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Stanford University
Precourt Institute for Energy
The Precourt Institute for Energyat Stanford
Lynn Orr, ZX Shen, Sally Benson, Stacey Bent, Jim Sweeney, Frank Wolak, Larry Goulder
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Energy Research and Teaching at Stanford
Many departments have longstanding and very active energy research efforts
Business (1%)
Engineering (30%)
Earth Sciences (14%)
Humanities & Sciences (Science)(16%)Humanities & Sciences (SocialScience) (4%)Law (2%)
Medicine (1%)
Independent Labs/Programs (32%)
Distribution includes duplication caused by faculty with multiple affiliations (253 affiliations listed)
• Current Faculty– 198 faculty– 22 departments– 13 independent labs /
programs
• Stanford History– Early 1970s – Institute for
Energy Studies (IES)– 1976 – Energy Modeling
Forum– 1985 – IES dissolved– 2002 – GCEP– 2006 – Precourt Institute
for Energy Efficiency– 2009 – Precourt Institute
for Energy
3
PIE Overall Goals
• Lead the world in academic energy research • Provide people and ideas that can transform the energy
landscape; broaden and link the community of students, faculty, and researchers working on energy across the campus
• Work on a wide spectrum of energy resources, technologies for energy conversions, time scales for application, energy efficiency, markets, regulatory structures, and economics
• Strengthen the energy educational effort at Stanford• Make what we do more visible to the world outside of
Stanford• Provide a single point of contact for those who want to
find out what we do
4
Precourt Institute for Energyat Stanford University
Precourt Energy
Efficiency Center
Global Climate and
Energy Project
TomKat Center for
Sustainable Energy
Stanford/SLAC Institute for
Materials and Energy Sciences
Program on Energy and Sustainable
Development
Precourt Institute for EnergyPrecourt Institute for Energy
Improving energy efficiency now
Technology to reduce GHG emissions
Renewables, energy storage, grid management
Political economy of energy markets, GHG reduction
Basic science of materials, interfaces
Stanford Environment & Energy Policy
Analysis CenterFeasible, cost effective, politically realistic policy
options
Additional Energy Programs and Centers
• Energy Modeling Forum• Center for Advanced Molecular Photovoltaics• Center on Nanostructuring for Efficient Energy
Conversion• SIEPR Energy, Natural Resources and the Environment
Program• Hoover Task Force on Energy Policy• Center for Sustainable Energy through Catalysis• Atmosphere/Energy Program, Civil and Environmental
Engineering Department• Thermosciences and Flow Physics and Computation
Divisions, Mechanical Engineering Department• Energy Materials theme in the Department of Materials
Science and Engineering
Additional Energy Programs and Centers
• Solar and nanostructured materials research in the Chemical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Materials Science, Applied Physics
• Multiple industrial affiliates programs on geothermal, oil recovery, carbon capture and storage in the Department of Energy Resources Engineering
• Undergraduate majors related to energy in ME, ChE, Mat. Sci & Eng., ERE, Management Sci. & Eng., Civil & Env. Eng., Geol & Env. Sci., Geophysics.
• Earth Systems, Energy Science and Technology Track (undergrad)
• Interdisciplinary PhD Program in Environment and Resources (IPER)
• 135 courses in many departments/programs• …
7
Elements
• New faculty appointments – 5 new billets leveraged by joint appointments with schools, departments
• Research support through proposal competitions:– PIE: $1.8 M– PEEC: $0.9 M– TKC: $1.2 M– GCEP: $66 M
• Annual expenditures by PIE elements: ~$38 M• New Energy and Environment Industrial Affiliates
Program• Outreach: Energy seminar, GCEP Symposium, PEEC
workshops, TKC Grid Initiative Workshops, …
Z.-X. ShenDirector, SIMES
Chief Scientist, SLAC
Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences(SIMES)
SLAC National Accelerator LaboratoryMaterials Science Division
Energy Programs at Stanford, Oct.5th, 2010
SLAC Organizational Chart
Energy Programs at Stanford, Oct.5th, 2010
DOE Briefing 7/27/09Page 10
Photon Science DirectorateKeith Hodgson, ALD
Advisory Committees
Materials Sciences Division (SIMES)
Z.X. Shen
Chemical SciencesDivision
Phil Bucksbaum
BiosciencesDivision
TBD
ALD AdvisoryCouncil
FutureDivision
TBD
SLAC PS Directorate Organization
Immediate
FY11
>FY11
ALD Advisory Council – Includes:
Division DirectorsInstitute/Center Directors
and Deputy DirectorsSenior Admin Staff
Advisory Committees– External for
SIMESPULSECatalysis Center
(PS Level Committee; Reports to SLAC Director)
PSD Administration
Energy Programs at Stanford, Oct.5th, 2010
Division of Materials Science (FWP)
• Supplemental support by Stanford University through faculty salary and graduate student fellowships• SLAC is making strategic investments (LDRD).
