Standard - DRAFT MALAYSIAN MTIB15TC1041R0sda.mtib.gov.my/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/DMS-laminated... · 2018. 11. 2. · This Malaysian Standard establishes requirements for the specification

DRAFT

MALAYSIAN MTIB15TC1041R0

STANDARD

STAGE: CIRCULATED FOR PUBLIC COMMENT (40.20)

DATE: 11/10/2018 - 9/12/2018

Laminated bamboo for general use -

Specifications

ICS: 79.060.99, 79.040

Descriptors: bamboo, laminated bamboo, general, use, specification

© Copyright 2018

DEPARTMENT OF STANDARDS MALAYSIA

MTIB15TC1041R0

© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2018 - All rights reserved i

CONTENTS

Page

Committee representation………………………………………………………………………… ii

Foreword…………………………………………………………………………………………… v

1. Scope…………………………………………………………………………................ 1

2. Normative references………………………………………………………….............. 1

3. Terms and definitions…………………………………………………………………… 2

4. Material…………………………………………………………………………………… 4

5. General Requirements……..…………………………………………………………... 5

6. Manufacturing of laminated bamboo….………………………………………………. 6

7. Bonding Quality…………………………………………………………………………. 8

8. Dimension and Tolerances (board)..……….………………………………………… 9

9. Formaldehyde Emission……………………………………………………………….. 10

10. Quality Control………………………………………………………………………….. 11

11. Marking, labelling and packaging…………………………………………………...... 11

MTIB15TC1041R0

ii © STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2018 - All rights reserved

Committee representation

The Industry Standards Committee on Timber, Timber Products and Timber Structures, under whose authority this

Malaysian Standard was developed, comprises representatives from the following organisations:

Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia

Department of Standards Malaysia

Forest Research Institute Malaysia

Institution of Engineers, Malaysia

JabatanKerajaanTempatan

JabatanKerja Raya Malaysia

Malaysian Furniture Promotion Council

Malaysian Panel-Products Manufacturers’ Association

Malaysian Timber Council

Malaysian Timber Industry Board (Secretariat)

Malaysian Wood Industries Association

Malaysian Wood Moulding& Joinery Council

Malaysian Wood Preserving Association

Sabah Timber Industries Association

Sarawak Timber Association

Sarawak Timber Industry Development Corporation

Timber Exporters’ Association of Malaysia

Universiti Putra Malaysia

UniversitiTeknologi MARA

The Technical Committee on Bamboo and Rattan which supervised the development of this Malaysian Standard

consists of representatives from the following organisations:

Association of Research and Development Movement of Singai Sarawak

Bamboo Bio-Composites SdnBhd

Forest Department of Peninsular Malaysia


Ihsan Team Consultant SdnBhd


Malaysian Wood Moulding& Joinery Council


Sarawak Timber Industry Development Corporation



UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia

The Working Group on Specification of Laminated Bamboo which developed this Malaysian Standard consists of

representatives from the following organisations:

Bamboo Bio-Composites SdnBhd



One-tech (M) SdnBhd



MTIB15TC1041R0

© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2018 - All rights reserved iii

Foreword

This Malaysian Standard was developed by the Working Group on Laminated

Bamboo/Technical Committee on Bamboo and Rattan under the authority of the Timber,

Timber Products and Timber Structures Industry Standards Committee.

Compliance with a Malaysian Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligation.

MTIB15TC1041R0

© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2018 - All rights reserved 1

Laminated bamboo for general use - Specifications

1 Scope

This Malaysian Standard establishes requirements for the specification of laminated bamboo

for general use. This standard includes requirements for the bamboo strips, dimensions and

tolerances, grades, glue bond, lay-up (construction), and marking. Products specified under

this standard are used for indoor applications or semi-outdoor (under the shade), provided that

the products are not exposed to wet condition for a long period of time.

2 Normative references

The following normative references are indispensable for the application of this standard. For

dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of

the normative reference (including amendments) applies.

