STAAD.Pro 2006

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STAAD.Pro2006GETTINGSTARTEDANDTUTORIALSABentleySolutionsCenterwww.reiworld.comwww.bentley.com/staadPartNumber:DAA063980-1/0001STAAD.Pro2006isasuiteofproprietarycomputerprogramsofResearchEngineers,aBentleySolutionsCenter.Althougheveryefforthasbeenmadetoensurethecorrectnessoftheseprograms,REIwillnotacceptresponsibilityforanymistake,errorormisrepresentationinorasaresultoftheusageoftheseprograms.RELEASE2006©2006BentleySystems,Incorporated.AllRightsReserved.PublishedJuly,2006AboutSTAAD.ProSTAAD.Proisageneralpurposestructuralanalysisanddesignprogramwithapplicationsprimarilyinthebuildingindustry-commercialbuildings,bridgesandhighwaystructures,industrialstructures,chemicalplantstructures,dams,retainingwalls,turbinefoundations,culvertsandotherembeddedstructures,etc.Thepro

gramhenceconsistsofthefollowingfacilitiestoenablethistask.1.Graphicalmodelgenerationutilitiesaswellastexteditorbasedcommandsforcreatingthemathematicalmodel.Beamandcolumnmembersarerepresentedusinglines.Walls,slabsandpaneltypeentitiesarerepresentedusingtriangularandquadrilateralfiniteelements.Solidblocksarerepresentedusingbrickelements.Theseutilitiesallowtheusertocreatethegeometry,assignproperties,orientcrosssectionsasdesired,assignmaterialslikesteel,concrete,timber,aluminum,specifysupports,applyloadsexplicitlyaswellashavetheprogramgenerateloads,des

ignparametersetc.2.Analysisenginesforperforminglinearelasticandpdeltaanalysis,finiteelementanalysis,frequencyextraction,anddynamicresponse(spectrum,timehistory,steadystate,etc.).3.Designenginesforcodecheckingandoptimizationofsteel,aluminumandtimbermembers.Reinforcementcalculationsforconcretebeams,columns,slabsandshearwalls.Designofshearandmomentconnectionsforsteelmembers.4.Resultviewing,resultverificationandreportgenerationtoolsforexaminingdisplacementdiagrams,bendingmomentandshearforcediagrams,beam,plateandsolidstresscontours,etc.

5.Peripheraltoolsforactivitieslikeimportandexportofdatafromandtootherwidelyacceptedformats,linkswithotherpopularsoftwaresfornicheareaslikereinforcedandprestressedconcreteslabdesign,footingdesign,steelconnectiondesign,etc.6.AlibraryofexposedfunctionscalledOpenSTAADwhichallowsuserstoaccessSTAAD.Pro’sinternalfunctionsandroutinesaswellasitsgraphicalcommandstotapintoSTAAD’sdatabaseandlinkinputandoutputdatatothird-partysoftwarewrittenusinglanguageslikeC,C++,VB,VBA,FORTRAN,Java,Delphi,etc.

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Thus,OpenSTAADallowsuserstolinkin-houseorthird-partyapplicationswithSTAAD.Pro.AbouttheSTAAD.ProDocumentationThedocumentationforSTAAD.Proconsistsofasetofmanualsasdescribedbelow.Thesemanualsarenormallyprovidedonlyintheelectronicformat,withperhapssomeexceptionssuchastheGettingStartedManualwhichmaybesuppliedasaprintedbooktofirsttimeandnew-versionbuyers.AllthemanualscanbeaccessedfromtheHelpfacilitiesofSTAAD.Pro.UserswhowishtoobtainaprintedcopyofthebooksmaycontactResearchEngineers.REIalsosuppliesthemanualsinthePDFformatatnocostforthosewhowishtoprintthemontheirown.Seethebackcoverofthisbookforaddressesandphonenumbers.GettingStartedandTutorials:ThismanualcontainsinformationonthecontentsoftheSTAAD.Propackage,computersystemrequirements,installationprocess,copyprotectionissuesandadescriptiononhowtoruntheprogramsinthepackage.Tutorialsthatprovidedetailedandstep-by-stepexplanationonusingtheprogramsarealsoprovided.ExamplesManualThisbookoffersexamplesofvariousproblemsthatcanbesolvedusingtheSTAAD

engine.Theexamplesrepresentvariousstructuralanalysesanddesignproblemscommonlyencounteredbystructuralengineers.GraphicalEnvironmentThisdocumentcontainsadetaileddescriptionoftheGraphicalUserInterface(GUI)ofSTAAD.Pro.Thetopicscoveredincludemodelgeneration,structuralanalysisanddesign,resultverification,andreportgeneration.TechnicalReferenceManualThismanualdealswiththetheorybehindtheengineeringcalculationsmadebytheSTAADengine.ItalsoincludesanexplanationofthecommandsavailableintheSTAADcommandfile.InternationalDesignCodes

ThisdocumentcontainsinformationonthevariousConcrete,Steel,andAluminumdesigncodes,ofseveralcountries,thatareimplementedinSTAAD.ThedocumentationfortheSTAAD.ProExtensioncomponent(s)isavailableseparately.Part-IGettingStartedSystemRequirementsInstallationStart-up

TableofContents1.Introduction12.HardwareRequirements2

3.ContentsoftheSTAAD.ProCD44.Installation75.CopyProtectionDevice166.RunningSTAAD.Pro187.RunningSTAAD.etc208.RunningSectionwizard219.RunningSTAAD.foundation2210.RunningMesher23

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1.IntroductionSTAAD.Proisananalysisanddesignsoftwarepackageforstructuralengineering.Thismanualisintendedtoguideuserswhoarenewtothissoftwareaswellasexperienceduserswhowantspecificinformationonthebasicsofusingtheprogram.Part-Iofthismanualdescribesthefollowing:•HardwareRequirements•ContentsoftheSTAAD.ProCD•Installation•CopyProtectionDevice•RunningSTAAD.ProPartIIofthismanualcontainstutorialsonusingSTAAD.Pro.Thetutorialsguideauserthroughtheprocessesof:•Creatingastructuralmodel.Thisconsistsofgeneratingthestructuralgeometry,specifyingmemberproperties,materialconstants,loads,analysisanddesignspecifications,etc.•Visualizationandverificationofthemodelgeometry•RunningtheSTAADanalysisenginetoperformanalysisanddesign•Verificationofresults-graphicallyandnumerically•Reportgenerationandprinting•Inter-operability.Inotherwords,usingSTAAD.ProinconjunctionwithotherprogramscreatedbyREI,suchas

STAAD.etc.SystemRequirements,InstallationandStart-up22.HardwareRequirementsThefollowingrequirementsaresuggestedminimums.Systemswithincreasedcapacityprovideenhancedperformance.•PCwithIntel-Pentiumorequivalent.•Graphicscardandmonitorwith1024x768resolution,256colordisplay(16bithighcolorrecommended).•128MBRAMorhigher.•WindowsNT4.0orhigheroperatingsystem.Windows95,Windows98&WindowsMearenolongersupported.TheprogramworksbestonWindows2000andXPoperating

systems.•Sufficientfreespaceontheharddisktoholdtheprogramanddatafiles.Thediskspacerequirementwillvarydependingonthemodulesyouareinstalling.Atypicalminimumis500MBfreespace.•Amulti-mediareadysystemwithsoundcardandspeakersisneededtorunthetutorialmoviesandslideshows.Note:AdditionalRAM,diskspace,andvideomemorywillenhancetheperformanceofSTAAD.Pro.StartingwithSTAAD.ProVersion2001,thesizeofstructuresthattheprogramcanhandlehasbeenincreasedsignificantly.Asaresultofthis,theminimumamountofphysical+virtualmemoryrequiredbytheprogramalsohasincreasedtoover600MB.Users

mayneedtoensurethatadequateamountsofvirtualmemoryareavailable,andinWindowsNTand2000systems,parameterssuchaspagingfilesizesshouldbelargeenoughorspanovermultipledrivesifthefreespaceonanyonedriverunslow.Anotherissuetokeepinmindisthelocationofthe“TEMP”parameterasinthe“SETTEMP”environmentvariableinWindowsNTand2000systems.Whileperformingcalculations,dependingonthestructuresize,theprogrammaycreategiganticscratchfileswhichareplacedinthefolderlocationassociatedwithSystemRequirements,InstallationandStart-up

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3the“TEMP”parameter.Usersmaywishtopointthe“SETTEMP”variabletoafolderonadrivethathasdiskspacesufficientlylargetoaccommodatetherequirementsforlargesizestructures.Note:TheusermusthaveabasicfamiliaritywithMicrosoftWindowssystemsinordertousethesoftware.SystemRequirements,InstallationandStart-up43.ContentsoftheSTAAD.ProCDTypically,astartupscreenappearswhentheCDisplacedinthedrive.Ifitdoesnot,youmayinitiateitbyrunningSPROCD.EXElocatedattherootfolderoftheCD(ThiscanbedonebyclickingonthefilenamedSPROCD.EXEfromWindowsExplorer).TheSPROCDTitlescreenappearsasshowninFigure1.Figure1:TheSPROCDTitleScreenThechoicesofferedbytheTitlescreenaredescribedbelow:InstallSTAADStructuralSuiteThisistheinstallationmodulecontainingtheprogramsSTAAD.ProVersion2006,STAAD.etc,SectionwizardandSTAAD.foundation.STAAD.etcisaprogramthatenablesdesignofSystemRequirements,InstallationandStart-up5structuralcomponentssuchasbaseplates,boltgroups,cantileverretainingwalls,rectangularfootings,etc.Sectionwizardisa

programforcalculatingpropertiessuchasarea,momentsofinertia,sectionmodulii,torsionalconstants,etc.,ofvariouscrosssections.STAAD.foundationisaprogramfordesigningreinforcedconcretepilecapsandpilegroups,matfoundations,individualfootings,etc.InordertouseSTAAD.etc,SectionwizardandSTAAD.foundationtotheirfullcapability,usersmusthavepurchasedthemasadditionalitemsofsoftware.Intheabsenceofavalidlicensetousethem,thosemoduleswillworkonlyinademonstrationmode.Theinstallationprocedureisexplainedindetailinthenextsection.ViewSTAAD.ProManualsThistakestheusertoanotherscreenwhichdisplayslinksto

variousSTAAD.Promanuals.Note:STAAD.beamisnotapartoftheSTAAD.Profamilyofproducts.Youneedtopurchaseitseparately.InstallSTAAD.beamSTAAD.beamisautilitytypeofprogramfordesigningsimplesteelbeams.Itsusefulnessliesinitseaseofuse,anditsabilitytocreatereportsofthedetailedcalculationsthatgoesintothedesignofmembersperstandardcodeslikeAISCASDandAISCLRFD.ExitExitstheSPROCDprogram.AllonlinedocumentationthatcomeswiththeprogramiscreatedinHTMLformat.ThesemaybeaccessedusinganyInternetbrowsersuchasMicrosoft’sInternetExplorerorNetscapeNavigator.

Asetofmulti-mediamovieswhichdemonstratetheprocedureforusingSTAAD.Proareaccessibleafterinstallingtheprogram.TheySystemRequirements,InstallationandStart-up6canbeaccessedfromtheHelpmenuofthemainscreenoftheprogram.Thesetoocanbeviewedusingawebbrowser.SystemRequirements,InstallationandStart-up74.InstallationIfyoureceiveadocumenttitledInstallationNotes,itwill

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supercedeallotherrelatedinstructions.CloseallapplicationsbeforeinstallingSTAAD.Pro.Typically,astartupscreenappearswhentheCDisplacedinthedrive.Ifitdoesnot,youmayinitiateitbyrunningSPROCD.EXElocatedattherootfolderoftheCD(ThiscanbedonebyclickingonthefilenamedSPROCD.EXEfromWindowsExplorer).ForanexplanationofthedifferentfacilitiesofferedbytheSPROCDprogram,pleaserefertotheprevioussection.Note:InWindowsNT,Windows2000,andWindowsXPsystems,youhavetologinwithadministrativerightsbeforecommencinginstallation.Tocommenceinstallation,selecttheoptionnamedInstallSTAADStructuralSuite.StandardinstallationprocedureavailablewithanysoftwarerunningonMicrosoftWindowsisfollowedandhenceisself-explanatory.Userswhoareinstallingthecommercialversionoftheprogramwillencounterthefollowingscreen.SystemRequirements,InstallationandStart-up8Figure2:CustomerInformation&SerialNumberIfyouhaveanolderversionofSTAAD.Proinstalledinthemachine,theserialnumberinformationwillshowupautomaticallyinthisdialogbox.IfSTAAD.proisbeinginstalledforthefirsttimeinthemachine,theboxwillbeblank.Inthatcaseyouwill

havetoentertheserialnumberprovidedintheCDcase.IfyouareunderBantleySelectContract,thenthereisanoptionforconfirmingthatyouwillbeusingaBentleySELECTLicensebyclickinginthecheckboxtitled‘IamunderBentleySelectContract’.Thiswillprovidetheserialnumberthatisrequiredforthismethodofsecurityonly.Whenthecheckboxisclicked,thefollowingconfirmationmessageboxisdisplayed.SystemRequirements,InstallationandStart-up9Figure2a:CustomerInformationOneoftheinitialscreensyouwillencounteristheoneshowninFigure3.Itpertainstothetypeofsoftwaresecuritysystemthat

youpurchasedwithSTAAD.Pro.SELECTXMsystemreferstoBentley’sSELECTServerbasedlicensingsystem.ALocalSecuritygenerallyreferstoahardwarelock,whichisanadapterlikedevicethatisplacedontheparallelorUSBportofyourcomputer.Itcouldalsobeasoftwarebasedsystem(insteadofahardlock),inwhichcase,itwillbeasoftwarelicensewhichbindsSTAAD.Protothespecificcomputeryouareinstallingiton.NetworkSecurityreferstoasystemthatsupportssimultaneousmultiple-useraccess.Aseparateinstructiondocumentcontainingthestepsfornetworkinstallationsisprovidedtouserswhohaveoptedforthislattertype.Pleaserefertothefile"Quickstart.pdf"locatedintheCDforfurtherdescriptionofthesesystems.

SystemRequirements,InstallationandStart-up10Figure3:SelectionofsecuritysystemtypeIfyouhavepurchasedSELECTXMlicensefortheproducts,pleaserefertoQuickStart&TroubleshootingGuidetounderstandhowtoinstallandconfigureSELECTXMlicenses.IfyoudonothaveSELECTXMlicenseinformation,youcanstillchosethe“SELECTXMLicense”optionduringinstallation.ProgramwillruninTrialModefor15daysandyoushouldcompletetheSELECTXM

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Licenseconfigurationwithinthatperiod.IfyouchoseLocalSecurity,youareaskedtoselectthetypeofhardwarelocksuppliedtoyou,orthesoftwarelicenseifthatisapplicable.Thenameofthelockisengravedonthecoverofthelock.MakesurethetypeoflockyouchoosefromFigure4matchesthatname.Thisisabsolutelynecessarytoensurethattheprogramfunctionstoitsfullcapacity.SystemRequirements,InstallationandStart-up11PleasenotethatifyoudonothavealicenseforSTAAD.etc,Sectionwizardand/orSTAAD.foundation,theywillworkonlyintheDemonstrationmode.Figure4:SelectionofLocalSecuritytypeYoumayinstalltheprograminanyfolderofyourchoice.Adefaultfoldernameissuppliedtoyou.SystemRequirements,InstallationandStart-up12Figure5:SelectionoftheInstallationFolderThenextdialogbox(seenextfigure)seeksconfirmationfromyouastowhetheryouwishtoinstallalltheprogramsshowninthelist.AdvancedMesherisastandaloneprogramforgeneratingfiniteelementmeshesforpaneltypeentitieslikewallsandslabsandisavailableforthosewhowantadvancedmeshingfacilitiesbesidesthosewhicharebuiltintotheSTAAD.Prosoftware.OpenSTAAD

isalibraryoffunctionswhichenablesuserstoaccessinputandoutputdatafromtheirSTAAD.Proprojectsforextractionintotheirownapplications.WhileAdvancedMesherandOpenSTAADarefreeutilitiessuppliedalongwithSTAAD.Pro,theremainderoftheprogramsinthelistrequireyourcopy-protectiondevice/systemtosupportthose.Ifyoudonotwishtohaveanyspecificitem(s)installed,unchecktheassociatedbox.SystemRequirements,InstallationandStart-up13Figure6:SelectionofprogramstoinstallYoualsohavetochooseadefaultunitsystem.Thisistoensurethatthelengthandforceunitsfrequentlyusedbyyouwillbeavailableuponentryintotheprogrameachtime.Thisisknownas

thebaseunitsystem,andmainlyaffectstheunitsinwhichresultsaredisplayed,aswellasdefaultvaluesforcertainquantities.Pleaserefertooneofthetutorialsforadditionalinformationonthese.Ofcourse,itisalwayspossibleforyoutochangethebaseunitsystemwithintheprogram,atrun-time,asfrequentlyasyouplease.SystemRequirements,InstallationandStart-up14Figure7:SelectionofDefaultUnitSystemforSTAAD.ProTowardstheendoftheinstallationprocess,amessageresemblingtheoneshowninFigure8willappear.ItispertinentonlytouserswhohavereceivedthisprogramasanupgradefromearlierversionsofSTAAD.Pro,andarealreadyusingasecuritydevice

withthoseversions.Forthoseusers,theirhardwarelockalsoneedstobeupgradedtoenableittoworkwithSTAAD.Pro2006.Thatprocessisdoneelectronically-calledre-programmingthelock-andthereisnoneedtophysicallyreplacethelock(inmostofthecases).SystemRequirements,InstallationandStart-up15Figure8:InformationregardingupgradeoflockAftertheinstallationiscomplete,pleaserestartyourmachineforthechangestotakeeffect.

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SystemRequirements,InstallationandStart-up165.CopyProtectionDeviceAsexplainedintheprevioussection,acopyprotectiondeviceintheformofaSelectXMLicense,ahardwarelock,orasoftwarelicense,isrequiredtorunSTAAD.Pro,STAAD.etc,STAAD.foundationandSectionwizard.Ifyouareusingahardwarelock,itmustbeinsertedintheparallelportofyourcomputerandmustremainthereduringtheentiredurationthatyouareinoneoftheprograms.Ifanyotherdevice,suchasprintercable,hardwarelockforothersoftware,etc.,isattachedtotheparallelport,werecommendthatyouattachtheSTAAD.Pro/STAAD.etchardwarelockinfrontofsuchdevices.Incaseyouhavemultiplelocks,andcannotstackthemforanyreason,REIcanreplaceyourparallelporttypewithaUSBtypeoflock.Thehardwarelockisconfiguredfortheprogramsandmodulesthatyouhavepurchased.Ifyouinstalloneoftheprogramsormodulesthatisnotsupportedbythehardwarelock,thatcomponentmaynotbeaccessible,orwillbeoperableonlyasaDemonstrationversion.Thehardwarelockdriver(s)areautomaticallyinstalledduringtheinstallationprocess.ForcomputersrunningonWindowsNT,Windows2000,orWindowsXP,youmusthaveadministrative

rightsbeforeinstallingtheprogramtoenableproperinstallationofthehardwarelockdriverfiles.Ascanbeseenfromthetutorialsinthelatersectionsofthisbook,STAAD.Proconsistsofvariousmodules,eachdesignedtoperformacertaintypeoftaskinthemodelgeneration,analysisandresultverificationprocess.Version2006requiresthehardlocktobeinplaceduringtheentiretimethatanyandallofthesetasksarebeingperformed.SystemRequirements,InstallationandStart-up17Inotherwords,fromthemomentyoustarttheprogramtillthemomentyouexitit,thelockhastobeinplace.If

thelockisdetachedatanytimeinbetween,theprogramwillstoprunning,andrequestthatyoure-attachthelock.Intheeventthatyouareunableto,itwillprovidetheopportunitytosavetheworkandexittheprogram.Toresumeyourwork,youwillhavetoputthelockbackintheportandre-starttheprogram.AnotherimportantaspecttonoteisthatifyouareupgradingfromanearlierversionofSTAAD.Prosuchas2000,2001or2002,oneofthefollowingisapplicablewithregardstothelock:a.Theupgradepackageshouldcontainanewlockwhichreplacesyouroldlock.b.Theupgradepackageshouldcontaininformation

outlininghowyoucanre-programyourearlierlocksothatitbecomescompatiblewithSTAAD.Pro2006.SystemRequirements,InstallationandStart-up186.RunningSTAAD.ProClickontheSTAAD.ProiconfromtheSTAAD.Pro2006programgroup.Figure9:StartingSTAAD.ProSystemRequirements,InstallationandStart-up

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19TheSTAAD.Promainscreenappearsasshowninbelow.Figure10:TheSTAAD.ProscreenIfyouareafirsttimeuserwhoisunfamiliarwithSTAAD.Pro,wesuggestthatyougothroughthetutorialsshowninSectionIIofthismanual.SystemRequirements,InstallationandStart-up207.RunningSTAAD.etcTolaunchtheSTAAD.etcprogram,clickontheSTAAD.etcicon.Figure11:StartingSTAAD.etcForhelponusingthisprogram,wesuggestthatyougothroughtheSTAAD.etcDocumentationaccessiblebyclickingonitsiconshownintheabovefigure.SystemRequirements,InstallationandStart-up218.RunningSectionwizardTolaunchSectionwizard,chooseoneoftheprogramsfromtheSectionwizardmenu.Figure12:StartingSectionwizardForhelponusingthisprogram,pleasegothroughSectionwizardHelpshownintheabovefigure.SystemRequirements,InstallationandStart-up22

9.RunningSTAAD.foundationTolaunchSTAAD.foundation,clickontheSTAAD.foundationicon.Figure13:StartingSTAAD.foundationForhelponusingthisprogram,pleasegothroughtheSTAAD.foundationDocumentationshownintheabovefigure.SystemRequirements,InstallationandStart-up2310.RunningMesherTolaunchMesher,clickontheMeshericon.Figure14:StartingMesherInformationonusingthisprogramisavailablefromtheHelpmenusoftheprogram.

SystemRequirements,InstallationandStart-up24Part-IITutorialssTableofContentsIntroduction11.TutorialProblem1:2DPortalFrame1-11.1Methodsofcreatingthemodel1-21.2DescriptionoftheTutorialProblem1-31.3StartingtheProgram1-51.4CreatingaNewStructure1-101.5CreatingtheModelusingtheGraphicalInterface1-13

1.5.1GeneratingtheModelGeometry1-161.5.2SwitchingOnNodeAndBeamLabels1-231.5.3SpecifyingMemberProperties1-261.5.4SpecifyingMaterialConstants1-321.5.5ChangingtheInputUnitsofLength1-331.5.6SpecifyingMemberOffsets1-351.5.7PrintingMemberInformationintheOutputFile1-401.5.8SpecifyingSupports1-431.5.9Viewingthemodelin3D1-481.5.10SpecifyingLoads1-50

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1.5.11SpecifyingtheAnalysisType1-601.5.12SpecifyingPost-AnalysisPrintCommands1-621.5.13Short-listingtheLoadCasestobeusedinSteelDesign1-661.5.14SpecifyingSteelDesignParameters1-681.5.15Re-specifyingtheAnalysisCommand1-741.5.16Re-specifyingtheTrackParameter1-751.5.17SpecifyingtheCheckCodeCommand1-761.6ViewingtheInputCommandFile1-791.7CreatingtheModelusingtheCommandFile1-821.8PerformingAnalysis/Design1-911.9ViewingtheOutputFile1-941.10Post-Processing1-1021.10.1GoingtothePost-ProcessingMode1-1031.10.2AnnotatingtheDisplacements1-1061.10.3DisplayingForce/MomentDiagrams1-1111.10.4AnnotatingtheForce/MomentDiagram1-1141.10.5ChangingtheDegreeofFreedomforwhichForcesDiagramisPlotted1-1171.10.6DisplayingtheDimensionsofTheMembers1-1202.TutorialProblem2:RCFramedStructure2-12.1Methodsofcreatingthemodel2-22.2DescriptionoftheTutorialProblem2-32.3StartingtheProgram2-6

2.4CreatingaNewStructure2-112.5ElementsoftheSTAAD.ProScreen2-142.6BuildingtheSTAAD.ProModel2-152.6.1GeneratingtheModelGeometry2-162.6.2ChangingtheInputUnitsofLength2-282.6.3SpecifyingMemberProperties2-302.6.4SpecifyingGeometricConstants2-362.6.5SpecifyingMaterialConstants2-382.6.6SpecifyingSupports2-412.6.7SpecifyingLoads2-462.6.8SpecifyingtheAnalysisType2-632.6.9Short-listingtheloadcasestobeusedinConcreteDesign2-652.6.10SpecifyingConcreteDesignParameters2-67

2.6.11SpecifyingDesignCommands2-712.7ViewingtheInputCommandFile2-742.8CreatingtheModelusingtheCommandFile2-772.9PerformingtheAnalysisandDesign2-852.10ViewingtheOutputFile2-882.11Post-Processing2-962.11.1GoingtothePost-ProcessingMode2-972.11.2ViewingtheDeflectionDiagram2-992.11.3Switchingbetweenloadcasesforviewingthedeflectiondiagram2-1012.11.4Changingthesizeofthedeflectiondiagram2-1052.11.5AnnotatingDisplacements2-1082.11.6Changingtheunitsinwhichdisplacementvaluesare

annotated2-1112.11.7TheNodeDisplacementTable2-1142.11.8DisplayingForce/MomentDiagrams2-1192.11.9SwitchingbetweenloadcasesforviewingtheForce/Momentdiagram2-1222.11.10ChangingthesizeoftheForce/Momentdiagram2-1262.11.11Changingthedegreeoffreedomforwhichforcesdiagramisplotted2-1292.11.12AnnotatingtheForce/Momentdiagram2-1312.11.13ChangingtheunitsinwhichForce/Momentvalues

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areannotated2-1342.11.14BeamForcesTable2-1372.11.15ViewingtheForce/MomentdiagramsfromtheBeam|GraphsPage2-1412.11.16Restrictingtheloadcasesforwhichresultsareviewed2-1452.11.17UsingMemberQuery2-1472.11.18Producinganon-screenReport2-1522.11.19TakingPictures2-1552.11.20CreatingCustomizedReports2-1573.TutorialProblem3:Analysisofaslab3-13.1Methodsofcreatingthemodel3-23.2Descriptionofthetutorialproblem3-33.3Startingtheprogram3-63.4Creatinganewstructure3-113.5ElementsoftheSTAAD.Proscreen3-143.6BuildingtheSTAAD.Promodel3-153.6.1Generatingthemodelgeometry3-163.6.2Changingtheinputunitsoflength3-533.6.3SpecifyingElementProperties3-553.6.4SpecifyingMaterialConstants3-613.6.5SpecifyingSupports3-623.6.6SpecifyingPrimaryLoadCases3-673.6.7CreatingLoadCombinations3-773.6.8Specifyingtheanalysistype3-82

3.6.9Specifyingpost-analysisprintcommands3-853.7Viewingtheinputcommandfile3-893.8Creatingthemodelusingthecommandfile3-913.9Performingtheanalysisanddesign3-983.10Viewingtheoutputfile3-1013.11Post-Processing3-1093.11.1Viewingstressvaluesinatabularform3-1103.11.2Printingthetables3-1123.11.3Changingtheunitsofvalueswhichappearintheabovetables3-1133.11.4Limitingtheloadcasesforwhichtheresultsaredisplayed3-1153.11.5StressContours3-1173.11.6Animatingstresscontours3-123

3.11.7CreatingAVIFiles3-1243.11.8Viewingplateresultsusingelementquery3-1273.11.9Producinganonscreenreport3-1313.11.10ViewingSupportReactions3-1364.TutorialProblem4:Interoperability(usingSTAAD.ProandSTAAD.etc)4-14.1UnderstandingSTAAD.etc4-24.2DescriptionoftheTutorialProblem4-34.3UsingtheInteractiveModeinSTAAD.Pro4-44.4DesigningaFootingbasedonresultsfromSTAAD.Pro4-94.5DesigningaBasePlatebasedonresultsfromSTAAD.Pro4-154.7SavingtheInteractiveDesignasaSTAAD.etcFile4-165.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-1

1Selectingnodes,beams,plates,etc.FPT-12ViewingthestructurefromdifferentanglesFPT-83Switchingonlabelsfornodes,beams,plates,etc.FPT-124DisplayingaportionofthemodelbyisolatingitfromtherestofthestructureFPT-185CreatingGroupsFPT-386DisplayingLoadsonthescreenFPT-477DisplayingLoadValuesonthescreenFPT-528StructuralToolTipOptionsFPT-589IdentifyingBeamStartandEndFPT-62

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10PlottingfromSTAAD.ProFPT-67IntroductionSTAAD.Proisageneralpurposeprogramforperformingtheanalysisanddesignofawidevarietyoftypesofstructures.Thebasicthreeactivitieswhicharetobecarriedouttoachievethatgoal-a)modelgenerationb)thecalculationstoobtaintheanalyticalresultsc)resultverification-areallfacilitatedbytoolscontainedintheprogram

sgraphicalenvironment.Thismanualcontainsfoursampletutorialswhichguidetheuserthroughthose3activities.Thefirstofthosetutorialsdemonstratestheseprocessesusingasimpletwo-dimensionalsteelportalframe.Itisagoodstartingpointforlearningtheprogram.IfyouareunfamiliarwithSTAAD.Pro,youwillgreatlybenefitbygoingthroughthistutorialfirst.Forthesecondtutorial,wehavechosenareinforcedconcreteframe.Wegeneratethemodel,performtheanalysis,anddesigntheconcretebeamsandcolumns.Itcontainsextensivedetailsonthevariousfacilitiesavailableforvisualizationandverificationofresults.Themodellingandanalysisofaslabisdemonstratedinthethirdtutorial.Slabs,andothersurfaceentitieslikewallsaremodelledusingplateelements.Largesurfaceentitiesmayhavetobedefinedusingseveralelementsandthissometimesrequiresatoolcalleda

meshgenerator.Thistutorialshowsthesimpletechniquesaswellasthemeshgenerationmethodforgeneratingthefiniteelementmodeloftheslab.Italsoexplainsthemethodsbywhichonecanchecktheresultsforplateelements.Atutorialwhichdemonstratestheinter-operabilityfeaturesbetweenSTAAD.ProandSTAAD.etc.ispresentedinthefourthtutorial.STAAD.etcisasetofmoduleswhichcanbeusedtoperformcomponentdesignssuchasforarectangularfooting,baseplate,cantileverretainingwall,momentconnection,boltgroup,etc.UserswhohavepurchasedSTAAD.etcinadditiontoSTAAD.PromaygothroughthistutorialtofamiliarizethemselveswiththeprocessofutilizingSTAAD.etctoperformsecondaryanalysisanddesigntasksonastructureforwhichtheprimary

analysisanddesignisdoneusingSTAAD.Pro.1-1TutorialProblem1:2DPortalFrameThischapterprovidesastep-by-steptutorialforcreatinga2DportalframeusingSTAAD.Pro.Thistutorialcoversthefollowingtopics.•StartingtheProgram•CreatingaNewStructure•CreatingJointsandMembers•SwitchingOnNodeandBeamLabels•SpecifyingMemberProperties•SpecifyingMaterialConstants•SpecifyingMemberOffsets

•PrintingMemberInformation•SpecifyingSupports•SpecifyingLoads•SpecifyingtheAnalysisType•SpecifyingPost-AnalysisPrintCommands•SpecifyingSteelDesignParameters•PerformingAnalysisandDesign•ViewingtheOutputFile•Verifyingresultsonscreen–bothgraphicallyandnumericallySection1

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Tutorial11-21.1MethodsofcreatingthemodelTherearetwomethodsofcreatingthestructuredata:a.usingthecommandfileb.usingthegraphicalmodelgenerationmode,orgraphicaluserinterface(GUI)asitisusuallyreferredto.TheCommandFileisatextfilewhichcontainsthedataforthestructurebeingmodeled.ThisfileconsistsofsimpleEnglishlanguagelikecommands.Thiscommandfilemaybecreateddirectlyusingtheeditorbuiltintotheprogram,orforthatmatter,anyeditorwhichsavesdataintextform,suchasNotepadorWordPadavailableinMicrosoftWindows.ThiscommandfileisalsoautomaticallycreatedbehindthesceneswhenthestructureisgeneratedusingtheGraphicalUserInterface.Thegraphicalmodelgenerationmodeandthecommandfileareseamlesslyintegrated.So,atanytime,youmaytemporarilyexitthegraphicalmodelgenerationmodeandaccessthecommandfile.Youwillfindthatitreflectsalldataenteredthroughthegraphicalmodelgenerationmode.Further,whenyoumakechangestothecommandfileandsaveit,theGUIimmediatelyreflectsthechangesmadetothestructurethroughthecommandfile.Bothmethodsofcreatingourmodelareexplainedinthistutorial.Section1.3through1.6explaintheprocedureforcreatingthefile

usingtheGUI.Section1.7describescreationofthecommandfileusingtheSTAAD.Protexteditor.Tutorial11-31.2DescriptionofthetutorialproblemThestructureforthisprojectisasinglebay,singlestorysteelportalframethatwillbeanalyzedanddesigned.Thefigurebelowshowsthestructure.2231W12x3515

-0"4

20

-0"12.5KIP/FT3W12x35W14x3410KIPFigure1.1Aninputfilecalled"Tut-01-portal.std"containingtheinputdatafortheabovestructurehasbeenprovidedwiththeprogram.ThisfilecontainswhatwouldotherwisehaveresultedhadwefollowedtheprocedureexplainedinSection1.7.Tutorial1

1-4BASICDATAFORTHESTRUCTUREATTRIBUTEDATAMemberpropertiesMembers1&3:W12X35Member2:W14X34MaterialConstantsModulusofElasticity:29000ksiPoisson

sRatio:0.30MemberOffsets6.0inchesalongglobalXformember2atbothendsSupportsNode1:FixedNode4:Pinned

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LoadsLoadcase1:Dead+LiveBeam2:2.5kips/ftdownwardalongglobalYLoadcase2:WindFromLeft10kipspointforceatNode2Loadcase3:75Percentof(DL+LL+WL)LoadCombination-L1X0.75+L2X0.75AnalysisTypeLinearElastic(PERFORM)SteelDesignConsiderloadcases1and3only.Parameters:Unsupportedlengthofcompressionflangeforbending:10ftformembers2and3,15ftformember1.SteelYieldStress:40ksiPerformmemberselectionformembers2and3Tutorial11-51.3StartingtheprogramSelecttheSTAAD.ProiconfromtheSTAAD.Pro2006programgroup.Figure1.2Tutorial11-6TheSTAAD.ProGraphicalEnvironmentwillbeinvokedandthefollowingscreencomesup.

Figure1.3ThisNewdialogboxwillcomeupeverytimewestarttheprogram.Toturnthisfeatureoff,simplyunchecktheDisplaythisdialogboxattheStartupboxatthelowerlefthandcorner.ThisfeaturecanbeturnedonagainatalatertimewhenFile|Newisinvokedfromthemainmenu.Tutorial11-7Noteabouttheunitsystem:Therearetwobaseunitsystemsintheprogramwhichcontroltheunits(length,force,temperature,etc.)inwhich,values,specificallyresultsandotherinformationpresentedinthetablesandreports,aredisplayedin.Thebaseunitsystemalsodictates

whattypeofdefaultvaluestheprogramwillusewhenattributessuchasModulusofElasticity,Density,etc.,areassignedbasedonmaterialtypes–Steel,Concrete,Aluminum–selectedfromtheprogram’slibrary(PleaserefertoSection5oftheSTAAD.ProTechnicalReferenceManualfordetails).ThesetwounitsystemsareEnglish(Foot,Pound,etc.)andMetric(KN,Meter,etc.).Ifyourecall,oneofthechoicesmadeatthetimeofinstallingSTAAD.Proisthisbaseunitsystemsetting.Thatchoicewillserveasthedefaultuntilwespecificallychangeit.TheplacefromwherewecanchangethissettingisundertheFile|Configuremenu.Togettothatoption,firstclosedownthedialogboxshownintheearlierfigurebyclickingonCancel.Then,clickontheFile|Configuremenuoption(seefigurebelow)andchoose

theappropriateunitsystemyouwant.Forthistutorial,letuschoosetheEnglishunits(Kip,Feet,etc.).Figure1.4Tutorial11-8Figure1.5ClickontheAcceptbuttontoclosetheabovedialogbox.Tutorial11-9Followingthis,selectFile|Newonceagain.

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Figure1.6ThedialogboxshowninFigure1.3willre-appear.Tutorial11-101.4Creatinganewstructure1.IntheNewdialogbox,weprovidesomecrucialinitialdatanecessaryforbuildingthemodel.ThestructuretypeistobedefinedbychoosingfromamongSpace,Plane,FloorandTruss.ASpacetypeisonewherethestructure,theloadingorboth,causethestructuretodeforminall3globalaxes(X,YandZ).InaPlanetype,thegeometry,loadinganddeformationarerestrictedtotheglobalX-Yplaneonly.AFloortypeisastructurewhosegeometryisconfinedtotheX-Zplane.ATrusstypeofstructurecarriesloadingbypureaxialaction.Trussmembersaredeemedincapableofcarryingshear,bendingandtorsion.Forourmodel,letuschoosePlane.WechooseFootasthelengthunitandKiloPoundastheforceunitinwhichwewillstarttobuildthemodel.Theunitscanbechangedlaterifnecessary,atanystageofthemodelcreation.WealsoneedtoprovideanameintheFileNameeditbox.Thisisthenameunderwhichthestructuredatawillbesavedonthecomputerharddisk.Thename“Structure?”(?willbeanumber)isrecommendedbytheprogrambydefault,butwecanchangeittoanynamewewant.LetuschoosethenamePORTAL.

Adefaultpathname-thelocationonthecomputerdrivewherethefilewillbesaved–isprovidedbytheprogramunderLocation.Ifyouwishtosavethefileinadifferentlocation,typeinthename,orclickthebuttonandspecifythedesiredpath.Afterspecifyingtheaboveinput,clickontheNextbutton.Tutorial11-11Figure1.72.Inthenextdialogbox,wechoosethetoolstobeusedtoinitiallyconstructthemodel.AddBeam,AddPlateorAddSolidare,respectively,thestartingpointsforconstructingbeams,platesorsolids.OpenStructureWizardprovidesaccesstoalibraryofstructuraltemplateswhichtheprogramcomesequippedwith.

