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2.5.2017
STAGE V REQUIREMENTS FOR OFF-ROAD ENGINES PEKKA NOUSIAINEN / AGCO POWER ENGINEERING
8TH CIMAC CASCADES
SEMINAR FOR YOUNG ENGINEERS
”SMART, CLEAN & EFFICIENT ENERGY CONVERSION SOLUTIONS”
MAY 4-5, 2017, HELSINKI
2.5.2017
TECHNOLOGY EVOLUTION Off-road Diesel engine evolution from 50´s till today
Power density (BMEP) increase, fuel consumption decrease
Breakthrough for electronic control and aftertreatment systems in 2000´s
1957 - 2017
2.5.2017
AGCO POWER CURRENT TECHNOLOGY Optimized base engine raw emissions & efficient DOC+SCR
DOC = Diesel Oxidation Catalyst
SCR = Selective Catalytic Reduction
ASC = Ammonia Slip Cat
2.5.2017
1
AGCO Corporation & AGCO Power 1
Applications 2
Stage V legislation 3
Stage V technology 4
Summary 5
2.5.2017
LEADING BRANDS
2.5.2017 6
AGCO CORPORATION
2.5.2017 7
Linnavuori, Finland
Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil
Changzhou, China
General Rodriguez, Argentina
AGCO POWER FOUR ENGINE FACTORIES
2.5.2017
1
AGCO Corporation & AGCO Power 1
Applications 2
Stage V legislation 3
Stage V technology 4
Summary 5
2.5.2017
AGCO POWER REFERENCES - TRACTORS
2.5.2017
AGCO POWER REFERENCES – AGRICULTURAL APPLICATIONS
2.5.2017
AGCO POWER REFERENCES – OTHER OFF-ROAD APPLICATIONS
2.5.2017
AGCO POWER APPLICATIONS LOAD PROFILES Huge variety in load profiles
o Exhaust gas
temperature variations
o Challenge for optimization of base engine and aftertreatment systems
T [degC]
2.5.2017
1
AGCO Corporation & AGCO Power 1
Applications 2
Stage V legislation 3
Stage V technology 4
Summary 5
2.5.2017
AGCO POWER EXHAUST EMISSIONS LEGISLATION Stage V particulate number (PN) limit *) forces to use Diesel Particulate Filter
0,7
0,6
0,5
0,4
0,3
0,2
0,1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
NOx [g/kWh]
Part
icu
late
s [
g/k
Wh
]
Stage V (2019)
*) = 1*1012 PN/kWh, for particles > 23 nm
2.5.2017
AGCO POWER EXHAUST EMISSIONS LEGISLATION Real Driving Emissions (RDE) monitoring in the field
o Continuous monitoring via sensors and actuators
o Stage V In-Service Monitoring
Will be performed in the field as a separate campaigns,
with customer vehicles
Measured with PEMS (NOx, CO, CO2 and HC) by the
engine manufacturer
Collected data will be evaluated by European
Commission, used as a guide for future legislation
PEMS = Portable Emissions Measurement System
2.5.2017
1
AGCO Corporation & AGCO Power 1
Applications 2
Stage V legislation 3
Stage V technology 4
Summary 5
2.5.2017
AGCO POWER ENGINEERING Stage V engine – integration of sophisticated base engine and aftertreatment systems – and the models
DOC models
SCR models
DPF models
Base control fuctions
Raw emission models
https://www.proventia.com/index.php?63
2.5.2017
AGCO POWER ENGINEERING / COMBUSTION DEVELOPMENT
New emission requirement – a new base engine combustion system development
2.5.2017
To
rqu
e
[Nm
]
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Engine sped [1/min]
1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
450
450
450
250250
250300
300
350
350
395
490
502
492
482471479509
544
583
AGCO POWER ENGINEERING / COMBUSTION DEVELOPMENT
To
rqu
e
[Nm
]
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Engine speed [1/min]
1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050 0.0500.050
0.033
0.036
0.036
0.032
0.0350.0250.0250.074
0.053
0.053
bSFC
T exhaust gas after turbo
To
rqu
e [
Nm
]
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Engine speed [1/min]
1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
9.0
9.0
9.0
8.2
8.2
8.5
8.5
8.5
8.5
8.5
7.8
7.8
8.1
8.4
8.2
8.6
9.09.49.28.9
10.2
10.7
Raw NOx
To
rqu
e
[Nm
]
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Engine speed [1/min]
1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
198
198198
198
200
200
200
200
205
205
205
205
210
210
210
220220
220
230230 230
270
270270
207
207
207
206
203201200202
203
206
Soot
Calibration
challenge
2.5.2017
AGCO POWER ENGINEERING / EXHAUST GAS AFTERTREATMENT
Exhaust Aftertreatment control requires state-of-the-art models
Example: Engine Raw Particulate emission model
NRTC cycle : Model vs. Measurement Field cycle : Model vs. Measurement
2.5.2017
AGCO POWER ENGINEERING / EXHAUST GAS AFTERTREATMENT Diesel Particulate Filter operating principle
1. Soot collection to walls of inlet channels
2. Soot regeneration Oxidation with NO2 (> ≈ 250°C) = Passive regeneration
– Takes place during normal operation
Oxidation with O2 (> ≈ 550°C) = Active regeneration
– Needs fuel injection to increase temperature
http://www.technology.matthey.com/wp-
content/uploads/articles/53/1/Twigg-53-
1-jan09-f4.jpg
2.5.2017
AGCO POWER ENGINEERING / EXHAUST GAS AFTERTREATMENT
AGCO Power Stage V EAT system (> 56 kW)
New components
DPF regeneration
Primary method: Passive regeneration during normal vehicle operation (> 250 °)
Secondary method: Stand-still active regeneration (> 550 °)
o Trigger from Δp and modelled DPF soot loading
DPF
2.5.2017
1
AGCO Corporation & AGCO Power 1
Applications 2
Stage V legislation 3
Stage V technology 4
Summary 5
2.5.2017
SUMMARY o AGCO Power develops and manufactures low
emission diesel engines for global off-road use
o Todays aftertreatment solution is DOC + SCR
o Base engine calibration is partly done with DOE tools
o Next emissions step is StageV (Europe), 2019
o Diesel Particualte Filter will be mandatory
o Sophisticated DPF regeneration and SCR controls are key to success (variation of applications load profiles & exhaust temps)
o Lots of high-tech models are used in the ECU
o Stage V will require effective emissions field monitoring
DOE = Design of Experiments
2.5.2017
STRENGTH
EXTREME