Standard for the Design of High-Performance Green Buildings · 7 STANDARD FOR THE DESIGN OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE GREEN BUILDINGS Development of Standard 189.1 2006 Preliminary meeting

ASHRAE/USGBC/IES Standard 189.1

Lynn G. Bellenger, PE, FASHRAE ASHRAE HBDP, LEED®APPathfinder Engineers and Architects LLP

[email protected]

Standard for the Design ofHigh-Performance Green Buildings

mailto:[email protected]�

STANDARD FOR THE DESIGN OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE GREEN BUILDINGS2

What is Standard 189.1?

ANSI standard being developed in model code language

Provides minimum requirements for high-performance, green buildings

Applies to all buildings except low-rise residential buildings (same as ASHRAE/IESNA Std 90.1)

Not a design guide, not a rating system

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Standard - level of quality accepted as the norm; :if you are doing it right, what does a green building look like in terms of siting, water use, energy, etc


Standard Project Committee 189.1

Sponsor and co-sponsors ASHRAE USGBC IES

Project committee 37 total members Diverse backgrounds

Consensus process

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Presentation Notes

Categories - designers, utility, industry, user, general interest Members include people from: ASHRAE, IES, USGBC Also, BOMA, National Multi Housing Council, SMACNA, DOE, American Institute of Steel Construction, International Code Council, GSA, EPA, ACEEE, NFPA


Scope of Standard 189.1

Applies to … new buildings and their systems new portions of buildings and their systems new systems and equipment in existing buildings


Goals for Standard 189.1

Establish mandatory criteria in all topic areas One “challenge” is existing green building rating systems contain

few mandatory provisions

Provide simple compliance options Complement green building rating programs Standard is not intended to compete with green building rating

programs

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Presentation Notes

A designer can achieve points & claim that they have a green building but still make no improvements in some areas


What Happens When Green Becomes Code?

Do Buildings Get Better?

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Presentation Notes

Standard 189.1 and these green building codes could be game changers in the building industry. What is your best path forward? Some of you are old enough to remember when ASHRAE Standard 90 (1975) and Title 24 (1975) were originally developed as the first building energy codes. Adoption is only the first step –enforcement will be a challenge


Development of Standard 189.12006Preliminary meeting (Jun)

20071st public review (May-Jul)

20082nd public review (Feb)Committee reconstituted (Nov)

20093rd public review (May-Jun)4th public review of ISCs (Sep-Oct)Publication approval (Dec)

2010Publication (Jan)Transition to SSPC (June)

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011


Standard 189.1 Building Blocks


Standard 189.1 Chapter Structure

x.1: Scope x.2: Compliance x.3: Mandatory

(required for all projects) x.4: Prescriptive Option

(simple option, very few calculations) x.5: Performance Option

(more options, but more effort)


Compliance Paths

Mandatory + Prescriptive Path

Performance PathMandatory +

(Simple option, very few calculations)

(More options, but more effort)


Standard 189.1 Topic Areas

SS

WE

EE

IEQ

MR

CO

Sustainable Sites

Water Use Efficiency

Energy Efficiency

Indoor Environmental Quality

Building’s Impact on the Atmosphere, Materials & Resources

Construction and Operations Plans


Climate Zones

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Sustainable SitesMandatory Provisions

Site selection Reduce heat island effect Reduce light pollution

SS WE EE IEQ MR CO

solar reflectance index (SRI): a measure of a constructed surface’s ability to reflect solar heat, as shown by a small temperature rise. A standard black surface (reflectance 0.05, emittance 0.90) is 0 and a standard white surface (reflectance 0.80, emittance0.90) is 100.

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Presentation Notes

Promotes the use of brownfield and greyfield sites, requirement for using greenfield sites. 50% shading of site hardscape Roofs (climate zones 1-3): to be SRI 78 (low-slope), 29 (steep-slope) or cool roof Promote partial shading on east and west walls Maximum allowable Backlight, Uplight And Glare (BUG) ratings for luminaires by lighting zone type



Site Selection Allowable sites

• Existing building envelope• Brownfields, greyfields• Greenfield sites where 1/2 mile to:

- transit or 10 basic services, or residential area with density > 10 units/acre

Prohibited development activity• Flood plains • 100 ft of wetlands • 150 ft of fish and wildlife habitat

conservation areaSS WE EE IEQ MR CO

brownfield site: a site documented as contaminated by means of an ASTM E1903 Phase II Environmental Site Assessment or a site classified as a brownfield by a local, State, or Federal government agency.

fish and wildlife habitat conservation area: areas with which state or federally designated endangered, threatened, or sensitive species have a primary association.