Thosetemplatemodelscanbeextractedandmodifiedparametricallytoarriveatourmodelgeometryorsomeofitsparts.IfthemodelistobecreatedinitiallyusingtheSTAADcommandlanguage,theOpenSTAADEditorboxcantakeustotheSTAADeditor.PleaserememberthatalltheseoptionsarealsoavailablefromthemenusanddialogboxesoftheGUI,evenafterwedismissthisdialogbox.Note:IfyouwishtousetheEditortocreatethemodel,chooseOpenSTAADEditor,clickFinish,andproceedtoSection1.7.Tutorial11-12Forourmodel,letuschecktheAddBeamoption.ClickontheFinishbutton.Thedialogboxwillbedismissedandthe

STAAD.Prographicalenvironmentwillbedisplayed.Figure1.8Tutorial11-131.5CreatingthemodelusingthegraphicaluserinterfaceInordertogeneratethemodelgraphically,wehavetofamiliarizeourselveswiththecomponentsoftheSTAAD.Proscreen.AsampleoftheSTAAD.ProscreenisshowninFigure1.9.Thescreenhasfivemajorelementsasdescribedbelow:

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MenubarLocatedatthetopofthescreen,theMenubargivesaccesstoallthefacilitiesofSTAAD.Pro.ToolbarThedockableToolbargivesaccesstothemostfrequentlyusedcommands.Youmayalsocreateyourowncustomizedtoolbar.MainWindowThisisthelargestareaatthecenterofthescreen,wherethemodeldrawingsandresultsaredisplayedinpictorialform.PageControlThePageControlisasetoftabsthatappearontheleft-mostpartofthescreen.EachtabonthePageControlallowsyoutoperformspecifictasks.TheorganizationofthePages,fromtoptobottom,representsthelogicalsequenceofoperations,suchas,definitionofbeams,specificationofmemberproperties,loading,andsoon.Eachtabhasanameandaniconforeasyidentification.ThenameonthetabsmayormaynotappeardependingonyourscreenresolutionandthesizeoftheSTAAD.Prowindow.However,theiconsonthePageControltabsalwaysappear.ThePagesinthePageControlareadependontheModeofoperation.TheModeofoperationmaybesetfromtheModemenufromtheMenubar.Tutorial11-14

ElementsoftheSTAAD.ProScreenFigure1.9Tutorial11-15DataAreaTherightsideofthescreeniscalledtheDataArea,wheredifferentdialogboxes,tables,listboxes,etc.appeardependingonthetypeofoperationyouareperforming.Forexample,whenyouselecttheGeometry|BeamPage,theDataAreacontainstheNode-CoordinatetableandtheMember-incidencetable.WhenyouareintheLoadPage,thecontentsoftheDataAreachangestodisplaythecurrentlyassignedLoadcasesandtheiconsfordifferenttypesofloads.

TheiconsinthetoolbaraswellasinthePageControlareaofferToolTiphelp.Aswemovethemousepointeroverabutton,thenameofthebutton–calledaToolTip–appearsaboveorbelowthebutton.ThisfloatingTooltiphelpwillidentifytheicon.Abriefdescriptionoftheiconalsoappearsinthestatusbar.Wearenowreadytostartbuildingthemodelgeometry.Thestepsand,whereverpossible,thecorrespondingSTAAD.Procommands(theinstructionswhichgetwrittenintheSTAADinputfile)aredescribedinthefollowingsections.Tutorial11-161.5.1GeneratingthemodelgeometryThestructuregeometryconsistsofjointnumbers,their

coordinates,membernumbers,thememberconnectivityinformation,plateelementnumbers,etc.FromthestandpointoftheSTAADcommandfile,thecommandstobegeneratedforthestructureshowninsection1.2are:JOINTCOORDINATES10.0.;20.15.;320.15.;420.0.MEMBERINCIDENCE112;223;334Steps:1.WeselectedtheAddBeamoptionearliertofacilitateaddingbeams

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tocreatethestructure.Thisinitiatesagridinthemaindrawingareaasshownbelow.Thedirectionsoftheglobalaxes(X,Y,Z)arerepresentedintheiconinthelowerlefthandcornerofthedrawingarea.Figure1.10Tutorial11-172.ASnapNode/Beamdialogboxalsoappearsinthedataareaontherightsideofthescreen.TheLineartabismeantforplacingtheconstructionlinesperpendiculartooneanotheralonga"lefttoright-toptobottom"pattern,asinthelinesofachessboard.TheRadialtabenablesconstructionlinestoappearinaspider-webstyle,whichmakesitiseasytocreatecirculartypemodelswheremembersaremodelledaspiece-wiselinearstraightlinesegments.TheIrregulartabcanbeusedtocreategridlineswithunequalspacingthatlieontheglobalplanesoronaninclinedplane.WewillusetheLineartab.Inourstructure,thesegmentconsistingofmembers1to3,andnodes1to4,happenstolieintheX-Yplane.So,inthisdialogbox,letuskeepX-YasthePlaneofthegrid.ThesizeofthemodelthatcanbedrawnatanytimeiscontrolledbythenumberofConstructionLinestotheleftandrightoftheoriginofaxes,andtheSpacingbetweenadjacentconstructionlines.Bysetting20asthenumberoflinestotherightoftheoriginalongX,15abovethe

originalongY,andaspacingof1feetbetweenlinesalongbothXandY(seenextfigure)wecandrawaframe20ftX15ft,adequateforourstructure.Pleasenotethatthesesettingsareonlyastartinggridsetting,toenableustostartdrawingthestructure,andtheydonotrestrictouroverallmodeltothoselimits.Tutorial11-18Figure1.11Tutorial11-193.Tostartcreatingthenodes,letusfirstactivatetheSnapNode/Beambuttonbyclickingonit.Then,withthehelpofthemouse,clickattheorigin(0,0)tocreatethefirstnode.

Figure1.124.Inasimilarfashion,clickonthefollowingpointstocreatenodesandautomaticallyjoinsuccessivenodesbybeammembers.(0,15),(20,15),and(20,0)TheexactlocationofthemousearrowcanbemonitoredonthestatusbarlocatedatthebottomofthewindowwheretheX,Y,andZcoordinatesofthecurrentcursorpositionarecontinuouslyupdated.Tutorial11-20Whensteps1to4arecompleted,thestructurewillbedisplayedinthedrawingareaasshownbelow.Figure1.13

Tutorial11-215.Atthispoint,letusremovethegridfromthestructure.Todothat,clickontheClosebuttonintheSnapNode/Beamdialogbox.Figure1.14Tutorial11-22Thegridwillnowberemovedandthestructureinthemainwindowshouldresemblethefigureshownbelow.Figure1.15

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Itisveryimportantthatwesaveourworkoften,toavoidlossofdataandprotectourinvestmentoftimeandeffortagainstpowerinterruptions,systemproblems,orotherunforeseenevents.Tosavethefile,pulldowntheFilemenuandselecttheSavecommand.Tutorial11-231.5.2Switchingonnodeandbeamlabels1.Nodeandbeamlabelsareawayofidentifyingtheentitieswehavedrawnonthescreen.Inordertodisplaythenodeandbeamnumbers,rightclickanywhereinthedrawingarea.Inthepop-upmenuthatcomesup,chooseLabels.Alternatively,onemayaccessthisoptionbyselectingtheViewmenufollowedbytheStructureDiagramsoptionfromthetopmenubar,andtheLabelstabofthedialogboxthatcomesup.Figure1.16Tutorial11-242.IntheDiagramsdialogboxthatappears,turntheNodeNumbersandBeamNumbersonandthenclickonOK.Figure1.17Tutorial11-25Thefollowingfigureillustratesthenodeandbeamnumbersdisplayedonthestructure.Thestructureinthemainwindow

shouldresemblethefigureshownbelow.Figure1.18Ifyouarefeelingadventurous,hereisasmallexerciseforyou.Changethefontofthenode/beamlabelsbygoingtotheViewmenuandselectingtheOptionscommand,andthenselectingtheappropriatetab(NodeLabels/Beamlabels)fromtheOptionsdialogbox.Tutorial11-261.5.3SpecifyingmemberpropertiesOurnexttaskistoassigncrosssectionpropertiesforthebeamsandcolumns(seefigureinsection1.2).ForthoseofuscurioustoknowtheequivalentcommandsintheSTAADcommandfile,they

are:MEMBERPROPERTYAMERICAN13TABLESTW12X352TABLESTW14X34Steps:1.Todefinememberproperties,clickonthePropertyPageiconlocatedonthetoptoolbar.Figure1.19Tutorial11-27Alternatively,onemaygototheGeneral|Propertypagefromtheleftsideofthescreenasshownbelow.Figure1.20

Tutorial11-282.Ineithercase,thePropertiesdialogboxcomesup(seefigurebelow).ThepropertytypewewishtocreateistheWshapefromtheAISCtable.ThisisavailableundertheSectionDatabasebuttoninthePropertiesdialogboxasshownbelow.So,letusclickontheSectionDatabasebutton.Figure1.21Tutorial11-29

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3.IntheSectionProfileTablesdialogboxthatcomesup,selectWShapeundertheAmericanoption.NoticethattheMaterialboxischecked.LetuskeepitthatwaybecauseitwillenableustosubsequentlyassignthematerialconstantsE,Density,Poisson,etc.alongwiththecross-sectionsincewewanttoassignthedefaultvalues.ChooseW12X35asthebeamsize,andSTasthesectiontype.Then,clickontheAddbuttonasshowninthefigurebelow.DetailedexplanationofthetermssuchasST,T,CM,TC,BC,etc.isavailableinSection5oftheSTAADTechnicalReferenceManual.Figure1.224.Tocreatethesecondmemberproperty(STW14X34),selecttheW14X34shapeandclickontheAddbutton.Afterthememberpropertieshavebeencreated,letusClosetheSectionProfileTablesdialogbox.Tutorial11-305.Thenextstepistoassociatethepropertieswejustcreatedwithselectedmembersinourmodel.Followthesesteps.a.SelectthefirstpropertyreferenceinthePropertiesdialogbox(W12X35).b.Makesurethatthe“UseCursortoAssign”buttonisselectedundertheAssignmentMethodbox.

c.ClickontheAssignbutton.Thecursorchangestod.Usingthecursor,clickonmembers1and3.e.Finally,clickontheAssignbuttonagain,orclickonthe‘Esc’buttononyourkeyboardtostoptheassignmentprocess.Figure1.236.Inasimilarfashion,assignthesecondpropertyreference(W14X34)tomember2.Tutorial11-31Afterboththepropertieshavebeenassignedtotherespectivemembers,ourmodelshouldresemblethefollowingfigure.Figure1.24

LetusonceagainsaveourstructurebypullingdowntheFilemenuandselectingtheSavecommand.Tutorial11-321.5.4SpecifyingmaterialconstantsInSection1.5.3,wekepttheMaterialcheckbox“on”whileassigningthememberproperties.Consequently,thematerialconstantsgotassignedtothemembersalongwiththeproperties,andthefollowingcommandsweregeneratedinthecommandfile:CONSTANTSE29000MEMB1TO3POISSON0.3MEMB1TO3DENSITY0.000283MEMB1TO3

ALPHA6.5e-006MEMB1TO3Hence,thereisnomoreaneedtoassigntheconstantsseparately.However,ifwehadn’tassignthemasbefore,wecouldgotothemenuoptionCommands|MaterialConstantsandassignthemexplicitlyasshowninthefigurebelow.Figure1.25Tutorial11-331.5.5ChangingtheinputunitsoflengthForspecifyingmemberoffsetvalues,asamatterofconvenience,it

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issimplerifourlengthunitsareinchesinsteadoffeet.Thecommandstobegeneratedare:UNITINCHESKIPSteps:1.Tochangethelengthunitsfromfeettoinch,clickontheInputUnitsiconfromtheappropriatetoolbar.Figure1.26Alternatively,onemayselecttheTools|SetCurrentInputUnitmenuoptionasshowninthenextfigure.Tutorial11-34Figure1.272.Ineithercase,thefollowingdialogboxcomesup.SettheLengthUnitstoInchandclickontheOKbutton.Figure1.28Tutorial11-351.5.6SpecifyingmemberoffsetsSincebeam2actuallyspansonlythecleardistancebetweenthecolumnfaces,andnotthecentertocenterdistance,wecantakeadvantageofthisaspectbyspecifyingoffsets.Member2isOFFSETatitsSTARTjointby6inchesintheglobalXdirection,0.0and0.0inYandZdirections.Thesamememberisoffsetbynegative6.0inchesatitsENDjoint.ThecorrespondingSTAAD

commandsare:MEMBEROFFSET2START6.00.00.02END-6.00.00.0Steps:1.Sinceweknowthatmember2istheonetobeassignedwiththeoffset,letusfirstselectthismemberpriortodefiningtheoffsetitself.Selectmember2byclickingonitusingtheBeamsCursor.Theselectedmemberwillbehighlighted.(Pleaserefertothe‘FrequentlyPerformedTasks’sectionattheendofthismanualtolearnmoreaboutselectingmembers.)2.Todefinememberoffsets,clickontheSpecificationPageiconlocatedinthetoptoolbar.

Figure1.29Tutorial11-36Alternatively,onemaygototheGeneral|SpecPagefromtheleftsideofthescreen.Figure1.30Tutorial11-373.Ineithercase,theSpecificationsdialogboxshownbelowcomesup.MemberReleasesandOffsetsaredefinedthroughtheBeambuttoninthisdialogboxasshownbelow.Figure1.31Tutorial1

1-384.IntheBeamSpecsdialogboxthatopens,selecttheOffsettab.WewanttodefinetheoffsetatthestartnodeintheXdirection.Hence,makesurethattheStartoptionisselectedunderLocation.Then,enter6.0intheXeditbox.Sincewehavealreadyselectedthemember,letusclickontheAssignbutton.Figure1.325.Toapplytheoffsetattheendnode,repeatsteps3and4,exceptforselectingtheEndoptionandproviding-6.0intheXeditbox.Tutorial1

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1-39AfterboththeStartandEndoffsetshavebeenassigned,themodelwilllookasshownbelow.Figure1.33Clickanywhereinthedrawingareatoun-highlightthemember.LetussavetheworkagainbypullingdowntheFilemenuandselectingtheSavecommand.Tutorial11-401.5.7PrintingmemberinformationintheoutputfileWewouldliketogetareportconsistingofinformationaboutallthemembersincludingstartandendjointnumbers(incidence),memberlength,betaangleandmemberendreleasesintheSTAADoutputfile.ThecorrespondingSTAADcommandis:PRINTMEMBERINFORMATIONALLSteps:1.Sincetheinformationisrequiredforallthemembers,selectallthemembersbygoingtoSelect|ByAll|AllBeamsmenuoption.Figure1.34Tutorial11-412.Then,gotoCommands|PreAnalysisPrint|MemberInformationfromthetopmenubarasshowninthefigurebelow.

Figure1.35Tutorial11-423.NoticethattheassignmentmethodissetToSelection.PresstheOKbuttoninthisdialogbox.Figure1.36Clickanywhereinthedrawingareatoun-highlightthemembers.LetusalsosaveourstructureagainbyusingtheSaveoptionoftheFilemenu.Tutorial11-431.5.8SpecifyingSupportsThespecificationsofthisproblem(seesection1.2)callfor

restrainingalldegreesoffreedomatnode1(FIXEDsupport)andapinnedtypeofrestraintatnode4(restrainedagainstalltranslations,freeforallrotations)Thecommandstobegeneratedare:SUPPORTS1FIXED;4PINNEDSteps:1.Tocreateasupport,clickontheSupportPageiconlocatedinthetoptoolbarasshownbelow.Figure1.37Tutorial11-44Alternatively,onemaygototheGeneral|SupportPagefromthe

leftsideofthescreen.Figure1.38Tutorial11-452.Ineithercase,theSupportsdialogboxcomesupasshowninthenextfigure.Sincewealreadyknowthatnode1istobeassociatedwithaFixedsupport,usingtheNodesCursor,selectnode1.Itbecomeshighlighted.(Pleaserefertothe‘FrequentlyPerformedTasks’sectionattheendofthismanualtolearnmoreaboutselectingnodes.)

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3.Then,clickontheCreatebuttonintheSupportsdialogboxasshownbelow.Figure1.39Tutorial11-464.IntheCreateSupportdialogboxthatopens,selecttheFixedtab(whichalsohappenstobethedefault)andclickontheAssignbuttonasshownbelow.ThiscreatesaFIXEDtypeofsupportatnode1whereall6degreesoffreedomarerestrained.Figure1.405.TocreateaPINNEDsupportatnode4,repeatsteps2to4,exceptforselectingnode4andselectingthePinnedtabintheCreateSupportdialogbox.Tutorial11-47Afterthesupportshavebeenassigned,thestructurewilllookliketheoneshownbelow.Figure1.41Afterassigningboththesupports,letussaveourstructureusingtheFile|Saveoption.Tutorial11-481.5.9Viewingthemodelin3DLetusseehowwecandisplayourmodelin3D.Todothis,either

right-clickandselectStructureDiagramsorgotoView|StructureDiagramsmenu.Figure1.42Intheensuingdialogbox,theStructuretabpageallowsyoutosetupstructuralviewparametersasexplainedbelow.Theoptionsunder3DSectionscontrolhowthemembersaredisplayed.SelectingNonedisplaysthestructurewithoutdisplayingthecross-sectionalpropertiesofthemembersandelements.SelectingFullSectionsdisplaysthe3Dcross-sectionsofmembers,dependingonthememberproperties.SectionsOutlinedisplaysonlytheoutlineofthecross-sectionsofmembers.LetusselectFullSectionstodrawthe3Dsections.YoucanalsochangethecolorofthesectionsbyclickingontheSectionOutline

colorbuttonundertheColorssection.Then,clickonOK.Tutorial11-49Figure1.43Theresultingdiagramisshownbelow.Figure1.44Tutorial11-501.5.10SpecifyingLoadsThreeloadcasesaretobecreatedforthisstructure.Detailsoftheindividualcasesareexplainedatthebeginningofthistutorial.Thecorrespondingcommandstobegeneratedarelistedbelow.UNITFEETKIP

LOADING1DEAD+LIVEMEMBERLOAD2UNIGY-2.5LOADING2WINDFROMLEFTJOINTLOAD2FX10.LOADCOMBINATION375PERCENTOF(DL+LL+WL)10.7520.75Steps:Thecreationandassignmentofloadcasesinvolvesthefollowing

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twosteps:a.First,wewillbecreatingall3loadcases.b.Then,wewillbeassigningthemtotherespectivemembers/nodes.Creatingloadcases1and21.Tocreateloads,firstclickontheLoadPageiconlocatedonthetoptoolbar.Figure1.45Tutorial11-51Alternatively,onemaygototheGeneral|LoadPagefromtheleftsideofthescreen.Figure1.462.Beforewecreatethefirstloadcase,weneedtochangeourlengthunitstofeet.Todothat,asbefore,utilizetheInputUnitsicon(seesection1.5.5).Noticethatawindowtitled“Load”appearsontheright-handsideofthescreen.Tocreatethefirstloadcase,highlightLoadCasesDetailsandthenclickontheAddbuttonintheLoaddialogbox.Figure1.47Tutorial11-523.TheAddNewLoadCasesdialogboxcomesup.Thedrop-downlistboxagainstLoadingTypeisavailableincase

wewishtoassociatetheloadcasewearecreatingwithanyoftheACI,AISCorIBCdefinitionsofDead,Live,Ice,etc.Thistypeofassociationneedstobedoneifweintendtousetheprogram

sfacilityforautomaticallygeneratingloadcombinationsinaccordancewiththosecodes.NoticethatthereisacheckboxcalledReducibleperUBC/IBC.ThisfeaturebecomesactiveonlywhentheloadcaseisassignedaLoadingTypecalledLiveatthetimeofcreationofthatcase.PleaserefertoSTAAD.Pro2004ReleaseReportforfurtherdetails.Aswedonotintendtousetheautomaticloadcombinationgenerationoption,wewillleavetheLoadingTypeasNone.EnterDEAD+LIVEastheTitleforLoadCase1andclickontheAddbutton.

Figure1.48ThenewlycreatedloadcasewillnowappearundertheLoadCasesDetailsoption.Figure1.49Tutorial11-53TocreatetheMemberload,firsthighlightDEAD+LIVE.YouwillnoticethattheAddNewLoadItemsdialogboxshowsmoreoptionsnow.Figure1.504.IntheAddNewLoadItemsdialogbox,selecttheUniformForceoptionundertheMemberLoaditem.SpecifyGYastheDirection,enter-2.5astheForceandclickontheAddbutton.

Figure1.51Tutorial11-54Thenextstepistocreatethesecondloadcasewhichcontainsajointload.5.HighlightLoadCasesDetailsintheLoaddialogbox.IntheAddNewLoadCasesdialogbox,onceagain,wearenotassociatingtheloadcaseweareabouttocreatewithanycodebasedLoadingTypeandso,leavethatboxasNone.SpecifytheTitleofthesecondloadcaseasWINDFROMLEFTandclickontheAddbutton.

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Figure1.526.Next,tocreatetheJointload,highlightWINDFROMLEFT.Figure1.53Tutorial11-557.IntheAddNewLoadItemsdialogbox,selecttheNodeoptionundertheNodalLoaditem.Specify10forFx,andclickontheAddbutton.Figure1.54Tutorial11-56Creatingloadcase3Loadcases1and2wereprimaryloadcases.Loadcase3willbedefinedasaloadcombination.So,thenextstepistodefineloadcase3as0.75x(Load1+Load2),whichisaloadcombination.8.Todothis,onceagain,highlighttheLoadCasesDetailsoption.IntheAddNewLoadCasesdialogbox,clickontheDefineCombinationsoptionfromtheleft-handside.SpecifytheTitleas75Percentof[DL+LL+WL].Figure1.55IntheDefineCombinationsbox,thedefaultloadcombinationtypeissettobeNormal,whichmeansanalgebraiccombination.TheothercombinationtypesavailablearecalledSRSS(squarerootofsumofsquares)andABS(Absolute).TheSRSStypeoffersthe

flexibilityofpartSRSSandpartAlgebraic.Thatis,someloadcasesarecombinedusingthesquarerootofsumofsquaresapproach,andtheresultiscombinedwithothercasesalgebraically,asinA+SQRT(B*B+C*C)whereA,BandCaretheindividualprimarycases.Weintendtousethedefaultalgebraiccombinationtype(Normal).Tutorial11-579.IntheDefineCombinationsbox,selectbothloadcasesfromtheleftsidelistbox(byholdingdownthe‘Ctrl’key)andclickonthebutton.Theloadcasesappearintherightsidelistbox.Then,enter0.75intheFactoreditbox.(Thesedataindicatethatweare

addingthetwoloadcaseswithamultiplicationfactorof0.75andthattheloadcombinationresultswouldbeobtainedbyalgebraicsummationoftheresultsforindividualloadcases.)PresstheAddbutton.Figure1.56Nowthatwehavecompletedthetaskofcreatingall3loadcases,letusClosetheAddNewLoadCasesdialogbox.Tutorial11-58Ournextstepistoassociateloadcase1withmember2.Followthesesteps.a.SelectthefirstloadreferenceintheLoaddialogbox(UNIGY-2.5kip/ft).

b.Makesurethatthe“UseCursortoAssign”buttonisselectedundertheAssignmentMethodbox.c.ClickontheAssignbutton.Thecursorchangestod.Usingthecursor,clickonmember2.e.Finally,clickontheAssignbuttonagain,ortypethe‘Esc’buttononyourkeyboardtostoptheassignmentprocess.Figure1.57Tutorial11-59Afterthememberloadhasbeenassigned,themodelwilllookas

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shownbelow.Figure1.58Inasimilarfashion,assignthesecondloadcase(FX10kip,ft)toNode2.Afterassigningthejointload,themodelwilllookasshownbelow.Figure1.59LetusonceagainsaveourmodelbypullingdowntheFilemenuandselectingtheSavecommandorbyholdingthe‘Ctrl’keyandpressingthe‘S’key.Tutorial11-601.5.11SpecifyingtheanalysistypeTheanalysistypewearerequiredtodoisalinearstatictype.Wealsoneedtoobtainastaticequilibriumreport.Thisrequiresthecommand:PERFORMANALYSISPRINTSTATICSCHECKSteps:1.TospecifytheAnalysiscommand,gotoAnalysis/PrintPagefromtheleftsideofthescreen.Bydefault,theAnalysissub-pagefromthesecondrowisinfocusasshownbelow.Figure1.60Tutorial11-612.IntheAnalysis/PrintCommandsdialogboxthatappears,make

surethatthePerformAnalysistabisselected.Then,checktheStaticsCheckprintoption.Finally,clickontheAddbuttonfollowedbytheClosebutton.Figure1.61LetussavethedataonceagainusingtheFile|Saveoption.Tutorial11-621.5.12Specifyingpost-analysisprintcommandsWewouldliketoobtainthememberendforcesandsupportreactionswrittenintotheoutputfile.Thisrequiresthespecificationofthefollowingcommands:PRINTMEMBERFORCESALL

PRINTSUPPORTREACTIONLIST14Steps:1.ThedialogboxforspecifyingtheabovecommandsisnestedinthePost-Printsub-pageoftheAnalysis/Printpage.Figure1.62Tutorial11-632.Next,selectallthemembersbyrubber-bandingaroundthemusingthemouse.3.ClickontheDefineCommandsbuttoninthedataareaontherighthandsideofthescreen.Figure1.63Tutorial1

1-644.IntheAnalysis/PrintCommandsdialogboxthatappears,selecttheMemberForcestabandclickontheAssignbuttonfollowedbytheClosebutton.Figure1.645.Repeatsteps2to4exceptforselectingboththesupportsandselectingtheSupportReactionstabintheAnalysis/PrintCommandsdialogbox.(RecallthatthesupportscanbeselectedbyturningtheNodesCursoron,holdingthe‘Ctrl’keydown,andclickingonthesupports.)AfterclickingontheAssignbutton,

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Closethedialogbox.Tutorial11-65Atthispoint,thePostAnalysisPrintdialogboxshouldresemblethefigureshownbelow.Figure1.65SavetheworkusingtheFile|Savemenuoption.Tutorial11-661.5.13Short-listingtheloadcasestobeusedinsteeldesignThesteeldesignhastobeperformedforloadcases1and3onlyperthespecificationatthebeginningofthistutorial.Toinstructtheprogramtousejustthesecases,andignoretheremaining,wehavetousetheLOADLISTcommand.ThecommandwillappearintheSTAADfileas:LOADLIST13Steps:1.Inthemenusonthetopofthescreen,gotoCommands|Loading|LoadListoptionasshownbelow.Figure1.66Tutorial11-672.ALoadListdialogboxcomesup.FromtheLoadCaseslistboxon

theleft,doubleclickon1:DEAD+LIVEand3:75Percentof[DL+LL+WL]tosendthemtotheLoadListboxontheright,asshownbelow.ThenclickontheOKbuttontodismissthedialogbox.Figure1.67Tutorial11-681.5.14SpecifyingsteeldesignparametersThespecificationslistedinsection1.2ofthistutorialrequireustoprovidevaluesforsomeofthetermsusedinsteeldesignbecausethedefaultvaluesofthosetermsarenotsuitable.Thecorrespondingcommandstobegeneratedare:PARAMETER

CODEAISCFYLD5760ALLUNT10.0MEMB23UNB10.0MEMB23TRACK2MEMB23SELECTMEMB23Steps:1.Tospecifysteeldesignparameters,gotoDesign|SteelPagefromtheleftsideofthescreen.MakesurethatundertheCurrentCodeselectionsonthetoprighthandside,AISCASDisselected.Figure1.68Tutorial11-69

2.ClickontheDefineParametersbuttonintheSteelDesigndialogbox.Figure1.693.IntheDesignParametersdialogboxthatcomesup,selecttheFYLDoption.Then,providetheYieldStrengthas5760Kip/ft2andclickontheAddbutton.Figure1.70Tutorial11-704.Todefinetheremainingparameters,repeatstep3exceptfor

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selectingtheparametersandprovidingthevalueslistedbelow.ParameterValueUNT10UNB10TRACK25.Whenalltheparametershavebeenadded,clickontheClosebuttonintheDesignParametersdialogbox.6.Thenextstepistoassigntheseparameterstospecificmembersofthemodel.Fromlookingattherequirementslistedinthebeginningofthistutorial,weknowthattheFYLDparameteristobeassignedtoallthemembers,whiletheremainingparametersaretoassignedtomembers2and3.Asbefore,usetheUseCursortoAssignmethodtoassigntheseparameters.Figure1.71Tutorial11-71Afterallthedesignparametershavebeenassigned,theSteelDesigndialogboxwilllookasshownbelow.Figure1.72Tutorial11-727.TospecifytheSELECTcommand,clickontheCommandsbuttonintheSteelDesigndialogboxasshownbelow.TheSELECT

commandisaninstructiontotheprogramtofetchandassigntheleast-weightcross-sectionwhichsatisfiesallthecoderequirements(PASSes)forthemember.Figure1.73Tutorial11-738.IntheDesignCommandsdialogboxthatappears,clickontheSELECToption.Then,clickontheAddbuttonfollowedbytheClosebutton.Figure1.749.Onceagain,weneedtoassociatethiscommandwithmembers2and3.YoumayeitherusetheUseCursortoAssignmethodorfirstselectmembers2and3andthenusetheAssigntoSelected

Beamsoption.Aftertheparametersareassigned,clickanywhereinthedrawingareatoun-highlightthemembers.LetussaveourstructurebypullingdowntheFilemenuandselectingtheSavecommand.Tutorial11-741.5.15Re-specifyingtheanalysiscommandWhentheanalysis&designengineexecutesthememberselectionoperationwespecifiedinthepreviousstep,anewsetofpropertieswillendupbeingassignedtothosemembers.Thishastheeffectofchangingthestiffnessdistributionfortheentirestructure.Sincethestructureisstaticallyindeterminate,weoughttore-analyzeitif

wewantthenodaldisplacements,memberforces,etc.toreflectthisnewstiffnessdistribution.Thecommandtobegeneratedishence:PERFORMANALYSISSteps:1.TospecifytheAnalysiscommand,repeatstep1ofSection1.5.11ofthistutorial.IntheAnalysis/PrintCommandsdialogboxthatcomesup,selectthePerformAnalysistab.Sincewearenotinterestedinastaticscheckreportonceagain,letuschecktheNoPrintoption.Finally,clickontheAddbuttonfollowedbythe

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Closebutton.WeshouldagainsavetheworkusingFile|Save.Tutorial11-751.5.16Re-specifyingtheTRACKparameterThefinalcalculationweneedtodoismakesurethecurrentsetofmemberpropertiespassthecoderequirementsbasedontheup-todatememberforces.Thiswillrequirethatwedoacodecheckingoperationagain.Torestricttheoutputproducedtoareasonablelevel,wespecifytheTRACKparameteragainas:TRACK1ALLSteps:1.Todefineandassign1.0fortheTRACKparameter,repeatsteps1to4ofSection1.5.14ofthistutorial.2.Next,selectallthemembersbyrubber-bandingaroundthemusingthemouse.(Pleaserefertothe‘FrequentlyPerformedTasks’sectionattheendofthismanualtolearnmoreaboutselectingmembers.)Then,assignthisparametertoallthemembers.Tutorial11-761.5.17Re-specifyingtheCHECKCODEcommandTheanalysisoperationcarriedoutinresponsetothecommandinSection1.5.15willcreateanewsetofmemberforces.Theseforces

willverylikelybequitedifferentfromthosewhichwereusedinthememberselectionoperation(seethecommandsofsection1.5.14).Consequently,wehavetoverifythatthestructureissafelyable–fromthestandpointofthedesigncoderequirements–tocarrythesenewforces.Acodecheckingoperation,whichusestheup-to-datecrosssectionsofthemembers,andthelatestmemberforces,willprovideuswithastatusreportonthisissue.Thecommandtobegeneratedishence:CHECKCODEALLSteps:1.IfyouhavewanderedawayfromtheSteelDesignpage,fromtheCommandsmenuontopofthescreen,selectDesign|SteelDesign.

Tutorial11-772.ClickontheCommandsbuttonintheSteelDesigndialogboxasshownbelow.Figure1.75Tutorial11-783.IntheDesignCommandsdialogboxthatappears,clickontheCheckCodetab.Then,clickontheAddbuttonfollowedbytheClosebutton.Figure1.764.SincetheCHECKCODEcommandhastobeassignedtoallthemembers,theeasiestwaytodothatistoclickontheAssignto

Viewbutton.Figure1.77Wehavenowcompletedthetasksforassigningtheinputforthismodel.LetussavethefileonelasttimeusingtheFile|Saveoption.Tutorial11-791.6ViewingtheinputcommandfileSteps:Letusnowtakealookatthedatathathasbeenwrittenintothefile

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thatwejustsavedearlier.ThecontentsofthefilecanbeviewedeitherbyclickingontheSTAADEditoriconor,bygoingtotheEditmenuandchoosingEditInputCommandFileasshownbelow.Figure1.78Figure1.79Tutorial11-80Anewwindowwillopenupwiththedatalistedasshownhere:Figure1.80ThiswindowandthefacilitiesitcontainsisknownastheSTAADEditor.Tutorial11-81WecouldmakemodificationstothedataofourstructureinthisEditorifwewishtodoso.LetusExittheEditorwithoutdoingsobyselectingtheFile|Exitmenuoptionoftheeditorwindow(nottheFile|Exitmenuofthemainwindowbehindtheeditorwindow).AswesawinSection1.1,wecouldalsohavecreatedthesamemodelbytypingtherelevantSTAADcommandsintoatextfileusingeithertheSTAADeditor,orbyusinganyexternaleditorofourchoice.Ifyouwouldliketounderstandthatmethod,proceedtothenextsection.Ifyouwanttoskipthatpart,proceedtosection1.8whereweperformtheanalysisanddesignonthismodel.

Tutorial11-821.7CreatingthemodelusingthecommandfileLetusnowusethecommandfilemethodtocreatethemodelfortheabovestructure.Thecommandsusedinthecommandfilearedescribedlaterinthissection.TheSTAAD.Procommandfilemaybecreatedusingthebuilt-ineditor,theprocedureforwhichisexplainedfurtherbelowinthissection.AnystandardtexteditorsuchasNotepadorWordPadmayalsobeusedtocreatethecommandfile.However,theSTAAD.Procommandfileeditorofferstheadvantageofsyntaxcheckingaswetypethecommands.TheSTAAD.Prokeywords,numericdata,comments,etc.aredisplayedindistinctcolorsintheSTAAD.Pro

editor.Atypicaleditorscreenisshownbelowtoillustrateitsgeneralappearance.Figure1.81Tutorial11-83Toaccessthebuilt-ineditor,firststarttheprogramusingtheprocedureexplainedinSection1.3.Next,followstep1ofSection1.4.Figure1.82Youwillthenencounterthedialogboxshowninthefigureshownbelow.Inthatdialogbox,chooseOpenSTAADEditor.Figure1.83Tutorial1

1-84Atthispoint,theeditorscreensimilartotheoneshownbelowwillopen.Figure1.84Deleteallthecommandlinesdisplayedintheeditorwindowandtypethelinesshowninboldbelow(Youdon’thavetodeletethelinesifyouknowwhichtokeepandwheretofillintherestofthecommands).Thecommandsmaybetypedinupperorlowercaseletters.Usuallythefirstthreelettersofakeywordareallthatareneeded--therestofthelettersofthewordarenotrequired.The

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requiredlettersareunderlined.(“PLANE”=“PLA”=“plane”=“pla”)Tutorial11-85STAADPLANEPORTALFRAMEEverySTAAD.ProinputfilehastobeginwiththewordSTAAD.ThewordPLANEsignifiesthatthestructureisaplaneframe(intheXYplane).Theremainderofthewordsarethetitleoftheproblem,whichisoptional.Ifalineistypedwithanasteriskinthefirstcolumn,itsignifiesthatthelineisacommentlineandshouldnotbeexecuted.Forexample,onecouldhaveputtheoptionaltitleaboveonaseparatelineasfollows.*PORTALFRAMEUNITFEETKIPSpecifytheforceandlengthunitsforthecommandstofollow.JOINTCOORDINATES10.0.;20.15.;320.15.;420.0.JointnumbersandtheircorrespondingglobalXandYcoordinatesareprovidedabove.Forexample,32015.indicatesthatnode3hasanXcoordinateof20ftandaYcoordinateof15ft.NotethatthereasonfornotprovidingtheZcoordinateisbecausethestructureisaplaneframe.Ifthiswereaspaceframe,theZcoordinatewouldalsoberequired.Semicolons(;)areusedaslineseparators.In

otherwords,datawhichisnormallyputonmultiplelinescanbeputononelinebyseparatingthemwithasemicolon.MEMBERINCIDENCE112;223;334Themembersaredefinedbythejointstowhichtheyareconnected.Tutorial11-86MEMBERPROPERTYAMERICAN13TABLESTW12X352TABLESTW14X34Members1and3areassignedaW12X35sectionfromthebuilt-inAMERICANsteeltable.Member2hasbeenassignedaW14X34.ThewordSTstandsforstandardsinglesection.Sections5.20.1

through5.20.5oftheSTAADTechnicalReferenceManualexplaintheconventionforassigningmemberpropertynames.UNITINCHESCONSTANTSE29000.0ALLPOISSON0.3ALLThelengthunitischangedfromFEETtoINCHEStofacilitateinputofthemodulusofelasticity(E).ThekeywordCONSTANTisrequiredbeforematerialpropertiessuchasE,density,Poisson’sratio,coefficientofthermalexpansion(ALPHA)etc.canbeprovided.SeeSection5.26oftheSTAADTechnicalReferenceManualformoreinformation.MEMBEROFFSET

2START6.00.0.2END-6.00.0.Thebeammemberisphysicallyconnectedtothe2columnsatthefaceofthecolumn,andnotatthecolumncenterline.Thiscreatesarigidzone,abouthalfthedepthofthecolumns,atthe2endsofthebeam2.Thisrigidzoneistakenadvantageofusingmemberoffsets(Itistheuser’schoicewhetherornothe/shewishestousethese).So,theabovecommandsdefinethatmember2iseccentricallyconnectedorOFFSETatitsSTARTjointby6inchesintheglobalXdirection,0.0and0.0inYandZdirections.Thesamememberis

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offsetbynegative6.0inchesatitsENDjoint.SeeSection5.25oftheSTAADTechnicalReferenceManualformoreinformation.Tutorial11-87PRINTMEMBERINFORMATIONALLTheabovecommandisself-explanatory.Theinformationthatisprintedincludesstartandendjointnumbers(incidence),memberlength,betaangleandmemberendreleases.SUPPORTS1FIXED;4PINNEDAfixedsupportislocatedatjoint1andapinnedsupport(fixedfortranslations,releasedforrotations)atjoint4.MoreinformationonthesupportspecificationisavailableinSection5.27oftheSTAADTechnicalReferenceManual.UNITFTThelengthunitischangedtoFEETtofacilitateinputofloads.LOADING1DEAD+LIVEMEMBERLOAD2UNIGY-2.5Theabovecommandsidentifyaloadingcondition.DEAD+LIVEisanoptionaltitletoidentifythisloadcase.AUNIformlydistributedMEMBERLOADof2.5kips/ftisactingonmember2inthenegativeglobalYdirection.MemberLoadspecificationisexplainedinSection5.32oftheSTAADTechnicalReference

Manual.LOADING2WINDFROMLEFTJOINTLOAD2FX10.Theabovecommandsidentifyasecondloadcase.ThisloadisaJOINTLOAD.A10kipforceisactingatjoint2intheglobalXdirection.Tutorial11-88LOADCOMBINATION375PERCENTOF(DL+LL+WL)10.7520.75Thiscommandidentifiesacombinationloadwithanoptionaltitle.Thesecondlineprovidesthecomponentsoftheloadcombination

case-primaryloadcasesandthefactorsbywhichtheyshouldbeindividuallymultiplied.PERFORMANALYSISPRINTSTATICSCHECKThiscommandinstructstheprogramtoproceedwiththeanalysisandproduceareportofstaticequilibriumchecks.Section5.37oftheSTAADTechnicalReferenceManualoffersinformationonthevariousanalysisoptionsavailable.PRINTMEMBERFORCESALLPRINTSUPPORTREACTIONLIST14Theaboveprintcommandsareself-explanatory.Thememberforcesareinthememberlocalaxeswhilesupportreactionsareintheglobalaxes.LOADLIST13

PARAMETERSCODEAISCUNT10.0MEMB23UNB10.0MEMB23FYLD5760ALLTRACK2.0MEMB23SELECTMEMBER23Theabovesequenceofcommandsisusedtoinitiatethesteeldesignprocess.ThecommandPARAMETERSisfollowedbythevarioussteeldesignparameters.Parametersarespecifiedtypically

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whentheirvaluesdifferfromthebuilt-inprogramdefaults.SpecificationsoftheAISCASDcodearetobefollowed.AparameterlistfortheAISCcodeisavailableinTable3.1oftheTechnicalReferenceManual.ALLmembershave10ftunsupportedlengthforthetopandbottomflange(UNTandUNB).UNTandUNBareusedtocomputetheallowablecompressivestressinbending.Theyieldstrengthofsteelisspecifiedas5760Tutorial11-89ksf(40ksi)sinceitisdifferentfromthedefaultvalueof36ksi.TheTRACKparametercontrolsthelevelofdescriptionoftheoutput,2.0beingthemostdetailed.TheLOADLISTcommandliststheloadcases(1and3)tobeusedinthedesign.TheSELECTMEMBERcommandaskstheprogramtocomeupwiththemosteconomicalsectionformembers2and3inthecontextoftheaboveanalysis.PERFORMANALYSISWhentheanalysis&designengineexecutesthememberselectionoperationwespecifiedinthepreviousstep,anewsetofpropertieswillendupbeingassignedtothosemembers.Thishastheeffectofchangingthestiffnessdistributionfortheentirestructure.Sincethestructureisstaticallyindeterminate,weoughttore-analyzeitifwewantthenodaldisplacements,memberforces,etc.toreflectthisnewstiffnessdistribution.Theabovecommandinstructsthe

programtodoanothercycleofanalysis.PARAMETERTRACK1ALLTheTRACKparameterisre-specified.Itcontrolsthelevelofinformationproducedinthesteeldesignoutput.Wehavelowereditfrom2.0wespecifiedearlierto1.0sincewearen’tinterestedinthehighestlevelofdetailatthistime.CHECKCODEALLTheanalysisoperationcarriedoutearlierwillcreateanewsetofmemberforces.Theseforceswillverylikelybequitedifferentfromthosewhichwereusedinthememberselectionoperation.Consequently,wehavetoverifythatthestructureissafelyable–fromthestandpointofthedesigncoderequirements–tocarry

thesenewforces.Acodecheckingoperation,whichusestheup-todatecrosssectionsofthemembers,andthelatestmemberforces,willprovideuswithastatusreportonthisissue.FINISHTutorial11-90ASTAADrunisterminatedusingtheFINISHcommand.Savethefileandreturntothemainscreen.Thisconcludesthesessionongeneratingourmodelasacommandfileusingthebuilt-ineditor.Ifyouwishtoperformtheanalysisanddesign,youmayproceedtothenextsectionofthismanual.Theon-screenpost-processingfacilitiesareexplainedinSection1.10.

