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Staff Capacity-Building in the Era of
Internationalization: Case Study of APQN
APQN President: Prof. Dr. Jianxin Zhang
Cebu, Philippines ; March 7, 2018
The 31st Annual National Conference of the Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges & Universities in the Philippines (AACCUP)
Staff Capacity-Building in the Era of
Internationalization: Case Study of APQN
1. Global Challenges in HE Quality at the Era of Internationalization
2.APQN International Staff Capacity-Building
C O
NT
EN
TS
3. APQR: Regional/ International
Accreditation of Internationalization
4 Principles of McDonaldization
12 years ago, it make McDonald’s invincible & extend all over the globe: “Wolf’s Coming”, a famous story in China
Social McDonaldization by George Ritzer in
2006 : “Count McDonald's No., then you
know how widely internationalization
expands.
McDonaldization to 4 basic principles:
- efficiency
- calculation
- predictability
- inhuman control
Globalization a Blessing or a Disaster for developing
countries?
Internationalization & localization
•Can they be the integration?
•What are the standards? European standard?
•Equal for non-English-speaking countries? …
the
occidental
countries are
the only
academic
referee
HE in
developing
countries is
in an unfair
position … …
HE is likely
to become
a vassal
state of
occidental
influence
play the
potential
“emissary”
roles for the
occidental
culture
knowledge
system
tendency of
intern. flow Educat. reform
system
Returnees
abroad
Disadvantages of Internationalization Trend
Globalization in all its Diverse Forms has Shifted our own Life
One single book:
- Paper in China
- Printing in Singapore
- Printing presses in Germany
& Japan
- Typesetting in India
- Inks in Switzerland
- Being Authored in USA
- Course to all the globe
Prof. Matthew Sparke in
the Course of
“Globalization & YOU”
Cross-Board Higher Education(CBHE)
HE internationalization: Not only an activity, a program, but more a process, & a tendency of human development
CBHE, an important form of HE
internationalization: the MOBILITY of
students, academic staff, programmes
/institutions & professionals
Make easily accessible a list of those
institutions which they have quality
assured.
Quality Assurance of Cross-
border Higher Education
(QACHE)
Key Findings: QACHE Vicious Cycle
1. Lack of information about & knowledge of different agencies’
approaches & national frameworks
2. “Trust gap” between sending & receiving countries about the
quality of CBHE,
3. Low levels of cooperation amongst QAAs in the QA of CBHE
4. Sheer diversity of approaches & regulatory frameworks for inbound
or outbound CBHE within & across the regions
5. …
Definitions of Capacity Development
“A process that focuses
on enhancing the skills,
knowledge & social
capabilities available to
individuals, social &
political systems” (UN)
Environment
Organization
Individual
3 Levels of Capacity (United Nations Development Programme), 1998
Created by the UN in the 1970s - we used to talk about Institutional building.
The notion of Capacity Building became more wide-spread in the 1990s, & it
refers more to individuals (UN agencies, conferences etc.)
Aspects of Institutional Capacity
Human
Resources
(i.e. individuals)
Intra-
organizational
capacity
Inter-
organizational
capacity
External
institutional rules
UNESCO-IICBA Capacity Building framework
UNESCO- IICNBA(International Institute for Capacity Building in Africa)
Capacity Building Matrix
APQN’s 3 Levels of Cooperation Network
Global (UNESCO, WB)
Interregional ( INQAAHE, ANQAHE…)
Inner-regional (APQN Members, QAAs, HEIs…)
2 Levels of APQN Capacity Building
Nearly all cooperation have been built in
the basis of willingness. Organizations
& APQN achieve the willingness to
cooperate & lay a solid foundation for
working together by common
statements & signing agreements.
Five kinds of practice have been
conducted to further enhance the
cooperation.
CB Willingness of Cooperation
节制意识
Higher Education Quality Assurance Principles
for the Asia Pacific Region (Chiba Principles)
“The Bengaluru Statement-2016
Memorandum of Cooperation (MoC)
Memorandum of Understanding (MoU)
CB
Common
Declaration
Cooperation
Agreement
APQN has signed over 20 MoCs &
MoUs with all kinds of organizations
& agencies
APQN Practice of Capacity Building
5 CB Practices
Cooperation Projects
Staff
Capacity Training
Staff
Capacity building
QA Consulta
nt
Database
QA
Capacity
Tools
2. Staff Capacity Training
0
5
10
15
20
25
InternatioalConference
Workshop ResearchProject
Online Forum
25
23 22
6
(Ev
en
ts)
(Activity Type)
APQN has organized 76 events from 2004 to 2017
3. Staff Capacity building
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
60
11
6 7
5
15
38
12
2 2 3
(p
ers
on)
(year)
Until 2017, 161 persons have participated in APQN staff movement
according to the statistics
4. Development of QA Capacity Tools
• “Toolkit of Assessing Quality in Higher Education: Information Package for
Reviewers’ supporting from UNESCO through GIQAC funds.
