Upload
oleksiy-kovyrin
View
220
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/14/2019 Standford CS 193P: 10-Data
1/51
CS193P - Lecture 10
iPhone Application Development
Dealing with Data
8/14/2019 Standford CS 193P: 10-Data
2/51
Announcements
Presence 2 is due next Wednesday 10/29 at 11:59pm
Distributing iPod Touches for development today
8/14/2019 Standford CS 193P: 10-Data
3/51
Conditions for Receiving an iPod Touch
Complete the course with a B or better (or Pass)
Keep it through the end of the quarter
Demo your final project on it
In exchange, you get to keep it
8/14/2019 Standford CS 193P: 10-Data
4/51
Todays Topics
Property Lists
iPhones File System
Archiving Objects
The Joy of SQLite
Web Services! XML
! JSON
Application Data Flow (Again)
8/14/2019 Standford CS 193P: 10-Data
5/51
Property Lists
8/14/2019 Standford CS 193P: 10-Data
6/51
Property Lists
Convenient way to store a small amount of data! Arrays, dictionaries, strings, numbers, dates, raw data
! Human-readable XML or binary format
NSUserDefaults class uses property lists under the hood
8/14/2019 Standford CS 193P: 10-Data
7/51
When Not to Use Property Lists
More than a few hundred KB of data
Complex object graphs
Custom object types
8/14/2019 Standford CS 193P: 10-Data
8/51
Reading & Writing Property Lists
NSArray and NSDictionary convenience methods
Operate recursively
// Writing
- (BOOL)writeToFile:(NSString *)aPath atomically:(BOOL)flag;
- (BOOL)writeToURL:(NSURL *)aURL atomically:(BOOL)flag;
// Reading
- (id)initWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)aPath;
- (id)initWithContentsOfURL:(NSURL *)aURL;
http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSURL_Class/Reference/Reference.html#//apple_ref/doc/c_ref/NSURLhttp://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSString_Class/Reference/NSString.html#//apple_ref/doc/c_ref/NSStringhttp://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSString_Class/Reference/NSString.html#//apple_ref/doc/c_ref/NSStringhttp://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSString_Class/Reference/NSString.html#//apple_ref/doc/c_ref/NSStringhttp://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSString_Class/Reference/NSString.html#//apple_ref/doc/c_ref/NSStringhttp://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSURL_Class/Reference/Reference.html#//apple_ref/doc/c_ref/NSURL8/14/2019 Standford CS 193P: 10-Data
9/51
Writing an Array to Disk
NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@Foo,
[NSNumber numberWithBool:YES],
[NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:60],
nil];
[array writeToFile:@MyArray.plist atomically:YES];
! Foo! ! 2008-10-23T19:56:18Z
http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtdhttp://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd8/14/2019 Standford CS 193P: 10-Data
10/51
Writing a Dictionary to Disk
NSDictionary *dict = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:
@Name, @Evan,
@Lecture, [NSNumber numberWithInt:10],
nil];
[dict writeToFile:@MyDict.plist atomically:YES];
! Name! Evan! Lecture! 10
http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtdhttp://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd8/14/2019 Standford CS 193P: 10-Data
11/51
NSPropertyListSerialization
Allows finer-grained control! File format
! More descriptive errors
! Mutability
// Property list to NSData+ (NSData *)dataFromPropertyList:(id)plist
format:(NSPropertyListFormat)format
errorDescription:(NSString **)errorString;
// NSData to property list
+ (id)propertyListFromData:(NSData *)data
mutabilityOption:(NSPropertyListMutabilityOptions)opt
format:(NSPropertyListFormat *)format
errorDescription:(NSString **)errorString;
8/14/2019 Standford CS 193P: 10-Data
12/51
More on Property Lists
Property List Programming Guide for Cocoahttp://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/PropertyLists/
http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/PropertyLists/http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/PropertyLists/http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/PropertyLists/http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/PropertyLists/8/14/2019 Standford CS 193P: 10-Data
13/51
iPhones File System
8/14/2019 Standford CS 193P: 10-Data
14/51
Keeping Applications Separate
8/14/2019 Standford CS 193P: 10-Data
15/51
Why Keep Applications Separate?