(Rememberthatwithoutsuccessfullycompletingtheanalysisanddesign,thepost-processingfacilitieswillnotbeaccessible.)Tutorial11-911.8PerformingAnalysis/DesignSTAAD.ProperformsAnalysisandDesignsimultaneously.InordertoperformAnalysisandDesign,selecttheRunAnalysisoptionfromtheAnalyzemenu.Figure1.85Ifthestructurehasnotbeensavedafterthelastchangewasmade,

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youshouldsavethestructurefirstbyusingtheSavecommandfromtheFilemenu.WhenyouselecttheRunAnalysisoptionfromtheAnalyzemenu,thefollowingdialogboxappears:Figure1.86Wearepresentedwiththechoiceof2engines:theSTAADengineandtheSTARDYNEAdvancedAnalysisengine.TheSTARDYNEAnalysisengineissuitableforadvancedproblemssuchasBucklingAnalysis,ModalExtractionusingvariousmethods,etc.However,ifthecalculationscallforsteelorconcretedesign,UBCloadgeneration,etc.,wehavetoselecttheSTAADengine.So,letusensurethattheradiobuttonisontheSTAADengine.Tutorial11-92ClickontheRunAnalysisbutton.Astheanalysisprogresses,severalmessagesappearonthescreenasshowninthefigurebelow.Figure1.87Noticethatwecanchoosefromthethreeoptionsavailableintheabovedialogbox:Figure1.88Tutorial11-93Theseoptionsareindicativeofwhatwillhappenafterweclickon

theDonebutton.TheViewOutputFileoptionallowsustoviewtheoutputfilecreatedbySTAAD.Theoutputfilecontainsthenumericalresultsproducedinresponsetothevariousinputcommandswespecifiedduringthemodelgenerationprocess.Italsotellsuswhetheranyerrorswereencountered,andifso,whethertheanalysisanddesignwassuccessfullycompletedornot.Section1.9offersadditionaldetailsonviewingandunderstandingthecontentsoftheoutputfile.TheGotoPostProcessingModeoptionallowsustogotographicalpartoftheprogramknownasthePost-processor.Thisiswhereonecanextensivelyverifytheresults,viewtheresultsgraphically,plotresultdiagrams,producereports,etc.Section1.10

explainsthePostprocessingmodeingreaterdetail.TheStayinModellingModeletsuscontinuetobeintheModelgenerationmodeoftheprogram(theonewecurrentlyarein)incasewewishtomakefurtherchangestoourmodel.Tutorial11-941.9ViewingtheoutputfileDuringtheanalysisprocess,STAAD.ProcreatesanOutputfile.Thisfileprovidesimportantinformationonwhethertheanalysiswereperformedproperly.Forexample,ifSTAAD.Proencountersaninstabilityproblemduringtheanalysisprocess,itwillbereportedintheoutputfile.Wecanaccesstheoutputfileusingthemethodexplainedatthe

endoftheprevioussection.Alternatively,wecanselecttheFile|View|OutputFile|STAADOutputoptionfromthetopmenu.TheSTAAD.Prooutputfilefortheproblemwejustranisshowninthenextfewpages.Figure1.89Tutorial11-95TheSTAAD.ProoutputfileisdisplayedthroughafileviewercalledSproView.Thisviewerallowsustosetthetextfontfortheentirefileandprinttheoutputfiletoaprinter.Usetheappropriate

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Filemenuoptionfromthemenubar.Figure1.90Bydefault,theoutputfilecontainsalistingoftheentireInputalso.YoumaychoosenottoprinttheechooftheInputcommandsintheOutputfile.PleaseselectCommands|Miscellaneous|SetEchooptionfromthemenubarandselecttheEchoOffbutton.Itisquiteimportantthatwebrowsethroughtheentireoutputfileandmakesurethattheresultslookreasonable,thattherearenoerrormessagesorwarningsreported,etc.Errorsencounteredduringtheanalysis&designcandisableaccesstothepostprocessingmode–thegraphicalscreenswhereresultscanbeviewedgraphically.Theinformationpresentedintheoutputfileisacrucialindicatorofwhetherornotthestructuresatisfiestheengineeringrequirementsofsafetyandserviceability.Tutorial11-96*******************************************************STAAD.Pro**VersionBld**ProprietaryProgramof**ResearchEngineers,Intl.**Date=**Time=*

***USERID:*****************************************************1.STAADPLANEPORTALFRAME2.STARTJOBINFORMATION3.ENGINEERDATE4.ENDJOBINFORMATION5.INPUTWIDTH796.UNITFEETKIP7.JOINTCOORDINATES8.1000;20150;320150;420009.MEMBERINCIDENCES10.112;223;334

11.DEFINEMATERIALSTART12.ISOTROPICSTEEL13.E4.176E+00614.POISSON0.315.DENSITY0.48902416.ALPHA6.5E-00617.DAMP0.0318.ENDDEFINEMATERIAL19.MEMBERPROPERTYAMERICAN20.13TABLESTW12X3521.2TABLESTW14X3422.CONSTANTS23.MATERIALSTEELMEMB1TO3

24.UNITINCHESKIP25.MEMBEROFFSET26.2START60027.2END-60028.SUPPORTS29.1FIXED30.4PINNED31.UNITFEETKIP32.LOAD1DEAD+LIVE33.MEMBERLOAD

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34.2UNIGY-2.535.LOAD2WINDFROMLEFT36.JOINTLOAD37.2FX1038.LOADCOMB375PERCENTOF{DL+LL+WL]39.10.7520.7540.PERFORMANALYSISPRINTSTATICSCHECKPROBLEMSTATISTICS-----------------------------------NUMBEROFJOINTS/MEMBER+ELEMENTS/SUPPORTS=4/3/2ORIGINAL/FINALBAND-WIDTH=1/1/6DOFTOTALPRIMARYLOADCASES=2,TOTALDEGREESOFFREEDOM=7SIZEOFSTIFFNESSMATRIX=1DOUBLEKILO-WORDSREQRD/AVAIL.DISKSPACE=12.0/3884.9MB,EXMEM=488.4MBSTATICLOAD/REACTION/EQUILIBRIUMSUMMARYFORCASENO.1DEAD+LIVE***TOTALAPPLIEDLOAD(KIPFEET)SUMMARY(LOADING1)SUMMATIONFORCE-X=0.00SUMMATIONFORCE-Y=-47.50SUMMATIONFORCE-Z=0.00SUMMATIONOFMOMENTSAROUNDTHEORIGINMX=0.00MY=0.00MZ=-475.00Tutorial11-97

***TOTALREACTIONLOAD(KIPFEET)SUMMARY(LOADING1)SUMMATIONFORCE-X=0.00SUMMATIONFORCE-Y=47.50SUMMATIONFORCE-Z=0.00SUMMATIONOFMOMENTSAROUNDTHEORIGINMX=0.00MY=0.00MZ=475.00MAXIMUMDISPLACEMENTS(INCH/RADIANS)(LOADING1)MAXIMUMSATNODEX=1.82363E-012Y=-1.46578E-023Z=0.00000E+000RX=0.00000E+000RY=0.00000E+000

RZ=-4.82525E-032STATICLOAD/REACTION/EQUILIBRIUMSUMMARYFORCASENO.2WINDFROMLEFT***TOTALAPPLIEDLOAD(KIPFEET)SUMMARY(LOADING2)SUMMATIONFORCE-X=10.00SUMMATIONFORCE-Y=0.00SUMMATIONFORCE-Z=0.00SUMMATIONOFMOMENTSAROUNDTHEORIGINMX=0.00MY=0.00MZ=-150.00***TOTALREACTIONLOAD(KIPFEET)SUMMARY(LOADING2)SUMMATIONFORCE-X=-10.00SUMMATIONFORCE-Y=0.00SUMMATIONFORCE-Z=0.00

SUMMATIONOFMOMENTSAROUNDTHEORIGINMX=0.00MY=0.00MZ=150.00MAXIMUMDISPLACEMENTS(INCH/RADIANS)(LOADING2)MAXIMUMSATNODEX=7.27304E-012Y=2.47268E-032Z=0.00000E+000RX=0.00000E+000RY=0.00000E+000RZ=-5.48842E-034

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************ENDOFDATAFROMINTERNALSTORAGE************41.UNITINCHESKIP42.PRINTMEMBERINFORMATIONALLMEMBERINFORMATION------------------MEMBERSTARTENDLENGTHBETAJOINTJOINT(INCH)(DEG)RELEASES112180.0000.00223228.0000.00334180.0000.00************ENDOFDATAFROMINTERNALSTORAGE************Tutorial11-9843.UNITFEETKIP44.PRINTMEMBERFORCESALLMEMBERENDFORCESSTRUCTURETYPE=PLANE-----------------ALLUNITSARE--KIPFEETMEMBERLOADJTAXIALSHEAR-YSHEAR-ZTORSIONMOM-YMOM-Z11123.18-3.990.000.000.00-11.482-23.183.990.000.000.00-48.4021-4.107.680.000.000.0067.9324.10-7.680.000.000.0047.323114.302.770.000.000.0042.34

2-14.30-2.770.000.000.00-0.812123.9923.180.000.000.0036.813-3.9924.320.000.000.00-47.72222.32-4.100.000.000.00-45.273-2.324.100.000.000.00-32.69324.7314.300.000.000.00-6.343-4.7321.320.000.000.00-60.3131324.323.990.000.000.0059.884-24.32-3.990.000.000.000.00234.102.320.000.000.0034.744-4.10-2.320.000.000.000.003321.324.730.000.000.0070.974-21.32-4.730.000.000.000.00

**************ENDOFLATESTANALYSISRESULT**************45.PRINTSUPPORTREACTIONLIST14SUPPORTREACTIONS-UNITKIPFEETSTRUCTURETYPE=PLANE-----------------JOINTLOADFORCE-XFORCE-YFORCE-ZMOM-XMOM-YMOMZ113.9923.180.000.000.00-11.482-7.68-4.100.000.000.0067.933-2.7714.300.000.000.0042.3441-3.9924.320.000.000.000.002-2.324.100.000.000.000.003-4.7321.320.000.000.000.00**************ENDOFLATESTANALYSISRESULT**************46.LOADLIST13

47.PARAMETER48.CODEAISC49.FYLD5760MEMB1TO350.UNT10MEMB2351.UNB10MEMB2352.TRACK2MEMB2353.SELECTMEMB23Tutorial11-99STAAD.PROMEMBERSELECTION-(AISC9THEDITION)

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***********************************************|--------------------------------------------------------------------------||YPROPERTIES||*************|ININCHUNIT||*|=============================|===|===------------||MEMBER2*|||AX=8.85||*|STW14X30||--ZAY=3.39||DESIGNCODE*|||AZ=3.47||AISC-1989*==================================|===SY=5.82||*SZ=42.05||*|<---LENGTH(FT)=19.00--->|RY=1.49||*************RZ=5.73||||70.5(KIP-FEET)||PARAMETER|L1L1STRESSES||INKIPINCH|L1INKIPINCH||---------------+L3-------------||KL/R-Y=153.21|L3FA=6.36||KL/R-Z=39.76+fa=0.45||UNL=120.00|L3L1FCZ=21.68||CB=1.00+L1FTZ=24.00||CMY=0.85|L3L3FCY=30.00||CMZ=0.85+FTY=30.00||FYLD=40.00|L1fbz=20.13|

|NSF=1.00+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---|fby=0.00||DFF=0.0013.8Fey=6.36||dff=0.00ABSOLUTEMZENVELOPEFez=94.46||(WITHLOADNO.)FV=16.00||fv=0.17||||MAXFORCE/MOMENTSUMMARY(KIP-FEET)||-------------------------||||AXIALSHEAR-YSHEAR-ZMOMENT-YMOMENT-Z||||VALUE4.724.30.00.070.5||LOCATION0.019.00.00.09.5|

|LOADING31001||||**************************************************************************||**||*DESIGNSUMMARY(KIP-FEET)*||*--------------*||**||*RESULT/CRITICALCOND/RATIO/LOADING/*||FXMYMZLOCATION||======================================================||PASSAISC-H1-30.9991||3.99C0.00-70.559.50||**|

|**************************************************************************||||--------------------------------------------------------------------------|Tutorial11-100STAAD.PROMEMBERSELECTION-(AISC9THEDITION)***********************************************|--------------------------------------------------------------------------||YPROPERTIES||*************|ININCHUNIT|

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|*|=============================|===|===------------||MEMBER3*|||AX=10.00||*|STW14X34||--ZAY=3.61||DESIGNCODE*|||AZ=4.10||AISC-1989*==================================|===SY=6.91||*SZ=48.64||*|<---LENGTH(FT)=15.00--->|RY=1.53||*************RZ=5.83||||71.0(KIP-FEET)||PARAMETER|L3STRESSES||INKIPINCH|L3INKIPINCH||---------------+L3L3-------------||KL/R-Y=117.92|L3FA=10.72||KL/R-Z=30.87+fa=2.13||UNL=120.00|L3L3FCZ=21.95||CB=1.00+FTZ=24.00||CMY=0.85|L3FCY=30.00||CMZ=0.85+L3L3FTY=30.00||FYLD=40.00|L0fbz=17.51||NSF=1.00+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---|fby=0.00||DFF=0.00-3.9Fey=10.74||dff=0.00ABSOLUTEMZENVELOPEFez=156.71||(WITHLOADNO.)FV=16.00|

|fv=1.31||||MAXFORCE/MOMENTSUMMARY(KIP-FEET)||-------------------------||||AXIALSHEAR-YSHEAR-ZMOMENT-YMOMENT-Z||||VALUE24.34.70.00.071.0||LOCATION0.00.00.00.00.0||LOADING13003||||**************************************************************************||**|

|*DESIGNSUMMARY(KIP-FEET)*||*--------------*||**||*RESULT/CRITICALCOND/RATIO/LOADING/*||FXMYMZLOCATION||======================================================||PASSAISC-H1-20.8863||21.32C0.0070.970.00||**||**************************************************************************||||--------------------------------------------------------------------------|54.PERFORMANALYSIS

55.PARAMETER56.CODEAISC57.TRACK1MEMB1TO358.CHECKCODEMEMB1TO3Tutorial11-101STAAD.PROCODECHECKING-(AISC9THEDITION)********************************************ALLUNITSARE-KIPFEET(UNLESSOTHERWISENOTED)MEMBERTABLERESULT/CRITICALCOND/RATIO/LOADING/

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FXMYMZLOCATION=======================================================================1STW12X35PASSAISC-H1-10.855123.02C0.0052.0115.00-----------------------------------------------------------------------|MEM=1,UNITKIP-INCH,L=180.0AX=10.30SZ=45.6SY=7.5||KL/R-Y=116.7CB=1.00YLD=40.00ALLOWABLESTRESSES:FCZ=18.19||FTZ=24.00FCY=30.00FTY=30.00FC=10.94FT=24.00FV=16.00|-----------------------------------------------------------------------2STW14X30PASSAISC-H1-30.96935.16C0.0066.6419.00-----------------------------------------------------------------------|MEM=2,UNITKIP-INCH,L=228.0AX=8.85SZ=42.1SY=5.8||KL/R-Y=153.2CB=1.00YLD=40.00ALLOWABLESTRESSES:FCZ=21.68||FTZ=24.00FCY=30.00FTY=30.00FC=6.36FT=24.00FV=16.00|-----------------------------------------------------------------------3STW14X34PASSAISC-H1-20.959321.45C0.0077.360.00-----------------------------------------------------------------------|MEM=3,UNITKIP-INCH,L=180.0AX=10.00SZ=48.6SY=6.9||KL/R-Y=117.9CB=1.00YLD=40.00ALLOWABLESTRESSES:FCZ=21.95||FTZ=24.00FCY=30.00FTY=30.00FC=10.72FT=24.00FV=16.00|-----------------------------------------------------------------------59.FINISH

***********ENDOFTHESTAAD.ProRUN***************DATE=TIME=****************************************************************ForquestionsonSTAAD.Pro,pleasecontact**ResearchEngineersOfficesatthefollowinglocations****TelephoneEmail**USA:+1(714)[email protected]**CANADA+1(905)[email protected]**CANADA+1(604)[email protected]**UK+44(1454)[email protected]**FRANCE+33(0)[email protected]**GERMANY+49/931/[email protected]*

*[email protected]**SINGAPORE+656225-6015/[email protected]**INDIA+91(033)[email protected]**JAPAN+81(03)[email protected]**CHINA+86(411)[email protected]****[email protected]**[email protected]**[email protected]*************************************************************Tutorial11-1021.10Post-Processing

STAAD.Prooffersextensiveresultverificationandvisualizationfacilities.ThesefacilitiesareaccessedfromthePostProcessingMode.ThePostProcessingmodeisusedtoverifytheanalysisanddesignresultsandgeneratereports.Forthistutorialproblem,weshallperformthefollowingtasks:•Displaydeflectiondiagrams•AnnotateDisplacements•Displaytheforceandmomentdiagrams.•Changethedegreeoffreedomforwhichtheforce/momentdiagramisplotted

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•Annotatetheforcediagram•DisplayingdimensionsofmembersTutorial11-1031.10.1Goingtothepost-processingmodeSteps:1.Attheendofsection1.8,wesawhowonecouldgodirectlyfromtheAnalysiswindowtothepost-processingscreen.However,theformalmethodofaccessingthePostProcessingmodeiseitherbyclickingonthePost-ProcessingiconfromthetoptoolbarorfromtheModemenuasshowninthefiguresbelow.Figure1.91Figure1.92Tutorial11-1042.TheResultsSetupdialogboxappearsasshownbelow.Selecttheloadcasesforwhichtodisplaytheresults.Forthistutorial,letusselectalltheloadcases.ThenclickontheOKbutton.Figure1.93Tutorial11-105NoticethatinthePost-Processingmode,thetabbedPageControlbarandthemenubarchangetoofferthepostprocessingfunctions.PageControlinPageControlin

ModelingModePost-ProcessingModeFigure1.94MenuBarinModelingModeMenuBarinPost-ProcessingModeFigure1.95Tutorial11-1061.10.2AnnotatingthedisplacementsSteps:Thescreenwillnowlooklikethefigureshownbelow.Figure1.96Thediagramcurrentlyondisplayisthenodedeflectiondiagramforloadcase1(DEAD+LIVE).Thetitleatthebottomofthe

diagramisindicativeofthataspect.Ifyou,say,wanderedoffintoanyotherresultdiagram,andwantedtogetbacktothedeflectiondiagram,justselecttheNode|Displacementtabalongthepagecontrolareaontheleftside.Tutorial11-107Figure1.97Annotationistheprocessofdisplayingthedisplacementvaluesonthescreen.SelecttheViewValueoptionfromtheResultsmenu.Figure1.98Tutorial11-108Thefollowingdialogboxcomesup.FromtheRangestab,select

Allnodes.Ifyouwishtoannotatedeflectionforjustafewnodes,specifythenodenumbersinthenodelist.Figure1.99Wewillannotatetheresultsforallthenodes.So,keepthebuttononAll.Tutorial11-109FromtheNodetab,checktheResultantoption.ResultantstandsforthesquarerootofsumofsquaresofvaluesofX,YandZdisplacements.ClicktheAnnotatebuttonandnoticethatthe

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valuesappearonthestructure.ClicktheClosebuttontoclosethedialogbox.Figure1.100Tutorial11-110Thefollowingfigureshowstheannotateddeflectiondiagramforloadcase1.Figure1.101Tutorial11-1111.10.3Displayingforce/momentdiagramsSteps:Thesimplestmethodtoaccessthefacilitiesfordisplayingforce/momentdiagramsisfromtheBeam|Forcespagealongthepagecontrolareaontheleftsideofthescreen.ThebendingmomentMZwillbeplottedbydefault,evidenceofwhichcanbefoundintheformoftheMziconshowinthediagrambelowwhichbecomesactive.Figure1.102Tutorial11-112Figure1.103Tutorial11-113

Theoptionforselectingtheforces/momentdiagramisavailablefromanotherfacilityalso-theResults|BendingMomentmenuoption.Figure1.104Tutorial11-1141.10.4Annotatingtheforce/momentdiagramSteps:Annotationistheprocessofdisplayingtheforce/momentvaluesonthescreen.SelecttheViewValueoptionfromtheResultsmenu.Figure1.105Inthedialogboxthatcomesup,clickontheRangestabandselectAllmembers.Ifyouwishtoannotatetheforce/momentforjusta

fewmembers,specifythebeamnumbersinthebeamlist.Tutorial11-115Figure1.106Wewillannotatetheresultsforallmembers.So,keepthebuttononAll.FromtheBeamResultstab,checktheEndsandMidPointoptionsundertheBendingsection.ClicktheAnnotatebuttonandnoticethatthevaluesappearonthestructure.ClicktheClosebuttontoclosethedialogbox.Figure1.107Tutorial11-116

ThefollowingfigureshowstheannotatedMZdiagramforloadcase2.Figure1.108Tutorial11-1171.10.5ChangingthedegreeoffreedomforwhichforcesdiagramisplottedForceandmomentdiagramscanbeplottedfor6degreesoffreedom–Axial,Shear-Y,Shear-Z,Torsion,Moment-Y,Moment-Z.Onemayselectorde-selectoneofmoreofthesedegreesof

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freedomfromView|StructureDiagrams|LoadsandResults.LetusselectShearyyandselectloadcase3(75PERCENTOF[DL+LL+WL]asshownbelow.Figure1.109Tutorial11-118Theresultingfigureisshownbelow.Figure1.110AlldegreesoffreedomcurrentlyplottedwillbeindicatedwithatickmarkintheDiagramsdialogbox.TheiconsoftheResultstoolbarmayalsobeusedtoturnon/offspecificdegreesoffreedom.Figure1.111Tutorial11-119Forthesakeofeasyidentification,eachdegreeoffreedom(d.o.f)hasbeenassignedadifferentcolor(seeDiagramsdialogboxshownabove).Onemaychangethecolorforthatd.o.f.byclickingonthecolorbuttonalongsidethed.o.f,andmakeanewchoicefromthecolorpalette.Figure1.112Theappearanceofthediagrammayalsobesettooneofthe3–Hatch,FillorOutlinebyturningontherelevantoptioninthedialogboxshownearlier.

Figure1.113Tutorial11-1201.10.6DisplayingthedimensionsofthemembersTodisplaythedimensionofthemembers,clickontheDimensionicon.Alternatively,onemayselecttheDimensionBeamsoptionfromtheToolsmenu.Inthedialogboxthatopens,theoptionDimensiontoViewisactive.ClickontheDisplaybuttonfollowedbytheClosebutton,andthedimensionsofthememberswillappearalongsidethemembers.Figure1.114Figure1.115

Tutorial11-121Thediagramwilllookliketheoneshownbelow.Figure1.116WecanopttosavethescreenshotbyclickingontheTakePictureicon(shownbelow).Thispicturemaybeincludedincustomreports.SeeChapter2foratutorialontakingpicturesaswellasgeneratingcustomreports.Figure1.117Tutorial11-122Forobtainingaquickprintoftheplotonthescreen,selectthePrintCurrentViewiconasshownbelow.

Figure1.118FordetailedinformationonthePostProcessingfeatures,pleaserefertothePostProcessingsectionintheSTAAD.ProGraphicalEnvironmentmanual.Tutorial11-1231-1242-1TutorialProblem2:RCFramedStructureThistutorialprovidesstep-by-stepinstructionsforcreatingthe

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modelofareinforcedconcreteframedstructureusingSTAAD.Pro.Thefollowingtopicsarecovered:•StartingtheProgram•CreatingJointsandMembers•SwitchingOnNodeandBeamLabels•SpecifyingMemberPropertiesandMaterialConstants•SpecifyingMemberOrientationusingBetaAngle•SpecifyingSupports•SpecifyingLoads•SpecifyingtheAnalysisType•SpecifyingtheparametersandinstructionsforConcreteDesign•PerformingAnalysisandDesign•ViewingresultsusingtheOutputFile•Viewingresultsonscreen–bothgraphicallyandnumerically•ProducingcustomizedreportsSection2Tutorial22-22.1MethodsofcreatingthemodelAsexplainedinSection1.1oftutorialproblem1,therearetwomethodsofcreatingthestructuredata:a)usingthegraphicalmodelgenerationmode,orgraphicaluserinterface(GUI)asitisusuallyreferredto.b)usingthecommandfile.

Bothmethodsareexplainedinthistutorialalso.Thegraphicalmethodisexplainedfirst,fromSection2.2onwards.Section2.8describestheprocessofcreatingthemodelusingthecommandfilemethodandtheSTAAD.Protexteditor.Tutorial22-32.2DescriptionofthetutorialproblemThestructureforthisprojectisa2bay,2storyreinforcedconcreteframe.Thefigurebelowshowsthestructure.Ourgoalistocreatethemodel,assignallrequiredinput,andperformtheanalysisandconcretedesign.13.5m1

4523623546.0m6.0mZYX

Figure2.1Tutorial22-4BASICDATAFORTHESTRUCTUREATTRIBUTEDATAMemberpropertiesBeams2&5:Rectangular,275mmwidthX350mmdepthColumns1&4:Rectangular,275mmwidthX300mmdepthColumn3:Circular,350mmdiameter

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MemberOrientationAllmembersexceptcolumn4:DefaultColumn4:Rotatedby90degreeswithrespecttodefaultconditionMaterialConstantsModulusofElasticity:22KN/sq.mmDensity:25kn/cu.mPoisson

sRatio:0.17SupportsBaseofallcolumns:FixedLoadsLoadcase1:DeadLoadSelfweightofthestructure.Beams2&5:400kg/minglobalYdownwardLoadcase2:LiveLoadBeams2&5:600kg/minglobalYdownwardLoadcase3:WindLoadBeam1:300kg/malongpositiveglobalXBeam4:500kg/malongpositiveglobalXLoadCase4:DEAD+LIVEL1X1.2+L2X1.5(UseREPEATLOAD,notLoadCombination)LoadCase5:DEAD+WINDL1X1.1+L2X1.3(UseREPEATLOAD,notLoadCombination)Tutorial22-5

ATTRIBUTEDATAAnalysisTypePDELTAConcreteDesignConsiderloadcases4and5only.Parameters:UltimateStrengthofSteel:415N/sq.mmConcreteStrength:25N/sq.mmClearcoverfortop:25mmClearcoverforbottom:30mmClearcoverforside:25mmDesignbeams2and5Designcolumns1,3and4Tutorial22-62.3Startingtheprogram

SelecttheSTAAD.ProiconfromtheSTAAD.Pro2006programgroup.Figure2.2Tutorial22-7TheSTAAD.ProGraphicalEnvironmentwillbeinvokedandthefollowingscreencomesup.Figure2.3ThisNewdialogboxwillcomeupeverytimewestarttheprogram.Toturnthisfeatureoff,simplyunchecktheDisplaythisdialogboxatStartupboxatthelowerlefthandcorner.ThisfeaturecanbeturnedonagainatalatertimewhenFile|Newisinvokedfromthemainmenu.

Tutorial22-8Noteabouttheunitsystem:Therearetwobaseunitsystemsintheprogramwhichcontroltheunits(length,force,temperature,etc.)inwhich,values,specificallyresultsandotherinformationpresentedinthetablesandreports,aredisplayedin.ThebaseunitsystemalsodictateswhattypeofdefaultvaluestheprogramwillusewhenattributessuchasModulusofElasticity,Density,etc.,areassignedbasedonmaterialtypes–Steel,Concrete,Aluminum–selectedfromthe

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program’slibrary(PleaserefertoSection5oftheSTAAD.ProTechnicalReferenceManualfordetails).ThesetwounitsystemsareEnglish(Foot,Pound,etc.)andMetric(KN,Meter,etc.).Ifyourecall,oneofthechoicesmadeatthetimeofinstallingSTAAD.Proisthisbaseunitsystemsetting.Thatchoicewillserveasthedefaultuntilwespecificallychangeit.TheplacefromwherewecanchangethissettingisundertheFile|Configuremenu.Togettothatoption,firstclosedownthedialogboxshownintheearlierfigurebyclickingonCancel.Then,clickontheFile|Configuremenuoption(seefigurebelow)andchoosetheappropriateunitsystemyouwant.Forthistutorial,letuschoosetheMetricunits(KN,Meter,etc.).Figure2.4Tutorial22-9Figure2.5ClickontheAcceptbuttontoclosetheabovedialogbox.Tutorial22-10Followingthis,selectFile|Newonceagain.Figure2.6ThedialogboxshowninFigure2.3willre-appear.Tutorial22-11

2.4Creatinganewstructure1.IntheNewdialogbox,weprovidesomecrucialinitialdatanecessaryforbuildingthemodel.ThestructuretypeistobedefinedbychoosingfromamongSpace,Plane,FloorandTruss.ASpacetypeisonewherethestructure,theloadingorboth,causethestructuretodeforminall3globalaxes(X,YandZ).InaPlanetype,thegeometry,loadinganddeformationarerestrictedtotheglobalX-Yplaneonly.AFloortypeisastructurewhosegeometryisconfinedtotheX-Zplane.ATrusstypeofstructurecarriesloadingbypureaxialaction.Trussmembersaredeemedincapableofcarryingshear,bendingandtorsion.Forourmodel,letuschooseSpace.WechooseMeterasthelengthunitandKiloNewtonastheforce

unitinwhichwewillstarttobuildthemodel.Theunitscanbechangedlaterifnecessary,atanystageofthemodelcreation.WealsoneedtoprovideanameintheFileNameeditbox.Thisisthenameunderwhichthestructuredatawillbesavedonthecomputerharddisk.Thename“Structure?”(?willbeanumber)isrecommendedbytheprogrambydefault,butwecanchangeittoanynamewewant.Letuschoosethenamercframe.Adefaultpathname-thelocationonthecomputerdrivewherethefilewillbesaved–isprovidedbytheprogramunderLocation.Ifyouwishtosavethefileinadifferentlocation,typeinthename,orclickthebuttonandspecifythedesiredpath.Afterspecifyingtheaboveinput,clickontheNextbutton.Tutorial2

2-12Figure2.72.Inthenextdialogbox,wechoosethetoolstobeusedtoinitiallyconstructthemodel.AddBeams,AddPlatesorAddSolidsare,respectively,thestartingpointsforconstructingbeams,platesorsolids.OpenStructureWizardprovidesaccesstoalibraryofstructuraltemplateswhichtheprogramcomesequippedwith.Thosetemplatemodelscanbeextractedandmodifiedparametricallytoarriveatourmodelgeometryorsomeofitsparts.IfthemodelistobecreatedinitiallyusingtheSTAADcommand

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language,theOpenSTAADEditorboxcantakeustotheSTAADeditor.PleaserememberthatalltheseoptionsarealsoavailablefromthemenusanddialogboxesoftheGUI,evenafterwedismissthisdialogbox.Note:IfyouwishtousetheEditortocreatethemodel,chooseOpenSTAADEditor,clickFinish,andproceedtoSection2.8.Tutorial22-13Forourmodel,letuschecktheAddBeamoption.ClickontheFinishbutton.ThedialogboxwillbedismissedandtheSTAAD.Prographicalenvironmentwillbedisplayed.Figure2.8Tutorial22-142.5ElementsoftheSTAAD.ProscreenTheSTAAD.Promainwindowistheprimaryscreenfromwherethemodelgenerationprocesstakesplace.ItisimportanttofamiliarizeourselveswiththecomponentsofthatwindowbeforeweembarkoncreatingtheRCFrame.Section1.5intutorialproblem1ofthismanualexplainsthecomponentsofthatwindowindetail.Tutorial22-152.6BuildingtheSTAAD.Promodel

Wearenowreadytostartbuildingthemodelgeometry.Thestepsand,whereverpossible,thecorrespondingSTAAD.Procommands(theinstructionswhichgetwrittenintheSTAADinputfile)aredescribedinthefollowingsections.Tutorial22-162.6.1GeneratingthemodelgeometryThestructuregeometryconsistsofjointnumbers,theircoordinates,membernumbers,thememberconnectivityinformation,plateelementnumbers,etc.FromthestandpointoftheSTAADcommandfile,thecommandstobegeneratedforthestructureshowninsection2.2are:JOINTCOORDINATES

10.00.00.0;20.03.50.036.03.50.0;46.00.00.056.00.06.0;66.03.56.0MEMBERINCIDENCE112;223;334;456;536Steps:1.WeselectedtheAddBeamoptionearliertoenableustoaddbeamsandcolumnstocreatethestructure.Thisinitiatesagridinthemaindrawingareaasshownbelow.Thedirectionsoftheglobalaxes(X,Y,Z)arerepresentedintheiconinthelowerlefthandcornerofthedrawingarea.Figure2.9Tutorial2

2-172.ASnapNode/Beamdialogboxalsoappearsinthedataareaontherightsideofthescreen.Inourstructure,thesegmentconsistingofmembers1to3,andnodes1to4,happenstolieintheX-Yplane.So,inthisdialogbox,letuskeepX-YasthePlaneofthegrid.ThesizeofthemodelthatcanbedrawnatanytimeiscontrolledbythenumberofConstructionLinestotheleftandrightoftheoriginofaxes,andtheSpacingbetweenadjacentconstructionlines.Bysetting12asthenumberoflinestotherightoftheoriginalongX,7abovetheoriginalongY,andaspacingof0.5meterbetween

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linesalongbothXandY(seefigurebelow)wecandrawaframe6mX3.5m,adequateforoursegment.Pleasenotethatthesesettingsareonlyastartinggridsetting,toenableustostartdrawingthestructure,andtheydonotrestrictouroverallmodeltothoselimits.Figure2.10Tutorial22-183.Tostartcreatingthenodes,letusfirstactivatetheSnapNode/Beambuttonbyclickingonit.Then,withthehelpofthemouse,clickattheorigin(0,0)tocreatethefirstnode.Figure2.114.Inasimilarfashion,clickonthefollowingpointstocreatenodesandautomaticallyjoinsuccessivenodesbybeammembers.(0,3.5),(6,3.5)and(6,0)TheexactlocationofthemousearrowcanbemonitoredonthestatusbarlocatedatthebottomofthewindowwheretheX,Y,andZcoordinatesofthecurrentcursorpositionarecontinuouslyupdated.Tutorial22-19Whensteps1to4arecompleted,theframewillbedisplayedinthedrawingareaasshownbelow.Figure2.12

Tutorial22-205.Atthispoint,letusremovethegriddisplayfromthestructure.Todothat,clickontheClosebuttonintheSnapNode/Beamdialogbox.Figure2.13Tutorial22-21Thegridwillnowberemovedandthestructureinthemainwindowshouldresemblethefigureshownbelow.Figure2.146.Itisveryimportantthatwesaveourworkoften,toavoidlossofdataandprotectourinvestmentoftimeandeffortagainstpower

interruptions,systemproblems,orotherunforeseenevents.Tosavethefile,pulldowntheFilemenuandselecttheSavecommand.Tutorial22-22Switchingonnodeandbeamlabels7.Nodeandbeamlabelsareawayofidentifyingtheentitieswehavedrawnonthescreen.Inordertodisplaythenodeandbeamnumbers,rightclickanywhereinthedrawingarea.Inthepop-upmenuthatappears,chooseLabels.Alternatively,onemayaccessthisoptionbyselectingtheViewmenufollowedbytheStructureDiagramsoptionfromthetopmenubar,andtheLabelstabofthedialogboxthatcomesup.Figure2.15

Tutorial22-238.IntheDiagramsdialogboxthatappears,turntheNodeNumbersandBeamNumbersonandthenclickonOK.Figure2.16Tutorial22-24Thefollowingfigureillustratesthenodeandbeamnumbersdisplayedonthestructure.Thestructureinthemainwindowshouldresemblethefigureshownbelow.