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Presentation Notes

There shall be no site disturbance or development of the following: previously undeveloped land having an elevation lower than 5 ft above the elevation of the 100 year flood as defined by USFEMA. within 150 ft of any fish and wildlife habitat conservation area unless the site disturbance or development involves plantings or habitat enhancement of the functions and values of the area. within 100 ft of any wetland unless the site disturbance or development involves plantings or habitat enhancement of the functions and values of the wetland. Exception to 5.3.1.2: Development of a low-impact trail is allowed within 15 ft (4.5 m) of a fish and wildlife habitat conservation area or wetland.



Reduce Heat Island Effect Site hardscape

• 50% to be shaded (within 5 years of planting), or be SRI 29, and/or shaded by structures

Walls• to be shaded on at least 30% of

east and west walls up to 20 feet above grade within 5 years

Roofs• (climate zones 1-3): 75% to be SRI

78 (low-slope), 29 (steep-slope) or cool roof

solar reflectance index (SRI): a measure of a constructed surface’s ability to reflect solar heat, as shown by a small temperature rise. A standard black surface (reflectance 0.05, emittance 0.90) is 0 and a standard white surface (reflectance 0.80, emittance 0.90) is 100.

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Presentation Notes

Hardscape includes roads, sidewalks, courtyards, and parking lots. SRI of new concrete is default of 35. Shade coverage calculated as the average of shade at 10 am, noon, and 3 pm on summer solstice. Wall Shading Exceptions: The requirements of this section are satisfied if 75% or more of the opaque wall surfaces on the east and west have a minimum SRI of 29. Each wall is allowed to be considered separately for this exception. East wall shading is not required for buildings located in climate zones 5, 6, 7 and 8. West wall shading is not required for buildings located in climate zones 7 and 8. Portions of walls that are used for on-site renewable energy systems shall count toward the required shaded area.



Reduction of Light Pollution Outdoor lighting lumen limits per

parking space, per ft2 of hardscape or per ft2 complete site (Standard 90.1 Addendum i)

Maximum allowable Backlight, Uplight and Glare (BUG) ratings for luminaires by lighting zone type

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Sustainable SitesPrescriptive Options

Site Development All sites:

• Minimum 40% of site area to be effective pervious surface (vegetation, green roof, porous pavers) – exceptions for areas with <10 inches annual average rainfall

Greenfield sites:• Minimum 20% of area to be

native or adapted plants

greenfield site: a site of which 20% or less has been previously developed with impervious surfaces.

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Presentation Notes

Exceptions: 1. The effective pervious surface is allowed to be reduced to a minimum of 20% of the entire site if 10% of the average annual rainfall for the entire development footprint is captured on site and reused for site water use or building water use. 2. The effective pervious surface is not required if 50% of the average annual rainfall for the entire development footprint is captured on site and reused for site water use or building water use. 3. Locations with less than 10 in. (250 mm) of average annual rainfall per year. 4. Building projects on a brownfield site.


Sustainable SitesPerformance Option

Site Development Existing Building: minimum 20% Greyfield Sites: minimum 40% Brownfield Sites: minimum 40% All Other Sites: minimum 50%

greyfield site: a site of which more than 20% is already developed with impervious surfaces.

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of the average annual rainfall on the development footprint shall be managed through infiltration, reuse, or evapotranspiration


Water Use EfficiencyMandatory Provisions

Site Water Use Bio-diverse plantings, hydrozoning, &

smart irrigation controllers

Building Water Use Plumbing fixtures & fittings,

appliances, HVAC systems & equipment, generally 40% lower than U.S. EPAct 1992

Disallow once through cooling with potable water

Recover condensate from steam systems & A/C units > 65,000 BTU/h capacity SS WE EE IEQ MR CO

hydrozoning: to divide the landscape irrigation system into sections in order to regulate each zone’s water needs based on plant materials, soil and other factors.

