Standard 6The student will analyze the nature of

territorial and population growth and the impact of this growth in the early decades

of the new nation.

A

The Northwest Ordinance

• It established the precedent by which the U.S. would expand westward across North America by the admission of new states, rather than by the expansion of existing states.– The new states that were added were Ohio, Indiana, Michigan,

Illinois, Wisconsin, and Minnesota.• "Religion, morality, and knowledge" are "necessary to good

government and the happiness of mankind, schools and the means of education shall forever be encouraged.“– This means that the government was held responsible for the

education of its citizens.– This essentially creates a public schooling system in the territory

and promotes the creation of colleges and universities.

• Which was the first state to be created by the Enabling Act of 1802, which set forth the requirements for territories to achieve statehood?A. AlaskaB. HawaiiC. MichiganD. Ohio

The Northwest Ordinance and Slavery

• The ordinance prohibited slavery in the region• The banning of slavery in the territory had the

effect of establishing the Ohio River as the boundary between free and slave territory in the region between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River.– This becomes important later in American history

when the country continues to expand westward and the expansion of slavery becomes a bigger issue.

A map of the Northwest Territory

• The land in the Northwest Territories was ceded to the United States followingA. The defeat of Spanish colonies in the region.B. Great Britain’s defeat in the American

Revolution.C. The Indian removal that occurred after the

French and Indian War.D. The withdrawal of the French colonists following

the French Revolution.

B

Louisiana Purchase• The U.S. paid $15 million for

the purchase.• The purchase doubled the size

and the debt of the U.S.• Jefferson bought the land to

prevent the French from establishing themselves on the continent.

• Many people opposed the purchase because they felt that it made the federal government too powerful.

• St. Louis and New Orleans were included in the purchase.

• The Louisiana Purchase of 1803A. Pushed the Spanish below the Rio Grande in

North America.B. Resulted in increased conflict between the U.S.

and France.C. Resulted in the removal of all British military

forces from North America.D. Almost doubled the area of the U.S. and gave it

control of the Mississippi River.

• Napoleon was prompted to sell the Louisiana Territory to the United States becauseA. He had lost control of the revolution in France.B. He needed to raise money to wage war with

Great Britain.C. He had received an unfavorable ruling at the

Congress of Vienna.D. He feared US aggression should he fail to placate

Thomas Jefferson.

• Which of these caused the United States to grow the most?A. Land won from the Mexican WarB. The annexation of AlaskaC. The Louisiana PurchaseD. The Gadsden Purchase

Lewis and Clark• Meriwether Lewis and William Clark

led what was the first American overland expedition to the Pacific coast and back.– Sacagawea served as a guide and

interpreter.

• Originally intended to determine exactly what was obtained in the Louisiana Purchase, the expedition laid much of the groundwork for the Westward Expansion of the United States.

• The new knowledge they obtained about the Northwest's geography, natural resources, and native inhabitants sparked American interest in the west, and strengthened the nation's claim to the area.

• In their journey westward, Lewis and Clark traveled the furthest distance on which river?A. ColumbiaB. MississippiC. MissouriD. Snake

C

Reasons for the War of 1812

1. A series of trade restrictions introduced by Britain to impede American trade with France.

2. The impressment (forced recruitment) of U.S. citizens into the Royal Navy.

3. The British military support for American Indians who were offering armed resistance to the expansion of the American frontier to the Northwest.

4. An unstated but powerful motivation for the Americans was the desire to uphold national honor in the face of what they considered to be British insults.

• In the War of 1812, the United StatesA. Fought Mexico for territory in the Southwest.B. Gained the Florida territory from the Spanish.C. Fought France for control of the Louisiana

Territory.D. Responded to England’s attempts to restrict US

trade in Europe.

The Treaty of Ghent• The war was ended by the Treaty of Ghent on December 24,

1814.• The terms stated that fighting between the United States and

Britain would cease, all conquered territory was to be returned to the prewar claimant, the Americans were to gain fishing rights in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, and that both the United States and Britain agreed to recognize the prewar boundary between Canada and the United States.– Basically nobody gained anything from this war.

• The treaty ignored the grievances that led to war.– American complaints of Indian raids, impressment and blockades were

not mentioned in the treaty. The treaty proved to be merely an expedient to end the fighting.

• Which of these best describes the result of the Treaty of Ghent (1814)?A. The United States acquired Michigan.B. Canada became part of the British Empire.C. The United States agreed to stop stealing British

slaves.D. Seized lands were returned to their respective

countries.

The Battle of New Orleans• Unaware of the peace,

Andrew Jackson's forces moved to New Orleans, Louisiana in late 1814 to defend against a large-scale British invasion.

• Jackson defeated the British at the Battle of New Orleans.

• It was hailed as a great victory for the U.S., making Jackson a national hero and eventually propelling him to the presidency.

The Effects of the War of 1812

1. The U.S. ended the aboriginal threat on its western and southern borders.

2. The nation also gained a psychological sense of complete independence as people celebrated their "second war of independence.“

3. Nationalism soared after the victory at the Battle of New Orleans.

4. The opposition Federalist Party collapsed, and the Era of Good Feelings ensued.

5. The United States no longer questioned the need for a strong Navy.

D

Erie Canal• The Erie Canal is a

man-made waterway in New York that runs about 363 miles from Albany on the Hudson River to Buffalo at Lake Erie, completing a navigable water route from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes.

The Impact of the Erie Canal• It also increased trade throughout

the nation by opening eastern and overseas markets to Midwestern farm products and by enabling migration to the Great Lakes region and the West.

• The Erie Canal made an immense contribution to the wealth and importance of New York City.– Many of the immigrants to New

York at this time worked on the canal.

– Because the canal made migration to the West possible, New York City became a major entry point for many immigrants.

• After the Erie Canal was constructedA. Many people emigrated to the South.B. There was a significant recession in New York.C. Both trade and the number of jobs in New York

declined.D. New cities were built along the shores of the

Great Lakes.

E

The Monroe Doctrine

• The Monroe Doctrine was a United States policy which said that further efforts by European governments to colonize land or interfere with countries in the Americas would be viewed by the US as acts of aggression requiring US intervention.

The Monroe DoctrineReasons for:

• Its primary objective was to free the newly independent colonies of Latin America from European intervention and control.

• The doctrine advocated that the New World and the Old World were to remain distinctly separate spheres of influence.

• President Monroe claimed the United States of America, although only a fledgling nation at the time, would not interfere in European wars or internal dealings, and in turn, expected Europe to stay out of the affairs of the New World.

Importance of:

• It created a sphere of influence in the Western Hemisphere for the US.

• It was also an attempt by the US to assert its influence upon a part of the world.

• It was also a demonstration of the new American spirit of nationalism

• The Monroe Doctrine (1823) COULD have been used in response to which of these events?A. The French invasion of Mexico by Napoleon IIIB. The secession of South Carolina from the UnionC. The removal of Indian cultures from the

American westD. The war with Mexico for control of the American

southwest

• The Monroe Doctrine can be viewed as a moral opposition toA. RacismB. SlaveryC. CommunismD. Colonialism

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