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Figure2.17Ifyouarefeelingadventurous,hereisasmallexerciseforyou.Changethefontofthenode/beamlabelsbygoingtotheViewmenuandselectingtheOptionscommand,andthenselectingtheappropriatetab(NodeLabels/Beamlabels)fromtheOptionsdialogbox.Tutorial22-259.Examiningthestructureshowninsection2.2ofthistutorial,itcanbeseenthatmembers4and5canbeeasilygeneratedifwecouldfirstcreateacopyofmembers1and2andthenrotatethosecopiedunitsaboutaverticallinepassingthroughthepoint(6,0,0,thatis,node4)by90degrees.Fortunately,suchafacilitydoesexistwhichcanbeexecutedinasinglestep.ItiscalledCircularRepeatandisavailableundertheGeometrymenu.First,selectmembers1and2usingtheBeamsCursor.(Pleaserefertothe‘FrequentlyPerformedTasks’sectionattheendofthismanualtolearnmoreaboutselectingmembers.)10.Then,eitherclickontheCircularRepeaticonfromtheappropriatetoolbar,or,gototheGeometry|CircularRepeatmenuoptionasshownbelow.Figure2.18Tutorial22-26

11.Inthe3DCirculardialogboxthatcomesup,specifytheAxisofRotationasY,TotalAngleas90degrees,No.ofStepsas1andtheverticallineaspassingthroughNode4.InsteadofspecifyingaspassingthroughNode4,onemayalsospecifytheXandZcoordinatesas6and0respectively.LeavetheLinkStepsboxuncheckedandclickontheOKbutton.Figure2.19Tutorial22-27Aftercompletingthecircularrepeatprocedure,themodelwilllookasshownbelow.BeforeFigure2.20

AfterFigure2.21Ifanyofthemembersarepresentlyselected,letusunselectthembyclickinganywhereelseinthedrawingarea.Then,letusonceagainsavetheworkbypullingdowntheFilemenuandselectingtheSavecommand.Tutorial22-282.6.2ChangingtheinputunitsoflengthAsamatterofconvenience,forspecifyingmemberpropertiesforourstructure,itissimplerifourlengthunitsaremillimeterinsteadofmeter.Thiswillrequirechangingthecurrentlengthunitsofinput.Thecommandstobegeneratedare:

UNITMMSKNSteps:1.ClickontheInputUnitsiconfromtheappropriatetoolbar.Figure2.22Alternatively,onemayselecttheTools|SetCurrentInputUnitmenuoptionasshowninthenextfigure.Tutorial22-29Figure2.232.Ineithercase,thefollowingdialogboxcomesup.SettheLength

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UnitstoMillimeterandclickontheOKbutton.Figure2.24Tutorial22-302.6.3SpecifyingmemberpropertiesOurnexttaskistoassigncrosssectionpropertiesforthebeamsandcolumns(seesection2.2).ForthoseofuscurioustoknowtheequivalentcommandsintheSTAADcommandfile,theyare:MEMBPROP14PRISYD300ZD27525PRISYD350ZD2753PRISYD350Steps:1.ClickonthePropertyPageiconlocatedontheStructureToolstoolbar.Figure2.25Tutorial22-31Alternatively,onemaygototheGeneral|Propertypagefromtheleftsideofthescreenasshownbelow.Figure2.26Tutorial22-322.Ineithercase,thePropertiesdialogboxcomesup.Theproperty

typewewishtoassigniscalledPRISMATIC,andisavailableundertheDefinebuttoninthePropertiesdialogboxasshownbelow.Figure2.273.Inthedialogboxthatcomesup,selecttheRectangletab.NoticethatthefieldcalledMaterialispresentlyonthecheckedmode.Ifwekeepitthatway,thematerialpropertiesofconcrete(E,Poisson,Density,Alpha,etc.)willbeassignedalongwiththecross-sectionname.Thematerialpropertyvaluessoassignedwillbetheprogramdefaults.Wedonotwantdefaultvalues,insteadwewillassignourownvalueslateron.Consequently,letusunchecktheMaterialbox.Then,enterthefollowingvalues:YD=300mmZD=275mm

Tutorial22-33Finally,clickontheAddbuttonasshownbelow.Figure2.284.Tocreatethesecondmemberproperty(PRISYD350ZD275),provide350forYDand275forZD(insteadof300and275)andclickontheAddbutton.Tocreatethethirdmemberproperty,inthePropertydialogbox,selecttheCircleoption.Specifythediameter(YD)as350mm.Onceagain,unchecktheMaterialboxandclickontheAddbutton.Figure2.29Nowthatwehavefinishedcreatingthememberproperties,letus

Closethisdialogbox.Tutorial22-34Thenextstepistoassignthesememberpropertiesinthefollowingmanner:Rect0.30x0.28–members1and4Rect0.35x0.28–members2and5Cir0.35–member3Toassignthememberproperties,followthesesteps:a.SelectthefirstpropertyreferenceinthePropertiesdialog

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box(Rect0.30x28).b.Makesurethatthe“UseCursortoAssign”buttonisselectedundertheAssignmentMethodbox.c.ClickontheAssignbutton.Thecursorchangestod.Usingthecursor,clickonmembers1and4.e.Finally,clickontheAssignbuttonagain,ortypethe‘Esc’buttononyourkeyboardtostoptheassignmentprocess.Figure2.30Inasimilarfashion,assigntheremainingproperties.Tutorial22-35Afterallthememberpropertieshavebeenassigned,themodelwilllookasshownbelow.Figure2.31WeoughttosavethemodelonceagainbypullingdowntheFilemenuandselectingtheSavecommand.Tutorial22-362.6.4SpecifyinggeometricconstantsIntheabsenceofanyexplicitinstructions,STAADwillorientthebeamsandcolumnsofthestructureinapre-definedway.Orientationreferstothedirectionsalongwhichthewidthanddepthofthecrosssectionarealignedwithrespecttotheglobalaxissystem.Theruleswhichdictatethisdefaultorientationare

explainedinSection1oftheSTAAD.ProTechnicalReferenceManual.Wewishtoorientmember4sothatitslongeredges(sidesparalleltolocalYaxis)areparalleltotheglobalZaxis.Thisrequiresapplyingabetaangleof90degrees.Thecommandwhichneedstobegeneratedis:BETA90MEMB4Steps:1.SelecttheBetaAngletabinthePropertiesdialogbox.2.Inthedialogbox,specifytheangleas90degrees.Selectmember4usingtheBeamsCursor.Noticethatasweselectthemember,theAssignmentMethodautomaticallysetstoAssigntoSelectedBeams.Clickonthe

Assignbutton.Clickanywhereinthedrawingareatoun-highlightthemember.Tutorial22-37Figure2.32(Analternativemethodtoassignbetaanglesisthefollowing.Firstselectthememberforwhichyouwishtoassignthebetaangle.Then,gototheCommands|GeometricConstants|BetaAnglemenuoption.SpecifytheAngleinDegreestobe90,ensurethattheassignmentmethodis“ToSelection”andclickonOK.)Figure2.33OnemayviewtheorientationofthememberlocalaxesbygoingtotheView|Structurediagrams|Labelsmenuoptionandswitching

onBeamOrientation.Tutorial22-382.6.5SpecifyingmaterialconstantsAtthetimeofassigningmemberproperties,wedeliberatelychosenottoassignthematerialconstantssimultaneously,sincewewantedtospecifyvalueswhicharedifferentfromthebuilt-indefaults.Thedesiredvaluesarelistedatthebeginningofthistutorial.ThecorrespondingcommandswewishtogenerateintheSTAADinputfileare:

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CONSTANTSE22ALLUNITMETERDENSITY25.0ALLPOISSON0.17ALLSteps:1.FromtheCommandsmenu,selectMaterialConstants.TodefinetheModulusofElasticity,selecttheElasticityoptionasshownbelow.Figure2.34Tutorial22-392.IntheMaterialConstantdialogboxthatappears,enter22intheEnterValuebox.Sincethevaluehastobeassignedtoallthemembersofthestructure,thecurrentsettingoftheassignmentmethod,namely,ToView,allowsustoachievethiseasily.Then,clickonOK.Figure2.353.ForspecifyingtheDENSITYconstant,itwillbeconvenientifwechangeourlengthunitstometers.Tochangethelengthunits,asbefore,clickontheInputUnitsiconfromtheStructuretoolbar,orselecttheTools|SetCurrentInputUnitmenuoptionfromthetopmenubar.IntheSetCurrentInputUnitsdialogboxthatcomesup,specifythelengthunitsasMeter.

Figure2.36Tutorial22-404.Followingthesteps1and2above,wechooseCommands|MaterialConstants|Density,specifythevalueas25KN/m3,andassignToView.5.TodefinethePOISSON’SRATIO,usingthesimilarprocedureasdescribedabove,providethevalue0.17toallmembersintheView.Tutorial22-412.6.6SpecifyingSupportsThebasenodesofallthecolumnsarerestrainedagainsttranslation

androtationaboutallthe3globalaxes(seesection2.2).Inotherwords,fixedsupportsaretobespecifiedatthosenodes.Thecommandstobegeneratedare:SUPPORTS145FIXEDSteps:1.Tocreatesupports,clickontheSupportPageiconlocatedintheStructureToolstoolbarasshownbelow.Figure2.37Tutorial22-42Alternatively,onemaygototheGeneral|SupportPagefromtheleftsideofthescreen.

Figure2.38Tutorial22-432.Ineithercase,theSupportsdialogboxcomesup.Sincewealreadyknowthatnodes1,4and5aretobeassociatedwiththeFixedsupport,usingtheNodesCursor,selectthesenodes.3.Then,clickontheCreatebuttonintheSupportsdialogboxasshownbelow.Figure2.39Tutorial2

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2-444.TheCreateSupportdialogboxcomesup.Inthedialogbox,theFixedtabhappenstobethedefaultwhichisconvenientforthiscase.ClickontheAssignbuttonasshownbelow.Figure2.40Tutorial22-45Afterthesupportshavebeenassigned,thestructurewilllookliketheoneshownbelow.Figure2.41Clickanywhereinthedrawingareatoun-selectallselectednodesandpreventaccidentalassignmentofunwanteddatatothosenodes.Asearlier,savetheworkcompletedsofarbygoingtotheFilemenuandclickingontheSavecommand.Tutorial22-462.6.7SpecifyingLoads5loadcasesaretobecreatedforthisstructure.Detailsoftheindividualcasesareexplainedatthebeginningofthistutorial.Thecorrespondingcommandstobegeneratedarelistedbelow.Noticethatcases4and5aretobegeneratednotasthestandardcombinationtype,butusingacombinationloadtypecalledREPEATLOAD.Theinstructionsatthebeginningofthistutorialrequireustoanalyzethisstructureusingananalysistypecalled

PDelta.APdeltaanalysisisanon-lineartypeofanalysis.InSTAAD,toaccuratelyaccountforthePDeltaeffectsarisingfromthesimultaneousactionofpreviouslydefinedhorizontalandverticalloads,thosepreviouscasesmustbeincludedascomponentsofthecombinationcaseusingtheREPEATLOADtype.UNITMETERKGLOAD1DEADLOADSELFWEIGHTY-1MEMBERLOAD25UNIGY-400LOAD2LIVELOADMEMBERLOAD

25UNIGY-600LOAD3WINDLOADMEMBERLOAD1UNIGX3004UNIGX500LOAD4DEAD+LIVEREPEATLOAD11.221.5Tutorial22-47LOAD5DEAD+WINDREPEATLOAD11.131.3

Steps:LOADCASE11.Tocreateloads,clickontheLoadPageiconlocatedontheStructureToolstoolbar.Figure2.42Alternatively,onemaygototheGeneral|LoadPagefromtheleftsideofthescreen.Figure2.43Tutorial22-48

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2.Awindowtitled“Load”appearsontheright-handsideofthescreen.Toinitiatethefirstloadcase,highlighttheLoadCasesDetailsoptionandclickontheAddbutton.Figure2.443.TheAddNewLoadCasesdialogboxcomesup.Thedrop-downlistboxagainstLoadingTypeisavailableincasewewishtoassociatetheloadcasewearecreatingwithanyoftheACI,AISCorIBCdefinitionsofDead,Live,Ice,etc.Thistypeofassociationneedstobedoneifweintendtousetheprogram

sfacilityforautomaticallygeneratingloadcombinationsinaccordancewiththosecodes.NoticethatthereisacheckboxcalledReducibleperUBC/IBC.ThisfeaturebecomesactiveonlywhentheloadcaseisassignedaLoadingTypecalledLiveatthetimeofcreationofthatcase.PleaserefertoSTAAD.Pro2004ReleaseReportforfurtherdetails.Aswedonotintendtousetheautomaticloadcombinationgenerationoption,wewillleavetheLoadingTypeasNone.EnterDEADLOADastheTitleforLoadCase1andclickonAdd.Tutorial22-49Figure2.45ThenewlycreatedloadcasewillnowappearundertheLoadCasesDetailsoption.Figure2.46

Tutorial22-504.Togenerateandassigntheselfweightloadtype,firsthighlightDEADLOAD.YouwillnoticethattheAddNewLoadItemsdialogboxshowsmoreoptionsnow.Figure2.475.IntheAddNewLoadItemsdialogbox,selecttheSelfweightLoadoptionundertheSelfweightitem.SpecifytheDirectionasY,andtheFactoras-1.0.Thenegativenumbersignifiesthattheselfweightloadactsoppositetothepositivedirectionoftheglobalaxis(Yinthiscase)alongwhichitisapplied.ClickontheAddbutton.Theselfweightloadisapplicabletoeverymemberofthestructure,andcannotbeappliedonaselectedlistofmembers.

Figure2.48Tutorial22-516.Load1containsanadditionalloadcomponent,thememberloadsonmembers2and5.However,noticethattheloadvaluesarelistedinthebeginningofthistutorialinkgandmeterunits.Ratherthanconvertthosevaluestothecurrentinputunits,wewillconformtothoseunits.Thecurrentinputunits,whichwelastsetwhilespecifyingDensity,areKNandMETER.WehavetochangetheforceunittoKilogram.STAADhasalimitationinthatonecannotchangetheunitswhileeditingloadcases.Ifweattemptto,thefollowingmessagewillbedisplayed.

Figure2.49ClickonOK.ClosetheAddNewLoadItemsdialogbox.Then,gototheSetupPageasshownbelow(oranyotherpage).Figure2.50Tutorial22-52Asbefore,clickontheInputUnitsiconfromthetoptoolbar,orselecttheTools|SetCurrentInputUnitmenuoptionfromthetopmenubar.IntheSetCurrentInputUnitsdialogboxthatcomesup,specifytheforceunitsasKilogram.Again,clickonGeneral|

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Loadpagetoresumecreatingtheloadcases.7.Tocreatethememberload,first,clickontheexpressionDEADLOADfollowedbytheAddbutton.Then,clickontheMemberLoaditemintheAddNewLoadItemsdialogbox.Figure2.518.SelecttheUniformForceoptionandspecifyGYastheDirectionand-400astheForce.Forthesemembers,sincethelocalYaxiscoincideswiththeglobalYaxis,onemaychoosethedirectionoftheloadaseither“Y”or“GY”,theywillbothhavethesameeffect.(OnemayviewtheorientationofthememberlocalaxesbygoingtoView|StructureDiagrams|Labels|BeamOrientation.)ThenegativevaluesignifiesthattheloadactsalongthenegativeGYdirection.Then,clickontheAddbuttonfollowedbytheClosebutton.Tutorial22-539.Thememberloadwejustcreatedhastobeassignedtomembers2and5.First,makesurethattheexpressionUNIGY-400Kg/misselectedintheLoaddialogboxasshownbelow.Figure2.5210.Next,selectmembers2and5usingtheBeamsCursor.(Pleaserefertothe‘FrequentlyPerformedTasks’sectionattheendofthismanualtolearnmoreaboutselectingmembers.)Then,clickonAssigntoSelectedBeamsfollowedbytheAssign

button.Figure2.53AsweclickontheAssignbutton,thefollowingdialogboxappears.Thismessageboxappearsjusttoconfirmthatweindeedwishtoassociatetheloadcasewiththeselectedbeams.So,letuschooseYes.Figure2.54Tutorial22-54Aftertheloadhasbeenassigned,thestructurewilllookasshownbelow:Figure2.55Tutorial2

2-55LOADCASE211.ThenextstepistoinitiatethesecondloadcasewhichagaincontainsMEMBERLOADs.HighlightLoadCasesDetailsandclickontheAddbutton.Onceagain,theAddNewLoadCasesdialogboxcomesup.Figure2.56Inthisdialogbox,onceagain,wearenotassociatingtheloadcaseweareabouttocreatewithanycodebasedLoadingTypeandso,wewillleavethatboxasNone.SpecifytheTitleofthesecondloadcaseasLIVELOADandclickontheAddbutton.Figure2.57Tutorial2

2-5612.Tocreatethememberload,highlightLIVELOADasshownbelow.Figure2.5813.Followsteps7to10tocreateandassignauniformlydistributedforceof-600Kg/monmembers2and5.Afterthesecondloadcasehasbeenassigned,thestructurewilllookasshownbelow:Figure2.59Clickanywhereinthedrawingareatoun-highlightthemembers.

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Tutorial22-57LOADCASE314.Creatingthethirdloadcase,whichagainhasMEMBERLOADs,involvesthesameprocedureasthatforloadcase2.Asbefore,firsthighlightLoadCasesDetailsintheLoaddialogboxtoinitiatethethirdloadcase.EnterWINDLOADastheTitleforLoadCase3.15.Toapplytheloadonmember1,followtheproceduresimilartothatinsteps7to10.Theonlydifferencesare,thememberwhichreceivesthisloadis1,theDirectionisGXandtheForceis+300Kg/m.16.Similarly,formember4andthethirdloadcase,specifytheForceas500Kg/mandtheDirectionasGX.Afterthethirdloadcasehasbeenassigned,thestructurewilllookasshownbelow:Figure2.60Tutorial22-58LOADCASE417.Wenowcometothepointwherewehavetocreateloadcase4as(1.2xLoad1)+(1.5xLoad2).Wesawinthebeginningofthissectionthatweshouldbecreatinga“REPEATLOAD”typeofcombination,andnotthe“LOADCOMBINATION”type.Toinitiateloadcase4,highlightLoadCasesDetailsintheLoad

dialogboxandspecifythetitleasDEAD+LIVE.18.Then,clickonDEAD+LIVEintheLoaddialogboxasshownbelow.Figure2.6119.IntheAddNewLoadItemsdialogbox,clickontheRepeatLoadoption.Then,selectLoadCase1(DEADLOAD),clickonthebuttonandentertheFactoras1.2.(Thisindicatesthattheloaddatavaluesfromloadcase1aremultipliedbyafactorof1.2,andtheresultingvaluesareutilizedinloadcase4.)20.Similarly,selectLoadCase2(LIVELOAD),clickonthebuttonandentertheFactoras1.5.Tutorial22-59

TheAddNewLoadItemsdialogboxwillnowlookasshownbelow.ClickontheAddbutton.Figure2.62Nofurtheroperationisrequiredforloadcase4.Therecipients(members)oftheloadsinloadcase4areautomaticallychosentobetheverysameonestowhichthecomponentsoftheREPEATLOADcases(loads1and2)wereassigned.Tutorial22-60Thestructurewillnowlooksimilartotheoneshownbelow.Figure2.63Tutorial22-61

LOADCASE521.Sinceloadcases4and5arenearidenticalinnature,thesameprocedureusedincreatingloadcase4isapplicableforcase5also.LetushighlightLoadCasesDetailsintheLoaddialogboxtoinitiatethefifthloadcase.EnterDEAD+WINDastheTitleforLoadCase5.22.Followsteps18to20exceptforassociatingaFactorof1.1withthefirstloadcaseandaFactorof1.3withthethirdloadcase.TheAddNewLoadItemsdialogboxwillnowlookasshownbelow.ClickontheAddbutton.

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Figure2.64Sincewehavecompletedcreatingalltheloadcases,wemaynowclickontheClosebuttontodismisstheAddNewLoadItemsdialogbox.Tutorial22-62Thestructurewillnowlooksimilartotheoneshownbelow.Figure2.65LetussavetheworkcompletedsofarbygoingtotheFilemenuandselectingtheSavecommandorbyholdingthe‘Ctrl’keyandpressingthe‘S’key.Tutorial22-632.6.8SpecifyingtheanalysistypeTheanalysistypeforthisstructureiscalledP-Delta.SincethisprobleminvolvesconcretebeamandcolumndesignpertheACIcode,second-orderanalysisisrequiredandhastobedoneonfactoredloadsactingsimultaneously.Thefactoredloadshavebeencreatedearlierascases4and5.Nowisthetimetospecifytheanalysistype.ThecommandforapdeltaanalysiswillappearintheSTAADfileas:PDELTAANALYSISSteps:

1.GotoAnalysis/PrintPageontheleftsideofthescreen.Figure2.66Tutorial22-642.IntheAnalysis/PrintCommandsdialogboxthatappears,selectthePDeltaAnalysistab.Then,clickontheAddbuttonfollowedbytheClosebutton.Figure2.67SavetheworkagainusingtheSaveoptionoftheFilemenu.Tutorial22-652.6.9Short-listingtheloadcasestobeusedinconcretedesign

Theconcretedesignhastobeperformedforloadcases4and5onlysinceonlythosearethefactoredcases.Toinstructtheprogramtousejustthesecases,andignoretheremaining,wehavetousetheLOADLISTcommand.ThecommandwillappearintheSTAADfileas:LOADLIST45Steps:1.Inthemenusonthetopofthescreen,gotoCommands|Loading|LoadListoptionasshownbelow.Figure2.68Tutorial22-662.IntheLoadListdialogboxthatcomesup,selectloadcases4

(DEAD+LIVE)and5(DEAD+WIND)byholdingthe‘Ctrl’keydown.Then,clickonthebutton.Loadcases4and5willbeselectedandplacedintheLoadListselectionboxasshownbelow.ClickontheOKbutton.Figure2.69Tutorial22-672.6.10SpecifyingconcretedesignparametersAmongthevarioustermswhichappearintheequationsfordesignofconcretebeamsandcolumns,someofthemcanbeuser

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controlled,suchas,thegradeofconcrete,orthemaximumsizeofreinforcingbaronemaywishtouse.Suchtermsarecalledconcretedesignparameters.FortheACIcode,alistoftheseparametersisavailableinSection3oftheSTAAD.ProTechnicalReferenceManual.Theparameterswewishtouse,andthecorrespondingcommandwhichoughttoappearintheSTAADinputfileare:UNITMMSNEWTONCODEACICLT25ALLCLB30ALLCLS25ALLFC25ALLFYMAIN415ALLTRACK1ALLSteps:1.Beforewecanstartassigningtheparameters,wewantourforceunitstobeNewtonandourlengthunitstobemillimeter.WelastsettheunitsduringloadspecificationasKgandMeter.Tochangetheunits,asbefore,clickontheInputUnitsiconfromtheappropriatetoolbar,orselecttheTools|SetCurrentInputUnitmenuoptionfromthetopmenubar.IntheSetCurrentInputUnitsdialogboxthatcomesup,specifytheforceunitsasNewtonandthelengthunitsasMillimeter.

2.Next,gotoDesign|ConcretePagefromtheleftsideofthescreen.MakesurethatundertheCurrentCodeselectionsonthetoprighthandside,ACIisselected.Then,clickontheDefineParametersbuttonintheConcreteDesigndialogbox.Tutorial22-68Figure2.703.IntheDesignParametersdialogboxthatopens,selecttheClt(ClearCoverfortop)tab.Then,providethevalueas25mmandclickontheAddbuttonasshownbelow.Figure2.71Tutorial22-69

4.Todefinetheremainingparameters,followtheaboveprocedureandprovidethefollowingvalues.ParameterValueClb30Cls25Fc25Fymain415Track1.0Whenalltheaboveparametershavebeenassigned,clickontheClosebuttonintheDesignParametersdialogbox.Afterallthedesignparametershavebeenassigned,theConcreteDesigndialogboxwilllookasshownbelow.Figure2.72

Tutorial22-70Thenextstepistoassigntheseparameterstoallthemembersinourmodel.TheeasiestwaytodothatistousetheAssignToViewmethod.Followthestepsasshowninthefigurebelow.Figure2.73LetussaveourstructureonceagainusingtheSaveoptionoftheFilemenu.Tutorial22-71

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2.6.11SpecifyingdesigncommandsDesigncommandsaretheactualinstructionsforthedesignofbeamsandcolumns.Weintendtodesignbeams2and5andcolumns1,3and4.Thecommandstobegeneratedare:DESIGNBEAM25DESIGNCOLUMN134Steps:1.DesigncommandsaregeneratedthroughthedialogboxesavailableundertheCommandsbuttonintheConcreteDesigndialogbox.So,letusclickontheCommandsbuttonasshownbelow.Figure2.74Tutorial22-722.IntheDesignCommandsdialogboxthatcomesup,selecttheDESIGNBEAMoptionandclickontheAddbutton.Figure2.753.Wealsoneedtoaddacommandfordesigningcolumns.So,selecttheDESIGNCOLUMNoptionandclickonAddbutton.Aftersteps2and3arecompleted,letusClosethisdialogbox.4.ThenextstepistoassociatetheDesignBeamcommandwithmembers2and5andtheDesignColumncommandwithmembers1,3and4.Todothis,asbefore,firsthighlighttheexpressionDESIGNBEAM.Then,selectmembers2and5usingtheBeamsCursor

.ClickonAssigntoSelectedBeamsfollowedbytheAssignbutton.Figure2.76Tutorial22-73AsweclickontheAssignbutton,thefollowingdialogboxappears.Thismessageboxappearsjusttoconfirmthatweindeedwishtoassociatethedesigncommandwiththeselectedbeams.So,letussayYes.Figure2.77Similarly,assigntheDesignColumncommandtomembers1,3and4Thisconcludesthetaskofassigningalltheinputforourmodel.

LetusSavethefileonefinaltime.Tutorial22-742.7ViewingtheinputcommandfileLetusnowtakealookatthedatathathasbeenwrittenintothefilethatwejustsavedabove.ThecontentsofthefilecanbeviewedeitherbyclickingontheSTAADEditoriconor,bygoingtotheEditmenuandchoosingEditInputCommandFileasshownbelow.Figure2.78Tutorial22-75Anewwindowwillopenupwiththedatalistedasshownhere:Figure2.79

ThiswindowandthefacilitiesitcontainsisknownastheSTAADEditor.Tutorial22-76WecouldmakemodificationstothedataofourstructureinthisEditorifwewishtodoso.LetusExittheEditorwithoutdoingsobyselectingtheFile|Exitmenuoptionoftheeditorwindow(nottheFile|Exitmenuofthemainwindowbehindtheeditorwindow).AswesawinSection2.1,wecouldalsohavecreatedthesame

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modelbytypingtherelevantSTAADcommandsintoatextfileusingeithertheSTAADeditor,orbyusinganyexternaleditorofourchoice.Ifyouwouldliketounderstandthatmethod,proceedtothenextsection.Ifyouwanttoskipthatpart,proceedtosection2.9whereweperformtheanalysisanddesignonthismodel.Tutorial22-772.8CreatingthemodelusingthecommandfileLetusnowusethecommandfilemethodtocreatethemodelfortheabovestructure.Thecommandsusedinthecommandfilearedescribedlaterinthissection.TheSTAAD.Procommandfilemaybecreatedusingthebuilt-ineditor,theprocedureforwhichisexplainedfurtherbelowinthissection.AnystandardtexteditorsuchasNotepadorWordPadmayalsobeusedtocreatethecommandfile.However,theSTAAD.Procommandfileeditorofferstheadvantageofsyntaxcheckingaswetypethecommands.TheSTAAD.Prokeywords,numericdata,comments,etc.aredisplayedindistinctcolorsintheSTAAD.Proeditor.Atypicaleditorscreenisshownbelowtoillustrateitsgeneralappearance.Figure2.80Tutorial22-78Toaccessthebuilt-ineditor,firststarttheprogramusingthe

procedureexplainedinSection2.2.Next,followstep1ofSection2.4.Figure2.81Youwillthenencounterthedialogboxshownbelow.Inthisdialogbox,chooseOpenSTAADEditor.Figure2.82Tutorial22-79Atthispoint,theeditorscreenwillopenasshownbelow.Figure2.83Deleteallthecommandlinesdisplayedintheeditorwindowandtypethelinesshowninboldbelow(Youdon’thavetodeletethelinesifyouknowwhichtokeepandwheretofillintherestofthe

commands).Thecommandsmaybetypedinupperorlowercaseletters.Usuallythefirstthreelettersofakeywordareallthatareneeded--therestofthelettersofthewordarenotrequired.Therequiredlettersareunderlined.(“SPACE”=“SPA”=“space”=“spa”)Tutorial22-80Actualinputisshowninboldletteringfollowedbyexplanation.STAADSPACERCFRAMEDSTRUCTUREEveryinputhastostartwiththewordSTAAD.ThewordSPACEsignifiesthatthestructureisaspaceframestructure(3-D)andthegeometryisdefinedthroughX,YandZcoordinates.UNITMETERKN

Specifiestheunittobeused.JOINTCOORDINATES1000;203.50;363.504600;5606;663.56JointnumberfollowedbyX,YandZcoordinatesareprovidedabove.Semicolonsigns(;)areusedaslineseparators.Thatenablesustoprovidemultiplesetsofdataononeline.MEMBERINCIDENCES112;223;334456;563

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Definesthemembersbythejointstheyareconnectedto.UNITMMSKNMEMBERPROPERTYAMERICAN14PRISYD300ZD27525PRISYD350ZD2753PRISYD350MemberpropertieshavebeendefinedaboveusingthePRISMATICattributeforwhichYD(depth)andZD(width)valuesareprovidedinMMunit.WhenYDandZDareprovidedtogether,STAADconsidersthesectiontoberectangular.WhenYDaloneisspecified,thesectionisconsideredtobecircular.DetailsareavailableinSection5oftheTechnicalReferenceManual.Tutorial22-81CONSTANTSE22MEMB1TO5MaterialconstantE(modulusofelasticity)isspecifiedas22KN/sq.mmfollowingthecommandCONSTANTS.UNITMETERKNCONSTANTSDENSITY25.0ALLPOISSON0.17ALLLengthunitischangedfromMMStoMETERtofacilitatetheinputofDensity.Next,thePoisson’sRatioisspecified.

BETA90MEMB4Intheabsenceofanyexplicitinstructions,STAADwillorientthebeamsandcolumnsofthestructureinapre-definedway(seeSection1oftheTechnicalReferenceManualfordetails.)Inordertoorientmember4sothatitslongeredges(sidesparalleltolocalYaxis)areparalleltotheglobalZaxis,weneedtoapplyabetaangleof90degrees.SUPPORT145FIXEDJoints1,4and5aredefinedasfixedsupported.UNITMETERKGLOAD1DEADLOADForceunitsarechangedfromKNtoKGtofacilitatetheinputof

loads.Loadcase1isinitiatedalongwithanaccompanyingtitle.Tutorial22-82SELFWEIGHTY-1Oneofthecomponentsofloadcase1istheselfweightofthestructureactingintheglobalYdirectionwithafactorof-1.0.SinceglobalYisverticallyupward,thefactorof-1.0indicatesthatthisloadwillactdownwards.MEMBERLOAD25UNIGY-400Load1containsmemberloadsalso.GYindicatesthattheloadisintheglobalYdirection.ThewordUNIstandsforuniformlydistributedload.Loadsareappliedonmembers2and5.

LOAD2LIVELOADLoadcase2isinitiatedalongwithanaccompanyingtitle.MEMBERLOAD25UNIGY-600Load2alsocontainsmemberloads.GYindicatesthattheloadisintheglobalYdirection.ThewordUNIstandsforuniformlydistributedload.Loadsareappliedonmembers2and5.LOAD3WINDLOADLoadcase3isinitiatedalongwithanaccompanyingtitle.MEMBERLOAD

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1UNIGX3004UNIGX500Load3alsocontainsmemberloads.GXindicatesthattheloadisintheglobalXdirection.ThewordUNIstandsforuniformlydistributedload.Loadsareappliedonmembers1and4.LOAD4DEAD+LIVELoadcase4isinitiatedalongwithanaccompanyingtitle.Tutorial22-83REPEATLOAD11.221.5Loadcase4illustratesthetechniqueemployedtoinstructSTAADtocreatealoadcasewhichconsistsofdatatobeassembledfromotherloadcasesspecifiedearlier.Weareinstructingtheprogramtoanalyzethestructureforloadsfromcases1and2actingsimultaneously.Theloaddatavaluesfromloadcase1aremultipliedbyafactorof1.2,andtheresultingvaluesareutilizedinloadcase4.Similarly,theloaddatavaluesfromloadcase2aremultipliedbyafactorof1.5,andtheresultingvaluestooareutilizedinloadcase4.LOAD5DEAD+WINDLoadcase5isinitiatedalongwithanaccompanyingtitle.REPEATLOAD11.131.3

Weareinstructingtheprogramtoanalyzethestructureforloadsfromcases1and3actingsimultaneously.PDELTAANALYSISThePDELTAANALYSIScommandisaninstructiontotheprogramtoexecuteasecond-orderanalysisandaccountforP-deltaeffects.LOADLIST45TheaboveLOADLISTcommandisameansofstatingthatallfurthercalculationsshouldbebasedontheresultsofloadcases4and5only.Theintenthereistorestrictconcretedesigncalculationstothatforloadcases4and5only.Tutorial22-84

STARTCONCRETEDESIGNCODEACIUNITMMSNEWTONCLT25ALLCLB30ALLCLS25ALLFC25ALLFYMAIN415ALLTRACK1ALLWefirstlineisthecommandthatinitiatestheconcretedesignoperation.Thevaluesfortheconcretedesignparametersaredefinedintheabovecommands.DesignisperformedpertheACICode.ThelengthunitsarechangedfromMETERtoMMSto

facilitatetheinputofthedesignparameters.Similarly,forceunitsarechangedfromKGtoNEWTON.TheTRACKvaluedictatestheextentofdesignrelatedinformationwhichshouldbeproducedbytheprogramintheoutput.TheparametersspecifiedincludeCLT(Clearcoverfortopsurface),CLB(Clearcoverforbottomsurface),CLS(Clearcoverforsides),FC(Strengthofconcrete),andFYMAIN(Ultimatestrengthofsteel).TheseparametersaredescribedinSection3oftheTechnicalReferenceManual.DESIGNBEAM25DESIGNCOLUMN134

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Theabovecommandsinstructtheprogramtodesignbeams2and5forflexure,shearandtorsion,andtodesigncolumns1,3and4foraxialloadandbiaxialbending.ENDCONCRETEDESIGNThiscommandterminatestheconcretedesignoperation.FINISHThiscommandterminatestheSTAADrun.Letussavethefileandexittheeditor.Tutorial22-852.9PerformingtheanalysisanddesignSTAAD.ProperformsAnalysisandDesignsimultaneously.InordertoperformAnalysisandDesign,selecttheRunAnalysisoptionfromtheAnalyzemenu.Figure2.84Ifthestructurehasnotbeensavedafterthelastchangewasmade,youshouldsavethestructurefirstbyusingtheSavecommandfromtheFilemenu.WhenyouselecttheRunAnalysisoptionfromtheAnalyzemenu,thefollowingdialogboxappears:Figure2.85Wearepresentedwiththechoiceof2engines:theSTAADengineandtheSTARDYNEAdvancedAnalysisengine.TheSTARDYNEAnalysisengineissuitableforadvancedproblemssuchas

BucklingAnalysis,ModalExtractionusingvariousmethods,etc.However,ifthecalculationscallforsteelorconcretedesign,UBCloadgeneration,etc.,wehavetoselecttheSTAADengine.So,letusensurethattheradiobuttonisontheSTAADengine.Tutorial22-86ClickontheRunAnalysisbutton.AstheAnalysisprogresses,severalmessagesappearonthescreenasshowninthenextfigure.Figure2.86Noticethatwecanchoosefromthethreeoptionsavailableintheabovedialogbox:Figure2.87

TheseoptionsareindicativeofwhatwillhappenafterweclickontheDonebutton.Tutorial22-87TheViewOutputFileoptionallowsustoviewtheoutputfilecreatedbySTAAD.Theoutputfilecontainsthenumericalresultsproducedinresponsetothevariousinputcommandswespecifiedduringthemodelgenerationprocess.Italsotellsuswhetheranyerrorswereencountered,andifso,whethertheanalysisanddesignwassuccessfullycompletedornot.Section2.10offersadditionaldetailsonviewingandunderstandingthecontentsoftheoutputfile.TheGotoPostProcessingModeoptionallowsustogoto

graphicalpartoftheprogramknownasthePost-processor.Thisiswhereonecanextensivelyverifytheresults,viewtheresultsgraphically,plotresultdiagrams,producereports,etc.Section2.11explainsthepostprocessingmodeingreaterdetail.TheStayinModellingModeletsuscontinuetobeintheModelgenerationmodeoftheprogram(theonewecurrentarein)incasewewishtomakefurtherchangestoourmodel.Tutorial22-882.10Viewingtheoutputfile

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Duringtheanalysisprocess,STAAD.ProcreatesanOutputfile.Thisfileprovidesimportantinformationonwhethertheanalysiswasperformedproperly.Forexample,ifSTAAD.Proencountersaninstabilityproblemduringtheanalysisprocess,itwillbereportedintheoutputfile.Wecanaccesstheoutputfileusingthemethodexplainedattheendoftheprevioussection.Alternatively,wecanselecttheFile|View|OutputFile|STAADOutputoptionfromthetopmenu.TheSTAAD.Prooutputfilefortheproblemwejustranisshowninthenextfewpages.Figure2.88Tutorial22-89TheSTAAD.ProoutputfileisdisplayedthroughafileviewercalledSproView.Thisviewerallowsustosetthetextfontfortheentirefileandprinttheoutputfiletoaprinter.UsetheappropriateFilemenuoptionfromthemenubar.Figure2.89Bydefault,theoutputfilecontainsalistingoftheentireinputalso.Youmaychoosenottoprinttheechooftheinputcommandsintheoutputfile.PleaseselectCommands|Miscellaneous|SetEchooptionfromthemenubarandselecttheEchoOffbutton.Itisquiteimportantthatwebrowsethroughtheentireoutputfileandmakesurethattheresultslookreasonable,thatthereareno

errormessagesorwarningsreported,etc.Errorsencounteredduringtheanalysis&designcandisableaccesstothepostprocessingmode–thegraphicalscreenswhereresultscanbeviewedgraphically.Theinformationpresentedintheoutputfileisacrucialindicatorofwhetherornotthestructuresatisfiestheengineeringrequirementsofsafetyandserviceability.Tutorial22-90*******************************************************STAAD.Pro**VersionBld**ProprietaryProgramof*

*ResearchEngineers,Intl.**Date=**Time=****USERID:*****************************************************1.STAADSPACERCFRAMEDSTRUCTURE2.STARTJOBINFORMATION3.ENGINEERDATE4.ENDJOBINFORMATION5.INPUTWIDTH796.UNITMETERKN7.JOINTCOORDINATES

8.1000;203.50;363.50;4600;5606;663.569.MEMBERINCIDENCES10.112;223;334;456;56311.UNITMMSKN12.MEMBERPROPERTYAMERICAN13.14PRISYD300ZD27514.25PRISYD350ZD27515.3PRISYD35016.CONSTANTS17.E22MEMB1TO5

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18.UNITMETERKN19.CONSTANTS20.DENSITY25.0ALL21.POISSON0.17ALL22.BETA90MEMB423.SUPPORTS24.145FIXED25.UNITMETERKG26.LOAD1DEADLOAD27.SELFWEIGHTY-128.MEMBERLOAD29.25UNIGY-40030.LOAD2LIVELOAD31.MEMBERLOAD32.25UNIGY-60033.LOAD3WINDLOAD34.MEMBERLOAD35.1UNIGX30036.4UNIGX50037.LOAD4DEAD+LIVE38.REPEATLOAD39.11.221.540.LOAD5DEAD+WIND41.REPEATLOAD

42.11.131.343.PDELTAANALYSISPROBLEMSTATISTICS-----------------------------------NUMBEROFJOINTS/MEMBER+ELEMENTS/SUPPORTS=6/5/3ORIGINAL/FINALBAND-WIDTH=3/3/12DOFTOTALPRIMARYLOADCASES=5,TOTALDEGREESOFFREEDOM=18SIZEOFSTIFFNESSMATRIX=1DOUBLEKILO-WORDSREQRD/AVAIL.DISKSPACE=12.0/43064.0MBTutorial22-9144.LOADLIST4545.STARTCONCRETEDESIGN