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Presentation Notes

Site water uses and building water use are not required to use the same option (prescriptive or performance) for demonstrating compliance. Minimum of 60% of improved landscape shall be bio-diverse plantings of native plants and adapted plants other than turfgrass. Water closets – 1.28 gal/flush Urinals – 0.5 gal/flush Public lavatory – 0.5 gpm flow rate Residential showerhead – 2.0 gpm flow rate Appliances – comply with ENERGY STAR for clothes washers and dishwashers



Water Metering Measurement devices with remote communication

capability shall be provided to collect water consumption data

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Presentation Notes

Separate submeters for individual leased, rented, or tenant space > 50,000 ft2.



Water Metering

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Presentation Notes

Data storage and retrieval – store data and create reports showing hourly, daily, monthly, and annual consumption for each measurement device.


Water Use EfficiencyPrescriptive Option

Site Water Use Max 1/3 of improved landscape can be irrigated with

potable water

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Building Water Use Cooling towers

• <200 ppm hardness to have minimum 5 cycles of concentration• >200 ppm hardness to have minimum 3.5 cycles of

concentration Efficient commercial food service and laboratories

Special Water Features Fountain water must be from alternate source or reclaimed (no potable

water)

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Presentation Notes

Irrigate with municipal reclaimed water and/or alternate on-site sources of water - a. rainwater or stormwater harvesting, b. air conditioner condensate, c. gray water from interior applications and treated as required, d. swimming pool filter backwash water, e. cooling tower blowdown water, f. foundation drain water, g. industrial process water, or h. on-site wastewater treatment plant effluent. Food service – high efficiency pre-rinse spray valves, Energy Star dishwashers, requirements for steam ovens, combination ovens, ice machines, and requires hands-free faucet controllers. Medical & laboratory facilities – use only water-efficient steam sterilizers Exception to 6.4.3(a): Where alternate on-site sources of water or municipally-reclaimed water are not available within 500 ft (150 m) of the building project site, potable water is allowed to be used for water features with less than 10,000 gallon capacity.


Water Use EfficiencyPerformance Option

Site Water Use proposed potable water for

irrigation < 35% of baseline evapotranspiration

Building Water Use proposed water use < mandatory

plus prescriptive

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evapotranspiration (ET): the sum of evaporation and plant transpiration. Evaporation accounts for the movement of water to the air from sources such as the soil, canopy interception, and water bodies. Transpiration accounts for the movement of water within a plant and the subsequent loss of water as vapor through stomata in its leaves.

Presenter

Presentation Notes

stomata: the pore openings underneath plant leaves that can open and close according to the metabolic needs of the plant. They are the ports for exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide gas for photosynthesis, but also release excess water into the air ETo: Maximum evapotranspiration as defined by the standardized Penman – Monteith equation or from the National Weather Service where available. ETc: Evapotranspiration of the plant material derived by multiplying ETo by the appropriate plant coefficient.


Building Energy Codes

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Where are we headed? Waxman-Markey Bill, aka the American Clean Energy and Security Act, ACES, H.R. 2454 New energy-efficiency standards for buildings would require 30 percent improvement by 2010 and 50 percent improvement by 2016 Future - Building energy labeling based on energy efficiency performance


Energy Efficiency Highlights

More stringent than Standard 90.1-2007 Includes plug/process loads Electric peak load reduction Renewable energy provisions Energy measurement for verification

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Energy EfficiencyMandatory Provisions

Meet 90.1 Mandatory Requirements Sections 5.4, 6.4, 7.4, 8.4, 9.4 and 10.4

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on-site renewable energy system: photovoltaic, solar thermal, geothermal energy, and wind systems used to generate energy and located on the building project.

Provide for future on-site renewable energy systems Building projects design shall show

allocated space and pathways for installation of on-site renewable energy systems

Minimum rating of 3.7 W/ft2 or 13 Btu/h/ft2multiplied by the total roof area

Exception for locations with poor incident solar radiation

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Presentation Notes

90.1 Mandatory Provisions 5.4 Building Envelope, 6.4 HVAC, 7.4 Service Water Heating, 8.4 Power, 9.4 Lighting, 10.4 Other Equipment Exception to Renewable Energy Ready: Building projects that have an annual daily average incident solar radiation available to a flat plate collector oriented due south at an angle from horizontal equal to the latitude of the collector location less than 1.36 kBtu/ft2/day (4.0 kWh/m2/ day), accounting for existing buildings, permanent infrastructure that is not part of the building project, topography, or trees, are not required to provide for future on-site renewable energy systems.