• Translated book “Cross-Border Higher Education: the Road towards
Capacity Building”
• Book of “Assessing Quality in HE ”
• “the Revision of Higher Education Quality Assurance Principles for the Asia
Pacific Region (Chiba Principles)”
• Higher Education Evaluation & Development (HEED).jointly published by
HEEACT & APQN by a worldwide renowned publisher, Emerald Publishing.
Based in UK.
5. Construction of QA Consultant Database
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Arg
enti
na
Aust
rali
a
Aust
ria
Bah
rain
Bel
giu
m
Bo
snia
an
d H
erze
go
vin
a
Bo
tsw
ana
Cam
bo
dia
Can
ada
Ch
ile
Ch
ina
Cze
ch R
epu
bli
c
Egy
pt
Eth
iop
ia
Fin
lan
d
Fra
nce
Ger
man
y
Ghana
Hon
gko
ng
Hun
gar
y
India
Iran
Irel
and
Isra
el
Jam
aica
Japan
Kaz
akhst
an
Ken
ya
Lat
via
Leb
ano
n
Lib
ya
Lit
huan
ia
Mal
aysi
a
Mal
div
es
Mex
ico
Mo
rocc
o
Net
her
lan
ds
New
Zea
lan
d
Nig
eria
Om
an
Pak
ista
n
Pal
esti
ne
Ph
ilip
pin
es
Po
land
Qat
ar
Ru
ssia
Sau
di
Ara
bia
Slo
ven
ia
So
uth
Afr
ica
spai
n
Sw
itze
rlan
d
taiw
an
Tri
nid
ad a
nd T
obag
o
Unit
ed A
rab
Em
irat
es
Unit
ed K
ing
dom
US
A
(person)
(country)
In 2008, APQN cooperated with INQAAHE & the Arab Network for Quality
Assurance in Higher Education (ANQAHE) to develop Consultant Database: 188
experts & consultants
Focus on QAA’s Capacity Building : The Asia
Pacific Quality Register (APQR)
1) inspirational target ; 2) quality hallmark; 3)
Basis for cross‐border education…
Certification Association “Russian Register”
Focus on HEIs’ Capacity Building: APQN
Quality Label (APQL):Accreditation of
Internationalization
• To establish the internationalization criteria of first-class HEIs
or Programmes in Asia-Pacific Region;
• To promote the international mobility of students, faculty,
programs, researchers, projects, exchanges of HEIs…
A Long, long way to go for QA Capacity
Development at the Era of Internationalization
Intro IQA Theory
SAR Writing
Finalizing SER
Intro EQA Theory
Peer Training
Preparing Site Visits
QA
Ca
pa
city D
eve
lop
me
nt
Site
Vis
its
EQA: Quality Assurance Agencies(QAAs)
IQA: Higher Education Institutions(HEIs)
APQN Quality Label (APQL):
Regional/International Accreditation
of Internationalization(Case Study)
3
Background: Seek for Quality
1. Quality of HEIs:
responsibility & task of HEIs
2. QAAs contribute to this quality through evaluation & accreditation
3. Quality label: the proof HEIs met the QA criteria of the First-Class in the world.
Purpose of APQL
• To establish the internationalization criteria of
first-class HEIs or Programmes in Asia-Pacific
Region
• To establish the standardization of the quality
assurance system of internationalization in Asia-Pacific
Region.
To promote the international mobility of students, faculty,
programs, researchers, projects, exchanges of HEIs in
Asia-Pacific Region & even the whole globe
1
2
3
IV. Process of Quality Label
1. Expression of interest(EoI) by the HEI / programme
2. Acceptance of eligibility by the APQL Committee
3. Self-Evaluation Report(SER) by the HEI / program
4. Desk Review of SER by the APQN Quality Label review panel
5. On-Site Visit by the APQN review panel: 1) Validation of SER; 2) Qualitative & quantitative evaluation
6. Finalizing the external review report by the APQN review panel & approved by the HEI / programme
7. Outcome by the APQL Committee
Evaluation Process
Self-Evaluation
Compiling,
Documentation,
corrective action
& strategic
planning
On-Site
Evaluation
•3 days
Evaluation
Report
Documents
Assessor
findings
Criteria & Indicators of Quality Label
Criterion Indicator 1. International
Mission & policy
1.1 Policy of internationalization
1.2 System of internal quality assurance (IQA)
2. Organization &
administration
2.1 Organization
2.2 Administration
3.International
Mobility
3.1 Mobility of programs
3.2 Student mobility
3.3 Staff mobility
4.Student Support 4.1 Availability of scholarships & investments
4.2 Human resources
4.3 extracurricular activities
5.Student Learning
Outcomes (SLO)
5.1 Academic performance & qualification
5.2 Graduate
5 criteria, 12 indicators & 34 review points
Reference: Indicators for HE internationalization
Index
system
Core
Indicators
International Indicators Indicators in China
IQRP APQN ACE-
GIGE
Osaka
University
China’s
Research
Univ.