46.CODEACI47.UNITMMSNEWTON48.CLT25MEMB1TO549.CLB30MEMB1TO550.CLS25ALL51.FC25MEMB1TO552.FYMAIN415MEMB1TO553.TRACK1ALL54.DESIGNBEAM25=====================================================================BEAMNO.2DESIGNRESULTS-FLEXUREPERCODEACI318-02LEN-6000.MMFY-415.FC-25.MPA,SIZE-275.X350.MMSLEVELHEIGHTBARINFOFROMTOANCHOR

(MM)(MM)(MM)STAEND _____________________________________________________________________ 151.2-16MM313.5437.NONO|----------------------------------------------------------------||CRITICALPOSMOMENT=39.16KN-METAT3000.MM,LOAD4||REQDSTEEL=366.MM2,ROW=0.0044,ROWMX=0.0193ROWMN=0.0033||MAX/MIN/ACTUALBARSPACING=273./41./184.MMS||REQD.DEVELOPMENTLENGTH=480.MMS||----------------------------------------------------------------|CrackedMomentofInertiaIzatabovelocation=20964.0cm^4

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2306.3-12MM0.860.YESNO|----------------------------------------------------------------||CRITICALNEGMOMENT=33.29KN-METAT0.MM,LOAD4||REQDSTEEL=301.MM2,ROW=0.0036,ROWMX=0.0193ROWMN=0.0033||MAX/MIN/ACTUALBARSPACING=273./37./94.MMS||REQD.DEVELOPMENTLENGTH=360.MMS||----------------------------------------------------------------|CrackedMomentofInertiaIzatabovelocation=19148.5cm^43306.3-12MM4390.6000.NOYES|----------------------------------------------------------------||CRITICALNEGMOMENT=36.18KN-METAT6000.MM,LOAD4||REQDSTEEL=329.MM2,ROW=0.0039,ROWMX=0.0193ROWMN=0.0033||MAX/MIN/ACTUALBARSPACING=273./37./94.MMS||REQD.DEVELOPMENTLENGTH=360.MMS||----------------------------------------------------------------|CrackedMomentofInertiaIzatabovelocation=19148.5cm^4BEAMNO.2DESIGNRESULTS-SHEARATSTARTSUPPORT-Vu=43.94KNSVc=72.44KNSVs=0.00KNSTu=2.55KN-METTc=2.4KN-METTs=3.4KN-METLOAD4STIRRUPSAREREQUIREDFORTORSION.REINFORCEMENTFORSHEARISPERCL.11.5.5.1.PROVIDE12MM2-LEGGEDSTIRRUPSAT130.MMC/CFOR2705.MMADDITIONALLONGITUDINALSTEELREQD.FORTORSIONALRESISTANCE=0.75SQ.CM.ATENDSUPPORT-Vu=44.91KNSVc=71.94KNSVs=0.00KNS

Tu=2.55KN-METTc=2.4KN-METTs=3.4KN-METLOAD4STIRRUPSAREREQUIREDFORTORSION.REINFORCEMENTFORSHEARISPERCL.11.5.5.1.PROVIDE12MM2-LEGGEDSTIRRUPSAT130.MMC/CFOR2705.MMADDITIONALLONGITUDINALSTEELREQD.FORTORSIONALRESISTANCE=0.75SQ.CM.Tutorial22-92 ___2J____________________6000X275X350_____________________3J____ ||||=============================|||3No12H306.0.TO8603No12|H|306.4390.TO6000||22*12c/c130|||22*12c/c130||2No16H51.313.TO5437||||||||

|==================================================================||||___________________________________________________________________________| _______________________________________________________ |||||||||||ooo||||||ooo||ooo||3#12||||||3#12||3#12||||||||||||||2#16||2#16||2#16||||||oo||oo||oo||||||||||||||___________||___________||___________||___________||___________|=====================================================================

BEAMNO.5DESIGNRESULTS-FLEXUREPERCODEACI318-02LEN-6000.MMFY-415.FC-25.MPA,SIZE-275.X350.MMSLEVELHEIGHTBARINFOFROMTOANCHOR(MM)(MM)(MM)STAEND _____________________________________________________________________ 151.2-16MM313.5437.NONO|----------------------------------------------------------------||CRITICALPOSMOMENT=39.16KN-METAT3000.MM,LOAD4||REQDSTEEL=366.MM2,ROW=0.0044,ROWMX=0.0193ROWMN=0.0033||MAX/MIN/ACTUALBARSPACING=273./41./184.MMS|

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|REQD.DEVELOPMENTLENGTH=480.MMS||----------------------------------------------------------------|CrackedMomentofInertiaIzatabovelocation=20964.0cm^42306.3-12MM0.860.YESNO|----------------------------------------------------------------||CRITICALNEGMOMENT=33.29KN-METAT0.MM,LOAD4||REQDSTEEL=301.MM2,ROW=0.0036,ROWMX=0.0193ROWMN=0.0033||MAX/MIN/ACTUALBARSPACING=273./37./94.MMS||REQD.DEVELOPMENTLENGTH=360.MMS||----------------------------------------------------------------|CrackedMomentofInertiaIzatabovelocation=19148.5cm^43306.3-12MM4890.6000.NOYES|----------------------------------------------------------------||CRITICALNEGMOMENT=36.18KN-METAT6000.MM,LOAD4||REQDSTEEL=329.MM2,ROW=0.0039,ROWMX=0.0193ROWMN=0.0033||MAX/MIN/ACTUALBARSPACING=273./37./94.MMS||REQD.DEVELOPMENTLENGTH=360.MMS||----------------------------------------------------------------|CrackedMomentofInertiaIzatabovelocation=19148.5cm^4BEAMNO.5DESIGNRESULTS-SHEARATSTARTSUPPORT-Vu=18.56KNSVc=72.56KNSVs=0.00KNSTu=4.73KN-METTc=2.3KN-METTs=6.3KN-METLOAD5STIRRUPSAREREQUIREDFORTORSION.REINFORCEMENTFORSHEARISPERCL.11.5.5.1.

PROVIDE12MM2-LEGGEDSTIRRUPSAT130.MMC/CFOR2705.MMADDITIONALLONGITUDINALSTEELREQD.FORTORSIONALRESISTANCE=1.40SQ.CM.Tutorial22-93ATENDSUPPORT-Vu=19.11KNSVc=71.87KNSVs=0.00KNSTu=4.73KN-METTc=2.3KN-METTs=6.3KN-METLOAD5STIRRUPSAREREQUIREDFORTORSION.REINFORCEMENTFORSHEARISPERCL.11.5.5.1.PROVIDE12MM2-LEGGEDSTIRRUPSAT130.MMC/CFOR2705.MMADDITIONALLONGITUDINALSTEELREQD.FORTORSIONALRESISTANCE=1.40SQ.CM. ___6J____________________6000X275X350_____________________3J____ ||||=======================||

|3No12H306.0.TO8603No12H306.4890.TO6000||22*12c/c13022*12c/c130||2No16H51.313.TO5437||||||==================================================================||||___________________________________________________________________________| _______________________________________________________ |||||||||||ooo||||||||ooo||3#12||||||||3#12||||||||||||||2#16||2#16||2#16||||||oo||oo||oo|||

|||||||||||___________||___________||___________||___________||___________|********************ENDOFBEAMDESIGN**************************55.DESIGNCOLUMN134====================================================================COLUMNNO.1DESIGNPERACI318-02-AXIAL+BENDINGFY-415.0FC-25.0MPA,RECTSIZE-275.0X300.0MMS,TIEDAREAOFSTEELREQUIRED=882.8SQ.MMBARCONFIGURATIONREINFPCT.LOADLOCATIONPHI----------------------------------------------------------

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8-12MM1.0974END0.650(PROVIDEEQUALNUMBEROFBARSONEACHFACE)TIEBARNUMBER8SPACING192.00MMCOLUMNINTERACTION:MOMENTABOUTZ-AXIS(KN-MET)--------------------------------------------------------P0PnmaxP-bal.M-bal.e-bal.(MM)2109.381687.50785.4397.75124.5M0P-tens.Des.PnDes.Mne/h47.51-375.4875.0451.210.19497--------------------------------------------------------COLUMNINTERACTION:MOMENTABOUTY-AXIS(KN-MET)--------------------------------------------------------P0PnmaxP-bal.M-bal.e-bal.(MM)2109.381687.50775.8088.78114.4M0P-tens.Des.PnDes.Mne/h43.01-375.4875.043.920.01492--------------------------------------------------------====================================================================Tutorial22-94COLUMNNO.3DESIGNPERACI318-02-AXIAL+BENDINGFY-415.0FC-25.0MPA,CIRCSIZE350.0MMSDIAMETERTIEDAREAOFSTEELREQUIRED=1096.8SQ.MMBARCONFIGURATIONREINFPCT.LOADLOCATIONPHI

----------------------------------------------------------10-12MM1.1764STA0.650(EQUALLYSPACED)TIEBARNUMBER8SPACING192.00MMCOLUMNINTERACTION:MOMENTABOUTZ/Y-AXIS(KN-MET)--------------------------------------------------------P0PnmaxP-bal.M-bal.e-bal.(MM)2489.811991.85939.46109.84116.9M0P-tens.Des.PnDes.Mne/h62.23-469.35153.0673.180.09660--------------------------------------------------------====================================================================COLUMNNO.4DESIGNPERACI318-02-AXIAL+BENDING

FY-415.0FC-25.0MPA,RECTSIZE-275.0X300.0MMS,TIEDAREAOFSTEELREQUIRED=1056.0SQ.MMBARCONFIGURATIONREINFPCT.LOADLOCATIONPHI----------------------------------------------------------4-20MM1.5235STA0.650(PROVIDEEQUALNUMBEROFBARSONEACHFACE)TIEBARNUMBER8SPACING192.00MMCOLUMNINTERACTION:MOMENTABOUTZ-AXIS(KN-MET)--------------------------------------------------------P0PnmaxP-bal.M-bal.e-bal.(MM)2247.931798.34764.68123.35161.3M0P-tens.Des.PnDes.Mne/h63.35-521.5143.9210.500.06829

--------------------------------------------------------COLUMNINTERACTION:MOMENTABOUTY-AXIS(KN-MET)--------------------------------------------------------P0PnmaxP-bal.M-bal.e-bal.(MM)2247.931798.34755.33111.44147.5M0P-tens.Des.PnDes.Mne/h57.35-521.5143.9247.500.30898--------------------------------------------------------********************ENDOFCOLUMNDESIGNRESULTS********************56.ENDCONCRETEDESIGN

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Tutorial22-9557.FINISH***********ENDOFTHESTAAD.ProRUN***************DATE=TIME=*****************************************************************ForquestionsonSTAAD.Pro,pleasecontact**ResearchEngineersOfficesatthefollowinglocations****TelephoneEmail**USA:+1(714)[email protected]**CANADA+1(905)[email protected]**CANADA+1(604)[email protected]**UK+44(1454)[email protected]**FRANCE+33(0)[email protected]**GERMANY+49/931/[email protected]**[email protected]**SINGAPORE+656225-6015/[email protected]**INDIA+91(033)[email protected]**JAPAN+81(03)[email protected]**CHINA+86(411)[email protected]****[email protected]**[email protected]*

*[email protected]*************************************************************Tutorial22-962.11Post-ProcessingSTAAD.Prooffersextensiveresultverificationandvisualizationfacilities.ThesefacilitiesareaccessedfromthePostProcessingMode.ThePostProcessingmodeisusedtoverifytheanalysisanddesignresultsandgeneratereports.Forthistutorialproblem,weshallperformthefollowingtasks:•Displaydeflectiondiagrams•AnnotateDisplacements•ChangetheDisplayunitsfordisplacementvaluesshowninthe

tables.•Switchingbetweenloadcasesforviewingdeflectiondiagrams.•Displaytheforceandmomentdiagrams.•Changingthedegreeoffreedomforwhichtheforce/momentdiagramisplotted•Annotatingtheforcediagram•ChangingtheDisplayunitsfortheforceandmomentvaluesshowninthetables.•Restrictingtheloadcasesforwhichresultsareviewed•UsingMemberQuery•ViewingConcreteDesignresultsusingQuery.•Producinganon-screenreport•Takingpictures

•CreatingCustomizedReportsTutorial22-972.11.1Goingtothepost-processingmodeSteps:1.Attheendofsection2.9,wesawhowonecouldgodirectlyfromtheAnalysiswindowtothepost-processingscreen.However,theformalmethodofaccessingthePostProcessingmodeiseitherbyclickingonthePost-ProcessingiconfromthetoptoolbarorfromtheModemenuasshowninthefiguresbelow.

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Figure2.90Figure2.91Tutorial22-982.TheResultsSetupdialogboxappearsasshownbelow.Selecttheloadcasesforwhichtodisplaytheresults.Forourcase,letusselectalltheloadcases.ThenclickontheOKbutton.Figure2.92Tutorial22-992.11.2ViewingthedeflectiondiagramThescreenwillnowlooklikethefigureshownbelow.Figure2.93Thediagramcurrentlyondisplayisthenodedeflectiondiagramforloadcase1(DEADLOAD).Thetitleatthebottomofthediagramisindicativeofthataspect.Ifyou,say,wanderedoffintoanyotherresultdiagram,andwantedtogetbacktothedeflectiondiagram,justselecttheNode|Displacementtabalongthepagecontrolareaontheleftside.Tutorial22-100Figure2.94Theoptionforselectingthedeflectiondiagramisavailablefromanotherfacilityalso-theResults|Deflectionmenuoption-as

shownbelow.Figure2.95Tutorial22-1012.11.3SwitchingbetweenloadcasesforviewingthedeflectiondiagramSteps:1.Tochangetheloadcaseforwhichtoviewthedeflectiondiagram,youmayclickinthelistboxcalledActiveLoadandchoosetheoneyouwant.Figure2.962.Alternatively,eitherclickontheSymbolsandLabelsiconor,gotoView|StructureDiagramsmenuoptionasshownbelow.

Figure2.97Tutorial22-1023.Ineithercase,theDiagramsdialogboxcomesup.SelecttheLoadsandResultstabandchoosethedesiredloadcasefromtheLoadCaselistbox.Then,clickonOK.Figure2.98Tutorial22-103Thediagrambelowshowsthedeflectedshapeofthestructureforloadcase3.Figure2.994.Todisplaythedeflectionforsay,loadcase5(DEAD+WIND),

followstep1or2andselectloadcase5.Tutorial22-104ThedeflectionofLoadCase5willnowdisplayedonthemodelasshownbelow.Figure2.100Tutorial22-1052.11.4Changingthesizeofthedeflectiondiagram

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Steps:Ifthediagramappearstooimperceptible,itmaybebecauseitmaybedrawntotoosmallascale.Tochangethescaleofthedeflectionplot,youmaya)clickontheScaleiconFigure2.101b)chooseScalefromtheResultsmenuFigure2.102orTutorial22-106c)gotoView|StructureDiagrams|Scalesmenuoption.Alloftheabovewillbringupthefollowingdialogbox.Figure2.103IntheDisplacementfield,specifyasmallernumberthanwhatiscurrentlylisted,andclickonOK.Thedeflectiondiagramshouldnowbelarger.Tutorial22-107Intheabovedialogbox,ifyouswitchonthecheckboxApplyImmediately,pressingtheupordownarrowkeysalongsidethenumberwillproduceimmediateresultsintermsofasmalleroralargerdiagramdependingonwhetheryouclicktheuporthedownarrowkeys.

Figure2.104Tutorial22-1082.11.5AnnotatingdisplacementsAnnotationistheprocessofdisplayingthedisplacementvaluesonthescreen.Steps:1.SelecttheViewValueoptionfromtheResultsmenu.Figure2.1052.Thefollowingdialogboxcomesup.FromtheRangestab,selectAllnodes.Ifyouwishtoannotatedeflectionforjustafewnodes,specifythenodenumbersinthenodelist.Tutorial2

2-109Figure2.106Wewillannotatetheresultsforallnodes.So,keepthebuttononAll.FromtheNodetab,checktheResultantoption.ResultantstandsforthesquarerootofsumofsquaresofvaluesofX,YandZdisplacements.ClicktheAnnotatebuttonandnoticethatthevaluesappearonthestructure.ClicktheClosebuttontoclosethedialogbox.Figure2.107Tutorial22-110Thefollowingfigureshowstheannotateddeflectiondiagramfor

loadcase2.Figure2.108Tutorial22-1112.11.6ChangingtheunitsinwhichdisplacementvaluesareannotatedTheunitsinwhichdisplacementvaluesaredisplayedinthepostprocessingmodearereferredtoasthedisplayunits.Steps:1.Displayunitsmaybemodifiedbyusinganyoneofthefollowing

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methods:a.byclickingontheChangeGraphicalDisplayUniticon,Figure2.109b.bygoingtoTools|SetCurrentDisplayUnitmenuoptionFigure2.110or,Tutorial22-112c.byselectingtheView|Optionsmenuoption.Figure2.1112.IntheOptionsdialogboxthatcomesup,selecttheStructureUnitstab.ChangetheDimensionsofDisplacementfromMillimetertosay,cmorinchesoranythingelseyoudesire,andclickonOK.Figure2.112Tutorial22-113Thediagramwillbeupdatedtoreflectthenewunits.Figure2.113Tutorial22-1142.11.7TheNodeDisplacementTableUponenteringthePost-Processingmode,thefirstscreenthatwecameacrossisshownbelow.

Figure2.114FortheNode|Displacementpageontheleftside,noticethatthereare2tablesdisplayedalongtherightside.Theuppertable,calledtheNodeDisplacementstable,liststhedisplacementvaluesforeverynodeforeveryselectedloadcase.Loadcasesmaybeselectedorde-selectedforthepurposeofthistablefromtheResults|SelectLoadCasemenu.(Seesection2.11.16fordetails)ThelowertableiscalledtheBeamrelativedisplacementtable.Tutorial22-115Ifyouhappentoclosedownanyofthesetables,youcanrestorethemfromtheView|Tablesmenu.Figure2.115

TheNodeDisplacementtablewindowhastwotabs:AllandSummary(seefigurebelow).Figure2.116Tutorial22-116All-Thistabpresentsallnodaldisplacementsintabularformforallloadcasesandalldegreesoffreedom.Figure2.117Summary-Thistab,showninthefigurebelow,presentsthemaximumandminimumnodaldisplacements(translationalandrotational)foreachdegreeoffreedom.AllnodesandallLoadCasesspecifiedduringtheResultsSetupareconsidered.Maximumvaluesforalldegreesoffreedomarepresentedwiththe

correspondingNodeofoccurrenceandLoadCasenumber(L/C).Figure2.118Tutorial22-117FortheBeamRelativeDisplacementtable,thedetailsareasfollows:AllTheAlltabpresentsthedisplacementsofmembersatintermediatesectionpoints.Allspecifiedmembersandallspecifiedloadcasesareincluded.Thetableshowsdisplacementsalongthelocalaxesof

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themembers,aswellastheirresultants.MaxDisplacementsTheMaxDisplacementstabpresentsthesummaryofmaximumsectionaldisplacements(seefigurebelow).Thistableincludesthemaximumdisplacementvaluesandlocationofitsoccurrencealongthemember,forallspecifiedmembersandallspecifiedloadcases.Thetablealsoprovidestheratioofthespanlengthofthemembertotheresultantmaximumsectiondisplacementofthemember.Figure2.119Tutorial22-118Thesub-pagesundertheNodepagearedescribedbelowinbrief.PageSub-PagePurposeNodeDisplacementDisplaysnodaldisplacementsalongwithtabularresultsforNode-DisplacementsandsectionalBeamdisplacements.ReactionsDisplayssupportreactionsonthedrawingaswellasinatabularform.ModesDisplaysmodeshapesfortheselectedModeshapenumber.Theeigenvectorsaresimultaneouslydisplayedintabularform.ThisPageappearsonlyfordynamicanalysescases,namely,responsespectrum,timehistory,andif

modalcalculationsarerequested.TimeHistoryDisplaysTimehistoryplots,fortimehistoryanalysis.Thissub-pagetoowillappearonlyiftimehistoryanalysisisperformed.Tutorial22-1192.11.8Displayingforce/momentdiagramsSteps:1.Thesimplestmethodtoaccessthefacilitiesfordisplayingforce/momentdiagramsisfromtheBeam|Forcespagealongthepagecontrolareaontheleftsideofthescreen.ThebendingmomentMZwillbeplottedbydefault,evidenceofwhichcanbe

foundintheformoftheMziconshowinthediagrambelowwhichbecomesactive.Figure2.120Tutorial22-120Figure2.121Tutorial22-1212.Theoptionforselectingtheforce/momentdiagramisavailablefromanotherfacilityalso-theResults|BendingMomentmenuoption-asshownbelow.Figure2.122Tutorial2

2-1222.11.9Switchingbetweenloadcasesforviewingtheforce/momentdiagramSteps:1.Tochangetheloadcaseforwhichtoviewtheforce/momentdiagram,youmayclickinthelistboxcalledActiveLoadandchoosetheoneyouwant.Figure2.1232.Alternatively,eitherclickontheSymbolsandLabelsiconor,gotoView|StructureDiagramsmenuoptionasshownbelow.

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Figure2.124Tutorial22-1233.Ineithercase,theDiagramsdialogboxcomesup.SelecttheLoadsandResultstabandchoosethesecondloadcase(LIVELOAD)fromtheLoadCaselistbox.Also,letuschecktheShearyycheckbox.Then,clickonOK.Figure2.125Tutorial22-1244.Thefigurebelowshowstheshearforcediagramforloadcase2.Figure2.1265.Todisplaythebendingmomentdiagramforsay,loadcase4(DEAD+LIVE),followsteps1to3aboveandselectloadcase4.Tutorial22-125Thefollowingdiagramshouldappearinthedrawingarea:Figure2.127Tutorial22-1262.11.10Changingthesizeoftheforce/momentdiagramSteps:Ifthediagramappearstooimperceptible,itmaybebecauseitmay

bedrawntotoosmallascale.Tochangethescaleofthemomentplot,youmaya)clickontheScaleiconFigure2.128b)chooseScalefromtheResultsmenuFigure2.129orTutorial22-127c)gotoView|StructureDiagrams|Scalesmenuoption.Alloftheabovewillbringupthefollowingdialogbox.Figure2.130IntheBendingfield,specifyasmallernumberthanwhatis

currentlylisted,andclickonOK.Themomentdiagramshouldnowbelarger.Intheabovedialogbox,ifyouswitchonthecheckboxApplyImmediately,pressingtheupordownarrowkeysalongsidethenumberwillproduceimmediateresultsintermsofasmalleroraTutorial22-128largerdiagramdependingonwhetheryouclicktheuporthedownarrowkeys.Figure2.131Tutorial22-1292.11.11Changingthedegreeoffreedomfor

whichforcesdiagramisplottedForceandmomentdiagramscanbeplottedfor6degreesoffreedom–Axial,Shear-Y,Shear-Z,Torsion,Moment-Y,Moment-Z.Onemayselectorde-selectoneofmoreofthesedegreesoffreedomfromView|StructureDiagrams|LoadsandResults.Figure2.132Alldegreesoffreedomcurrentlyplottedwillbeindicatedwithatickmark.Tutorial22-130

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TheiconsoftheResultstoolbarmayalsobeusedtoturnon/offspecificdegreesoffreedom.Figure2.133Forthesakeofeasyidentification,eachdegreeoffreedom(d.o.f)hasbeenassignedadifferentcolor.Onemaychangethecolorforthatd.o.f.byclickingonthecolorbuttonalongsidethed.o.f,andmakeanewchoicefromthecolorpalette.Figure2.134Theappearanceofthediagrammayalsobesettooneofthe3–Hatch,FillorOutlinebyturningontherelevantoptioninthedialogboxshownearlier.Figure2.135Tutorial22-1312.11.12Annotatingtheforce/momentdiagramSteps:1.Annotationistheprocessofdisplayingtheforce/momentvaluesonthescreen.SelecttheViewValueoptionfromtheResultsmenu.Figure2.1362.Thefollowingdialogboxcomesup.FromtheRangestab,selectAllmembers.Ifyouwishtoannotatetheforce/momentforjustafewmembers,specifythebeamnumbersinthebeamlist.Figure2.137Wewillannotatetheresultsforallmembers.So,keepthebutton

onAll.Tutorial22-132FromtheBeamResultstab,checktheBending-Maximumoption.ClicktheAnnotatebuttonandnoticethatthevaluesappearonthestructure.ClicktheClosebuttontoclosethedialogbox.Figure2.138Tutorial22-133ThefollowingfigureshowstheannotatedMZdiagramforloadcase5.Figure2.139Tutorial2

2-1342.11.13Changingtheunitsinwhichforce/momentvaluesareannotatedSteps:1.Theunitsinwhichforceandmomentvaluesaredisplayedinthepost-processingmodearereferredtoasthedisplayunits.Displayunitsmaybemodifiedbyusinganyoneofthefollowingmethods:a.byclickingontheChangeGraphicalDisplayUniticonFigure2.140b.bygoingtoTools|SetCurrentDisplayUnitmenuoptionFigure2.141or,

Tutorial22-135c.byselectingtheView|Optionsmenuoption.Figure2.1422.IntheOptionsdialogboxthatcomesup,selecttheForceUnitstab.Forbendingmoments,changetheMomentunitfromitscurrentsettingtooneofthechoicesavailable,say,Mton-morkipftoranythingelseyoudesire,andselectOK.Figure2.143Tutorial2

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2-136Thediagramwillbeupdatedtoreflectthenewunits.Figure2.144Tutorial22-1372.11.14BeamForcesTableWhenweselecttheBeam|Forcespagefromthepagecontrolareaontheleftside,thescreenthatappearsisshownbelow.Figure2.145Theaxialforcesandshearforces,bendingandtorsionalmomentsinallselectedbeamsforallselectedloadcasesaredisplayedinatabularformalongtherighthalfofthescreen.Loadcasesmaybeselectedorde-selectedforthepurposeofthistablefromtheResults|SelectLoadCasemenu.(Seesection2.11.16fordetails)Tutorial22-138Ifyouhappentoclosedownanyofthesetables,youcanrestorethemfromtheView|Tablesmenu.Figure2.146TheBeamEndForcestablewindowhasthreetabs:All,SummaryandEnvelope.Figure2.147Tutorial22-139

All-Thistabpresentsallforcesandmomentscorrespondingtoall6degreesoffreedomatthestartandendofeachselectedmemberforallselectedloadcases.Figure2.148Summary-Thistab,showninthenextfigure,presentsthemaximumandminimumvalues(forcesandmoments)foreachdegreeoffreedom.AllbeamsandallLoadCasesspecifiedduringtheResultsSetupareconsidered.MaximumvaluesforalldegreesoffreedomarepresentedwiththecorrespondingNodeofoccurrenceandLoadCasenumber(L/C).Tutorial22-140Figure2.149

Envelope:Thistabshowsatableconsistingofthemaximumandminimumforeachdegreeoffreedomforeachmember,andtheloadcaseresponsibleforeachofthosevalues.Figure2.150Tutorial22-1412.11.15Viewingtheforce/momentdiagramsfromtheBeam|GraphspageTheGraphspageinthePostProcessingModeallowsustographicallyviewmomentsandforcessuchasAxial,Bendingzz,ShearyyandCombinedStressesforindividualmembers.SelecttheGraphssub-pagenestedundertheBeampagefromtheleftsideofthescreenasshownbelow.

Figure2.151Tutorial22-142TheMainWindowareaofthescreenshowstheloadingonthestructure.Ontherightsideofthescreen,theforce/momentdiagramsappear(seefigurebelow).Whenwehighlightamemberinthemainwindowbyclickingonit,thegraphsareplottedforthatmemberinthedataarea.Thefollowingfigureshowsthegraphsplottedformember1forloadcase4.

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Figure2.152Tutorial22-143Thefollowingfigureshowsthegraphsplottedformember2forthesameloadcase.Figure2.153Wecanchangethedegreeoffreedomforwhichresultsareplottedbydoingthefollowing.Gointooneofthe3drawingwindowsontherightside,andclicktherightmousebutton.Thefollowingdialogboxwillappear.Tutorial22-144Figure2.154SelectDiagrams.Inthedialogboxwhichappears,switchon/switchoffthedegreesoffreedomyoudesire.Figure2.155ClickonOKandthatdegreeoffreedomwillbeplottedinthatwindow.Tutorial22-1452.11.16RestrictingtheloadcasesforwhichresultsareviewedSteps:1.Torestricttheloadcasesforwhichresultsareviewed,eitherclick

ontheResultsSetupiconor,gotoResults|SelectLoadCasemenuoptionasshownbelow.Figure2.156Tutorial22-1462.IntheResultsSetupdialogboxthatcomesup,letusfirstun-selectthealreadyselectedloadcasesbyclickingonthebutton.Figure2.1573.Selectloadcases1(DEADLOAD)and3(WINDLOAD)byholdingthe‘Ctrl’keydown.Then,clickonthebutton.Aftertheloadcaseshavebeenselected,clickontheOKbutton.Figure2.158Tutorial2

2-1472.11.17UsingMemberQueryMemberqueryisafacilitywhereseveralresultsforspecificmemberscanbeviewedatthesametimefromasingledialogbox.Itisalsoaplacefromwheremanyofthememberattributessuchasthepropertydefinition,specifications(releases,truss,cable,etc.)andbetaanglecanbechangedforinputpurposes.Steps:Toaccessthisfacility,firstselectthemember.Then,eithergotoTools|Query|Membermenuoptionor,double-clickonthemember.Letustrydouble-clickingonmember4.Figure2.159Tutorial2

2-148Aswedouble-clickonmember4,thefollowingdialogboxcomesup.LetustakealookatthePropertytab.Figure2.160Thefigureaboveshowswherethebuttonsarelocatedonthememberquerybox.Ifthemembercontainsoutputresulttabs(Shear/Bending,Deflection,SteelDesign,etc.)inthequerybox,changingmemberattributeslikereleaseswillcausetheseresulttabstodisappear.Thisisduetothefactthatthecurrentoutputnolongerreflectsthenewinput.

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NOTE:IfyouassignorchangepropertybyclickingontheAssign/ChangePropertybuttonintheabovedialogbox,ensurethatyoukeepthecheckmarkon“ApplytothisMemberonly”intheensuingdialogbox.Else,changingthememberattributesforonememberwillsubsequentlychangetheattributesofallothermembersbelongingtothesameattributelist.Forexample,ifthecurrentmember

spropertyisalsoassignedtoothermembers,changingthepropertyonthecurrentmemberwillchangethepropertyofallthemembers.Tutorial22-149LetusclickontheShear/Bendingtab.Thefollowingdialogboxappears.Figure2.161Theabovepagecontainsfacilitiesforviewingvaluesforshearsandmoments,selectingtheloadcasesforwhichthoseresultsarepresented,asliderbar(seenextfigure)forlookingatthevaluesatspecificpointsalongthememberlength,andaPrintoptionforprintingtheitemsondisplay.Experimentwiththeseoptionstoseewhatsortofresultsyoucanget.Grabthesliderbarusingthemouseandmoveittoobtainthevaluesatspecificlocations.Tutorial22-150Figure2.162

Anotherpage(Deflection)oftheabovedialogboxisshownbelow.Figure2.163Tutorial22-151TheConcreteDesignpageoftheabovedialogboxisshownbelow.Figure2.164Tolookattheresultsofanothermemberusingthisqueryfacility,simplyclosedownthisquerydialogboxandrepeatthestepsoutlinedearlierinthissectionforthedesiredmember.Tutorial22-1522.11.18Producinganon-screenreport

Steps:Occasionally,wewillcomeacrossaneedtoobtainresultsconformingtocertainrestrictions,suchas,say,theresultantnodedisplacementsforafewselectednodes,forafewselectedloadcases,sortedintheorderfromlowtohigh,withthevaluesreportedinatabularform.Thefacilitywhichenablesustoobtainsuchcustomizedon-screenresultsistheReportmenuontopofthescreen.1.Letuscreateonesuchreport.Wewillcreateatablethatshowsthemembermajoraxismoment(MZ)valuessortedintheorderHightoLow,formembers1and4foralltheloadcases.Thefirststeptodothisistoselectmembers1and4fromthestructure.Withthebeamscursoractive,selectmembers1and4usingthemouse,or

usetheSelect|ByList|BeamsoptionoftheSelectmenuandtype1and4asthemembernumbers.Next,gototheReport|BeamEndForcesmenuoptionasshownbelow.Figure2.165Tutorial22-1532.Inthedialogboxthatappears,selecttheSortingtab.LetusselectMoment-ZastheEndForce,settheSortingOrdertoListfromHightoLow,andswitchonAbsolutevaluesunderIfSortingdone.(Ifwewishtosavethisreportforfutureuse,wemayselect

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theReporttab,provideatitleforthereport,andturnontheSaveIDoption.)UndertheLoadingtab,makesureallthe5loadcaseshavebeenselected.Then,clickontheOKbutton.Figure2.166ThenextfigureshowsthememberendforcessortedtablewiththeMZvaluessortedfromHightoLowbasedonAbsolutenumbers.Figure2.167Tutorial22-1543.Toprintthistable,clicktherightmousebuttonanywherewithinthetable.Alistofoptionswillappear.Figure2.168Selecttheprintoptiontogetahardcopyofthereport.Tutorial22-1552.11.19TakingPicturesThereareseveraloptionsavailablefortakingpictures.ThesimplestoftheseisintheeditmenuandiscalledCopyPicture.Ittransfersthecontentsoftheactivedrawingwindowtothewindowsclipboard.WecanthengointoanypictureprocessingprogramlikeMicrosoftPaintorMicrosoftWordandpastethepictureinthatprogramforfurtherprocessing.Anothermoreversatileoptionenablesustoincludeany"snapshot"orpictureofthedrawingwindowintoareport.ItiscalledTake

PictureandisundertheEditmenu.Letusexaminethisfeature.Steps:1.Totakeapicture,eitherclickontheTakePictureiconor,gotoTools|TakePicturemenuoption.Figure2.169Tutorial22-1562.Thefollowingdialogboxcomesup.Here,wemayprovideacaptionforthepicturesothatitmaybeidentifiedlateron.Figure2.170Thispicturewillbesavedtillwearereadytoproduceacustomizedreportofresults.Proceedtothenextsectionfordetails.Tutorial2

2-1572.11.20CreatingCustomizedReportsSTAAD.Prooffersextensivereportgenerationfacilities.Itemswhichcanbeincorporatedintosuchreportsincludeinputinformation,numericalresults,steeldesignresults,etc.Onecanchoosefromamongaselectsetofloadcases,modeshapes,structuralelements,etc..Wemayincludeany"snapshot"orpictureofthescreentakenusingtheTakePicturetoolbaricon.Othercustomizableparametersincludethefontsize,titleblock,headers,footers,etc.1.TheReportSetuputilitymaybeaccessedeitherbyselectingtheReportsPageorbyclickingontheReportSetupicon.Figure2.171

Tutorial22-158Ineithercase,thefollowingdialogboxappears:Figure2.172Differenttabsofthisdialogboxofferdifferentoptions.TheItemstablistsallavailabledatawhichmaybeincludedinthereport.NotethattheitemsundertheSelectedlistaretheoneswhichhavebeenselectedbydefault.Availableitemsareclassifiedintosevencategories:Input,Output,Pictures,Reports,STAAD.etcoutput,SteelDesignOutputand

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AdvancedQueryReports.Tutorial22-159Figure2.1732.Inourreport,wewanttoshowJobInformation,NodeDisplacementSummary,BeamMaxMoments,andPicture1.JobInformationisalreadyselectedbydefault.FromtheAvailablelistbox,selectOutput.Fromtheavailableoutputitems,selectNodeDisplacementSummaryandBeamMaxMoments.ThenselectPicturesfromtheAvailablelistboxandselectPicture1.Whenalltheitemshavebeenselected,theReportSetupdialogboxshouldappearasshownbelow.Tutorial22-160Figure2.174TheReportDetailIncrementscheckboxatthebottomindicatesthenumberofsegmentsintowhichamemberwouldbedividedforprintingsectionaldisplacements,forces,etc.3.ClickontheLoadCasestabtoselecttheLoadCasestobeincludedinthereport.TheGroupingbuttonsindicatewhetherthereportdatawillbegroupedbyNode/BeamnumbersorbyLoadCasenumber.Inthefirstcase,allLoadCaseresultswillappear

underaparticularNodeorBeam.Inthesecondcase,resultsforallNodesorBeamsforaparticularLoadCasewillappeartogether.Tutorial22-161Figure2.1754.ClickonthePictureAlbumtabtovisuallyidentifythepicturestakenearlier.ThefollowingfiguredisplaysPicture1asstoredbytheprogram.Figure2.176Tutorial22-162TheOptionstabletsyouincludeHeader,Footer,PageNumbers,TableGrids,fontsforColumnHeadingandTabledata,etc.

TheNameandLogotaballowsyoutoentertheCompanyNameandLogo.Clickontheblankareaandtypethenameandaddressofthecompany.ClickontheFontbuttonintheTextgroupandadjustthefonttobeArial16PtBold.ClickontheRightradiobuttonintheAlignmentgroupunderTexttoright-alignthecompanyname.Figure2.1775.ClickOKtofinishorclickPrinttoprintthereport.However,itisalwaysagoodideatofirstpreviewthereportbeforeprintingit.Tutorial22-163Topreviewthereportjustcreated,selectthePrintPreviewiconfromtheToolbar.