Energy Consumption Measurement Measurement devices with remote

communication capability shall be provided to collect energy consumption data

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Presentation Notes

Measure each energy supply source to the building, including gas, electricity, and district energy. Shall have capability to automatically communicate the energy consumption data to a data acquisition system.



Energy Consumption Measurement

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Presentation Notes

Daily data and hourly load profiles. Store data at least 36 months. Create reports showing hourly, daily, monthly, and annual energy consumption.


Energy EfficiencyPrescriptive Option

On-site renewable energy systems Annual energy production equivalent

of 4 KBtu/ft2 of conditioned space Exception for areas with incident solar

radiation less than 1.36 kBtu/ft2-day and purchase of green power of at least 7 kWh/ft2 until cumulative purchase of 70 kWh/ft2

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Presentation Notes

Exception: Buildings that demonstrate compliance with both of the following are not required to contain on-site renewable energy systems: 1. An annual daily average incident solar radiation available to a flat plate collector oriented due South at an angle from horizontal equal to the latitude of the collector location less than 1.36 kBtu/ft2/day (4.0 kWh/m2/ day), accounting for existing buildings, permanent infrastructure that is not part of the building project, topography, and trees, and 2. Purchase of renewable electricity products complying with the Green-e Energy National Standard for Renewable Electricity Products of at least 7 kWh/ft2 (75 kWh/m2) of conditioned space each year until the cumulative purchase totals 70 kWh/ft2 (750 kWh/m2) of conditioned space.



CZ-3 Building Envelope (IP) Roof Insulation

• 90.1 R- 20 c.i., R- 38 attic• 189.1 R- 25 c.i., R- 49 attic

Walls – Steel Framed• 90.1 R-13 cavity + R-3.8 c.i. • 189.1 R-13 cavity + R-5.0 c.i.

Walls – Mass• 90.1 R-7.6 c.i. • 189.1 R-9.5 c.i.

Continuous air barrier requirement

Little Rock, AR Non-Residential Example SS WE EE IEQ MR CO

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Normative Appendix B A report from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Investigation of the Impact of Commercial Building Envelope Airtightness on HVAC Energy Use, showed that continuous air barrier systems can reduce air leakage by up to 83 percent and energy consumption for heating and cooling by up to 40 percent.



CZ-3 Building Envelope (IP) Fenestration Assemblies

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90.1 189.1nonmetal frame U-0.65 U-0.45curtainwall U-0.60 U-0.50other metal U-0.65 U-0.55SHGC 0.25 0.25

Little Rock, AR Non-Residential Example



Building Envelope Vertical fenestration area < 40% of the gross wall area W, S & E permanent projections for vertical fenestration (climate zones 1-5)

Fenestration orientation (climate zones 1,2,3&4): (AN*SHGCN + AS*SHGCS) ≥ 1.1*(AE*SHGCE + AW*SHGCW)

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Projection Factor PF ≥ 0.5

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Presentation Notes

Permanent Projections. For climate zones 1-5, the vertical fenestration on the west, south, and east shall be shaded by permanent projections that have an area-weighted average projection factor of not less than 0.50. Orientation to reduce heat gain from the west in climate zones 5 & 6 For climate zones 1, 2, 3, and 4:(AN*SHGCN + AS*SHGCS) ≥ 1.1*(AE*SHGCE + AW*SHGCW)



Building Envelope Continuous air barrier requirement

• Using individual materials that have an air permeability ≤ 0.004 cfm/ft2

under a pressure differential of 0.3 in. W.C.

• Using assemblies of materials and components that have an average air leakage ≤ 0.04 cfm/ft2 under a pressure differential of 0.3 in. W.C.

• Testing the completed building and demonstrating that the air leakage rate of the building envelope ≤ 0.4 cfm/ft2 under a pressure differential of 0.3 in. W.C.