MS 1787 Part 1, Wood-based panels - Part 1:Determination of dimensions of panels

MS 1787 Part 14, Wood-based panels - Part 14:Determination of formaldehyde content by

perforator method

MS 1787 Pat 15, Wood-based panels - Part 15: Determination of formaldehyde content by

desiccator method

ISO 21887, Durability of wood and wood-based products - Use classes

ISO 12466-1, Plywood - Bonding quality - Part 1: Test methods

ISO 12466-2, Plywood - Bonding quality - Part 2: Requirements

ISO 9001, Quality management systems - Requirements

3 Terms and definitions

For the purpose of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply.

3.1 bamboo culm

Aerial stem, usually hollow, having nodes and internodes, that grows from a bamboo shoot.

See Figure 1.

NOTE. The term culm is also known as pole or stem.

MTIB15TC1041R0

2 © STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2018 - All rights reserved

Figure 1. Bamboo culm

3.2 bamboo split

Bamboo piece made by a longitudinal cutting of a bamboo culm with outer (epidermis) and

inner layers remained. See Figure 2.

Figure 2. Bamboo split

3.3 bamboo strip

Thin and flat bamboo piece with rectangular cross section that is processed from bamboo split by removing the outer and inner layers. See Figure 3.

Figure 3. Bamboo strip

3.4 Diaphragm

A transversal tissue partition of the culm at the node, containing intensive interconnections of

vessels and sieve tubes.

MTIB15TC1041R0


3.5 dry conditions

Conditions in which the laminated bamboo products will attain an equilibrium moisture content

not exceeding12 % except for only a few weeks/year (e.g. ambient temperature of 20 °C and

relative humidity of 65 %).

NOTES:

1. Laminated bamboo products used in these conditions are considered as suitable forbiological

UseClass 1 of ISO 21887.

2. The laminated bamboo products, used under these conditions are appropriate for dry internal

applications except for extended direct exposure to water.

3.6 epidermis layer

The outer, non-vascular, non-sensitive layer of the skin, covering the true skin or corium.

3.7 humid conditions

Interior conditions or protected exterior end use conditions characterized by moisture content

in the materials corresponding to a temperature of 20 °C and relative humidity of the

surrounding air regularly exceeding 65 % and exceeding 85 % for only a few weeks of the year.

3.8 high-humid conditions

Interior conditions or protected exterior end use conditions, characterized by a moisture content

in the materials corresponding to a temperature regularly exceeding 30 °C and the relative

humidity of the surrounding air regularly exceeding 85 % or where there is an occasional risk

of wetting of the panel (but excluding submerging or hosing), or prolonged exposure to

weatherleading to higher equilibrium moisture content than in tropical dry/humid conditions

(≥18 %).

3.9 internode

Typically hollow region between two nodes of bamboo culm at which diameter and wall

thickness are defined.

3.10 node

Transverse diaphragm region located along the length of culm separating adjacent internodes.

3.11 thickness shrinkage

Reduction in wall thickness due to drying, which normally occurs at moisture content less than

fibre saturation point (30 %)

3.12 Vertical lamination

MTIB15TC1041R0


Bamboo strips that are glued together on the wide faces to form a panel. See Figure 4.

Figure 4. Vertical lamination

3.12 Horizontal lamination

Bamboo strips that are glued together on the narrowfaces (edges) to form a sheet. See Figure

5.

NOTE. The term sheet is normally used for thin panel.

Figure 5. Horizontal lamination

3.13 Laminated bamboo

Several layers of bamboo panels/sheets that are glued together to form a board, with each layer

being oriented either perpendicular or parallel to adjacent layers.

4 Material

4.1 Species

Any species can be used provided that the diameter, thickness and maturity of the bamboo

culm meet the minimum requirement of relevant standard or otherwise specified between

suppliers and manufacturers.

NOTE. Matured bamboo (usually 3 years and above) normally provides better properties for laminated

bamboo production.

4.2 Thickness and diameter

The bamboo culm shall have thickness of at least 8 mm and diameter of at least 80 mm.

NOTE. Smaller diameter and thinner bamboo culm usually give lower recovery rate.

MTIB15TC1041R0


4.3 Split Quality

Bamboo split shall be dried to 8–14%moisture content. Dried bamboo split shall have consistent

width and thickness throughout the length with a maximum variation of 5%.

4.4 Strip quality

Bamboo strip shall be graded according to Clause 5.2.