Security
Privacy
Cleanup after deleting an app
8/14/2019 Standford CS 193P: 10-Data
16/51
Home Directory Layout
Each app has its own set of directories
! MyApp.app
! Documents
! Library
! Caches
! Preferences
Applications only read and write within their home directory
Backed up by iTunes during sync (mostly)
8/14/2019 Standford CS 193P: 10-Data
17/51
File Paths in Your Application
// Basic directories
NSString *homePath = NSHomeDirectory();NSString *tmpPath = NSTemporaryDirectory();
// Documents directory
NSArray *paths =
NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory,NSUserDomainMask, YES);
NSString *documentsPath = [paths objectAtIndex:0];
// /Documents/foo.plist
NSString *fooPath =
[documentsPath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@foo.plist];
8/14/2019 Standford CS 193P: 10-Data
18/51
Including Writable Files with Your App
Application bundles are code signed = cant modify contents
To include a writable data file with your app...! Build it as part of your app bundle
! On first launch, copy it to your Documents directory
8/14/2019 Standford CS 193P: 10-Data
19/51
Archiving Objects
8/14/2019 Standford CS 193P: 10-Data
20/51
Archiving Objects
Next logical step from property lists! Include arbitrary classes
! Complex object graphs
Used by Interface Builder for NIBs
8/14/2019 Standford CS 193P: 10-Data
21/51
Making Objects Archivable
Conform to the protocol
// Encode an object for an archive
- (void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)coder
{
[super encodeWithCoder:coder];
[coder encodeObject:name forKey:@Name];
[coder encodeInteger:numberOfSides forKey:@Sides];
}
// Decode an object from an archive
- (id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)coder
{ self = [super initWithCoder:coder];
name = [[coder decodeObjectForKey:@Name] retain];
numberOfSides = [coder decodeIntegerForKey:@Side];
}
8/14/2019 Standford CS 193P: 10-Data
22/51
Archiving & Unarchiving Object Graphs
Creating an archive
Decoding an archive
NSArray *polygons = ...;
NSString *path = ...;
BOOL result = [NSKeyedArchiver archiveRootObject:polygons
toFile:path];
NSArray *polygons = nil;
NSString *path = ...;
polygons = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithFile:path];
8/14/2019 Standford CS 193P: 10-Data
23/51
More on Archiving Objects
Archives and Serializations Programming Guide for Cocoahttp://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/Archiving/
http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/PropertyLists/http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/PropertyLists/http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/PropertyLists/http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/PropertyLists/8/14/2019 Standford CS 193P: 10-Data
24/51
The Joy of SQLite
8/14/2019 Standford CS 193P: 10-Data
25/51
SQLite
Complete SQL database in an ordinary file
Simple, compact, fast, reliable
No server
Great for embedded devices! Included on the iPhone platform
8/14/2019 Standford CS 193P: 10-Data
26/51
And just as you have received
SQLite for free, so also freelygive, paying the debt forward.
D. Richard Hipp
8/14/2019 Standford CS 193P: 10-Data
27/51
When Not to Use SQLite
Multi-gigabyte databases
High concurrency (multiple writers)
Client-server applications
Appropriate Uses for SQLitehttp://www.sqlite.org/whentouse.html
http://www.sqlite.org/whentouse.htmlhttp://www.sqlite.org/whentouse.html8/14/2019 Standford CS 193P: 10-Data
28/51
SQLite C API Basics
Open the database
Execute a SQL statement
Close the database
int sqlite3_open(const char *filename, sqlite3 **db);
int sqlite3_exec(sqlite3 *db, const char *sql,
int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),void *context, char **error);
int sqlite3_close(sqlite3 *db);
// Your callback
int callback(void *context, int count,
char **values, char **columns);
8/14/2019 Standford CS 193P: 10-Data
29/51
Demo:
Simple SQLite
8/14/2019 Standford CS 193P: 10-Data
30/51
More on SQLite
SQLite in 5 Minutes Or Lesshttp://www.sqlite.org/quickstart.html
Intro to the SQLite C Interfacehttp://www.sqlite.org/cintro.html
http://www.sqlite.org/cintro.htmlhttp://www.sqlite.org/quickstart.htmlhttp://www.sqlite.org/quickstart.htmlhttp://www.sqlite.org/cintro.html8/14/2019 Standford CS 193P: 10-Data
31/51
Web Services
8/14/2019 Standford CS 193P: 10-Data
32/51
Your Application & The Cloud
Store & access remote data
May be under your control or someone elses
Web 2.0 apps with public API are common
8/14/2019 Standford CS 193P: 10-Data
33/51
I made a location-based social
networking mashup... for pets!Can I have some money now?