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continuous air barrier: the combination of interconnected materials, assemblies and flexible sealed joints and components of the building envelope that provide air-tightness to a specified permeability.

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Normative Appendix B A fundamental part of durable, energy efficient, and sustainable construction is the design of the building enclosure. Water managed, thermally efficient, and leak free building enclosures, while providing for durable structures and reducing energy consumption, also allow us to maintain better control of our interior environmental conditions. A report from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Investigation of the Impact of Commercial Building Envelope Airtightness on HVAC Energy Use, showed that continuous air barrier systems can reduce air leakage by up to 83 percent and energy consumption for heating and cooling by up to 40 percent.



Mechanical Minimum equipment efficiencies –

either• Baseline is EPAct efficiencies

(Std 90.1) plus- 6 KBtu/ft2 renewable energy- 10% electrical peak load

reduction• Greater of Energy Star / Appendix

C equipment efficiencies- 4 KBtu/ft2 renewable energy- 5% electrical peak load

reduction

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Presentation Notes

7.4.5.1 Peak Load Reduction Building projects shall contain automatic systems, such as demand limiting or load shifting, that are capable of reducing electric peak demand of the building by not less than 5%



Mechanical Demand control ventilation for

densely occupied spaces Std 90.1 Seal Level A duct sealing Economizer cycle for units ≥ 33,000

Btu/h Fan power to be 10% less than

Std 90.1 Exhaust air energy recovery

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densely occupied space: those spaces with a design occupant density greater than or equal to 25 people per 1000 ft2

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Presentation Notes

densely occupied space: those spaces with a design occupant density greater than or equal to 25 people per 1000 ft2. Economizers can be eliminated in CZ-5 if cooling SEER is increased by 35% Duct Seal Level A - All transverse joints and longitudinal seams, and duct wall penetrations. Pressure-sensitive tape shall not be used as the primary sealant. Exhaust Air Energy Recovery required in CZ-5A when %OA ≥ 70% and supply airflow is ≥ 1,000 cfm. The threshold varies with the OA percentage. Energy recovery required when %OA ≥ 10% and supply airflow is ≥ 30,000 cfm Energy recovery systems shall have a minimum of 60% recovery effectiveness. Sixty percent recovery effectiveness shall mean a change in the enthalpy of the outdoor air supply equal to the 60% of the difference between the outdoor air and return air enthalpies at design conditions.



Lighting Interior lighting power to be 10% less

the 90.1-2007 lighting power density Occupancy sensor controls Occupancy sensor controls with multi-

level switching or dimming Lighting for building security or

emergency egress ≤ 0.1 W/ft2

Automatic controls for lighting in daylight zones

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Offices 250 ft2 or smaller, classrooms of any size, lecture, training, or vocational rooms of less than 1000 ft2, multipurpose rooms of less than 1000 ft2, and conference rooms and meeting rooms less than 1000 ft2 in hotels, convention, conference, multipurpose and meeting centers shall be equipped with occupant sensor(s) to shut off the lighting. The lighting in the following areas shall be controlled by an occupant sensor with multi-level switching or dimming system that reduces lighting power a minimum of 50% when no persons are present: Multi-family, dormitory, hotel and motel hallways. Commercial and industrial storage stack areas. Library stack areas.



Other Equipment Motor efficiencies higher than Standard

90.1-2007 Supermarket waste heat recovery system

on permanently installed refrigeration equipment in supermarkets 25,000 ft2 or greater

Energy Star equipment and appliances if installed prior to issuance of certificate of occupancy

Commercial refrigerators, freezers and clothes washers to comply with Appendix C

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Presenter

Presentation Notes

Energy Star equipment includes residential appliances, heating and cooling equipment, electronics, office equipment, water heaters, lighting, commercial food service equipment, and others.


Energy EfficiencyPerformance Option

Annual Energy Cost Proposed ≤ mandatory plus prescriptive Normative Appendix D – Performance option for energy efficiency

Annual Carbon Dioxide Equivalent (CO2e) Proposed ≤ mandatory plus prescriptive

Peak Electric Demand Proposed ≤ mandatory plus prescriptive Minimum annual load factor of 0.25

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Presentation Notes

CO2e emission factors for various energy sources are provided in Table 7.5.3-1 annual load factor: the calculated annual electric consumption, in kWh, divided by the product of the calculated annual peak electric demand, in kW, and 8760 hours


Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ)

Indoor air quality Environmental tobacco smoke control Outdoor air delivery monitoring Thermal comfort Building entrances Acoustic control Daylighting Low emitting materials

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Presentation Notes

Covers 8 topics.