Guangdong
education
office
Southwest
Jiaotong
Univ.
CUA
A
University’s Backg. √
Policy & Strategy √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Organization √ √ √ √ √ √
Curriculum & Teaching √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Scientific Research √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Student √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Faculty √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
International cooperation √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Research Fund √ √ √
International reputation √ √
International Alumni √
Infrastructure √ √ √ √
Innovation base √
Special Program √
IQRP: Internationalization Quality Review Process(国际化质量评审过程) IMHE: international management in higher education(国际高等教育管理机构); ACE:American Council on Education (美国教育理事会); CIGE:Center for Internationalization & Global Engagement (国际化与全球参与中心)
Format for Expression of Interest (EOI)
I. Applicant details Full legal name of the HEI
Legal address of the provider/owner
Year of establishment
Website
II. Contact person for this application
Title Family name Given name(s)
Position
Address
Email Phone
III. Declaration of Eligibility, Authorisation & Permission
I Declare This Application Is Submitted With The Full Authority Of The Provider And/Or Institution Seeking An APQL
Review
I Declare That The Information Contained In This EOI Is True & Accurate, As At The Application Date, & That It Does
Not Contain Any False Or Misleading Information
Signature: Seal Of The HEI:
Date:
Iv.Basic Information about the HEI (Max 800 Words)
V. Motivation For Seeking A Review (max 800 words)
VI. Proposed Review Schedule (review time, venue, etc.)
Quantitative Information on the APQL
S/N International item year No. (%)
1 Staff abroad over one year in recent 5 years
2 Annual budget for international affairs & activities
3 Current staff with PHD degree abroad
4 International staff
5 International students
6 Students with international scholarship
7 Exchange staff
8 Exchange students
9 International programmes
10 International original courses
11 Courses taught in foreign languages
12 Co-operational HEIs abroad
13 Co-operational agencies abroad
14 International projects
15 International summer schools in the HEI
16 International conferences in the HEI
17 International clubs, students unions, etc.in the HEI
18 Books published in foreign languages
19 Papers published in foreign languages
20 International graduates
21 Graduate employment abroad
22 (Other items which the HEI thinks it is crucial)
Qualitative Methods: SWOT Analysis
STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES
Strengths: Attributes
(resources & capabilities) of
the HEI that can be helpful
for achieving its objectives.
Weaknesses: Attributes the
HEI that may be a limiting
factor/ detrimental to
achieving its objectives.
OPPORTUNITIES THREATS
Opportunities: External
conditions/factors that may
help the HEI to achieve its
objectives or provide
opportunities to improve its
performance.
Threats: External
conditions/factors (or
change in external
conditions) that could
damage the performance
of the QAA.
Schedule of Review Visit Day Time Activity
Day 1 12:00-18:00 Registration of the peer reviewers
19:00-21:00 The 1st meeting of the review panel:
Day 2
8:30-11:00 APQL Review Meeting:
11:00-12:00 Showing around the HEI
12:30 Lunch
14:30-16:30 1. Presentation; 2.Observation; 3. Interviews
16:30-18:00 1.Observation ;2. The 2rd private meeting of the panel
18:00 Dinner
Day 3
8:30-9:30 1. Presentation ;2. Interviews
9:30-10:30 1. administrators Focus-group; 2. Student Focus-group
10:30-12:00 1. Observation; 2.Focus-group ;3.Skype
12:30 Lunch
14:30-16:30 1.Exsibition ofsloS ; 2. Interviews with the graduates
16:30-18:00 1. Visiting ; 2. Interviews
18:00 Dinner
20:00-21:00 The 3rd meeting of the review panel
Day 4
8:30-10:30 The 4th meeting of the review panel
10:30-11:30 Briefing & Wrap-up Meeting
12:30 lunch
14:30-18:00 Report Writing
Cost of the Review
Note: Air fare & accommodation & all related expenses are to be borne by
the applicant agency directly. Additional expenses may include the costs of
visas & ground transport unless reviewers agree to pay for these
themselves.
Item Amount USD 1 Services of APQN Administration for APQN Quality Label(APQL) 3000 2 Services of Local QAA for administrative works 1500 3 Honorarium for three reviewers(one reviewer 250 USD per day x
4 days) 3000
Total(USD) 6000
I
(Improvement)
R (Results)
D (Deployment)
A (Approach)
APQL: a Continuous Quality Improvement Cycle
The Decision
Fully achieved
Substantially achieved
Partially achieved
Non‐achieved
The review result will be valid for a period of five years.