Figure2.178Thefirstandthelastpagesofthereportareshowninthenexttwofigures.Tutorial22-164Figure2.179Tutorial22-165Figure2.180Thisbringsustotheendofthistutorial.Thoughwehavecovered

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alargenumberoftopics,thereareseveralmoreinvariousmenusanddialogboxes.Happyexploring!!!!!Tutorial22-1662-1673-1TutorialProblem3:AnalysisofaslabThistutorialprovidesstep-by-stepinstructionsformodellingandanalysisofaslabsupportedalongtwoedges.Thefollowingtopicsarecovered:•Startingtheprogram•Modellingtheslabusingquadrilateralplateelements•Specifyingslabpropertiesandmaterialconstants•Specifyingsupports•Specifyingloads•Specifyingtheanalysistype•ViewingresultsforindividualplatesSection3Tutorial33-23.1MethodsofcreatingthemodelAsexplainedinSection1.1oftutorialproblem1,therearetwomethodsofcreatingthestructuredata:a)usingthegraphicalmodelgenerationmode,orgraphical

userinterface(GUI)asitisusuallyreferredto.b)usingthecommandfile.Bothmethodsofcreatingthemodelareexplainedinthistutorial.ThegraphicalmethodisexplainedfromSection3.2onwards.ThecommandfilemethodisexplainedinSection3.8.Tutorial33-33.2DescriptionofthetutorialproblemThestructureforthisprojectisaslabfixedalongtwoedges.Wewillmodelitusing6quadrilateral(4-noded)plateelements.Thestructureandthemathematicalmodelareshowninthefiguresbelow.Itissubjectedtoselfweight,pressureloadsandtemperatureloads.Ourgoalistocreatethemodel,assignallrequiredinput,

performtheanalysis,andgothroughtheresults.Figure3.1Tutorial33-4Figure3.2Tutorial33-5BASICDATAFORTHESTRUCTUREATTRIBUTEDATAElementpropertiesSlabis300mmthickMaterialConstantsE,Density,Poisson,Alpha–DefaultvaluesforconcreteSupportsNodesalong2edgesarefixedasshowninFigure

3.2PrimaryLoadsLoad1:SelfweightLoad2:PressureLoadof300Kg/sq.m.actingverticallydownwardsLoad3:75degreeFuniformexpansion,plustopsurfaceis60degreeshotterthanthebottomCombinationLoadsCase101:Case1+Case2Case102:Case1+Case3AnalysisTypeLinearElastic

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Tutorial33-63.3StartingtheprogramSelecttheSTAAD.ProiconfromtheSTAAD.Pro2006programgroup.Figure3.3Tutorial33-7TheSTAAD.ProGraphicalEnvironmentwillbeinvokedandthefollowingscreencomesup.Figure3.4ThisNewdialogboxwillcomeupeverytimewestarttheprogram.Ifyouwishtoturnthisfeatureoff,simplyunchecktheDisplaythisdialogboxattheStartupboxatthelowerlefthandcorner.ItcanbeturnedonagainatalatertimewhenFile|Newisinvokedfromthemainmenu.Tutorial33-8Noteabouttheunitsystem:Therearetwobaseunitsystemsintheprogramwhichcontroltheunits(length,force,temperature,etc.)inwhich,values,specificallyresultsandotherinformationpresentedinthetablesandreports,aredisplayedin.Thebaseunitsystemalsodictateswhattypeofdefaultvaluestheprogramwillusewhenattributes

suchasModulusofElasticity,Density,etc.,areassignedbasedonmaterialtypes–Steel,Concrete,Aluminum–selectedfromtheprogram’slibrary(PleaserefertoSection5oftheSTAAD.ProTechnicalReferenceManualfordetails).ThesetwounitsystemsareEnglish(Foot,Pound,etc.)andMetric(KN,Meter,etc.)Ifyourecall,oneofthechoicesmadeatthetimeofinstallingSTAAD.Proisthisbaseunitsystemsetting.Thatchoicewillserveasthedefaultuntilwespecificallychangeit.TheplacefromwherewecanchangethissettingisundertheFile|Configuremenu.Togettothatoption,firstclosedownthedialogboxshownintheearlierfigurebyclickingonCancel.Then,clickontheFile|Configuremenuoptionandchoosetheappropriateunitsystemyouwant.Forthistutorial,letuschoosetheMetric

units(KN,Meter,etc.).Figure3.5Tutorial33-9Figure3.6ClickontheAcceptbuttontoclosetheabovedialogbox.Tutorial33-10Followingthis,selectFile|Newonceagain.Figure3.7ThedialogboxshowninFigure3.4willre-appear.Tutorial33-11

3.4Creatinganewstructure1.IntheNewdialogbox,weprovidesomecrucialinitialdatanecessaryforbuildingthemodel.ThestructuretypeistobedefinedbychoosingfromamongSpace,Plane,FloorandTruss.ASpacetypeisonewherethestructure,theloadingorboth,causethestructuretodeforminall3globalaxes(X,YandZ).InaPlanetype,thegeometry,loadinganddeformationarerestrictedtotheglobalX-Yplaneonly.AFloortypeisastructurewhosegeometryisconfinedtotheX-Zplane.ATrusstypeofstructurecarriesloadingbypureaxialaction.Truss

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membersaredeemedincapableofcarryingshear,bendingandtorsion.Forourmodel,letuschooseSpace.LetuschooseMeterasthelengthunitandKiloNewtonastheforceunitinwhichwewillstarttobuildthemodel.Theunitscanbechangedlaterifnecessary,atanystageofthemodelcreation.WealsoneedtoprovideanameintheFileNameeditbox.Thisisthenameunderwhichthestructuredatawillbesavedonthecomputerharddisk.Thename“Structure?”(?willbeanumber)isrecommendedbytheprogrambydefault,butwecanchangeittoanynamewewant.LetuschoosethenamePlatesTutorial.Adefaultpathname-thelocationonthecomputerdrivewherethefilewillbesaved-isprovidedbytheprogramunderLocation.Ifyouwishtosavethefileinadifferentlocation,typeinthename,orclickthebuttonandspecifythedesiredpath.Afterspecifyingtheaboveinput,clickontheNextbutton.Tutorial33-12Figure3.82.Inthenextdialogbox,wechoosethetoolstobeusedtoinitiallyconstructthemodel.AddBeams,AddPlatesorAddSolidsare,respectively,thestartingpointsforconstructingbeams,platesorsolids.OpenStructureWizardprovidesaccesstoalibraryofstructuraltemplateswhichtheprogramcomesequippedwith.Thosetemplatemodelscanbeextractedandmodified

parametricallytoarriveatourmodelgeometryorsomeofitsparts.IfthemodelistobecreatedinitiallyusingtheSTAADcommandlanguage,theOpenEditorboxcantakeustotheSTAADeditor.PleaserememberthatalltheseoptionsarealsoavailablefromthemenusanddialogboxesoftheGUI,evenafterwedismissthisdialogbox.Note:IfyouwishtousetheEditortocreatethemodel,chooseOpenSTAADEditor,clickFinish,andproceedtoSection3.8.Tutorial33-13Forourmodel,letuschecktheAddPlateoption.ClickontheFinishbutton.ThedialogboxwillbedismissedandtheSTAAD.Prographicalenvironmentwillbedisplayed.

Figure3.9Tutorial33-143.5ElementsoftheSTAAD.ProscreenTheSTAAD.Promainwindowistheprimaryscreenfromwherethemodelgenerationprocesstakesplace.ItisimportanttofamiliarizeourselveswiththecomponentsofthatwindowbeforeweembarkoncreatingtheRCFrame.Section1.5intutorialproblem1ofthismanualexplainsthecomponentsofthatwindowindetail.Tutorial33-153.6BuildingtheSTAAD.Promodel

Wearenowreadytostartbuildingthemodelgeometry.Thestepsand,whereverpossible,thecorrespondingSTAAD.Procommands(theinstructionswhichgetwrittenintheSTAADinputfile)aredescribedinthefollowingsections.Tutorial33-163.6.1GeneratingthemodelgeometryThestructuregeometryconsistsofjointnumbers,theircoordinates,membernumbers,thememberconnectivityinformation,plateelementnumbers,etc.Fromthestandpointofthe

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STAADcommandfile,thecommandstobegeneratedare:JOINTCOORDINATES1000;2200;3202;40025400;6402;7600;86029204;10004;11404;12604ELEMENTINCIDENCESSHELL11234;22563;35786443910;536119;6681211Inthistutorial,wewillexplore4differentmethodstocreatethemodelshowninsection3.2:1.UsingamixtureofdrawinganelementandtheCopy/Pastefacility.2.UsingamixtureofdrawinganelementandtheTranslationalRepeatfacility.3.UsingtheStructureWizardfacilityintheGeometrymenu.4.UsingtheMeshGenerationfacilityofthemaingraphicalscreen.Tutorial33-17CreatingthePlates-Method1Steps:TheGridSettings1.WeselectedtheAddPlateoptionearliertoenableustoaddplatestocreatethestructure.Thisinitiatesagridinthemaindrawing

areaasshownbelow.Thedirectionsoftheglobalaxes(X,Y,Z)arerepresentedintheiconinthelowerlefthandcornerofthedrawingarea.(NotethatwecouldinitiatethisgridbyselectingtheGeometry|Snap/GridNode|Platemenuoptionalso.)Figure3.10Tutorial33-18ItisworthpayingattentiontothefactthatwhenwechosetheAddPlateoptioninsection3.4,thepagecontrolareahasbeenautomaticallysetuptohavetheGeometry–Platepagebeinfocus.Figure3.112.ASnapNode/Platedialogboxalsoappearsinthedataareaontherightsideofthescreen.TheLineartabismeantforplacingthe

constructionlinesperpendiculartooneanotheralonga"lefttoright-toptobottom"pattern,asinthelinesofachessboard.TheRadialtabenablesconstructionlinestoappearinaspider-webstyle,whichmakesitiseasytocreatecirculartypemodelswheremembersaremodelledaspiece-wiselinearstraightlinesegments.TheIrregulartabcanbeusedtocreategridlineswithunequalspacingthatlieontheglobalplanesoronaninclinedplane.WewillusetheLineartab.Inourstructure,theelementslieintheX-Zplane.So,inthisdialogbox,letuschooseX-ZasthePlaneofthegrid.ThesizeofthemodelthatcanbedrawnatanytimeiscontrolledbythenumberofConstructionLinestotheleftandrightoftheoriginofaxes,andtheSpacingbetweenadjacentconstructionlines.By

setting6asthenumberoflinestotherightoftheoriginalongX,4alongZ,andaspacingof1meterbetweenlinesalongbothXandTutorial33-19Z(seenextfigure)wecandrawaframe6mX4m,adequateforourmodel.Pleasenotethatthesesettingsareonlyastartinggridsetting,toenableustostartdrawingthestructure,andtheydonotrestrictouroverallmodeltothoselimits.Infact,wedonotevenneedthis6mX4mgrid.Themethodweareusinghererequiresjusta2mX2mgridsinceweareabouttodrawjustasingle

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element.Figure3.12Tutorial33-20Creatingelement13.Thefourcornersofthefirstelementareatthecoordinates(0,0,0),(2,0,0),(2,0,2),and(0,0,2)respectively.Tostartcreatingthenodes,letusfirstactivatetheSnapNode/Platebuttonbyclickingonit.Then,withthehelpofthemouse,clickattheorigin(0,0,0)tocreatethefirstnode.Figure3.134.Inasimilarfashion,clickontheremainingthreepointstocreatenodesandautomaticallyjoinsuccessivenodesbyaplate.(2,0,0),(2,0,2)and(0,0,2)TheexactlocationofthemousearrowcanbemonitoredonthestatusbarlocatedatthebottomofthewindowwheretheX,Y,andZcoordinatesofthecurrentcursorpositionarecontinuouslyupdated.Tutorial33-21Whensteps1to4arecompleted,theelementwillbedisplayedinthedrawingareaasshownbelow.Figure3.14Tutorial3

3-225.Atthispoint,letusremovethegriddisplayfromthestructure.Todothat,clickontheClosebuttonintheSnapNode/Platedialogbox.Figure3.15Tutorial33-23Thegridwillnowberemovedandthestructureinthemainwindowshouldresemblethefigureshownbelow.Figure3.166.Itisveryimportantthatwesaveourworkoften,toavoidlossofdataandprotectourinvestmentoftimeandeffortagainstpowerinterruptions,systemproblems,orotherunforeseenevents.Tosave

thefile,pulldowntheFilemenuandselecttheSavecommand.7.Foreasyidentification,theentitiesdrawnonthescreencanbelabeled.Letusdisplaytheplatenumbers.(Pleaserefertothe‘FrequentlyPerformedTasks’sectionattheendofthismanualtolearnmoreaboutswitchingonnode/beam/platelabels.)Tutorial33-24Thefollowingfigureillustratestheplatenumberdisplayedonthestructure.Thestructureinthemainwindowshouldresemblethefigureshownbelow.Figure3.17Ifyouarefeelingadventurous,hereisasmallexerciseforyou.ChangethefontoftheplatelabelsbygoingtotheViewmenuand

selectingtheOptionscommand,andthenselectingtheappropriatetab(Platelabels)fromtheOptionsdialogbox.Tutorial33-25Creatingelement28.Examiningthestructureshowninsection3.2ofthistutorial,itcanbeseenthattheremainingelementscanbeeasilygeneratedifwecouldcopytheexistingplateandthen,pastethecopiedunitatspecificdistances.TheprogramdoesindeedhaveaCopy-PastefacilityanditisundertheEditmenu.

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First,selectplate1usingthePlatesCursor.9.ClicktherightmousebuttonandchooseCopyfromthepop-upmenu(orclickontheEditmenuandchooseCopy).Onceagain,clicktherightmousebuttonandselectPastePlates(orchoosePastePlatesfromtheEditmenu)asshownbelow.Figure3.18Figure3.19Tutorial33-2610.Sincethisfacilityallowsustocreateonlyonecopyatatime,allthatwecancreatefromelement1iselement2.Thefournodesofelement2areatdistanceofX=2,Y=0,andZ=0awayfromelement1.So,inthedialogboxthatcomesup,provide2,0,and0forX,YandZrespectivelyandclickontheOKbutton.Figure3.20Themodelwillnowlookliketheoneshownbelow.Figure3.21Tutorial33-27Creatingelement311.Thenodesofelement3areatX=4mawayfromthoseofelement1.So,letuscreatethethirdelementbyrepeatingsteps8to10exceptforproviding4mforXinthePastewithMovedialogbox.Alternatively,wecoulduseelement2asthebasisforcreatingelement3,inwhichcase,theXincrementwillbe2m.Ifyoumake

amistakeandenduppastingtheelementatawronglocation,youcanundotheoperationbyselectingUndofromtheEditmenu.Aftercreatingthethirdelement,themodelshouldlookliketheoneshownbelow.Figure3.22Clickanywhereinthescreentoun-highlightthehighlightedplate.Creatingelements4,5and612.Theelements4,5and6areidenticaltothefirstthreeelementsexceptthattheirnodesareataZdistanceof2mawayfromthecorrespondingnodesofelements1to3.WecanhenceusetheCopy-PastetechniqueandspecifytheZincrementas2m.Selectallthreeoftheexistingplatesbyrubber-bandingaroundthemusingthemouse.

Tutorial33-2813.ClicktherightmousebuttonandchooseCopyfromthepop-upmenu(orclickontheEditmenuandchooseCopy).Onceagain,clicktherightmousebuttonandselectPastePlates(orchoosePastePlatesfromtheEditmenu).14.Provide0,0,and2forX,YandZrespectivelyinthePastewithMovedialogboxthatcomesup.Then,clickontheOKbuttonandobservethatthreenewelementsarecreated.Sincesomeelementsarestillhighlighted,clickanywhereinthedrawingareatoun-highlightthoseelements.Themodel,withallthesixplatesgenerated,willnowlookasshownbelow.

Figure3.23Tutorial33-29Ifyouwanttoproceedwithassigningtheremainderofthedata,gotosection3.6.2.Ifinstead,youwishtoexploretheremainingmethodsofcreatingthismodel,thecurrentstructurewillhavetobeentirelydeleted.Thiscanbedoneusingthefollowingprocedure.FromtheSelectmenu,chooseByAll|AllGeometryoption.Theentirestructurewillbehighlighted.Hitthekeyonyour

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keyboard.Amessageboxshownbelowwillappear.ClickontheOKbutton.Figure3.24AsweclickontheOKbutton,thefollowingmessageboxappears.LetussayYes.Themessageboxwillbedismissedandtheentirestructurewillbedeleted.Figure3.25Tutorial33-30CreatingthePlates-Method2Steps:Creatingelement11.Inthismethod,wewillbeusingSTAAD’sTranslationalRepeatfacilitytocreateourmodel.Toutilizethisfacility,weneedatleastoneexistingentitytouseasthebasisforthetranslationalrepeat.So,letusfollowsteps1to7from‘Method1’tocreatethefirstelement.Oncethatisdone,ourmodelwilllookliketheoneshownbelow.Note:Ifyouhavetroublebringingthegridsettingsdialogbox,gototheGeometrymenuandselectSnap/GridNodePlate.Figure3.26Tutorial33-31Creatingelements2and3

2.InMethod1,itrequiredtwoseparateexecutionsoftheCopy/Pastefunctiontocreateelements2and3.Thatisbecause,thatfacilitydoesnotcontainaprovisionforspecifyingthenumberofcopiesonewouldliketocreate.TranslationalRepeatisafacilitywheresuchaprovisionisavailable.Selectplate1usingthePlatesCursor.(Pleaserefertothe‘FrequentlyPerformedTasks’sectionattheendofthismanualtolearnmoreaboutselectingplates.)3.ClickontheTranslationalRepeaticonorselecttheGeometry|TranslationalRepeatmenuoptionasshownbelow.Figure3.27Figure3.28Tutorial33-32

The3DRepeatdialogboxcomesup.Bydefault(whentheGeometryOnlyoptionisnotchecked),allloads,properties,designparameters,memberreleases,etc.ontheselectedentitieswillautomaticallybecopiedalongwiththeentities.BycheckingthenewoptionlabeledGeometryOnly,thetranslationalrepeatingwillbeperformedusingonlytheGeometrydata.Inourexample,itdoesnotmatterbecausenootherattributeshavebeenassignedyet.4.Tocreateelements2and3alongtheXdirection,specifytheGlobalDirectionasX,NoofStepsas2andtheDefaultStepSpacing(alongX)as2m.TheLinkStepsoptionisapplicablewhenthenewlycreatedunitsarephysicallyremovedfromtheexistingunits,andwhenonewishestoconnectthemusingmembers.RenumberBayenablesustouseourownnumberingschemefor

entitiesthatwillbecreated,insteadofusingasequentialnumberingthattheprogramdoesifnoinstructionsareprovided.Letusleavetheseboxesunchecked.Then,clickonOK.Figure3.29Sinceelement1isstillhighlighted,clickanywhereinthedrawingareatoun-highlightit.Tutorial33-33Themodelwillnowlookasshownbelow.Figure3.30

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Creatingelements4,5and65.LetusfollowthesameTranslationalRepeatmethodtocreatetheseelements.Selectallthethreeexistingplatesbyrubber-bandingaroundthemusingthemouse.Makesurethatbeforeyoudothis,thecursortypeisthePlatesCursor,else,noplateswillbeselected.6.Repeatsteps3and4butthistime,specifytheGlobalDirectionasZ,NoofStepsas1andtheDefaultStepSpacingas2m.Leavealltheotherboxesunchecked.Then,clickonOK.Allthe6elementsarenowcreated.Sincesomeoftheplatesarestillhighlighted,clickanywhereinthedrawingareatoun-highlightthem.Tutorial33-34Ourmodelwillnowlookliketheoneshownbelow.Figure3.31Ifyouwanttoproceedwithassigningtheremainderofthedata,gotosection3.6.2.Instead,ifyouwishtoexploretheremainingmethodsofcreatingthismodel,thecurrentstructurewillhavetobeentirelydeleted.Thiscanbedoneusingthefollowingprocedure.FromtheSelectmenu,chooseByAll|AllGeometryoption.Theentirestructurewillbehighlighted.Hitthekeyonyourkeyboard.Amessageboxshownbelowwillappear.Clickonthe

OKbutton.Figure3.32Tutorial33-35AsweclickontheOKbutton,thefollowingmessageboxappears.LetussayYes.Themessageboxwillbedismissedandtheentirestructurewillbedeleted.Figure3.33Tutorial33-36CreatingthePlates-Method3Steps:ThereisafacilityinSTAADcalledStructureWizardwhichoffers

alibraryofpre-definedstructureprototypes,suchasPrattTruss,NorthlightTruss,CylindricalFrame,etc.Asurfaceentitysuchasaslaborwall,whichcanbedefinedusing3-nodedor4-nodedplateelementsisonesuchprototype.Wecanalsocreateourownlibraryofstructureprototypes.Fromthiswizard,astructuralmodelmayparametricallybegenerated,andcanthenbeincorporatedintoourmainstructure.StructureWizardcanhencebethoughtofasastorefromwhereonecanfetchvariouscomponentsandassembleacompletestructure.1.SelecttheGeometry|RunStructureWizardmenuoptionfromthetopmenubar.Figure3.34Tutorial3

3-37TheStructureWizardwindowopensupasshownbelow.Figure3.35(NotethattheOpenStructureWizardoptionintheWheredoyouwanttogo?dialogboxinthebeginningstageofcreatinganewstructure–seeFigure3.9–alsobringsupthisfacility.)Tutorial33-382.Theunitoflengthshouldbespecifiedpriortothegenerationofamodel.FromtheFilemenuofthisStructureWizardwindow,click

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SelectUnits.IntheSelectUnitsdialogboxthatcomesup,wecanselectoneoftheunitsoflengthfromImperial(inch,feet)orSI/Metric(millimeter,centimeter,meter)systemofunits.LetuschooseMetersandclickontheOKbutton.Figure3.36Figure3.373.FromtheModelTypelistbox,selectSurface/PlateModelsasshownbelow.Figure3.38Tutorial33-394.ToselecttheQuadPlateoption,clickonitusingthemouse.Figure3.395.Then,usingthemouse,eitherdouble-clickontheQuadPlateoptionor,dragtheQuadPlateoptiontotherightsideoftheStructureWizardwindowasshownbelow.Figure3.40Tutorial33-406.AdialogboxbythenameSelectMeshingParameterscomesup.Inthisbox,wespecify,amongotherthings,twomainpiecesofinformation-a)thedimensionsoftheboundary(orsuperelementasitiscommonlyknown)fromwhichtheindividualelementsaregeneratedb)thenumberofindividualelementsthatmustbegenerated.(a)isdefinedintermsoftheX,Y,Zcoordinatesofits

CornersA,B,CandD.(b)isdefinedintermsofthenumberofdivisionsalongsidesAB,BC,etc.LetusprovidetheCorners,theBiasandtheDivisionsofthemodelasshowninthefigurebelow.Then,clickontheApplybutton.Figure3.41Ifyoumadeamistakeandwishtobringuptheabovedialogboxagain,clicktherightmousebuttoninthedrawingareaandchooseChangeProperty.Figure3.42Tutorial33-417.Totransferthemodeltothemainwindow,selectFile|Merge

ModelwithSTAAD.ProModelasshownbelow.Figure3.438.Whenthefollowingmessageboxcomesup,letusconfirmourtransferbyclickingontheYesbutton.Figure3.44Thedialogboxshowninthenextfigurecomesup.Ifwehadanexistingstructureinthemainwindow,inthisdialogbox,wewillbeabletoprovidetheco-ordinatesofanodeofthestructureinthemainwindowtowhichwewanttoconnectthepiecebeingbroughtfromthewizard.Ifthereisn’tanyexistingstructure,thisboxisameansofspecifyinganydistancesalongX,YandZaxesbywhichwewanttheunit(beingbroughtfromtheWizard)tobeshifted.

Tutorial33-42Inourcase,sincewedonothaveanexistingstructureinthemainwindow,nordowewishtoshifttheunitbyanyamount,letussimplyclickontheOKbutton.Figure3.45Themodelwillnowbetransferredtothemainwindow.Figure3.46Tutorial33-43

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Ifyouwanttoproceedwithassigningtheremainderofthedata,gotosection3.6.2.Instead,ifyouwishtoexploretheremainingmethodsofcreatingthismodel,thecurrentstructurewillhavetobeentirelydeleted.Thiscanbedoneusingthefollowingprocedure.FromtheSelectmenu,chooseByAll|AllGeometryoption.Theentirestructurewillbehighlighted.Hitthekeyonyourkeyboard.Amessageboxshownbelowwillappear.ClickontheOKbutton.Figure3.47AsweclickontheOKbutton,thefollowingmessageboxappears.LetussayYes.Themessageboxwillbedismissedandtheentirestructurewillbedeleted.Figure3.48Tutorial33-44CreatingthePlates-Method4Steps:TheSTAAD.ProGUIcontainsafacilityforgeneratingameshofelementsfromaboundary(orsuperelement)definedbyasetofcornernodes.ThisfacilityisinadditiontotheonewesawinMethod3.Theboundaryhastoformaclosedsurfaceandhastobeaplane,thoughthatplanecanbeinclinedtoanyoftheglobalplanes.

1.Thefirststepindefiningtheboundaryisselectingthecornernodes.Ifthesenodesdonotexist,theymustbecreatedbeforetheycanbeselected.So,eitherclickontheSnapNode/QuadPlatesiconorselectGeometry|Snap/GridNode|Plate|Quadmenuoptionasshowninthefiguresbelow.Figure3.49Tutorial33-45Figure3.502.ASnapNode/Platedialogboxappearsinthedataareaontherightsideofthescreen.(Wehavealreadyseenthisdialogboxinmethods1and2.)Asbefore,letusselecttheLineartab.Inourstructure,theelementslieintheX-Zplane.So,inthisdialogbox,

letuschooseX-ZasthePlaneofthegrid.ThesizeofthemodelthatcanbedrawnatanytimeiscontrolledbythenumberofConstructionLinestotheleftandrightoftheoriginofaxes,andtheSpacingbetweenadjacentconstructionlines.Allthatweareinterestedinisthe4cornernodesofthesuper-element.So,letusset1asthenumberoflinestotherightoftheoriginalongXandZ,andaspacingof6mbetweenlinesalongXand4malongZ.Tutorial33-46Figure3.51Tutorial33-47Themaindrawingareawillnowlooksimilartotheoneshown

below.Figure3.52Tutorial33-483.Tostartcreatingthenodes,letusfirstactivatetheSnapNode/Platebuttonbyclickingonit.Holdingthe‘Ctrl’keydown,clickatthefourcornersofthegridasshownbelow.Thosefourpointsrepresentthefourcornersofourslabandare(0,0,0),(6,0,0),(6,0,4),and(0,0,4).Infact,keepingthe‘Ctrl’keypressedandclickingatpointsonthegridsuccessively,isawayofcreating

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newnodeswithoutconnectingthosenodeswithbeamsorplates.Ifthe‘Ctrl’keyweren’tkeptpressed,thenodeswouldbecomeconnected.Figure3.53Itisworthnotingthatthepurposeofthepreviousfourstepswastomerelycreatethefournodes.Consequently,anyoftheseveralmethodsavailableintheprogramcouldhavebeenusedtocreatethosenodes.Wecouldhavetypedthedataintotheeditor,orinthegridtablesoftheGeometry-Platepagecontrolarea,orevenusedtheSnapGrid/Node–BeamoptionoftheGeometrymenufromthetopofthescreentographicallycreatethepoints.Tutorial33-494.LetusnowClosetheSnapNode/Platedialogboxasshownbelow.Figure3.54Wearenowreadytoutilizethesecondmethodavailableintheprogramformeshgeneration.Tutorial33-505.Forthis,eitherclickontheGenerateSurfaceMeshingiconorgotoGeometry|GenerateSurfaceMeshingmenuoptionasshownbelow.Figure3.55Figure3.56

Tutorial33-516.Wenowhavetoselectthepointswhichformtheboundaryofthesuperelementfromwhichtheindividualelementswillbecreated.Thefourpointswejustcreatedarethosefourpoints.So,letusclickatthefournodepointsinsuccessionasshownbelow.Lastly,closetheloopbyclickingatthestartnode(orthefirstclickedpoint)again.Figure3.57Asweclickatthestartnodethesecondtime,thefollowingdialogboxcomesup.LetuschoosetheQuadrilateralMeshingoptionandclickontheOKbutton.Figure3.58

Tutorial33-527.TheSelectMeshingParametersdialogbox(aswesawearlierinMethod3),comesup.Noticethatthistimehowever,thedataforthefourcornersisautomaticallyfilledin.TheprogramusedthecoordinatesofthefournodesweselectedtodefineA,B,C,andD.ProvidetheBiasandtheDivisionsofthemodelasshowninthefigurebelow.ClickontheApplybutton.Figure3.59AsweclickontheApplybutton,ourmodelwillappearinthedrawingareaastheoneshownbelow.Clickonthebuttontoexitthemeshgeneratingmode.Figure3.60

Tutorial33-533.6.2ChangingtheinputunitsoflengthAsamatterofconvenience,forspecifyingelementpropertiesforourstructure,itissimplerifourlengthunitsarecentimeterinsteadofmeter.Thiswillrequirechangingthecurrentlengthunitsofinput.Thecommandtobegeneratedis:UNITCMKNSteps:1.ClickontheInputUnitsiconfromtheappropriatetoolbar.

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Figure3.61Alternatively,onemayselecttheTools|SetCurrentInputUnitmenuoptionasshownbelow.Figure3.62Tutorial33-542.Ineithercase,thefollowingdialogboxcomesup.SettheLengthUnitstoCentimeterandclickontheOKbutton.Figure3.63Tutorial33-553.6.3SpecifyingElementPropertiesJustaspropertiesareassignedtomembers,propertiesmustbeassignedtoplateelementstoo.Thepropertyrequiredforplatesistheplatethickness(orthethicknessateachnodeofelementsiftheslabhasavaryingthickness).ThecorrespondingcommandwhichshouldbegeneratedintheSTAADcommandfileis:ELEMENTPROPERTY1TO6THICKNESS30Steps:1.ClickonthePropertyPageiconlocatedontheStructureToolstoolbar.Figure3.64

Tutorial33-56Alternatively,onemaygototheGeneral|Propertypagefromtheleftsideofthescreenasshownbelow.Figure3.65Tutorial33-572.Ineithercase,thePropertiesdialogboxcomesupasshownbelow.PlatethicknessisspecifiedthroughthedialogboxavailableundertheThicknessbutton.Figure3.66Tutorial33-58

3.Thedialogboxshownbelowcomesup.Letusprovidetheplatethicknessas30cm.NoticethatthefieldcalledMaterialispresentlyonthecheckedmode.Ifwekeepitthatway,thematerialpropertiesofconcrete(E,Poisson,Density,Alpha,etc.)willbeassignedalongwiththeplatethickness.Thematerialpropertyvaluessoassignedwillbetheprogramdefaults.(Toseethosedefaultvalues,clickontheMaterialsbuttoninthedialogboxshowninthepreviousfigure.)Sincewewanttoassignjustthedefaultvalues,letuskeeptheMaterialboxinthecheckedmodeitself.Then,clickontheAddbuttonfollowedbytheClosebuttonasshownbelow.Figure3.67Tutorial3

3-59Atthispoint,thePropertiesdialogboxwilllookasshownbelow.Figure3.684.Sincewewantthethicknesstobeappliedtoallelementsofthestructure,letusselecttheAssignmentMethodcalledAssignToViewandthenclickontheAssignbuttonasshownintheabovefigure.AsweclickontheAssignbutton,thefollowingmessageboxcomesup.LetusclickontheYesbuttontoconfirmourchoice.Figure3.69

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Tutorial33-60Thestructurewillnowlookasshownbelow.Figure3.70Clickanywhereinthedrawingareatoun-highlighttheselectedentities.Wedothisonlyasasafetyprecaution.Whenanentityishighlighted,clickingonanyAssignoptionisliabletocauseanundesiredattributetobeassignedtothatentity.Tutorial33-613.6.4SpecifyingMaterialConstantsInSection3.6.3,wekepttheMaterialcheckbox“on”whileassigningtheelementproperties.Consequently,thematerialconstants(E,Density,Poisson’sRatio,etc.)ofconcretegotassignedtotheplatesalongwiththeproperties,andthefollowingcommandsweregeneratedinthecommandfile:UNITMETERKNCONSTANTSE2.17185e+007MEMB1TO6POISSON0.17MEMB1TO6DENSITY23.5616MEMB1TO6ALPHA1e-005MEMB1TO6Hence,thereisnolongeraneedtoassigntheconstantsseparately.However,ifwehadn’tassignedthemasbefore,wecouldgotothe

menuoptionCommands|MaterialConstantsandassignthemexplicitlyasshowninthefigurebelow.Figure3.71Tutorial33-623.6.5SpecifyingSupportsTheslabisfixed-supportedalongtheentirelengthoftwoofitssides.However,whenmodelledasplateelements,thesupportscanbespecifiedonlyatthenodesalongthoseedges,andnotatanypointbetweenthenodes.Ithencebecomesapparentthatifoneiskeenonbettermodellingtheedgeconditions,theslabwouldhavetobemodelledusingalargernumberofelements.Inourcase,thecommandsweneedtogenerateare:

SUPPORTS1245710FIXEDSteps:1.Tocreatesupports,clickontheSupportPageiconlocatedintheStructureToolstoolbarasshownbelow.Figure3.72Tutorial33-63Alternatively,onemaygototheGeneral|SupportPagefromtheleftsideofthescreen.Figure3.73Tutorial33-64

2.Ineithercase,theSupportsdialogboxcomesupasshowninthenextfigure.3.Foreasyidentificationofthenodeswherewewishtoplacethesupports,letusturntheNodeNumberson.4.Sincewealreadyknowthatnodes1,2,5,7,4and10aretobeassociatedwiththeFixedsupport,usingtheNodesCursor,selectthesenodes.5.Then,clickontheCreatebuttonintheSupportsdialogboxasshownbelow.Figure3.74

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Tutorial33-656.Thedialogboxshownbelowcomesup.TheFixedtabhappenstobethedefaultwhichisconvenientforthiscase.ClickontheAssignbuttonasshownbelow.Figure3.75ItisimportanttounderstandthattheAssignbuttonisactivebecauseofwhatwedidinstep4earlier.Hadwenotselectedthenodesbeforereachingthispoint,thisoptionwouldnothavebeenactive.Tutorial33-66Afterthesupportshavebeenassigned,thestructurewilllookliketheoneshownbelow.Figure3.76Tutorial33-673.6.6SpecifyingPrimaryLoadCasesThreeprimaryloadcaseshavetobecreatedforthisstructure.Detailsoftheseloadcasesareavailableatthebeginningofthistutorial.Thecorrespondingcommandstobegeneratedarelistedbelow.UNITMETERKGLOAD1DEADLOAD

SELFY-1.0LOAD2EXTERNALPRESSURELOADELEMENTLOAD1TO6PRGY-300LOAD3TEMPERATURELOAD1TO6TEMP4030Steps:1.Tocreateloads,clickontheLoadPageiconlocatedontheStructureToolstoolbar.Figure3.77Tutorial33-68

Alternatively,onemaygototheGeneral|LoadPagefromtheleftsideofthescreen.Figure3.782.NoticethatthepressureloadvaluelistedinthebeginningofthistutorialisinKNandmeterunits.Ratherthanconvertthatvaluetothecurrentinputunits,wewillconformtothoseunits.Thecurrentinputunits,whichwelastsetwhilespecifyingTHICKNESSwasCENTIMETER.WehavetochangetheforceunittoKilogramandthelengthunitstoMeter.Tochangetheunits,asbefore,clickontheInputUnitsiconfromthetoptoolbar,orselecttheTools|SetCurrentInputUnitmenuoptionfromthetopmenubar.IntheSetCurrentInputUnitsdialogboxthatcomesup,specifythelengthunitsasmeterandtheforceunitsasKilogram.

Tutorial33-69LOADCASE13.Awindowtitled“Load”appearsontheright-handsideofthescreen.Toinitiatethefirstloadcase,highlightLoadCasesDetailsandclickontheAddbutton.Figure3.794.TheAddNewLoadCasesdialogboxcomesup.Thedrop-downlistboxagainstLoadingTypeisavailableincasewewishtoassociatetheloadcasewearecreatingwithanyoftheACI,AISCorIBC

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definitionsofDead,Live,Ice,etc.Thistypeofassociationneedstobedoneifweintendtousetheprogram

sfacilityforautomaticallygeneratingloadcombinationsinaccordancewiththosecodes.NoticethatthereisacheckboxcalledReducibleperUBC/IBC.ThisfeaturebecomesactiveonlywhentheloadcaseisassignedaLoadingTypecalledLiveatthetimeofcreationofthatcase.PleaserefertoSTAAD.Pro2004ReleaseReportforfurtherdetails.Aswedonotintendtousetheautomaticloadcombinationgenerationoption,wewillleavetheLoadingTypeasNone.EnterDEADLOADastheTitleforLoadCase1andclickonAdd.Tutorial33-70Figure3.80ThenewlycreatedloadcasewillnowappearundertheLoadCasesDetailsintheLoaddialogbox.Figure3.815.Togenerateandassignthefirstloadtype,highlightDEADLOAD.YouwillnoticethattheAddNewLoadItemsdialogboxshowsmoreoptionsnow.Figure3.82Tutorial33-716.IntheAddNewLoadItemsdialogbox,selecttheSelfweightLoad

optionundertheSelfweightitem.SpecifytheDirectionasY,andtheFactoras-1.0.Thenegativenumbersignifiesthattheselfweightloadactsoppositetothepositivedirectionoftheglobalaxis(Yinthiscase)alongwhichitisapplied.ClickontheAddbutton.Theselfweightloadisapplicabletoeverymemberofthestructure,andcannotbeappliedonaselectedlistofmembers.Figure3.83Tutorial33-72LOADCASE27.Next,letusinitiatethecreationofthesecondloadcasewhichisapressureloadontheelements.Todothis,highlightLoadCasesDetails.IntheAddNewLoadCasesdialogbox,onceagain,weare

notassociatingtheloadcaseweareabouttocreatewithanycodebasedLoadingTypeandso,leavethatboxasNone.SpecifytheTitleofthesecondloadcaseasEXTERNALPRESSURELOADandclickontheAddbutton.Figure3.84Togenerateandassignthesecondloadtype,highlightEXTERNALPRESSURELOAD.Figure3.85Tutorial33-738.IntheAddNewLoadItemsdialogbox,selectthePressureonFullPlateoptionunderthePlateLoadsitemenablestheloadtobeappliedonthefullareaoftheelement.(TheConcentratedLoadis

forapplyingaconcentratedforceontheelement.TheTrapezoidalandHydrostaticoptionsarefordefiningpressureswithintensitiesvaryingfromonepointtoanother.ThePartialPlatePressureLoadisusefuliftheloadistobeappliedasa“patch”onasmalllocalisedportionofanelement.)LetuskeepourfocusonthePressureonFullPlateoption.Provide-300kg/m2forW1(Force),GYastheDirectionandclickontheAddbuttonfollowedbytheClosebutton.Figure3.86Tutorial3

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3-749.Sincethepressureloadistobeappliedonalltheelementsofthemodel,theeasiestwaytodothatistosettheAssignmentMethodtoAssignToView.Then,clickontheAssignbuttonintheLoaddialogboxasshownbelow.Figure3.87Aftertheloadhasbeenassigned,themodelwilllookasshownbelow.Figure3.88Tutorial33-75LOADCASE310.Next,letuscreatethethirdloadcasewhichisatemperatureload.Theinitiationofanewloadcaseisbestdoneusingtheprocedureexplainedinstep7.Inthedialogboxthatcomesup,letusspecifytheTitleofthethirdloadcaseasTEMPERATURELOADandclickontheAddbutton.Figure3.89Togenerateandassignthethirdloadtype,asbefore,highlightTEMPERATURELOAD.11.TemperatureLoadsarecreatedfromtheinputscreensavailableundertheTemperatureoptionintheAddNewLoadItemsdialogbox.Tutorial3

3-7612.IntheAddNewLoadItemsdialogbox,makesurethattheTemperatureitemisselectedundertheTemperatureLoadsoption.Then,provide40astheTemperatureChangeforAxialElongationand30astheTemperatureDifferentialfromToptoBottomandclickontheAddbuttonfollowedbytheClosebutton.Figure3.9013.Sinceweintendtoapplythetemperatureloadonalltheplates,asbefore,chooseAssignToViewandclickontheAssignbuttonintheLoadsdialogbox(seestep9forexplanation).Tutorial33-773.6.7Creatingloadcombinations

Thespecificationsatthebeginningofthistutorialrequireustocreatetwocombinationcases.Thecommandsrequiredare:LOADCOMBINATION101CASE1+CASE211.021.0LOADCOMBINATION102CASE1+CASE311.031.0Steps:LOADCOMBINATION1011.Toinitiateanddefineloadcase4asaloadcombination,onceagain,highlighttheLoadCasesDetailsoption.IntheAddNewLoadCasesdialogbox,clickontheDefineCombinationsoptionfromtheleft-handside.EntertheLoadNo:as101andtheTitleasCASE1+CASE2.