Indoor Environmental QualityMandatory Provisions

Indoor Air Quality Ventilation rates per ASHRAE

Standard 62.1 Outdoor air flow rate monitoring of

minimum outside air MERV 8 filter (MERV 13 in PM2.5

non-attainment areas) Eliminate air bypass around filters No smoking inside building Building entrance entry mat system

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Presentation Notes

All filter frames, air cleaner racks, access doors and air cleaner cartridges shall be sealed. Building entry mat systems scraper surface absorption surface finishing surface


Indoor Environmental QualityMandatory Provisions

Thermal Environmental Conditions Comply with ASHRAE Standard 55 Section 6.1 Design and 6.2

Documentation

Acoustical Control Defined STC values for exterior and interior assemblies

Daylighting by Toplighting (Skylights) Targeted for large enclosed spaces in buildings ≤ three stories

Soil Gas Retarder System Brownfields or radon

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Presentation Notes

Sound Transmission Class (or STC) is an integer rating of how well a partition attenuates airborne sound. In the USA, it is widely used to rate interior partitions, ceilings/floors, doors, windows and exterior wall configurations (see ASTM International Classification E413 and E90). Outside the USA, the Sound Reduction Index (SRI) ISO standard is used. STC is roughly the decibel reduction in noise a partition can provide. If an 80dB sound on one side of a wall/floor/ceiling is reduced to 50dB on the other side, that partition is said to have an STC of 30. Sound Transmission Classes specified for: Buildings within 1000 ft of expressways. Buildings within 5 mi of airports serving more than 10,000 commercial jets per year. Where yearly average day-night average sound levels at the property line exceed 65 decibels. Requires exterior walls & roof-ceiling assemblies to be 50 STC or greater and fenestration to be 30 or greater. Interior STC values specified for wall and floor-ceiling assemblies separating adjacent dwelling units and classrooms (50), and hotel rooms and patient rooms (45). A minimum of 50% of the floor area directly under a roof in spaces with a lighting power density or lighting power allowance greater than 0.5 W/ft2 shall be in the daylight zone. brownfield site: a site documented as contaminated by means of an ASTM E1903 Phase II Environmental Site Assessment or a site classified as a brownfield by a local, State, or Federal government agency.


Indoor Environmental QualityPrescriptive Option

Daylighting by Sidelighting Office spaces and classrooms Minimum effective apertures Minimum interior surface visible light

reflectances Minimum shading projection factors

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Presentation Notes

Minimum reflectance of 80% for ceilings and 70% for partitions higher than 56” in daylight zones. Office shading can be exterior or interior and includes louvers, sun shades, light shelves and any other permanent device. Includes building self-shading through roof overhangs or recessed windows.


Indoor Environmental QualityPrescriptive Option

Materials Emissions and VOC requirements

• Adhesives and sealants• Paints and coatings• Floor covering materials• Composite wood and agrifiber

products• Office furniture systems and

seating• Ceiling and wall systems

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8.4.2.1.1 Emissions Requirements. Emissions shall be determined according to CA/DHS/EHLB/R-174 (commonly referred to as California Section 01350) and shall comply with the limit requirements for either office or classroom spaces regardless of the space type. 8.4.2.1.2 VOC Content Requirements. VOC content shall be determined according to and comply with the following limit requirements: a.Adhesives, Sealants and Sealant Primers: SCAQMD Rule 1168. HVAC duct sealants shall be classified as “Other” category within the SCAQMD Rule 1168 sealants table. b.Aerosol Adhesives: Green Seal Standard GS-36. The program uses a small-scale chamber test protocol and incorporates VOC emissions criteria developed by the California Department of Health Services, which are widely known as California Section 01350 (See CA/DHS/EHLRB/R-174 accessible at www.dhs.ca.gov/ehlb/IAQ/VOCS/Practice.htm)


Indoor Environmental QualityPerformance Option

Daylighting Physical or computer model, minimum

illuminance target: 30 fc (300 lux) on work surfaces, noon equinox

It shall be demonstrated that direct sun does not strike anywhere on a worksurface in any daylitspace for more than 20% of the occupied hours during an equinox day in regularly occupied office spaces

Materials VOC emissions model for building materials per

CA/DHS/EHLB/R-174 Section 4.3

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Presentation Notes

CA/DHS/EHLB/R-174 Section 4.3 commonly referred to as California Section 01350.


