Stage 15:Roman

Religious Beliefs

And Celts:

Friend or Foe

Sacrifices & Presents to the Gods

Numina

Vota

Lares and Penates

Sacrifices and Presents to the Gods

What are some reasons ordinary citizens would offer sacrifices?

What kinds of animals would be sacrificed?

Divination and ominaharuspex

augures

Aphrodite

Artemis Dionysus Poseidon

Athena

ApolloHeraZeus

Ares

Demeter

HermesHephaestus

Venus

Mars

Ceres Bacchus NeptuneDiana

MercuryJunoJupiterVulcan

Minerva

Apollo

The Roman State Religion

The Roman State Religion

College of Priests

Arval Brotherhood

Pontifex Maximus

Religion and Romanization

• Rome’s Policy on other religions

• Mergers

• Emperor worship

• Genius

• Deification

• Assimilation

Astrology

horoscopos

Pisces

Aries

TaurusGemini

Cancer

Leo

VirgoLibra

Scorpio Sagittarius Capricorn

Aquarius

Celts: Friend or FoeThe Romans at times tended to force their beliefs and culture upon its conquered citizens.

They built a road straight through the sacred lands of the Celts just outside of Aqua Sulis

When Rome invaded Britain there were two types of British rulers: those who resisted Roman rule, like Queen Boudica; and those who chose to cooperate, like Cogidubnus.

DruidsThe Druids put up the most resistance of all the British tribes or leaders. They were considered to be the leaders of the Celtics, but not many rulers heeded their advice to resist or be conquered.

DruidsThe Druids perhaps envisioned their way of life being overtaken by the Romans. Though Rome allowed freedom of religion, they did not like Druidism because of the rumored human sacrifices. So, Rome did everything it could to halt Druidic practices. The Druids fought back as best as they could, but eventually the Roman legions win.

Druids at Stonehenge

Romans defeating Druids

Wicker man created by Druids for human sacrifice

Boudica

Boudica

The only warrior queen to resist the Roman supremacy.

Eventually she was defeated in battle and instead of surrendering herself to the Romans, she committed suicide.

Boudica’s Statue at Westminster

Cogidubnus

Cogidubnus

Cogidubnus

This king, instead of resist, decided to enjoy all that Rome offered and publically declared his loyalty to Rome.

The Romans rewarded him with wealth, lands, and slaves.

He dedicated a temple to honor his new allies.

Complete Workbook Exercise 15.9