Figure3.91Tutorial33-782.Next,intheDefineCombinationsbox,selectloadcase1fromtheleftsidelistboxandclickonthebutton.Repeatthiswithloadcase2also.Loadcases1and2willappearintherightsidelistboxasshowninthefigurebelow.(Thesedataindicatethatweareaddingthetwoloadcaseswithamultiplicationfactorof1.0andthattheloadcombinationresultswouldbeobtainedbyalgebraicsummationoftheresultsforindividualloadcases.)Finally,click

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ontheAddbutton.Figure3.92Case101hasnowbeencreated.Tutorial33-79LOADCOMBINATION1023.Toinitiateanddefineloadcase5asaloadcombination,asbefore,entertheLoadNo:as102andtheTitleasCASE1+CASE3.Next,repeatstep2exceptforselectingloadcases1and3insteadofcases1and2.Figure3.93Thus,load102isalsocreated.Tutorial33-80Ifwechangeourmindaboutthecompositionofanyexistingcombinationcase,wecanselectthecasewewanttoalter,andmakethenecessarychangesintermsoftheconstituentcasesortheirfactors.Figure3.94LetusexitthisdialogboxbyclickingontheClosebutton.Itisalsoworthnotingthatasloadcasesarecreated,afacilityforquicklyswitchingbetweenthevariouscasesbecomesavailableatthetopofthescreenintheformofaloadcaseselectionboxasshownbelow.

Figure3.95Tutorial33-81Wehavenowcompletedthetaskofcreatingallloadcases.LetusonceagainsaveourmodelbypullingdowntheFilemenuandselectingtheSavecommandorbyholdingthe‘Ctrl’keyandpressingthe‘S’key.Tutorial33-823.6.8SpecifyingtheanalysistypeTheanalysistypewearerequiredtodoisalinearstatictype.Wewillalsoobtainastaticequilibriumreport.Thisrequiresthecommand:

PERFORMANALYSISPRINTSTATICSCHECKSteps:1.TospecifytheAnalysiscommand,firstgotoAnalysis/PrintPagefromtheleftsideofthescreen.Figure3.96Tutorial33-832.IntheAnalysis/PrintCommandsdialogboxthatappears,theinstructionforspecifyingalinearelastictypeanalysisisprovidedusingthePerformAnalysistab.Toobtainthestaticequilibriumreport,checktheStaticsCheckprintoption.(Inresponsetothisoption,areportconsistingofthesummaryofappliedloadingandsummaryofsupportreactions,foreachloadcase,willbeproduced

intheSTAADoutputfile.Seesection3.10forinformationonviewingthisreport).Figure3.97Finally,clickontheAddbuttonfollowedbytheClosebutton.Tutorial33-84TheAnalysisdialogboxinthedataareawiththenewlyaddedinstructionwilllookasshownbelow.Figure3.98LetussavethedataonceagainusingtheFile|Saveoption.

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Tutorial33-853.6.9Specifyingpost-analysisprintcommandsTwotypesofelementresultscanberequested:a)ELEMENTSTRESSESatthecentroidoranypointontheelementsurfaceb)theelementforcesatthenodes.Theformerconsistsofstressesandmomentsperunitwidth,asexplainedinsections1.6.1and3.41oftheSTAADTechnicalReferenceManual.Thelatterconsistsofthe3forcesand3momentsateachnodeoftheelementsintheglobalaxissystem(seesection3.41fordetails).Wewouldliketoobtainboththeseresults.WewillalsosettheunitsinwhichtheseresultsareprintedtoKNandMeterforelementstressesandKgandMeterforelementforces.Thisrequiresthespecificationofthefollowingcommands:UNITMETERKNPRINTELEMENTSTRESSESLIST3UNITKGMETERPRINTELEMENTFORCELIST6TheseresultswillbewrittenintheSTAADoutputfileandcanbeviewedusingtheprocedureexplainedinsection3.10.Steps:1.GotoTools|SetCurrentInputUnitmenuoption.SetthelengthandforceunitstoMeterandKiloNewtonrespectively.2.Thedialogboxforrequestingelementresultsisavailableinthe

Post-Printsub-pageoftheAnalysis|Printpage.ClickontheDefineCommandsbuttoninthedataareaontherighthandsideofthescreen.Tutorial33-86Figure3.993.IntheAnalysis/PrintCommandsdialogboxthatappears,selecttheElementForces/Stressestab.ChoosethePrintElementStressesoptionandclickontheAddbuttonfollowedbytheClosebutton.Figure3.100Tutorial33-874.Again,gotoTools|SetCurrentInputUnitmenuoption.Setthe

lengthandforceunitstoMeterandKilogramrespectively.Then,repeatsteps2and3.Instep3,selectthePrintElementForcesoptionandclickontheAddbuttonfollowedbytheClosebutton.Atthispoint,thePostAnalysisPrintdialogboxwilllookasshownbelow.Figure3.101Tutorial33-885.ToassociatethePRINTELEMENTSTRESSEScommandwithelement3,firstselectthecommandasshowninthepreviousfigure.Then,usingthePlatesCursor,clickonelementno.3.

Asweselecttheplate,theAssignmentMethodautomaticallybecomesAssigntoSelectedPlates.ClickontheAssignbuttonasshownbelow.Figure3.1026.ToassociatethePRINTELEMENTFORCEcommandwithelement6,repeatstep5exceptforselectingelementno.6intheplaceofelementno.3.Wehavenowcompletedthetasksofassigningtheinputforthismodel.LetussavethefileonelasttimeusingtheFile|Saveoption.

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Tutorial33-893.7ViewingtheinputcommandfileLetusnowtakealookatthedatathathasbeenwrittenintothefilethatwejustsavedearlier.Aswehaveseenintheprevioustutorials,whilethemodelisbeingcreatedgraphically,acorrespondingsetofcommandsdescribingthataspectofthemodelisbeingsimultaneouslywrittenintoacommandfilewhichisasimpletextfile.Anabstractofthosecommandswasalsomentionedunderthetitle“commandstobegeneratedare..”atthebeginningofeachsectionofthistutorial.ThecontentsofthattextfilecanbeviewedinitsentiretyeitherbyclickingontheSTAADEditoriconor,bygoingtotheEditmenuandchoosingEditInputCommandFileasshownbelow.Figure3.103Figure3.104Tutorial33-90Anewwindowwillopenupwiththedatalistedasshownhere:Figure3.105ThiswindowandthefacilitiesitcontainsisknownastheSTAADEditor.WecouldmakemodificationstothedataofourstructureinthisEditorifwewishtodoso.LetusExittheEditorwithoutdoingso

byselectingtheFile|Exitmenuoptionoftheeditorwindow(nottheFile|Exitmenuofthemainwindowbehindtheeditorwindow).Insteadofusingthegraphicalmethodsexplainedintheprevioussections,wecouldhavecreatedtheentiremodelbytypingthesespecificcommandsintotheeditor.Thiswasoneofthemethodsmentionedinsection3.1ofthistutorial.Ifyouwouldliketounderstandthatmethod,proceedtothenextsection.Ifyouwanttoskipthatpart,proceedtosection3.9whereweperformtheanalysisonthismodel.Tutorial33-913.8Creatingthemodelusingthecommandfile

Letusnowusethecommandfilemethodtocreatethemodelfortheabovestructure.Thecommandsusedinthecommandfilearedescribedlaterinthissection.TheSTAAD.Procommandfilemaybecreatedusingthebuilt-ineditor,theprocedureforwhichisexplainedfurtherbelowinthissection.AnystandardtexteditorsuchasNotepadorWordPadmayalsobeusedtocreatethecommandfile.However,theSTAAD.Procommandfileeditorofferstheadvantageofsyntaxcheckingaswetypethecommands.TheSTAAD.Prokeywords,numericdata,comments,etc.aredisplayedindistinctcolorsintheSTAAD.Proeditor.Atypicaleditorscreenisshownbelowtoillustrateitsgeneralappearance.Figure3.106

Tutorial33-92Toaccessthebuilt-ineditor,firststarttheprogramusingtheprocedureexplainedinSection3.3.Next,followstep1ofSection3.4(also,seeFiguresbelow).Figure3.107Youwillthenencounterthedialogboxshownbelow.Inthatdialogbox,chooseOpenSTAADEditor.Figure3.108Tutorial3

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3-93Atthispoint,theeditorscreenwillopenasshownbelow.Figure3.109Deleteallthecommandlinesdisplayedintheeditorwindowandtypethelinesshowninboldbelow(Youdon’thavetodeletethelinesifyouknowwhichtokeepandwheretofillintherestofthecommands).Thecommandsmaybetypedinupperorlowercaseletters.Usuallythefirstthreelettersofakeywordareallthatareneeded--therestofthelettersofthewordarenotrequired.Therequiredlettersareunderlined.(“SPACE”=“SPA”=“space”=“spa”)Tutorial33-94Actualinputisshowninboldletteringfollowedbyexplanation.STAADSPACESLABSUPPORTEDALONG2EDGESEveryinputhastostartwiththewordSTAAD.ThewordSPACEsignifiesthatthestructureisaspaceframestructure(3-D)andthegeometryisdefinedthroughX,YandZcoordinates.UNITMETERKNSpecifiestheunittobeusedfordatatofollow.JOINTCOORDINATES1000;2200;3202;40025400;6402;7600;86029204;10004;11404;12604

JointnumberfollowedbyX,YandZcoordinatesareprovidedabove.Semicolonsigns(;)areusedaslineseparators.Thatenablesustoprovidemultiplesetsofdataononeline.Forexample,node6has(X,Y,Z)coordinatesof(4,0,2).ELEMENTINCIDENCESSHELL11234;22563;35786;443910;536119;6681211Theincidencesofelementsaredefinedabove.Forexample,element3isdefinedasconnectedbetweenthenodes5,7,8and6.UNITCMKNELEMENTPROPERTY1TO6THICKNESS30Thelengthunitischangedfrommetertocentimeter.Element

propertiesarethenprovidedbyspecifyingthattheelementsare30cmthick.Tutorial33-95UNITMETERKNCONSTANTSE2.17185e+007ALLPOISSON0.17ALLDENSITY23.5616ALLALPHA1e-005ALLMaterialconstants,whichareE(modulusofelasticity),Density,Poisson’sRatioandAlpha,arespecifiedfollowingthecommandCONSTANTS.Priortothis,theinputunitsarechangedtoMeter

andKN.SUPPORTS1245710FIXEDJoints1,2,4,5,7and10aredefinedasfixedsupported.Thiswillcauseall6degreesoffreedomatthesenodestoberestrained.UNITKGLOAD1DEADLOADForceunitsarechangedfromKNtoKGtofacilitatetheinputofloads.Loadcase1istheninitiatedalongwithanaccompanyingtitle.

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SELFWEIGHTY-1Loadcase1consistsofselfweightofthestructureactingintheglobalYdirectionwithafactorof-1.0.SinceglobalYisverticallyupward,thefactorof-1.0indicatesthatthisloadwillactdownwards.LOAD2EXTERNALPRESSURELOADLoadcase2isinitiatedalongwithanaccompanyingtitle.ELEMENTLOAD1TO6PRGY-300Tutorial33-96Load2isapressureloadontheelements.Auniformpressureof300Kg/m2isappliedonalltheelements.GYindicatesthattheloadisintheglobalYdirection.Thenegativesign(-300)indicatesthattheloadactsoppositetothepositivedirectionofglobalY.LOAD3TEMPERATURELOADLoadcase3isinitiatedalongwithanaccompanyingtitle.TEMPERATURELOAD1TO6TEMP4030Load3isatemperatureload.Allthe6elementsaresubjectedtoain-planetemperatureincreaseof40degreesandatemperaturevariationacrossthethicknessof30degrees.ThisincreaseisinthesametemperatureunitsastheAlphavaluespecifiedearlierunderCONSTANTS.

LOADCOMB101CASE1+CASE211.021.0Loadcombination101isinitiatedalongwithanaccompanyingtitle.Loadcases1and2areindividuallyfactoredbyavalueof1.0,andthefactoredvaluesarecombinedalgebraically.LOADCOMB102CASE1+CASE311.031.0Loadcombination102isinitiatedalongwithanaccompanyingtitle.Loadcases1and3areindividuallyfactoredbyavalueof1.0,andthefactoredvaluesarecombinedalgebraically.PERFORMANALYSISPRINTSTATICSCHECKTheabovecommandinstructstheprogramtoproceedwiththeanalysis.Astaticequilibriumreportisalsorequestedwiththehelp

ofthewordsPRINTSTATICSCHECK.UNITMETERKNPRINTELEMENTSTRESSLIST3Tutorial33-97Thestressesandunitwidthmomentsarerequestedatthecentroidofelement3inKNandMeterunits.UNITKGMETERPRINTELEMENTFORCELIST6Theforcesandmomentsforall6d.o.fatthecornernodesofelement6arerequestedinKGandMeterunits.FINISHThiscommandterminatestheSTAADrun.

Letussavethefileandexittheeditor.Tutorial33-983.9PerformingtheanalysisanddesignInordertoobtainthedisplacements,forces,stressesandreactionsinthestructureduetotheappliedloads,themodelhastobeanalyzed.Ifthepass-failstatusofthemembersandelementspertherequirementsofsteelandconcretecodesistobedetermined,thatinvolvesaprocesscalleddesign.BoththeseprocessesarelaunchedusingtheRunAnalysisoptionfromtheAnalyzemenu.

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Figure3.110Ifthestructurehasnotbeensavedafterthelastchangewasmade,youshouldsavethestructurefirstbyusingtheSavecommandfromtheFilemenu.WhenyouselecttheRunAnalysisoptionfromtheAnalyzemenu,thefollowingdialogboxappears:Figure3.111Wearepresentedwiththechoiceof2engines:theSTAADengineandtheSTARDYNEAdvancedAnalysisengine.TheSTARDYNEAnalysisengineissuitableforadvancedproblemssuchasBucklingAnalysis,ModalExtractionusingvariousmethods,etc.However,ifthecalculationscallforsteelorconcretedesign,UBCTutorial33-99loadgeneration,etc.,wehavetoselecttheSTAADengine.Forthisproblem,letususetheSTAADengine.Then,clickontheRunAnalysisbutton.Astheanalysisprogresses,severalmessagesappearonthescreenasshowninthenextfigure.Figure3.112Attheendofthesecalculations,twoactivitiestakeplace.a)ADonebuttonbecomesactiveb)threeoptionsbecomeavailableatthebottomleftcornerofthisinformationwindow.Figure3.113

Tutorial33-100TheseoptionsareindicativeofwhatwillhappenafterweclickontheDonebutton.TheViewOutputFileoptionallowsustoviewtheoutputfilecreatedbySTAAD.Theoutputfilecontainsthenumericalresultsproducedinresponsetothevariousinputcommandswespecifiedduringthemodelgenerationprocess.Italsotellsuswhetheranyerrorswereencountered,andifso,whethertheanalysisanddesignwassuccessfullycompletedornot.Section3.10(also,seesection1.9)offersadditionaldetailsonviewingandunderstandingthecontentsoftheoutputfile.TheGoToPostProcessingModeoptionallowsustogoto

graphicalpartoftheprogramknownasthePost-processor.Thisiswhereonecanextensivelyverifytheresults,viewtheresultsgraphically,plotresultdiagrams,producereports,etc.Section3.11explainsthePostprocessingmodeingreaterdetail.TheStayinModellingModeletsuscontinuetobeintheModelgenerationmodeoftheprogram(theonewecurrentlyarein)incasewewishtomakefurtherchangestoourmodel.Tutorial33-1013.10ViewingtheoutputfileDuringtheanalysisstage,anoutputfilecontainingresults,warningsandmessagesassociatedwitherrorsifanyintheoutput,isproduced.Thisfilehastheextension.anlandmaybeviewed

usingtheoutputviewer.Section1.9ofthismanualcontainsinformationonviewingthisfile.InSections3.6.8and3.6.9,wehadprovidedinstructionstotheprogramtowritesomeveryspecificresultsintheoutputfile.Letusexaminethoseresults.PRINTSTATICSCHECKThisinstructionwasprovidedsothatwecouldviewareportindicatingifthestructureisinequilibriumforthevariousloadcases.Ifwescrolldowntheoutputfile,wewillseeinformationwhichlookslikethefollowing:

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***TOTALAPPLIEDLOAD(KGMETE)SUMMARY(LOADING1)SUMMATIONFORCE-X=0.00SUMMATIONFORCE-Y=-17298.83SUMMATIONFORCE-Z=0.00SUMMATIONOFMOMENTSAROUNDTHEORIGINMX=34597.65MY=0.00MZ=-51896.48***TOTALREACTIONLOAD(KGMETE)SUMMARY(LOADING1)SUMMATIONFORCE-X=0.00SUMMATIONFORCE-Y=17298.83SUMMATIONFORCE-Z=0.00SUMMATIONOFMOMENTSAROUNDTHEORIGINMX=-34597.65MY=0.00MZ=51896.48MAXIMUMDISPLACEMENTS(CM/RADIANS)(LOADING1)MAXIMUMSATNODETutorial33-102X=0.00000E+000Y=-3.20681E-0112Z=0.00000E+000RX=9.80406E-0412RY=0.00000E+000RZ=-6.49355E-049Foreachprimaryloadcase,thereportconsistsof:a.Summaryoftotalappliedloadsforall6degreesof

freedom,withmomentscalculatedabouttheoriginofthecoordinatesystem(0,0,0)b.Summaryoftotalreactionsfromthesupportsofthestructure,withmomentscalculatedabouttheoriginofthecoordinatesystem(0,0,0)c.Maximumdisplacements(3translationsand3rotations)inthestructureinducedbythisloadcaseEachofthe6termsofitem(a)mustbeequalandoppositetothecorrespondingtermofitem(b).Afailuretomeetthiscriteriawouldmeantheanalysisresults(foralinearelasticanalysis)maybeerroneous.Factorssuchasinstabilityconditionsorimproperlyappliedloadscancausetheequilibriumchecktofail.Itisquiteimportanttoexaminethemaximumdisplacementssince

theytelluswhetherthedeformationsarewithintolerablelimits.Sincetheinformationpresentedaboveisforloadcase1,andsinceloadcase1istheselfweightofthestructure,wecanconcludethatthestructureweighs17298.83Kgs.Tutorial33-103STRESSESFORELEMENT3Thisinformationconsistsofthestressand“momentoverunitwidth”valuesatthecentroidofelement3.Atypicalsampleispresentedbelow.ELEMENTSTRESSESFORCE,LENGTHUNITS=KNMETE----------------FORCEORSTRESS=FORCE/UNITWIDTH/THICK,

MOMENT=FORCE-LENGTH/UNITWIDTHELEMENTLOADSQXSQYMXMYMXYVONTVONBSXSYSXY31-18.1372.86-3.96-20.42-3.351308.631308.630.000.000.00TOP:SMAX=-220.33SMIN=-1404.81TMAX=592.24ANGLE=-11.1BOTT:SMAX=1404.81SMIN=220.33TMAX=592.24ANGLE=-11.1ThesetermsareexplainedinSection1.6.1oftheSTAADTechnicalReferenceManualinelaboratedetail.Exampleproblem18oftheExamplesManualexplainsthemethodinvolvedin

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calculatingtheprincipalstressesSMAX,SMINandTMAX.Tutorial33-104FORCESFORELEMENT6Thisinformationconsistsoftheforceandmomentvaluesateachofthe4cornernodesofelement6.Atypicalsampleispresentedbelow.ELEMENTFORCESFORCE,LENGTHUNITS=KGMETE--------------JOINTFXFYFZMXMYMZELE.NO.6FORLOADCASE160.0000E+004.5323E+020.0000E+00-1.1313E+030.0000E+007.9082E+0280.0000E+005.0615E+020.0000E+00-3.2047E+020.0000E+002.3981E+02120.0000E+00-7.2078E+020.0000E+001.0346E-030.0000E+00-1.3733E-03110.0000E+00-2.3860E+020.0000E+00-4.6697E+020.0000E+00-6.0136E+02Thecornerforcesareintheglobalcoordinatesystem.Thesevaluesmaybeusedtocreateafreebodydiagramoftheelementandverifythattheelementisinequilibrium.Inthiscaseforexample,theFXandFZforcesarezero,andsumoftheFYforcesisalsozero.Thecompletetextoftheoutputfileisshowninthenextfewpages.Tutorial33-105****************************************************

***STAAD.Pro**VersionBld**ProprietaryProgramof**ResearchEngineers,Intl.**Date=**Time=****USERID:*****************************************************1.STAADSPACESLABSUPPORTEDALONG2EDGES2.STARTJOBINFORMATION3.ENGINEERDATE

4.ENDJOBINFORMATION5.INPUTWIDTH796.UNITMETERKN7.JOINTCOORDINATES8.1000;2200;3202;4002;5400;6402;7600;86029.9204;10004;11404;1260410.ELEMENTINCIDENCESSHELL11.11234;22563;35786;443910;536119;668121112.UNITCMKN13.ELEMENTPROPERTY14.1TO6THICKNESS3015.DEFINEMATERIALSTART16.ISOTROPICCONCRETE

17.E2171.8518.POISSON0.1719.DENSITY2.35616E-00520.ALPHA1E-00521.DAMP0.0522.ENDDEFINEMATERIAL23.CONSTANTS24.MATERIALCONCRETEMEMB1TO625.SUPPORTS26.1245710FIXED

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27.LOAD1DEADLOAD28.SELFWEIGHTY-129.LOAD2EXTERNALPRESSURELOAD30.UNITMETERKG31.ELEMENTLOAD32.1TO6PRGY-30033.LOAD3TEMPERATURELOAD34.TEMPERATURELOAD35.1TO6TEMP403036.LOADCOMB101CASE1+CASE237.11.021.038.LOADCOMB102CASE1+CASE339.11.031.040.PERFORMANALYSISPRINTSTATICSCHECKPROBLEMSTATISTICS-----------------------------------NUMBEROFJOINTS/MEMBER+ELEMENTS/SUPPORTS=12/6/6ORIGINAL/FINALBAND-WIDTH=8/5/36DOFTOTALPRIMARYLOADCASES=3,TOTALDEGREESOFFREEDOM=72SIZEOFSTIFFNESSMATRIX=3DOUBLEKILO-WORDSREQRD/AVAIL.DISKSPACE=12.1/3521.0MB,EXMEM=461.2MBSTATICLOAD/REACTION/EQUILIBRIUMSUMMARYFORCASENO.1DEADLOAD***TOTALAPPLIEDLOAD(KGMETE)SUMMARY(LOADING1)

SUMMATIONFORCE-X=0.00SUMMATIONFORCE-Y=-17298.83SUMMATIONFORCE-Z=0.00SUMMATIONOFMOMENTSAROUNDTHEORIGINMX=34597.66MY=0.00MZ=-51896.48Tutorial33-106***TOTALREACTIONLOAD(KGMETE)SUMMARY(LOADING1)SUMMATIONFORCE-X=0.00SUMMATIONFORCE-Y=17298.83SUMMATIONFORCE-Z=0.00SUMMATIONOFMOMENTSAROUNDTHEORIGINMX=-34597.66MY=0.00MZ=51896.48

MAXIMUMDISPLACEMENTS(CM/RADIANS)(LOADING1)MAXIMUMSATNODEX=0.00000E+000Y=-3.20681E-0112Z=0.00000E+000RX=9.80406E-0412RY=0.00000E+000RZ=-6.49355E-049STATICLOAD/REACTION/EQUILIBRIUMSUMMARYFORCASENO.2EXTERNALPRESSURELOAD***TOTALAPPLIEDLOAD(KGMETE)SUMMARY(LOADING2)SUMMATIONFORCE-X=0.00SUMMATIONFORCE-Y=-7200.00

SUMMATIONFORCE-Z=0.00SUMMATIONOFMOMENTSAROUNDTHEORIGINMX=14400.00MY=0.00MZ=-21600.00***TOTALREACTIONLOAD(KGMETE)SUMMARY(LOADING2)SUMMATIONFORCE-X=0.00SUMMATIONFORCE-Y=7200.00SUMMATIONFORCE-Z=0.00SUMMATIONOFMOMENTSAROUNDTHEORIGINMX=-14400.00MY=0.00MZ=21600.00MAXIMUMDISPLACEMENTS(CM/RADIANS)(LOADING2)

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MAXIMUMSATNODEX=0.00000E+000Y=-1.33471E-0112Z=0.00000E+000RX=4.08058E-0412RY=0.00000E+000RZ=-2.70270E-049STATICLOAD/REACTION/EQUILIBRIUMSUMMARYFORCASENO.3TEMPERATURELOAD***TOTALAPPLIEDLOAD(KGMETE)SUMMARY(LOADING3)SUMMATIONFORCE-X=0.00SUMMATIONFORCE-Y=0.00SUMMATIONFORCE-Z=0.00SUMMATIONOFMOMENTSAROUNDTHEORIGINMX=0.00MY=0.00MZ=0.00***TOTALREACTIONLOAD(KGMETE)SUMMARY(LOADING3)SUMMATIONFORCE-X=-0.01SUMMATIONFORCE-Y=0.00SUMMATIONFORCE-Z=0.02SUMMATIONOFMOMENTSAROUNDTHEORIGINMX=0.00MY=-0.10MZ=0.00Tutorial33-107MAXIMUMDISPLACEMENTS(CM/RADIANS)(LOADING3)

MAXIMUMSATNODEX=2.01178E-0112Y=8.97365E-0112Z=1.66240E-0111RX=-3.51264E-0312RY=-2.41785E-0411RZ=2.62398E-0312************ENDOFDATAFROMINTERNALSTORAGE************41.UNITMETERKN42.PRINTELEMENTSTRESSESLIST3ELEMENTSTRESSESFORCE,LENGTHUNITS=KNMETE----------------STRESS=FORCE/UNITWIDTH/THICK,MOMENT=FORCE-LENGTH/UNITWIDTH

ELEMENTLOADSQXSQYMXMYMXYVONTVONBSXSYSXYTRESCATTRESCAB31-18.1372.86-3.96-20.42-3.351308.631308.630.000.000.001404.811404.81TOP:SMAX=-220.33SMIN=-1404.81TMAX=592.24ANGLE=-11.1BOTT:SMAX=1404.81SMIN=220.33TMAX=592.24ANGLE=-11.12-7.5430.33-1.65-8.50-1.39544.67544.670.000.000.00584.70584.70TOP:SMAX=-91.70SMIN=-584.70TMAX=246.50ANGLE=-11.1BOTT:SMAX=584.70SMIN=91.70TMAX=246.50ANGLE=-11.1

396.73-59.42-30.45-14.8318.4310779.685300.82-5044.81-2309.433890.0110912.045585.51TOP:SMAX=269.79SMIN=-10642.25TMAX=5456.02ANGLE=-34.9BOTT:SMAX=624.74SMIN=-4960.77TMAX=2792.75ANGLE=-36.2101-25.67103.18-5.61-28.92-4.741853.301853.300.000.000.001989.511989.51TOP:SMAX=-312.03SMIN=-1989.51TMAX=838.74ANGLE=-11.1BOTT:SMAX=1989.51SMIN=312.03TMAX=838.74ANGLE=-11.1

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10278.6013.44-34.41-35.2415.0810642.955713.09-5044.81-2309.433890.0111074.456408.55TOP:SMAX=-923.15SMIN=-11074.45TMAX=5075.65ANGLE=-37.3BOTT:SMAX=1848.83SMIN=-4559.72TMAX=3204.28ANGLE=-32.1****MAXIMUMSTRESSESAMONGSELECTEDPLATESANDCASES****MAXIMUMMINIMUMMAXIMUMMAXIMUMMAXIMUMPRINCIPALPRINCIPALSHEARVONMISESTRESCASTRESSSTRESSSTRESSSTRESSSTRESS1.989513E+03-1.107445E+045.456020E+031.077968E+041.107445E+04PLATENO.33333CASENO.10110233102********************ENDOFELEMENTFORCES********************43.UNITMETERKGTutorial33-10844.PRINTELEMENTFORCELIST6ELEMENTFORCESFORCE,LENGTHUNITS=KGMETE--------------**NOTE-IFACOMBINATIONINCLUDESADYNAMICCASEORISANSRSSORABSCOMBINATIONTHENRESULTSCANNOTBECOMPUTEDPROPERLY.GLOBALCORNERFORCESJOINTFXFYFZMXMYMZ

ELE.NO.6FORLOADCASE160.0000E+004.5323E+020.0000E+00-1.1313E+030.0000E+007.9082E+0280.0000E+005.0615E+020.0000E+00-3.2047E+020.0000E+002.3981E+02120.0000E+00-7.2078E+020.0000E+001.0346E-030.0000E+00-1.3733E-03110.0000E+00-2.3860E+020.0000E+00-4.6697E+020.0000E+00-6.0136E+02ELE.NO.6FORLOADCASE260.0000E+001.8864E+020.0000E+00-4.7087E+020.0000E+003.2915E+0280.0000E+002.1067E+020.0000E+00-1.3338E+020.0000E+009.9813E+01120.0000E+00-3.0000E+020.0000E+008.9143E-050.0000E+001.6633E-05110.0000E+00-9.9306E+010.0000E+00-1.9436E+020.0000E+00-2.5029E+02ELE.NO.6FORLOADCASE36-2.9880E+056.6190E+02-3.0717E+056.3684E+032.7912E+03-5.5444E+0383.0633E+05-9.9013E+02-3.2773E+054.3052E+03-3.7431E+034.3521E+03

123.2019E+054.6301E-033.2019E+05-6.0036E+034.0162E-036.0036E+0311-3.2773E+053.2822E+023.1471E+05-4.0135E+039.5183E+02-2.8311E+03ELE.NO.6FORLOADCASE10160.0000E+006.4187E+020.0000E+00-1.6022E+030.0000E+001.1200E+0380.0000E+007.1681E+020.0000E+00-4.5385E+020.0000E+003.3963E+02120.0000E+00-1.0208E+030.0000E+003.8188E-040.0000E+00-9.6018E-05110.0000E+00-3.3790E+020.0000E+00-6.6133E+020.0000E+00-8.5165E+02ELE.NO.6FORLOADCASE1026-2.9880E+051.1151E+03-3.0717E+055.2371E+032.7912E+03-4.7536E+0383.0633E+05-4.8398E+02-3.2773E+053.9847E+03-3.7431E+034.5919E+03123.2019E+05-7.2078E+023.2019E+05-6.0036E+034.0162E-036.0036E+0311-3.2773E+058.9625E+013.1471E+05-4.4804E+039.5183E+02-3.4325E+0345.FINISH

***********ENDOFTHESTAAD.ProRUN***************DATE=TIME=*****************************************************************ForquestionsonSTAAD.Pro,pleasecontact**ResearchEngineersOfficesatthefollowinglocations****TelephoneEmail**USA:+1(714)[email protected]**CANADA+1(905)[email protected]**CANADA+1(604)[email protected]*

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*UK+44(1454)[email protected]**FRANCE+33(0)[email protected]**GERMANY+49/931/[email protected]**[email protected]**SINGAPORE+656225-6015/[email protected]**INDIA+91(033)[email protected]**JAPAN+81(03)[email protected]**CHINA+86(411)[email protected]****[email protected]**[email protected]**[email protected]*************************************************************Tutorial33-1093.11Post-ProcessingIftherearenoerrorsintheinput,theanalysisissuccessfullycompleted.TheextensivefacilitiesofthePost-processingmodecanthenbeusedtoa)viewtheresultsgraphicallyandnumericallyb)assessthesuitabilityofthestructurefromthestandpointofsafety,serviceabilityandefficiencyc)createcustomizedreportsandplotsTheprocedureforenteringthepostprocessingmodeisexplained

insection2.11.1ofthismanual.Noderesultssuchasdisplacementsandsupportreactionsareavailableforallmodels.Themethodsexplainedinthefirsttwotutorials–seesections2.11.2to2.11.7–maybeusedtoexplorethese.Ifbeamsarepresentinthemodel,beamresultswillbeavailabletoo(seesections2.11.8to2.11.18forinformationonthese).Forthisexample,wewilllookatthesupportreactions.Wedonothaveanybeamsinourmodel,sonoresultswillbeavailableforthistypeofentity.Forplates,theresultsavailablearestresses,and“unitwidth”moments.Thereareseveraldifferentmethodsforviewingtheseresults,asexplainedinthenextfewsections.Tutorial3

3-1103.11.1ViewingstressvaluesinatabularformFromtheViewmenu,selectTables(orclicktherightmousebuttoninthedrawingareaandselectTables).ChoosePlateCentreStress.Figure3.114Figure3.115Tutorial33-111Thefollowingtablewillbedisplayed.Figure3.116Thetablehasthefollowingtabs:Shear,MembraneandBending:ThesetermsareexplainedinSection1.6.1oftheSTAADTechnicalReferenceManual.The

individualvaluesforeachplateforeachselectedloadcasearedisplayed.Summary:Thistabcontainsthemaximumforeachofthe8valueslistedintheShear,MembraneandBendingtab.PrincipalandVonMises:ThesetermstooareexplainedinSection1.6.1oftheSTAADTechnicalReferenceManual.Theindividualvaluesforeachplateforeachselectedloadcasearedisplayed,forthetopandbottomsurfacesoftheelements.Summary:Thistabcontainsthemaximumforeachofthe8valueslistedinthePrincipalandVonMisestab.

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GlobalMoments:ThistabprovidesthemomentsabouttheglobalX,YandZaxesatthecenterofeachelement.Tutorial33-1123.11.2PrintingthetablesAllofthesetablesmaybeprintedbyclickingtherightmousebuttoninthetableareaandselectingthePrintoption.Figure3.117Tutorial33-1133.11.3ChangingtheunitsofvalueswhichappearintheabovetablesThelengthandforceunitsofthestressesandmomentsaredisplayedalongsidetheindividualcolumnheadingsfortheterms.Toviewthevaluesinadifferentsetofunits,gototheToolsmenuandselectSetCurrentDisplayUnit.Figure3.118Tutorial33-114Inthedialogboxthatcomesup,clickontheForceUnitstabandspecifytherequiredunitfromtheStressandMomentfields.ClickontheApplybuttonforthechangestotakeeffectimmediately.Onceyouaresurethatyouhavechosentheproperunitcombination,clickontheOKbutton.

Figure3.119Tutorial33-1153.11.4LimitingtheloadcasesforwhichtheresultsaredisplayedWhenweenteredthepost-processingmode,wechoseallloadcasesintheResultsSetupdialogbox.Thetableshencecontainresultsforalltheloadcases.Tochangethatloadlist,chooseSelectLoadCasefromtheResultsmenu.Figure3.120Tutorial33-116Inthedialogboxthatcomesup,selecttheloadcasesyouwant,

andclickonthesinglearrow,sotheyaretransferredfromtheAvailablecategorytotheSelectedcategory.Then,clickontheOKbutton.Figure3.121Tutorial33-1173.11.5StressContoursStresscontoursareacolor-basedplotofthevariationofstressormomentacrossthesurfaceoftheslaboraselectedportionofit.Thereare2waystoswitchonstresscontourplots:a)Fromtheleftside,selecttheContoursub-pageunderthePlatepage.Figure3.122

orTutorial33-118b)Fromthetopofthescreen,clickontheResultsmenuandselectthePlateStressContouroption.Figure3.123Tutorial33-119Ineachoftheabovecases,thefollowingdialogboxappears.Figure3.124

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•FromtheStresstypefield,selectthespecifictypeofstressforwhichyouwantthecontourdrawn.•FromtheLoadCaseselectionbox,selecttheloadcasenumber.•Stressvaluesareknownexactlyonlyattheplatecentroidlocations.Everywhereelse,theyarecalculatedbylinearinterpolationbetweenthecenterpointstressvaluesofadjacentplates.TheEnhancedtypecontourchoosesalargernumberofpointscomparedtotheNormaltypecontourindeterminingthestressvariation.•ViewStressIndexwilldisplayasmalltableconsistingofthenumericalrangeofvaluesfromsmallesttolargestwhicharerepresentedintheplot.Tutorial33-120Letussetthefollowing:•Loadcase–102•StressType–VonMisTop•ContourType–NormalFill•IndexbasedonCenterStress•ViewStressIndex•Re-IndexfornewviewFigure3.125ClickontheApplybutton.

Tutorial33-121Thefollowingdiagramwillbedisplayed.WecankeepchangingthesettingsandclickonApplytoseeallthevariouspossibleresultsintheabovefacility.Figure3.126Letuskeepthedialogboxopentoexaminethefeature(Animation)explainedinthenextsection.Tutorial33-122Ifsomeportionofthestructureappearstruncated,wecanbringthatportionintoviewbychoosingoneofthefollowingmethods:a.ClickontheZoomOutbuttontoshrinkthesizeofthe

regiondrawn.BeforeAfterFigure3.127Figure3.128b.UsethePanbuttontophysicallyshiftthepositionofthestructureawayfromtheindex.BeforeAfterFigure3.129Figure3.130Tutorial33-1233.11.6AnimatingstresscontoursThesamedialogboxshownintheprevioussectionmaybeusedtoobtainthestresscontoursinananimatedview.Thisisamethodofgettinga“dynamic”insteadofstaticrepresentationoftheplot.

Aftermakingthechoicesasexplainedinthatsection,clickontheAnimationtabofthatdialogbox.SwitchonStressfollowedbyApply.Figure3.131Tostoptheanimation,clickonNoAnimationandclickApplyagain.Tutorial33-124Tutorial33-125

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3.11.7CreatingAVIFilesAVIfilesareamechanismbywhichadynamicresult,suchas,adeflectiondiagraminanimation,maybecapturedandrecorded.Presently,thisfacilityisavailableinSTAADfornodedeflection,beamsectiondisplacement,modeshapeandplatestresscontourdiagrams.ThefacilityinSTAADforcreatingAVIfilesisundertheToolsmenuandiscalledCreateAVIFile.ThesefilescanthenbeviewedusingtoolssuchastheWindowsMediaExplorer.Figure3.132Tutorial33-126Thefollowingdialogboxwillappear.Figure3.133Inananimatedview,themovementfromoneextremitytotheotheriscapturedasseveralframes.ThenumberofframesthatcomprisesuchamovementiscontrolledbyspecifyingavalueforTotalNo.ofFrames.ThespeedofmotioniscontrolledbytheFrameRate/sec.TherestoftheoptionsintheabovedialogboxareforthetypeofdiagramfromwhichtheAVIfileistobecreated.CertainitemssuchasModeShapeandPlateStresscontourdonotbecomeactive(remaingrayedout)iftherequireddataofthattypearenotpresentintheSTAADfile,suchasamodalextraction,orfiniteelements.