5 General Requirements for bamboo strips 5.1 General

Unless otherwise specified, bamboo strips shall be sorted based on straightness, uniform

thickness and squareness.

5.2 Grading

The grading shall be carried out on the final dimension of the bamboo strip. This standard

specifies two quality grades, Premium and Standard. Bamboo strips shall be graded according

to Table 1 for Appearance Quality requirements.

Table 1. Appearance quality requirements

Defects Quality grade

Premium Standard

Machining defects

unplaned part

surface Not allowed Not allowed

back Not allowed ≤ 5% of the length ≤ 30% of the width

knife mark/ chip mark/ burn mark

surface Not allowed allowed

back allowed allowed

Snipe surface Not allowed Not allowed

back Not allowed The deepest point ≤ 1 mm

Natural defects

split

surface Not allowed length of split ≤ 10 mm width of split < 1 mm

back Not allowed length of split ≤ 50 mm width of split < 1 mm

wane

Surface Not allowed allowed

Back Not allowed ≤ 5% of the length ≤ 30% of the width

Surface Not allowed Not allowed

MTIB15TC1041R0


worm hole/ borer hole >0.5 mm)

Back Not allowed Maximum 3 holes for every 1000 mm

pin hole (diameter≤0.5 mm)

Surface Not allowed ≤ 5 holes per 1000 mm

Back allowed allowed

wrinkling Surface Not allowed Not allowed

Back Not allowed Not allowed

Discolouration/ stain

Surface Not allowed allowed

Back allowed allowed

6 Manufacturing of laminated bamboo

6.1 Preparation of strips Bamboo split shall be cut from a matured bamboo culm.The splits shall be planed on either two or four sides to remove epidermis layer and nodes to obtain even thickness. The strips shall be treated either with preservative or by boiling, followed by drying to 8-14% moisture content. The treated bamboo strips shall be replaned on either two or four sides to final dimension.

NOTE. For economic consideration, the second planing (replaning) on the surfaces can be carried out

later, prior to the glue spreading.

6.2 Grading of strip

The bamboo strips shall be graded according to Table 1. For vertical lamination, any thickness of the strips can be accepted. For horizontal lamination, the bamboo strips shall be sorted for even thickness with variation of ± 1%.

6.3 Gluing

Any suitable adhesives may be used for gluing of bamboo strips. The most commonly used adhesive for interior applications are urea formaldehyde (UF), melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF) and polyvinyl acetate (PVAc). Phenol formaldehyde (PF) andphenol resorcinol formaldehyde (PRF) may be used for exterior applications. The adhesive spread rate shall be applied in accordance with manufacturer’s specifications.

6.4 Lay-up (construction)

The strips shall be arranged either in verticalor horizontal to produce a single panel or sheet

respectively.Panel/sheet may be laminated into multilayer constructions either by parallel or

cross laminations to obtain thicker structures.

6.4.1 Construction of singlepanel/sheet

6.4.1.1 Vertical lamination

The adhesive shall be spread on the wider surface of the bamboo strips. The strips shall be

assembled vertically with the width acts as the thickness of the board.

6.4.1.2 Horizontal lamination

The adhesive shall be spread on the edge surfaces of the bamboo strips. The strips shall be

assembled horizontally with the thickness acts as the thickness of the board.

MTIB15TC1041R0


The panel/sheet shall be clamped (for vertical lamination) or pressed (for horizontal lamination)

at specific pressure, time and temperature according to adhesive manufacturers specification.

6.4.2 Construction of multilayer laminated bamboo board

Multilayer laminated bamboo board can be constructed by using different arrangement of panel/

sheet layers. Generally there are three types of lamination;

6.4.2.1 Horizontal laminated structure

The bamboo sheet shall be arranged in parallel or perpendicular to the adjacent sheet into

several layers structures as shown in Figure 6.

a) Horizontal parallel b) Horizontal perpendicular

Figure 6. Horizontal laminated structure

6.4.2.2 Vertical laminated structure

The bamboo panel shall be arranged in parallel or perpendicular to the adjacent panel into


a) Vertical parallel b) Vertical perpendicular

Figure 7. Vertical laminated structure

6.4.2.3 Mixed laminated structure

The panel/ sheet shall be arranged in parallel or perpendicular to the adjacent panel /sheet into


The assemblies shall be pressed at specific pressure, time and temperature according to

adhesive manufacturer’s specifications.