Author Unknown
8/14/2019 Standford CS 193P: 10-Data
34/51
Integrating with Web Services
Non-goal of this class: teach you about web services
Many are exposed via RESTful interfaces with XML or JSON
High level overview of parsing these types of data
8/14/2019 Standford CS 193P: 10-Data
35/51
XML
8/14/2019 Standford CS 193P: 10-Data
36/51
Options for Parsing XML
libxml2!Tree-based: easy to parse, entire tree in memory
! Event-driven: less memory, more complex to manage state
!Text reader: fast, easy to write, efficient
NSXMLParser! Event-driven API: simpler but less powerful than libxml2
8/14/2019 Standford CS 193P: 10-Data
37/51
More on Parsing XML
Brent Simmons, libxml2 + xmlTextReader on Macshttp://inessential.com/?comments=1&postid=3489! Includes example of parsing Twitter XML!
Big Nerd Ranch, Parsing XML in Cocoahttp://weblog.bignerdranch.com/?p=48!
Covers the basics of NSXMLReader
http://weblog.bignerdranch.com/?p=48http://inessential.com/?comments=1&postid=3489http://inessential.com/?comments=1&postid=3489http://weblog.bignerdranch.com/?p=488/14/2019 Standford CS 193P: 10-Data
38/51
JSON
8/14/2019 Standford CS 193P: 10-Data
39/51
JavaScript Object Notation
More lightweight than XML
Looks a lot like a property list! Arrays, dictionaries, strings, numbers
Open source json-framework wrapper for Objective-C
8/14/2019 Standford CS 193P: 10-Data
40/51
Using json-framework
May feel like deja-vu
#import
// Get a JSON string from the cloud
NSString *jsonString = ...;
// Parsing will result in Foundation objects// Top level may be an NSDictionary or an NSArray
id object = [jsonString JSONValue];
...
// Create some data in your app
NSDictionary *dictionary = ...;
// Convert into a JSON string before sending to the cloud
jsonString = [dictionary JSONRepresentation];
8/14/2019 Standford CS 193P: 10-Data
41/51
Demo:
Flickr API with JSON
8/14/2019 Standford CS 193P: 10-Data
42/51
More on JSON
JSON Parser/Generator for Objective-Chttp://code.google.com/p/json-framework/
Introducing JSONhttp://www.json.org/
http://www.json.org/http://code.google.com/p/json-framework/http://code.google.com/p/json-framework/http://www.json.org/8/14/2019 Standford CS 193P: 10-Data
43/51
Application Data Flow (Again)
8/14/2019 Standford CS 193P: 10-Data
44/51
Data Flow in Your Application
Your objects may need to share data
Dont let this lead to tightly interwoven code
8/14/2019 Standford CS 193P: 10-Data
45/51
How Not To Share Data
Global variables or singletons!This includes your application delegate!
Direct dependencies make your code less reusable! And more difficult to debug & test
ListController
DetailController
ApplicationDelegate
8/14/2019 Standford CS 193P: 10-Data
46/51
Best Practices for Data Flow
Figure out exactly what needs to be communicated
Define input parameters for your objects
ListController
DetailController
Data
8/14/2019 Standford CS 193P: 10-Data
47/51
Best Practices for Data Flow
Figure out exactly what needs to be communicated
Define input parameters for your objects
For communicating back up the hierarchy, use loose coupling! Define a generic interface (like delegation)
ListController
DetailController
8/14/2019 Standford CS 193P: 10-Data
48/51
Best Practices for Data Flow
Figure out exactly what needs to be communicated
Define input parameters for your objects
For communicating back up the hierarchy, use loose coupling! Define a generic interface (like delegation)
ListController
DetailController
I care!
8/14/2019 Standford CS 193P: 10-Data
49/51
Delegates and Memory Management
Delegates should be assigned, not retained, to avoid cycles
When deallocating, if youre another objects delegate,unset it to avoid leaving an invalid reference
- (void)dealloc{
if (otherObject.delegate == self) {
otherObject.delegate = nil;
}
[otherObject release];
[super dealloc];
}
@property (assign) id delegate;
8/14/2019 Standford CS 193P: 10-Data
50/51
Recap
Property lists! Quick & easy, but limited
Archived objects! More flexible, but require writing a lot of code
SQLite! Elegant solution for many types of problems
XML and JSON! Low-overhead options for talking to the cloud
Design your data flow thoughtfully
8/14/2019 Standford CS 193P: 10-Data
51/51
Questions?