Mission and Vision• Our mission is to address grand challenges in the
science of energy-related materials. We create knowledge, develop leaders, and seek solutions.
• Our vision is to become a renowned center of excellence in the science of energy-related materials.
12Energy Programs at Stanford, Oct.5th, 2010
Strategic Goals
13
SIMES is motivated by solving key questions which will lead to dramatic improvements for society :
Room temperature superconductivity
Solar Power cheaper than Coal
Electrochemical energy storage density more than double the current Lithium ion battery
Efficient grid, and low power consumption electronics
Energy Programs at Stanford, Oct.5th, 2010
Major Science Goals
14
Why do quantum electronic materials have amazing emergent properties?
What are the “step out” pathways to convert photons into energy, and to store energy chemically?
How can we design and synthesize materials, both physically-and bio-inspired, that exhibit these amazing quantum and energy transformative properties?
How can we best measure, probe, and simulate the ultrafast photonic and electronic processes that drive all of the above?
SIMES focuses on science questions that will significantly contribute to the strategic goals:
Energy Programs at Stanford, Oct.5th, 2010
Team Approach to Science Goals
Quantum materials emergent
properties?
Convert photons into energy, store
energy?
Ultrafast photonic and
electronic processes?
Synthesize physically- and
bio-inspired materials?
CharacterizationUnderstanding
SynthesisBuild / Test Applications
Discovery Design
Opportunity to Grow
Discovery
Design
Build
Test
SLAC is at historical juncture that offers an opportunity for a fully fledged materials science division to serve the DOE mission through the following ecosystem of research and development
Energy Programs at Stanford, Oct.5th, 2010
Program Vision (2013-2015)
17Energy Programs at Stanford, Oct.5th, 2010
GLOBAL CLIMATE AND ENERGY PROJECT | STANFORD UNIVERSITY
Global Climate and Energy Project
Professor Sally M. BensonDirector, Global Climate and Energy Project
Stanford University
OCTOBER 6, 2010
GLOBAL CHALLENGES – GLOBAL SOLUTIONS – GLOBAL OPPORTUNITIES
ENERGY SEMINAR | STANFORD, CA
http://gcep.stanford.edu/
Global Climate and Energy Project
Mission• Research on low-greenhouse gas emission energy supply• Focus on fundamental and pre-commercial research• Applications in the 10-50 years timeframe
Strategy• Research projects with potential for significant impact on reducing
greenhouse gas emissions• Look for potential breakthroughs for new conversion options• High risk / high reward• Work at Stanford and at other institutions around the world
Sponsors
GCEP Research Portfolio, September, 2010
Over $100M Allocated to Research
GCEP STUDENT AND PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT
• Support for graduate research (400 students to date)• GCEP Symposium: Sept 28-29, 2010• GCEP Student Forum• Topical Workshops• 2011 Energy Summer School
The mission of the TomKat Center for Sustainable Energy is to harness the skills and creativity of Stanford University’s leading science, technology, and policy experts to transform the world’s energy systems for a sustainable future.
This problem is inherently interdisciplinary because • the renewable resources are intermittent with varying timescales• they require a different transmission and distribution system than the
current infrastructure• they involve technical issues of information management and system
control• they are influenced by markets that determine which fraction of energy
comes from renewables• they impact the environment.
TomKat Center for Sustainable Energy
Stanford University
U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review 2009http://www.eia.doe.gov/aer/pecss_diagram.html
Together these two sectors make up 2/3 of US energy demand
Primary Energy Flow by Source and Sector, 2009Quadrillion BTU
Stanford University
Generation and ConversionSolar, hydro, biofuels, fuel cells, photocatalysts, and geothermal.
Transmission and DistributionNetworking and complex systems, information technology, and security.