MTIB15TC1041R0


a) Mixed parallel b) Mixed perpendicular

Figure 8. Mixed laminated structure

6.5 Conditioning

The laminated bamboo board shall be conditioned according to service conditions; dry, humid/ tropical dry and high humid.

6.6 Sanding

The laminated bamboo board shall be sanded with the tolerances specified in Clause 8.

7 Bonding Quality

Bonding quality shall be established by testing in accordance with the requirements of ISO 12466-1 and classified in accordance with ISO 12466-2. 7.1 Pre-treatment requirements Pre-treatment requirements for bonding classes 1, 2 and 3 i.e. in dry, tropical dry/humid and high humidity/exterior conditions respectively, are shown in Table 2.

Table 2. Pre-treatment requirements

Bonding class

Condition

Pre-treatment

Basic Additional

24 h cold soak

VP 6 h boil BDB 72 h boil

1 Dry

√ √ - - -

2 Tropical-dry/ humid

√ √ √ - -

3 High humid/ exterior

√ √ - √ √

NOTE. VP-vacuum pressure; BDB-Boiling, drying and boiling.

7.2 Bond integrity For all three classes, each glue line tested shall satisfy two criteria: the mean shear strength and the corresponding average apparent cohesive wood failure in Table 3. NOTES:

MTIB15TC1041R0


1. The use of ISO 12466 is only applicable to horizontal lamination for all board thicknesses, and vertical lamination only for board thickness ≤ 30mm. 2. Laminated bamboo for general purpose applications normally uses board of thickness ≤ 30mm. Board thickness of >30mm usually can be used in structural applications withproper lamination process.

Table 3. Glue line requirements

Mean shear strength, т (MPa) Average apparent cohesive bamboofailure (%)

т< 0.2

Fail

0.2 ≤ т 1.0

Not required

8 Dimensions and tolerances (board)

Unless stated otherwise by the manufacturer, dimensions of laminated bamboo are determined

in the conditions given in MS 1787: Part 1 and tolerance applied in the conditions are given in

Table 4.

Table 4. Tolerances

Dimensions in millimetres

Nominal

thickness (t)

Maximum deviation

between the mean

thickness of a

sanded panel and its

nominal thickness

Nominal

thickness

(t)

Maximum thickness

tolerance within one

panel sanded

≤ 4 + 0.2

- 0.4

≤ 12 0.4

> 4 + 0.8

- (0.3 + 3 % of t)

> 12 0.6

9 Formaldehyde Emission

Formaldehyde emission can be determined by either desiccator or perforator method. At least

95 % of the mean values of the individual panels shall be less than the maximum limit,

appropriate to the selected formaldehyde emission category stated in Table 5.

The perforator value may vary with moisture content of the laminated bamboo. Laminated

bamboo conditioned to constant mass at 20 0C and 65 % relative humidity has a moisture

content of about 6.5 %. When the perforator value of laminated bamboo is measured on test

piece which has not been conditioned, such as during production, the test result needs to be

adjusted to an appropriate factor determined by the tester. Details of the deviation shall be

included in the test report.

MTIB15TC1041R0


Table 5. Formaldehyde emission

Test methods Properties Formaldehyde

classes

Requirements

Option 1:

Dessicator method

(Refer to MS 1787:

Part 15)

Dessicator

value

-F****

-F***

-F**

-F*

Average

0.3 mg/l

0.5 mg/l

1.5 mg/l

5.0 mg/l

Max.

0.4 mg/l

0.7 mg/l

2.1 mg/l

7.0 mg/l

Option 2:

Perforator method

(Refer to MS 1787:

Part 14)

Perforator

value

-Class E1

-Class E2

≤ mg/100 g

>8 mg/100 g to 30 mg/100 g

10 Quality Control

10.1 General

The manufacturer shall establish document and maintain a factory production control system

to ensure that the products placed on the market conform to the stated performance

characteristics. The factory production control system shall consist of procedures, regular

inspections and test and/or assessments; the results shall be used to control raw and other

incoming materials or components, equipment, the production process and the product, and

shall be sufficiently detailed to ensure that conformity of the product is apparent.