The Building’s Impact on the AtmosphereMandatory Provisions

Construction waste management A minimum of 50% of non-hazardous construction and demolition

waste material shall be diverted Total waste on new building projects shall not exceed 42 cubic

yards or 12,000 lbs per 10,000 ft2 of new building area

Wood products Refrigerants Storage and collection of recyclables and

discarded goods

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9.3.2 Extracting, Harvesting and/or Manufacturing. Materials shall be harvested and/or extracted and products and/or assemblies shall be manufactured according to the laws and regulations of the country of origin. Wood products in the project, other than recovered or reused wood shall not contain wood from endangered wood species, unless the trade of such wood conforms with the requirements of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). 9.3.3 Refrigerants. CFC-based refrigerants in HVAC&R systems shall not be used. Fire suppression systems shall not contain ozone-depleting substances (CFCs, HCFCs or Halons).


The Building’s Impact on the AtmospherePrescriptive Option

Reduced Impact Materials Post-consumer recycled content + one-half of the pre-consumer

recycled content ≥ 10% of the total materials in the building project, based on cost

≥ 5% of building materials used shall be bio-based products, based on cost

≥ 15% of building materials or products used shall be regionally extracted/harvested/recovered or manufactured within a radius of 500 miles of the project site, based on cost

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Presentation Notes

post-consumer recycled content: proportion of recycled material in a product generated by households or by commercial, industrial and institutional facilities in their role as end-users of the product, which can no longer be used for its intended purpose. pre-consumer recycled content: proportion of recycled material in a product diverted from the waste stream during the manufacturing process. Exception to Regional Materials: For building materials or products shipped in part by rail or water, the total distance to the project shall be determined by weighted average, whereby that portion of the distance shipped by rail or water shall be multiplied by 0.25 and added to that portion not shipped by rail or water, provided that the total does not exceed 500 miles

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The Building’s Impact on the AtmospherePerformance Option

Life Cycle Assessment ISO Standard 14044 – Environmental management -- Life cycle

assessment -- Requirements and guidelines Minimum of two building alternatives The building alternative chosen for the project shall have a 5%

improvement over the other building alternative in a minimum of two of the impact categories

Impact categories - land use (or habitat alteration), resource use, climate change, ozone layer depletion, human health effects, ecotoxicity, smog, acidification, and eutrophication

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Presentation Notes

ISO Standard 14044 - Environmental management -- Life cycle assessment -- Requirements and guidelines ISO 14044:2006 specifies requirements and provides guidelines for life cycle assessment (LCA) including: definition of the goal and scope of the LCA, the life cycle inventory analysis (LCI) phase, the life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) phase, the life cycle interpretation phase, reporting and critical review of the LCA, limitations of the LCA, relationship between the LCA phases, and conditions for use of value choices and optional elements. ISO 14044:2006 covers life cycle assessment (LCA) studies and life cycle inventory (LCI) studies.


Construction and OperationMandatory Provisions

Plans for Construction Building Acceptance Testing

• Verify installation and start-up• Verify systems manual

Building Commissioning Erosion and Sediment Control IAQ Construction Management Moisture Control Construction Activity Pollution Prevention

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Presentation Notes

ALL provision in this section are mandatory. There are no prescriptive or performance items. The following systems, if included in the building project, shall have Acceptance Testing: Mechanical Systems: HVAC, IAQ, and refrigeration systems (mechanical and/or passive) and associated controls. Lighting Systems: Automatic daylighting controls, manual daylighting controls, occupancy sensing devices, and, automatic shut-off controls Renewable energy systems. Energy measurement devices, as required in 7.3.3. Water measurement devices, as required in 6.3.3.