StorageBoth large-scale and portable storage.
Land and Water: Including biofuels, impact of large scale wind and solar farms. It is strongly dependent on social science, law, policy, and environmental research.
Electricity Transportation
Stanford University
TomKat Center for Sustainable Energy
TomKat Center for Sustainable Energy Promote evaluation, analysis, and research in the areas of
generation and conversion, transmission and distribution, storage, and land and water.
Focus on the science and engineering of energy conversion systems for
production, storage and use systems level architecture and management of grids under deep
penetration of intermittent renewables the social, economic, and policy issues that will be required for a
transition to significant use of renewables
Stanford University
TomKat Center for Sustainable EnergyYear 1
Focus: Sustainable Power Grid
Stanford University
Sustainable grid architectures have the potential to provide benefits such as • reduction of peak demand• energy efficiency and conservation• incorporation of generation from renewable sources• decreased greenhouse gas emissions• reduced cost of electricity• providing real time information to utilities and consumers.
31
Precourt Energy Efficiency Center(Née: Precourt Institute for Energy
Efficiency)
James Sweeney
http://peec.stanford.edu
32
Precourt Energy Efficiency Center• Established October 2006• Initial funding, from Jay Precourt:
– operating cost, building; faculty endowment (now with PIE)• Subsequent Funding: EPA, ARPA–E, The Energy Foundation,
Richard and Rhona Goldman Fund• Mission
– Improve opportunities for and implementation of energy efficient technologies, systems, and practices.
– Focus on use of energy, especially economically efficient reductions in energy use
• Operations– Grants to faculty/student teams throughout Stanford– Conferences (Silicon Valley Energy Summit; Behavior,
Energy, and Climate Change)– Internal Research
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Increased EconomicEfficiency
Decreased Energy Use
Reduced EconomicEfficiency
Increased Energy Use
34
Economically Efficient Energy Intensification
Energy Efficiency ImprovementInefficient Energy Saving
Waste
Increased EconomicEfficiency
Decreased Energy Use
34
35
Increased commercial space
Gasoline Price Controls
Compact Fluorescent Penetration
LED: Traffic Lights, Task Lighting
Energy Cost Labeling
Gasoline Rationing
Much Incandescent Lighting
Congestion Pricing
Personal Computer Penetration
Optimized Building Construction
Overly Strict Building Standards
Pigouvian Energy Tax
Increased EconomicEfficiency
Decreased Energy Use
“Smart” Regional Land Development
Reformed CAFE Standards
Some Rail Rapid Transit Systems
Efficient AC-DC Converters
Halt SUV Sales
Airline Deregulation
Energy Audits (and followup)
Hybrid Gas-Electric Vehicles
High Definition TV
Plug-In Hybrids (Now)
Plug-In Hybrids (Future)
LED General Lighting (Now)
LED General Lighting (Future)
Internet Growth
“Smart Buildings” Controls
Economic development
Accessible Business Travel
Old appliance replacement
Program Thermostat,Lights, Tire pressure,Driving Patterns
Appliance Efficiency Standards Smart Meters
and Feedback
Gasoline Rationing
Halt SUV Sales
Enterprise Mgmnt Software
Enhanced Travel Infrastructure
PEEC-Funded Research Matrix
Sectors
Methods Buildings Transport-ation
Electricity Distribution
Industry Appliances
Engineering
Modeling
Systems
Behavior
Policy
Largest Emphasis Some Emphasis
Research on Energy and Environmental Markets and Policy at PESD
Frank A.WolakDirector, Program on Energy and Sustainable Development (PESD)
andDepartment of Economics
Stanford UniversityStanford, CA [email protected]://pesd.stanford.edu
What is PESD?• Research on production and consumption
of energy and its impact on the environment from a multi-disciplinary perspective– Economics, Political Science, Law, and Business
• All energy and environmental challenges have a significant public policy component– Economic incentives, political constraints, legal
framework, regulatory processes, and financially viable business models all constrain the set of feasible solutions
– PESD is unique among energy and environmental research centers in academia in studying these issues
It’s Not Just About Technology…
• Technology is an important part of energy solutions, but there are many examples where technology exists but cannot be implemented (or implemented at least cost) because of these constraints
• Examples of technologically feasible solutions that are hindered by regulatory and political constraints include:– carbon pricing– transmission expansions to support least cost
renewable energy deployment,– dynamic pricing of electricity to final consumers– carbon capture and sequestration at scale
PESD Research• Climate policy—Cap and Trade, RPS, LCFS• Transmission expansion policies to support wholesale