If the manufacturer operates a factory production control system conforming to the

requirements of ISO 9001, and made specific to the requirements of this standard, the above

requirements are considered to be satisfied.

10.2 Record of documentation

The results of inspections, tests or assessments requiring action shall be recorded, as shall any

action taken. The action to be taken when control values or criteria have not been met shall be

recorded. Records shall be kept for at least two years, but shall also fulfill the regulatory system

and/or the legal requirements of the country concerned.

11 Marking, labelling and packaging

The marking and the additional information shall be marked on the products, label and

packaging or in the commercial documents.

The marking shall provide the following information:

MTIB15TC1041R0


a) The number of this Malaysian Standard, i.e. MS XXXX: XXXX;

b) The name/logo or code of the manufacturer;

c) The bonding class;

d) Species or species group;

e) Grade; and

f) The nominal dimension in millimetres;

And the optional marking are as follows:

a) Reference to the other quality systems (s), where applicable;

b) The quality label and the certification body, if any;

c) The batch number, or the production week and year, and

d) Supplementary properties (e.g. the formaldehyde release).

NOTES:

1. Further documents, if requested, will be provided by the manufacturer.

2. In case of cut-size panels, where the first purchaser is the user of the product and where he agrees

that marking (other than on the package) is unnecessary, the marking of such individual panels in

the package need not be undertaken.

MTIB15TC1041R0


Bibliography

MTIB15TC1041R0


Acknowledgements

Members of Technical Committee on Bamboo and Rattan

Dr Wan Tarmeze Wan Ariffin(Chairman) Forest Research Institute of Malaysia

Ms Mahsuri Mat Dris (Deputy chairman) Malaysian Timber Industry Board

Ms Nor Shahira Mat Nasir (Secretary)/ Mr Muhamad Basri Md Daud

Malaysian Timber Industry Board

Datuk Peter Nansian Nausie/ Mr Johner Hendry@Ajong

Association of Research and Development Movement of Singai Sarawak

Kapten Haji Kamarunsaman Awang/ Hj Abdul Karim Abdul Kadir

Bamboo Bio-Composite SdnBhd

Mr Mohd Rahim b rani/ Mr Mohd Jinis Abdullah

Forest Department of Peninsular Malaysia

Dr Mohd Khairun Anwar Hj. Uyup/ Dr Hamdan Husain


Ir Maj (R) Ahmad Mazlan/ Mr Raja Muhammad Khalis

Ihsan Team Consultants SdnBhd

Dr Clarence Chiat Lin/ Mr Tan HeeLun

Malaysian Wood Moulding Joinery & Council

En Low Kong Wah/ MsYoung Kam Han


Mr Johari Zainuddin/

Hj Hamzah Hj. Mohd Morshidi Sarawak Timber Industry Development Corporation

Prof Dr Zaidon Ashaari/ Associate Prof Dr Edi Suhaimi Bakar


Associate Prof Dr Mohd Ariff Jamaludin/ Dr Kamarulzaman Nordin

Universiti Teknologi MARA

Associate Prof Yusof Ahmad/ Prof Abd Latif b Saleh

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

Members of Working Group on Laminated Bamboo - Specification

Prof Dr Paridah Md Tahir (Chairman) Universiti Putra Malaysia

Ms Nor Shahira Mat Nasir /

Mr Muhamad Basri Md Daud (Secretary)


Kapten Haji Kamarunsaman Awang Bamboo Bio-Composite SdnBhd

Dr Mohd Tamizi Mustafa/

Dr Mohd Khairun Anwar Hj. Uyup

Ms Mahsuri Mat Dris/

Mr Mohd Zamakhsyary Mustapa




Mr Harith Ridzuan One-Tech (M) SdnBhd

Associate Prof Dr Edi Suhaimi Bakar Universiti Putra Malaysia

Dr Kamarulzaman Nordin Universiti Teknologi MARA

Documents

Standard - DRAFT MALAYSIAN MTIB15TC1041R0sda.mtib.gov.my/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/DMS-laminated... · 2018. 11. 2. · This Malaysian Standard establishes requirements for the specification