Commissioning (> 5,000 ft2) Activities prior to building permit

• Designate commissioning authority• Owner Project Requirements• Basis of Design• Commissioning Plan

Activities prior to occupancy• Verify performance• Verify training• Commissioning report

Post-occupancy activities

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commissioning authority (CxA): An entity identified by the owner who leads, plans, schedules, and coordinates the commissioning team to implement the building commissioning process.

Presenter

Presentation Notes

The following systems, if included in the building project, shall be commissioned: HVAC, IAQ and refrigeration systems (mechanical and/or passive) and associated controls. Control sequences to be verified for compliance with construction documentation as part of verification. Building envelope systems, components and assemblies to verify the thermal and moisture integrity. Building envelope pressurization to confirm air-tightness if included in basis of design requirements. Lighting controls and shading controls. Irrigation. Plumbing. Domestic and process water pumping and mixing systems. Service water heating systems. Renewable energy systems.



IAQ Construction Management Plan Air conveyance materials shall remain clean Post-construction, pre-occupancy flush-out

• Option A - 24-hr flush-out & baseline IAQ testing prior to occupancy

• Option B - Continuous flush-out

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Presenter

Presentation Notes

All filters and controls shall be in place and operational when HVAC systems are operated during building “flush-out” or baseline IAQ monitoring. Continuous flush-out requirements expressed in total air volume of outdoor air in total air changes defined by Equation 10.3.1.4 Variables are system design outdoor air intake, floor area and ceiling height. Can take as long as 14 days. Shorter if the outdoor air rate exceeds the design outdoor air cfm.



Plans for Operation High-Performance Building Operation

Plan• Site sustainability• Track and assess energy and water

use• Measurement & verification• Indoor air quality• Green cleaning

Maintenance plans

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Presenter

Presentation Notes

Site sustainability – maintaining trees & vegetation for shading Building Green Cleaning Plan. A Green Cleaning Plan shall be developed for the building project in compliance with Green Seal Standard, GS-42. Maintenance Plan. A Maintenance Plan shall be developed for mechanical, electrical, plumbing, and fire protection systems which includes the following: For mechanical systems in commercial buildings, the Plan shall be in accordance with ASHRAE Standard 180. For electrical plumbing and fire protection systems, the Plan shall address all elements of Section 4 of ASHRAE Standard 180 and shall develop required inspection and maintenance tasks similar to Section 5 of ASHRAE Standard 180. Documentation of the Plan and of completed maintenance procedures shall be maintained on the building site at all times in: Electronic format for storage on the building Energy Management System (EMS), Building Management System (BMS) or other computer storage means, or Maintenance Manuals specifically developed and maintained for documenting completed maintenance activities.



Energy Efficiency Plan for Operation Initial measurement & verification

• After acceptance testing is complete Track and assess energy consumption

• After 12 months but no later than 18 months after certificate of occupancy

• Energy usage reports (both consumption and demand)

• Energy Star Portfolio Manager to track performance

• Assess energy performance

verification: The process by which specific documents, components, equipment, assemblies, systems, and interfaces among systems are confirmed to comply with the criteria described in the owner’s project requirements.

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Presenter

Presentation Notes

Initial Measurement and Verification. Use the energy measurement devices and collection/storage infrastructure specified in 7.3.3 to collect and store energy data for each device, starting no later than after acceptance testing has been completed and certificate of occupancy has been issued.


Normative Appendices

Appendix A – Prescriptive Building Envelope Tables Appendix B – Prescriptive Continuous Air Barrier Appendix C – Prescriptive Equipment Efficiency Tables Appendix D – Performance Option for Energy Efficiency Appendix E – IAQ Limit Requirements for Office Furniture

Systems and Seating Appendix F – Building Concentrations


Integrative Project Team

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What is Your Best Path Forward?

Begin to understand the impact of these new requirements on your business and technical expertise

Identify what requisite skills and knowledge you will need once this standard and green codes are implemented


Further Information

Information on Standard 189.1: www.ashrae.org/greenstandard

ASHRAE Training on Standard 189.1 User Manual will be developed to assist in the

understanding in how to apply the standard

http://www.ashrae.org/greenstandard�


Questions

Documents

Standard for the Design of High-Performance Green Buildings · 7 STANDARD FOR THE DESIGN OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE GREEN BUILDINGS Development of Standard 189.1 2006 Preliminary meeting