markets and greater renewable energy penetration– Supported by TomKat Center for Sustainable Energy)
• Active participation of final consumers in wholesale electricity markets– Experimental and behavioral modeling of impact of dynamic
pricing programs and information provision programs• National Oil Companies in the world oil market• Natural gas industry: market design, environmental
concerns, and the potential for unconventional gas• World coal market• Access to energy for low-income households in developing
countries– Business models for cookstove deployment in India
Research Methods• Quantitative modeling of energy and environmental
interactions– Model of global natural gas market and coal market
interactions– Market performance analysis in wholesale electricity and
natural gas markets• Systematic case study research
– Small/medium scale• Commercial cookstove distribution in India
– Large scale multi-country• Political Economy of Power Sector Reform (completed)• Geopolitics of Natural Gas (completed)• National Oil Companies• World Coal Markets• Electricity Transmission Planning, Expansion, and Pricing
Collaborations on Campus• Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies
– Parent organization– Support for low-income energy studies
• Precourt Institute for Energy / TomKat Center– Support for study of grid integration of renewables
• Law School– PESD faculty teach a course on regulatory policy in law
school• Focus on energy and infrastructure industries
• Business School– PESD faculty teach course in GSB on “Business
Models for Sustainable Energy” during winter quarter
42
Outreach/Education• Annual research conference
• Transfer best available academic research to industry and policymakers• Sep 7th 2010: “Climate Policy Instruments for Real World”
– Mechanisms for Setting a Price for Carbon– Engaging Developing World in Climate Mitigation– The Role of Renewable Energy in Climate Mitigation– Reducing Greenhouse Gases from the Transportation Sector– Managing Intermittency in Electricity Sector– Adaptation as a Solution to Climate Change
• Two discussants from industry, regulatory agency or general policymaking community for each academic presenter
• Conference videos and presentation materials available at http://pesd.stanford.edu
Outreach/Education• PESD supports graduate student research on energy
and environmental issues– Subsidy trap in access to low-quality electricity by
low-income households in developing countries– Quantifying the magnitude of learning-by-doing in
the construction of wind generation units in the US– Use of improved biomass stoves in India (opening
for PhD student researcher)• Stanford courses
– Law school– GSB– Economics
Direct Policy Impact• PESD faculty participate in public policy making
process in the US and around the world, including:– Electricity
• Frank Wolak is Chair of California Independent System Operator (ISO) Market Surveillance Committee
• Market design and energy industry regulatory oversight in numerous countries around the world – current projects in Colombia, Chile, and Philippines
– Carbon markets• PESD testimony to UN/World Bank on CDM
– National Oil Companies• Discussions with policymakers, regulators, and NOC officials
around the world– General energy and environmental policy
• PESD faculty have testified numerous times to US Senate and House of Representatives on Energy and Environmental Issues
Broader Policy Impact
• Communicating PESD research results through popular press– Wall Street Journal, New York Times,
National Public Radio interviews– PESD researchers contribute op-eds in
popular press and research summaries to industry publications
– Frequent presenters at industry conferences• Platt’s, EEI, NARUC
For more information:http://pesd.stanford.edu
Stanford Environmental and Energy Policy Analysis Center(SEEPAC)
Some policy areas:• Coordinating state and federal climate-policy efforts
Stanford Environmental and Energy Policy Analysis Center(SEEPAC)
Some policy areas:• Coordinating state and federal climate-policy efforts• Assessing existing carbon offset policies (including the
Clean Development Mechanism) and identifying ways to improve them
• Providing incentives for the design of recyclable electronic products
• Reforming the Endangered Species Act
Focus on Policy AnalysisEmphasis on formulating policies that are
• cost-effective• equitable• address / overcome political constraints
“Economics Plus”• invokes economists, legal scholars, political scientists,
ethicists• forms bridges with engineers and natural scientists to gain
relevant scientific information and ask the important questions
Outreach Component: involve representatives from government, business, and NGOs
Communicate findings through website, policy briefs, working papers
A Sustainable Energy System
Society
AccessibleEconomy
Affordable
EnvironmentProtective
Energy is the lifeblood of modern civilization.
National Security
Secure