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Staircase. Building Planning for Staircases. Relativity, 1953, M.C. ESCHER. Outline. Evolution of Staircases. Why do we need Staircase?. Staircase Terminology. Types of Staircases. Building Codes on Staircase. Universal Design of Staircase. Staircase Unlimited. Resources. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Building Planning for Staircases
Relativity, 1953, M.C. ESCHER
Evolution of Staircases
Why do we need Staircase? Staircase Terminology
Types of Staircases
Building Codes on StaircaseUniversal Design of
StaircaseStaircase Unlimited
Resources
“Staircases are one of the oldest building elements in architectural histories…reflecting the prevailing philosophies and symbolic language…”
- Staircases through history by Eva Jiricna
Angkor Wat Steps, Cambodia
Symbolic Meaning of Staircase
Paris Opera House by Charles Garnier, Beaux Arts Architecture Movement
Reflecting Architectural Movement
Glass Spiral Staircase at Apple Store , Boston
Staircase as a Lifestyle
“…to protect people from injury and to facilitate access during movement from one level to another in a building.”
- Building & Construction Authority (BCA) Acceptable Solutions – under Regulation 27 of the Building Control Regulations
Ver 3.01
handrails or guides to assist movement
landings to break a fall and provide a place for rest
sufficient headroom to avoid injury
barriers against falling from 1.0 m or more from an open side
Tread
Riser
Nosing
Staircase Terminology
Pitch line
Pitch
Min Headroom
Total rise
Total going
Staircase Terminology
Landing
Landing
Staircase TerminologyHandrail
Balustrade
Straight Flight Staircase
Straight two-flight stair with half-landing
Quarter-turn stair with landing
Dogleg stair with half-landing
Quarter-turn stair with winders
Spiral stair with central column
Circular stair with central well
No projection, other than handrails, is allowed in a staircasewithin a height of 2.0 m from the landing or pitch line.
2.0 m headroom
Pitch line
Handrail
Projection
Landing
Landing
The width of every staircase shall not be less than 900 mmThe width is measured from the inner side of the wall, balustrade or handrail.
Width of Staircase
900mm
900mm
900mm
The height of a riser shall not be more than 175 mm. The width of a tread shall not be less than 250 mmThe risers and treads within each flight of stairs shall be of uniform height and size.
Treadmin 250mm
Riser max
175mm
Risers & Treads
A landing shall be provided at every floor level and door opening.
An intermediate landing shall be provided in between floor levels at intervals of not more than 18 risers.
The length of any intermediate landing, measured in the directionof travel, shall not be less than 900 mm.
Landings of Staircase
min 900mm
min 900mm
The headroom of any staircase shall not be less than 2.0 m.
2.0 m headroom
Pitch line
Handrail
Headroom
Landing
Landing
A handrail shall be provided on at least one side of the flight ofstaircase.
The height of the handrail shall be between 750 mm and 900 mm above the pitch line.
A handrail need not be provided for a flight of not more than 5 steps.
A handrail may terminate at the landing and the ends of the handrail should be properly formed or rounded off so that they do not pose a danger to the user.
Handrail
Handrail
Pitch line
Between 750mm – 900mm
Protection from falling
Barrier
Pitch line
The height of a barrier shall not be less than 900mm
The size of any opening or gap in a barrier shall not be large enough as to permit the passage of a sphere of a diameter of 100 mm.
Any triangular opening or void formedaround a tread, riser and the bottom edge of the barrier, the size of any opening or gap shall not be large enough as to permit the passage of a sphere of a diameter of 150 mm
1o0mm
150mmMin
900mm
“design for all people”.
Universal Design
Uniform risers of maximum 150 mm and treads of minimum 300 mm
All steps shall be fitted with non-slip nosing strips between 50 mm and 65mm in width with permanent contrasting colours
Tactile strips should be provided at the start and end of every flight of stairs.
Treads & Risers
Width of Staircase & Landings
The width of stairs is to be of minimum width of 1200 mm and should be adjusted according to the expected flow of traffic.
Floor landings shall have a level platform of the same width as that of the stairs.
Width min 1200mm
landing min 1200mm
Handrails should be provided on both sides of the stairs and continuous throughout the entire length.
Handrail
Handrails shall extend at least 1 tread depth or 300 mm beyond the top and bottom step.
The height of the handrails is to be between 800 mm and 900 mm
Handrail
>300mm
800 - 900mm
After a maximum of 16 risers an intermediate landing should be provided.
Staircases of widths wider than 2300 mm should be separated by a handrail into segments between 1100 mm and 1800 mm.
Form
Feature Staircase at Lobby, New Majestic Hotel, Singapore
Material
Feature Staircase, Longchamp Retail Store in New York City
Detailing
Hanging Staircase, Apple Store, Beijing
Lighting
Staircase, Stadium Circle Line MRT Station