Tutorial33-127Aftermakingtheappropriateselections,clickOK.Followingthis,anotherdialogboxappears,whereweareinstructedtospecifyafilenameforthe.AVIfile.Subsequently,wearepromptedforthetypeofvideocompression.AVIfilescanbequitelarge,andcompressionisatechniquebywhichonemayreducethesizeofthesefiles.Figure3.134Finally,amessageindicatingthattheoperationwassuccessfulwillappearattheendofthefilecreationprocessasshownbelow.Figure3.135Asmentionedearlier,othertoolslikeWindowsMediaExplorer

maybeusedtoviewtheAVIfile.Thefilewiththeextension.AVIshouldbelocatedinthesamefolderwheretheSTAADinputfileispresent.Tutorial33-1283.11.8ViewingplateresultsusingelementqueryElementQueryisafacilitywhereseveralresultsforaspecificelementcanbeviewedatthesametimefromasingledialogbox.Letusexplorethisfacilityforelement4.Selectelement4anddoubleclickonit.Alternatively,selectelement4,andfromtheToolsmenu,chooseQuery–Plate.Figure3.136

Thevarioustabsofthequeryboxenableonetoviewvarioustypesofinformationsuchastheplategeometry,propertyconstants,stresses,etc.,forvariousloadcases,aswellasprintthosevalues.Tutorial33-129Sometypicalscreensareshown.Figure3.137Figure3.138Tutorial33-130

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Figure3.139Figure3.140Tutorial33-131Figure3.141Thelengthandforceunitsinwhichthevaluesappearintheabovetablescanalsobemodifiedusingthemethodexplainedinsection3.11.3.Tutorial33-1323.11.9ProducinganonscreenreportOccasionally,wewillcomeacrossaneedtoobtainresultsconformingtocertainrestrictions,suchas,say,theresultantnodedisplacementsforafewselectednodes,forafewselectedloadcases,sortedintheorderfromlowtohigh,withthevaluesreportedinatabularform.Thefacilitywhichenablesustoobtainsuchcustomizedon-screenresultsistheReportmenuontopofthescreen.Letusproduceareportconsistingoftheplateprincipalstresses,forallplates,sortedintheorderfromLowtoHighofthePrincipalMaximumStress(SMAX)forloadcases101and102.ThefirststeptodothisistoselectalltheplatesusingthePlatesCursor.Then,gototheReport|PlateResults|PrincipalStressesmenuoptionasshownbelow.

Figure3.142Tutorial33-133Inthedialogboxthatappears,selecttheLoadingtab.Makesurethatloadcases101and102areselectedasshownbelow.Figure3.143Tutorial33-134Next,selecttheSortingtab.ChooseSMAXundertheSortbyPlateStresscategoryandsettheSortingOrderListfromLowtoHigh.(Ifwewishtosavethisreportforfutureuse,wemayselecttheReporttab,provideatitleforthereport,andturnontheSaveIDoption.)Then,clickontheOKbutton.

Figure3.144Tutorial33-135ThefollowingfigureshowsthetableofmaximumprincipalstresswithSMAXvaluessortedfromLowtoHigh.Figure3.145Tutorial33-136Toprintthistable,clicktherightmousebuttonanywherewithinthetable.Alistofoptionswillappear.Figure3.146Selecttheprintoptiontogetahardcopyofthereport.TotransferthecontentsofthistabletoaMicrosoftExcelfile,

clickatthetopleftcornerofthetablewiththeleftmousebutton.Theentiretablewillbecomehighlighted.ClicktherightmousebuttonandselectCopy.Then,openanExcelworksheet,clickatthedesiredcellandclickPaste.Tutorial33-1373.11.10ViewingSupportReactionsSincesupportsarelocatedatnodesofthestructure,resultsofthistypeareavailablealongwithothernoderesultslikedisplacements.Toviewthereactionsgraphically,clickontheNodepageonthe

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leftsideofthescreen,andselecttheReactionssub-page.Figure3.147Tutorial33-138Thereactionsatthesupportswillbedisplayedonthedrawingasshownbelow.Figure3.148Thesixvalues–namely,the3forcesalongglobalX,YandZ,andthe3momentsMx,MyandMz,intheglobalaxissystemaredisplayedinaboxforeachsupportnode.ThewordsN1,N2,etc.standforthenodenumbersofthesupports.Tutorial33-139Wemaychooseto“un-display”oneormoreofthe6termsofeachsupportnodeinthefollowingmanner.FromtheResultsmenu,chooseViewValue.Figure3.149Tutorial33-140Inthedialogboxthatcomesup,clickontheReactionstab.LetusswitchoffGlobalXandGlobalZundertheDirectcategory.Then,clickontheAnnotatebuttonfollowedbytheClosebutton.Figure3.150Tutorial3

3-141Thedrawingwillnowcontainonlytheremaining4terms(seefigurebelow).Figure3.151Tochangetheloadcaseforwhichthereactionsaredisplayed,selectthedesiredcasefromtheloadselectionbox.Figure3.152Tutorial33-142Forbetterclarityinviewingtheresultsinthedrawingarea(andforreducingtheclutteronthescreen),avarietyofmethodsareavailable.Forexample,keepthemousepressedontopofZoomInbutton,andwatchthedrawinggetprogressivelybigger.Usethe

Panbuttontophysicallyshiftthedrawingaround.OtheroptionslikeDynamicZoomandZoomWindowbuttonsmayalsobeused.Torestoretheoriginalview,clickontheDisplayWholeStructurebutton.(Someoftheseoptionsareexplainedingreaterdetailinthe‘FrequentlyPerformedTasks’sectionattheendofthismanual.)IconNameZoomInPanDynamicZoomZoomWindowDisplayWholeStructureTutorial3

3-143Thetableontherightsideofthescreencontainsthereactionvaluesforallsupportsforallselectedloadcases.Figure3.153ThistablecanalsobedisplayedfromanymodebyclickingontheViewmenu,choosingTables,andswitchingonSupportReactions.Tutorial33-144Themethodexplainedinsection3.11.3maybeusedtochangetheunitsinwhichthesevaluesaredisplayed.Thesummarytab

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containsthemaximumvalueforeachofthe6degreesoffreedomalongwiththeloadcasenumberresponsibleforit.Figure3.154Thisbringsustotheconclusionofthistutorial.AdditionalhelponusingplatesisavailableinExamples9,10and18intheExamplesManual.Tutorial33-1453-1464-1TutorialProblem4:Interoperability(usingSTAAD.ProandSTAAD.etc)ThistutorialisrelevantonlyforuserswhohavepurchasedtheprogramcalledSTAAD.etc.SincethistutorialiscreatedusingtheDemoCD,theuserwillnothavetheabilitytoaltercertaininputitems.Thischapterprovidesastep-by-steptutorialonusingtheinteroperabilityfeaturesbetweenSTAAD.ProandtheprogramcalledSTAAD.etc.ThestructurecreatedinTutorialProblem1willbeusedasthebasisforthistutorial.Thistutorialcoversthefollowingtopics:•UnderstandingSTAAD.etc•Descriptionofthetutorialproblem•UsingtheInteractiveModeinSTAAD.Pro

•DesigningafootingbasedonresultsfromSTAAD.Pro•DesigningabaseplatebasedonresultsfromSTAAD.Pro•SavingtheInteractiveDesigninformationasaSTAAD.etcfileSection44-2Tutorial44.1UnderstandingSTAAD.etcSTAAD.etcisthe“engineer’sstructuraltoolkit”containingvariouscomponentanalysisanddesignmodulegroupsincludingfoundations,masonry,timber,steel,concreteandgeneralanalysis.Asastandaloneproduct,STAAD.etccanbeusedtodesignsmallportalframes,continuousbeams,footings,retainingwallsone-wayslabs,connections,shearwallsandmuchmore.STAAD.etcallowstheengineertocompletethedesigncycleontheprimarystructure

byanalyzinganddesigningseveralstructuralcomponentsoraccessorieswithintheSTAAD.ProenvironmentusingSTAAD.Pro’sresultsdatabase.Tutorial44-34.2DescriptionofthetutorialproblemUsingthestructurecreatedinTutorialProblem1astheprimarymodel,STAAD.etcwillbeutilizedtoanalyzeanddesignafootingandabaseplateinsidetheSTAAD.Proenvironmentforthemodel.Tutorial44-44.3UsingtheInteractiveModeinSTAAD.ProStarttheSTAAD.Pro2006ProgramfromyourSTAAD.Proprogramfolder,asexplainedinSection1.2.FromFile|Open,

openthefile“Tut_01_portal.std”fromthe../SPRO2006/STAAD/Examp/USdirectoryasshownbelow(pleasenotethatthe..representsthedriveorrootdirectorytheprogramwasinstalledin)orfromwhereverthefilewassaved:Figure4.1Thepictureinthepreviewpaneismadepossiblebyafilewiththeextension.emf.Whenamodeliscreatedusingthegraphicalmethod,orwhenamodelissavedfromthegraphicalmode,the.emffileiscreatedalongsidethe.stdfile.IfyoufollowtheprocedureexplainedinSection1.5ofthismanualforcreating

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tutorial1,theTut-01-portal.emffilewillbeproduced,andifyoure-opentheTut-01-portal.stdsubsequently,youwillseethepictureinthepreviewpane.Tutorial44-5Ifyouhavenotperformedtheanalysisanddesignfor“Tut_01_portal.std”,pleaseexecutethefollowingsteps:1.AfteropeningthefileinSTAAD.Pro,gotoAnalyze|RunAnalysisfromthetopmenubarasshownbelow.Figure4.22.Adialogboxprovidingachoiceofenginestorunthefilewithwillthenpopup.SelecttheSTAADAnalysisengineasthedefaultengineandclickontheRunAnalysisbutton.Figure4.33.Iftheanalysisissuccessfullycompleted,adialogboxshowingthedifferentstepsSTAADtooktoanalyzethestructurewillcomeup.ClickDonetoproceedtothenextstep.Ifamessagereportingerrorsintheinputfilewerefound,pleaserefertoTutorial1torectifythoseproblems.Tutorial44-6Figure4.4StartingtheInteractiveModeinSTAAD.ProAfter“tut_01_portal.std”hasbeensuccessfullyanalyzedand

designed,clickonMode|InteractiveDesigns|ComponentDesignfromthetopmenubarasshowninthenextfigure.Ifthismenuitemis“grayed-out”,theSTAAD.etcprogramhasnotbeeninstalledproperlyorismissing.PleaseinstallorreinstalltheSTAAD.etcprogramfromtheSTAAD.suiteCD.Tutorial44-7Figure4.5TheSTAAD.etcinterfacetoSTAAD.Proisshowninthebottomright-handcornerofthescreen.AtthetimeofreleaseofSTAAD.Pro2003Build1001,thereareonlythreeSTAAD.etcmodulesinterfacedwithSTAAD.Pro2003.Thesemodulesarethefooting,slabandbaseplateanalysis/designasshownbelow.

Figure4.6Tutorial44-8UsingtheDragandDropFacilitiesTorunanyoftheSTAAD.etcmodules,holdtheleft-mousebuttondownoveraparticularmoduleanddragittoaspecificjointornodeinthemainstructurewindow.Figure4.7Tutorial44-94.4DesigningaFootingbasedonresultsfromSTAAD.ProInthissectionofthetutorial,afootingwillbedesignedfornode

#1.Thedetailsoftheinputofthefootingwillnotbediscussedhere.ForfurtherinformationabouttheinputfortheSTAAD.etcfootingmodule,pleaserefertotheSTAAD.etcHTMLHelpaccompaniedwiththeSTAAD.etcprogram.ToidentifyNode#1,clickonSelect|ByList|Nodes…fromthemainmenubar.Selectnumber1inthelistbox.Figure4.8Figure4.9Tutorial44-10Node#1isnowmarkedbyareddotinthemainstructurewindow

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asshownbelow.Figure4.10OnceNode#1isidentified,dragthefootingiconfromtheInteractiveDesigndialogboxanddropitover#1.Theinputforthefootingpopsup.ProvidethenameofthefootingintheJobNameeditbox.Tutorial44-11Figure4.11IftheColumnDepthandWidtharenotprovidedundertheColumnDatabox,obtainthosedata(eitherfromthememberqueryorfromthepropertytable)andprovidethem.STAAD.etcdefinestheColumnDepthasthedimensionofthesupportedcolumnalongthelocalYaxisofthecolumn.TheColumnWidthisdefinedasthedimensionofthesupportedcolumnalongthelocalZaxisofthecolumn.Tutorial44-12LeavetheConcretePedestaloptionunchecked.SwitchtotheLoadingtabandselecttheDeadLoadasLoadCase1(theSelfweightloadcase)andtheLiveLoadandWindLoadasNone.ChecktheReversalofWindoptionoffasshownbelow.Figure4.12Keepalltheotherdataasthedefaults.ClickonOKtobegin

designingthefootingforNode#1.Ifthedesigncompletessuccessfully,theresultsforthefootingwillbedisplayedinaseparatewindow.Eachinteractivedesignmoduleproducesaseparateresultswindowcontainingthreetabsatthebottom.ThesetabsareResults,CalculationsandOutputDrawing.Tutorial44-13Thedifferentfacetsoftheresultsoutputareasfollows:TabDescriptionSampleResultsDisplaysallresults(analysisanddesign)intabulatedform

CalculationsDisplaysthestep-by-stepintermediatecalculationsexplainingthederivationofallresults.OutputDrawingDetailedoutputdrawingschematicFigure4.13Tutorial44-14EditingandViewingInteractiveDesigns

AllinteractivedesignresultsforaparticularSTAADfilearelistedintheInteractiveDesigndialogboxwhichcanbebroughtupbyclickingonMode|InteractiveDesignfromthetopmenubar.Toviewanyinteractivedesignresult,selectthedesignjobandclickonViewResults.Toeditanyjob,selectthejobandclickonEditJobtobringuptheinputdialogboxwiththeexistingdata.Figure4.14STAAD.Proalsohastheabilitytodesigngroupfootings.ThistutorialdoesnotcoverthebasicsofrunningagroupfootinginsideofSTAAD.Pro.

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Tutorial44-154.5DesigningabaseplatebasedonresultsfromSTAAD.ProThebaseplateandothermodulesintheInteractiveDesignmodeofSTAAD.Proaresimilartothefootingmoduleexplainedpreviously.Abriefdescriptionofthebaseplateinputwillbeexplainedhere.Foradetaileddescriptionofthebaseplatemodule,pleaserefertotheSTAAD.etcHTMLHelp.FollowingthestepsinthefootingmoduletutorialinSection4.4,theinputforabaseplatecanbesuppliedafterthebaseplateiconisdraggedanddroppedoveraparticularsupportjoint.Abaseplatecanbedesignedonlyforamemberwithasupport.Figure4.15Tochecktheadequacyofanexistingbaseplateforaspecficloadcase,providethePlateLength,PlateWidthandThicknessofthatplate.However,tohavetheprogramdesignabaseplate,setthePlateLength,PlateWidthandThicknesstozero(0).Tutorial44-164.6SavingtheinteractivedesignasaSTAAD.etcfileAllinteractivedesignjobsaresavedwiththeSTAAD.Pro“.std”inputfileasaseparatefilewiththeextension“.etc”.Forexample,

inthistutorial,theSTAADfileisnamedtut_01_portal.std.Thus,thenameoftheinteractivedesignfilewillbetut_01_portal.etcandwillbesavedinthesamedirectoryasthe“tut_01_portal.std”file.STAAD.ProiscapableofinherentlyreadingSTAAD.etcfileswithouttheneedforimportingorexportingthefile.Similarly,any“.etc”filegeneratedbySTAAD.ProcanbereadinSTAAD.etc.ThisisparticularlyusefulwhentheengineerwantstodesignotherstructuralcomponentsontopoftheonesalreadyproducedinSTAAD.Pro.4-174-18FrequentlyPerformedTasks

FPT-11.Selectingnodes,beams,plates,etc.TheSelectionToolbarFrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-2IconCorrespondingMenu/Sub-menuoptionsPurposeDescriptionNodesCursorSelect|NodesCursorUsedtoselect

nodesgraphicallyFirst,selecttheNodesCursor.Then,clickonthenodesyouwishtoselect.Toselectmultiplenodes,holddowntheControlkeywhileselecting,orcreatearubber-band

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stylewindowaroundthedesirednodes.BeamsCursorSelect|BeamsCursorUsedtoselectbeamsgraphicallyFirst,selecttheBeamsCursor.Then,clickonthemembersyouwishtoselect.Toselectmultiplemembers,holddowntheControlkeywhileselecting,orcreatearubber-bandstylewindowaroundthedesiredbeams.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-3IconCorrespondingMenu/Sub-menuoptionsPurposeDescriptionPlatesCursor

Select|PlatesCursorUsedtoselectplatesgraphicallyFirst,selectthePlatesCursor.Then,clickontheplatesyouwishtoselect.Toselectmultipleplates,holddowntheControlkeywhileselecting,orcreatearubber-bandstylewindowaround

thedesiredplates.SurfaceCursorSelect|SurfaceCursorUsedtoselectsurfacegraphicallyFirst,selecttheSurfaceCursor.Then,clickonthesurfaceyouwishtoselect.Toselectmultiplesurfaces,holddown

theControlkeywhileselecting,orcreatearubber-bandstylewindowaroundthedesiredsurfaces.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-4IconCorrespondingMenu/Sub-menuoptionsPurposeDescription

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SolidsCursorSelect|SolidsCursorUsedtoselectsolidsgraphicallyFirst,selecttheSolidsCursor.Then,clickonthesolidsyouwishtoselect.Toselectmultiplesolids,holddowntheControlkeywhileselecting,orcreatearubber-bandstylewindowaroundthedesiredsolids.GeometryCursorSelect|GeometryCursorUsedtoselectanygeometrygraphically.Itisamechanismforselectingnodes,

beams,platesandsolids,or,anycombinationofthese,simultaneously.First,selecttheGeometryCursor.Then,clickontheentityyouwishtoselect.Toselectmultipleentities,holddowntheControlkeywhileselecting,or

createarubber-bandstylewindowaroundthedesiredentities.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-5IconCorrespondingMenu/Sub-menuoptionsPurposeDescriptionLoadEditCursorSelect|LoadEditCursorUsedtographicallyselecta

componentofanexistingloadcaseformodification.First,selecttheLoadEditCursor.Then,double-clickonthediagramoftheloadcomponentyouwishtoedit.

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SupportEditCursorSelect|SupportEditCursorUsedtographicallyselectasupportwhoseparametersonemaywishtomodify.FirstselecttheSupportEditCursor.Then,double-clickonthesupporticonatthenodewhereyouwishtomodifythedetailsoftheexistingsupport.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-6IconCorrespondingMenu/Sub-menuoptionsPurposeDescriptionReleaseEditCursor

Select|ReleaseEditCursorUsedtographicallyselectandmodifyanexistingmemberreleasespecificationFirst,selecttheReleaseEditCursor.Then,double-clickonthememberonwhichacurrentlydefined

STARTorENDreleaseconditionhastobemodified.SelectTextSelect|TextCursorUsedtoenterthemodeforeditingprecreatedtextlabelsToeditanypre-createdtext,first,selecttheTextLabelCursor.

Then,double-clickonthetextthatyouwishtomodify.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-7IconCorrespondingMenu/Sub-menuoptionsPurposeDescriptionFilteredSelectionEnablestheuser

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toselectmultipletypesofgeometricentities(nodes,beams,surfaces,etc.)withspecificattributesinonepass.PleaserefertoSTAAD.Pro20042ndEditionReleaseReport.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-82.ViewingthestructurefromdifferentanglesTheRotationToolbarFrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-9IconDescriptionExampleViewFrom+ZDisplaysthestructureasseenfromthefront.WhentheglobalYaxisisvertical,thisis

theelevationview,aslookingtowardsthenegativedirectionoftheZ-axis.ViewFrom-ZDisplaysthestructureasseenfromtheback.WhentheglobalYaxisisvertical,thisistheelevationview,asseenlookingtowardsthepositivedirectionoftheZ-axis.ViewFrom+X

Displaysthestructureasseenfromtherightside.WhentheglobalYaxisisvertical,thisisthesideelevation,asseenlookingtowardsthenegativedirectionoftheX-axis.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-10IconDescriptionExampleViewFrom-XDisplaysthestructureasseenfromtheleftside.Whenthe

globalYaxisisvertical,thisisthesideelevation,asseenlookingtowardsthepositivedirectionoftheX-axis.ViewFrom+YDisplaysthestructureasseenfromthetoplookingdown.WhentheglobalYaxisisvertical,thisistheplanview,

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asseenfromtheskylookingdown.ViewFrom-YDisplaysthestructureasifoneislookingupskywards.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-11IconDescriptionExampleIsometricViewDisplaysthestructureintheisometricview.TheanglewhichdefinesisometricviewisgenerallyX=30,Y=30,Z=0FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-123.Switchingonlabelsfornodes,beams,plates,etc.Labelsareawayofidentifyingtheentitieswehavedrawnonthescreen.Todemonstratethisfacility,letusopenEXAMP01.std.Thestructurewilllookasshownbelow.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-131.Toswitchthenodeandbeamlabelson,wemayutilizeanyoneofthefollowingmethods:a.ClickontheSymbolsandLabelsiconasshownbelow.

b.Clicktherightmousebuttonanywhereinthedrawingarea.Inthedialogboxthatappears,chooseLabels(asshowninthefigurebelow).FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-14c.SelecttheViewmenufollowedbytheStructureDiagramsoptionfromthetopmenubar,andtheLabelstabofthedialogboxthatcomesup.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-152.Inalloftheabovethreecases,thefollowingDiagramsdialogboxwillappear.MakesurethattheLabelstabisselected.Then,switchtheappropriatelabelsonandclickonOK.FrequentlyPerformedTasks

FPT-16Thefollowingfigureshowsthestructurewiththenodeandbeamlabelsdisplayedonit.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-173.Tochangethefontofthenode/beamlabels,gototheViewmenuandselecttheOptionscommand.Then,selecttheappropriatetab(NodeLabels/Beamlabels)fromtheOptionsdialogbox.ChoosetheFontoptionandmakethenecessarychanges.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-184.DisplayingaportionofthemodelbyisolatingitfromtherestofthestructureSometimes,thelargenumberofentitiesthataredrawnonthe

screenmaymakeitdifficulttoclearlyseethedetailsatanyparticularregionofthestructure.Insuchcases,oneisconfrontedwiththetaskofde-clutteringthescreenorlookingatspecificregionsorentitieswhileremovingtherestofthestructurefromtheview.TherearedifferentmethodsinSTAAD.Probywhichtheusercanviewaportionofthestructure.Thefollowingpagesdemonstratethreedifferentmethods.Method1–View|NewViewSteps:

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1.Todemonstratethismethod,letusopenEXAMP08.STDfile.Thestructurewilllookasshownbelow.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-192.Letussaythatwewishtoviewonlythememberswhichareatthemidheightlevel.Thefirststeptodoingthisistoselectthosemembers.ThequickestwaytoselectthemistobringuptheViewFrom+Zandcreatingarubber-bandaroundthem,aftermakingsurethattheBeamsCursoristheactivecursor.3.Tovisuallyverifythatthecorrectmembershavebeenselected,clickontheIsometricViewicon.Theselectedmemberswillappearinonecolorandtherestofthestructureinanother.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-204.Next,eitherclicktherightmousebuttonandselecttheNewViewoptionor,pulldowntheViewmenuandselecttheNewViewoption.5.Ineithercase,thefollowingdialogboxcomesup.Theseradiobuttonsdeterminewhethertheselectedviewwouldbeopenedinanew(‘child’)windoworwhetheritwouldreplacethecurrent(‘parent’)viewwindow.LetusselecttheCreateanewwindowfortheviewoptionandclickontheOKbutton.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-21Theportionofthestructurethatweselectedwillnowbedisplayedinanewwindowasshownbelow.Wecancreatemorethanone

‘child’viewwindowthisway.Allsortsofoperationscanbeperformedinsidethe‘NewView’suchasaddinganddeletingmembers,assigningproperties,loads,supports,etc.Anewviewofaselectedportionofferstheadvantageofde-clutteringthescreenandlimitingthedisplayedobjectstojustafewchosenentities.6.Toreturntothe‘parent’viewwindow,simplyclosethenewview(‘child’)window.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-227.Next,letustrytheDisplaytheviewintheactivewindowoption.Followsteps2to4.Then,selecttheDisplaytheviewintheactivewindowoptionandclickontheOKbutton.

Theoriginalstructurewillbehiddenand,theportionofthestructurethatweselectedwillinsteadbedisplayedinthecurrent(‘parent’)windowasshownbelow.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-23WemayrestoretheoriginalviewofthestructurebysimplyclickingontheDisplayWholeStructureicon.ThesenewviewsmaybesavedbygoingtotheView|ViewManagement|SaveViewmenuoption.Provideatitleforthenewview.ThesesavedviewsmaylaterbeopenedbygoingtotheView|OpenViewmenuoption.Method2–Tools|CutSectionSteps:1.Todemonstratethismethod,letusonceagainopen

EXAMP08.STDfile.Thestructurewilllookasshownbelow.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-24Wewillonceagaintrytoviewjustthemembersatthemid-heightlevel.2.ClickontheSymbolsandLabelsiconandintheDiagramsdialogboxthatcomesup,switchtheNodeNumberson.Thereasonfordoingthiswillbecomeevidentinthenextstep.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-253.FromtheToolsmenu,selectCutSection.

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FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-26Thefollowingdialogboxcomesup.TheRangeByJointmethodSincethebeamsofthemid-heightlevelhappentocontainjoint#10(oranyofthejointnumbersfrom7to12),itwouldbeconvenientifwecouldinstructtheprogramtodisplaytheentitieslyingintheX-Zplane,andpassingthroughanyoneofthosejoints7to12.ThefacilitiesoftheRangeByJointtabenableustodothat.4.Letusselectthattab(ithappenstobethedefault).Here,wecanselecttheplaneofthesectionbyclickingononeoftheoptions–X-Y,Y-Z,orX-Z.WehavetochoosetheX-Zplaneforourexample.Then,intheNode#dropdownlist,provideajointthatliesonthesectionalplane.Inourexample,wemaychooseanyoneofthenodesbetween7and12.Letuschoosenode#10.ClickontheOKbutton.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-27Thefollowingfigureshowsthecutportionoftheoriginalstructuredisplayedinthedrawingarea.5.Torestoretheoriginalview,simplyclickontheDisplayWholeStructureicon.Alternatively,gotothedialogboxshowninstep4andclickontheShowAllbutton.

FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-28TheRangeByMin/MaxmethodSteps:Anotherconvenientwayofchoosingthebeamsatthemid-heightlevelistospecifythatthosebeamslieintheX-ZplanebetweentheYrangevaluesof12ft-aand12ft+a,where,“a”isanarbitraryvaluesuchassay,2ft.6.Todothis,letusselecttheRangeByMin/Maxtab.Here,wecanagainselecttheplaneofthesectionbyclickingononeoftheoptions–X-Y,Y-Z,orX-Z.WehavetochoosetheX-Zplaneforourexample.TheMinimumandMaximumeditboxesrepresenttheboundarydistancesalongtheaxisperpendiculartothesectional

plane.Everyobjectlyingbetweenthesetwodistanceswillbedisplayed.Inourexample,letusprovide10astheMinimumand14astheMaximumdistance.(Beforedoingso,makesurethatthecurrentinputunitsoflength,displayedatthebottomrightcorneroftheSTAADprogramwindow,arefeet.)Then,clickontheOKbutton.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-29Thefollowingfigureshowsthecutportionoftheoriginalstructuredisplayedinthedrawingarea.7.Torestoretheoriginalview,again,clickontheDisplayWholeStructureiconorclickontheShowAllbuttoninthedialogboxshowninstep6.FrequentlyPerformedTasks

FPT-30TheSelecttoViewmethodFordemonstratingthismethod,insteadofviewingspecificbeams,letuslookatthenodesinstead.Steps:Usingthisoption,theportionofthestructurewewishtoviewcanbeselectedbyspecifyingtheobjectswhichlieinthatportion.TheWindow/RubberBandoptionallowsustoselecttheportionofthestructuretoviewbyspecifyingarubber-bandwindowaroundit.TheViewHighlightedOnlyoptiondisplaysonlytheselected

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(highlighted)objectsonscreenand,themembersandelementswewishtoviewmustbeselectedbeforechoosingthisoption.TheSelectToViewoptionallowsustoviewonlyBeams,Plates,and/orSolids,dependingonthecorrespondingcheckboxesthatareactivated.8.Forourexample,letuschoosetheSelectToViewoptionandchecktheNodescheckbox.Then,clickontheOKbuttonasshownbelow.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-31Thefollowingfigureshowstheviewofthestructurewithonlythenodesdisplayed.9.Torestoretheoriginalview,clickontheDisplayWholeStructureiconorclickontheShowAllbuttoninthedialogboxshowninstep8.ThesenewviewsmaybesavedbygoingtotheView|ViewManagement|SaveViewmenuoption.Provideatitleforthenewview.ThesesavedviewsmaylaterbeopenedbygoingtotheView|OpenViewmenuoption.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-32Method3–View|ZoomTheZoommenuoptionallowsustozoomin(magnify)orout(reduce)onaportionofthestructure,asonewould,usingatelescope.

Steps:1.Todemonstratethismethod,letusopenEXAMP09.STDfile.Thestructurewilllookasshownbelow.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-332.Say,wewanttomagnifytheportionofthestructureshowninthefigurebelow.3.Toselecttheplatesasshownintheabovefigure,clickontheViewFrom+Zicon.Then,usingthePlatesCursor,selecttheplatesbyrubber-bandingaroundthemasshownbelow.Bytheway,lookingatthemodelfromViewFrom+Y,or,ViewFrom-X,andusingtherubber-bandwindowmethodscanbejustaseffectiveinselectingtheseelements.FrequentlyPerformedTasks

FPT-344.Torestoretheoriginalisometricview,clickontheIsometricViewicon.Wedothisonlytomakesurethatwehaveselectedthecorrectentities.5.Tomagnifytheselectedportionofthestructure,eitherclickontheZoomWindowiconor,pulldowntheViewmenuandselecttheZoom|ZoomWindowmenuoptionasshownbelow.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-35Thecursorchangesasshownbelow.6.Usingthecursor,dragawindowaroundtheselectedportionofthestructure.Themagnifiedviewoftheselectedportionofthestructurewillnowbedisplayedinthedrawingareaasshownbelow.

FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-36IfweclickontheZoomInicon,itmagnifiesorenlargestheviewofthestructureevenfurtherbyapre-definedfactor.YoucankeepthemousecursorpressedovertheZoomInorZoomOuticons,andthescreenwillcontinuouslyrefreshtodrawthestructurelargerorsmaller.Todisplaytheenlargedviewinanewwindow,usetheDynamicZoomiconinsteadoftheZoomWindowoption.Theregionyouwishtoseewillhavetobeselectedbycreatinga

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rubber-bandwindowaroundit.Thatregionwillnowbedisplayedinanewwindowinthedrawingareaasshowninthenextfigure.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-377.Torestoretheviewofthefullstructure,clickontheDisplayWholeStructureicon.ThesenewviewsmaybesavedbygoingtotheView|ViewManagement|SaveViewmenuoption.Provideatitleforthenewview.ThesesavedviewsmaylaterbeopenedbygoingtotheView|OpenViewmenuoption.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-385.CreatingGroupsGroupnamesareameansforeasilyidentifyingacollectionofentitieslikeBeams,PlatesorSolidsusingasinglemoniker.Bygroupingtheseentities,weneedtoassignattributessuchasmemberpropertiesandmaterialconstantsjusttothegroup,asimpleprocess,comparedtothetaskofassigningthemtotheindividualmembers.Steps:1.Todemonstratethis,letusopenEXAMP01.STDfile.Thestructurewilllookasshownbelow.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-39Letusclassifythemembersofthetopmostlevelofthisstructureintothreegroups–TopChords,BottomChordsandTransverse

Truss.TopChords:2.MakesurethattheBeamsCursorhasbeenselected.Then,usingthemouse,selecttheinclinedmembersasshowninthefigurebelow.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-403.FromtheToolsmenu,chooseCreateNewGroup.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-414.IntheGiveGroupNamedialogbox,type_TOPCORforGroupname(GroupNamesmustbeginwiththeunderscore‘_’character).SincegroupnamescanbeassignedtoNodes,Beams,Plates,SolidsaswellasageneralcategorycalledGeometry,itisvery

importantthatwechoosetheproperentitytype.Hence,specifytheSelectTypeasBeam.5.ClickontheOKbutton.NoticethattheAssignMethodsintheCreateGroupdialogboxispresentlysettoAssociatetoSelectedGeometry.ClickontheAssociatebutton.Clickanywhereinthedrawingareatoun-highlightthehighlightedmembers.Thisisnecessarybeforewestartselectingthemembersforthenextgroupname.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-42BottomChords:6.Usingthemouse,selectthebottomchordsasshowninthefigurebelow.

FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-437.Next,tobringuptheGiveGroupNamedialogbox,clickontheCreatebutton.Then,followsteps4and5andassigntheGroupName_BOTCORtothesemembers.Clickanywhereinthedrawingareatoun-highlightthehighlightedmembers.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-44TransverseTruss:8.Usingthemouse,selecttheTransverseTrussmembersasshownin

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thefigurebelow.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-459.Next,followstep7exceptforspecifyingtheGroupNameas _TRNTRUS.Clickanywhereinthedrawingareatoun-highlightthehighlightedmembers.Also,ClosetheCreateGroupdialogbox.Threegroupshavenowbeencreated.IfwenowgototheSelectmenu,anoptioncalledByGroupNameshouldbeavailable.Letusclickonthatoption,andthefollowingdialogboxcomesup.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-46Itisapparentthatwecannowselectthemembersusingthegroupnamemethod.IfthecheckboxesforShowLabelareswitchedoff,labelssuchasbeamnumberswillnotbedisplayedforthesespecificmembers,evenifthebeamnumberingiconisswitchedonfortheentirestructure.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-476.DisplayingLoadsonthescreenSteps:1.Todemonstratethisfeature,letusopenEXAMP08.STDfile.Thestructurewilllookasshownbelow.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-482.TheeasiestwaytodisplayaloadistoclickontheLoadsiconas

shownbelow.Tochooseaspecificload,wecanclickinthelistboxcalledActiveLoadandchoosetheonewewant.Alternatively,wemaypulltheViewmenudownandselecttheStructureDiagramsmenuoption.IntheDiagramsdialogboxthatopens,selecttheLoadsandResultstab.ChecktheLoadscheckboxandselecttheloadcasewewantfromtheLoadCaselistbox.Then,clickontheApplybutton.Dragthedialogboxoutofthewayifitobstructstheviewofthestructure.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-49Thefollowingfigureshowsloadcase1displayedonourstructure.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-50

3.Wecanchangethecolorinwhichloadiconsaredrawn.ClickonthecolorbuttonalongsidetheLoadscheckbox,andmakeanewchoicefromthecolorpalette(seefigurebelow).Letusassignsay,bluecolor,asshownintheabovefigure.Selectloadcase2fromtheLoadCaselistbox.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-51Thefollowingfigureshowsloadcase2displayed(inblue)onourstructure.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-527.DisplayingLoadValuesonthescreenSteps:1.Inthepreviousexercise,wesawthemethodforturningonload

icons,butnotthenumericvalueofthoseloads.Toviewloadvalues,letusopenEXAMP01.STDfile.Thestructurewilllookasshownbelow.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-532.LetusfirstdisplaytheloadbyclickingontheLoadsicon.Afterthis,clicktherightmousebuttonandchoosetheLabelsoption.Alternatively,wemayclickontheSymbolsandLabelsiconorgotoView|StructureDiagramsandselecttheLabelstabintheDiagramsdialogbox.FrequentlyPerformedTasks

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FPT-543.Thedialogboxshownbelowappears.SwitchontheLoadValuesoptionundertheLoadingDisplayOptionscategoryasshownbelow.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-55Thefollowingfigureshowsourstructurewiththeloadvaluesdisplayedonit.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-564.Tochangetheunitinwhichloadvaluesaredisplayed,gotoTools|SetCurrentDisplayUnitmenucommand.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-57IntheOptionsdialogboxthatcomesup,selecttheForceUnitstab.Then,changetheselectionundertheForce,DistributedForce,etc.optionsasshownbelow.ThefollowingfigureshowsourstructurewiththeloadvaluesdisplayedinKN/m.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-588.StructuralToolTipOptionsStructuraltooltipsofferafacilityfordisplayinganycustomizedinputoroutputinformationaboutanode,beam,plateorsolidelementwhenthemousecursorisplacedoverthestructuralentity.Thetooltipsaresimilartotheonesdisplayedwhenthemouse

cursorhoversoveratoolbaricon.Whenthemousecursorismovedawayfromthatspot,theinformationdisplayedisswitchedofftoo.Toactivatethestructuraltooltips,gotoView|StructuralToolTipOptionsfromthetopmenu.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-59Thedialogboxshowninthefigurebelowwillpromptforthedatatobedisplayedwhenthemousehoversaparticularstructuralentity.Toturnthestructuraltooltipsonoroff,checktheShowToolTipboxintheupperlefthandcorner.TheTipDelayboxsignifiestheamountoftimeittakesfromwhenthemousecursorfirstappearsoveranentitytowhenthetooltipactuallypopsup.Thisnumberis

expressedinmilliseconds(i.e.1000=1second).Theoptions(itemsthatcanbedisplayed)foreachentityareshownundertheOptionsbox.Acheckmarksignifiesthattheparticulardataitemwillbedisplayedinthetooltip.Anoptionwitha“+”nexttoitsignifiesthatfurtheroptionscanbeenabledordisabled.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-60ThefigurebelowshowstheoptionsthatcanbeturnedonoroffforNodeDisplacements.Ared“X”indicatesthedatawillnotbeshowninthetooltip.Simplyclickonthecheckboxtoturnanoptiononoroff.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-61Theresultingtooltipthatisdisplayedfromtheoptionschosenin

thepreviousfigureisshowninthefigurebelow.Thetooltipsautomaticallydisplaytheresultsfortheactiveloadcase.Allvaluesarereportedinthecurrentdisplayunits.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-629.IdentifyingBeamStartandEndWhenassigningattributeslikememberreleasesormemberoffsets,oneadditionalitemofinformationwhichaccompaniesthisinformationiswhetherthatattributeisappliedatthe“START”nodeofamemberorthe“END”node.Hence,therehastobea

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waytoquicklyidentifythesetwopointswithoutmistakingonefortheother.Steps:1.Todemonstratethis,letusopenEXAMP01.STDfile.Thestructurewilllookasshownbelow.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-632.Therearetwodifferentwaystoidentifythestartand/orendofabeam:a)simplyplacethemouseoveraspecificbeam.Theresultingtooltipwilldisplaythestartnodeandendnodeofthatbeamintwodistinctcolorsalongwiththeircorrespondingcoordinates.Ofcourse,itisnecessarytohavethetooltipsdisplayturnedonforthismethodtowork.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-64b)ClicktherightmousebuttonanywhereinthedrawingareaandchooseLabels.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-65ThefollowingDiagramsdialogboxwillappear.MakesurethattheLabelstabisselected.Then,switchtheBeamEndsoptionon.Toalterthecolorinwhichthestartand/orendisdisplayed,simplyclickonthecolorpalettenexttotheStartColorand/orEndColoroptionsandchoosethecoloryou

want.Then,clickonApplyforthechangestotakeeffectimmediately.ClickonOKtoclosethedialogbox.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-66Thefollowingfigureshowsthestructurewiththestartandendofallbeamsdisplayedintwoseparatecolors.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-6710.PlottingfromSTAAD.ProExplainedbeloware5methodsforplottingthedrawingoftheSTAADmodelandSTAADresultdiagrams.Method1:UsingthePrintCurrentViewoption1.Weshalluseexampleproblem14toillustratethisfeature.Opentheexample.Themodelshouldappearasshownbelow.

FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-682.Toplotthispicture,clickonthePrintCurrentViewiconasshowninthefollowingfigure.3.ThestandardWindowsPrintdialogboxwillappearaskingyoutochoosetheprintertowhichyouwishtoplotthedrawing.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-694.Ifyouwishtocatchaglimpseoftheplot,asitwouldappearonpaper,selectthePrintPreviewCurrentViewoption.Apreviewscreensimilartotheoneshownbelowwillbedisplayed.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-70

Method2:UsingtheTakePictureoption1.BringupthediagramoftheSTAADmodelyouwishtoprint.OnthePrinttoolbaroftheSTAADscreen,youwillfindaniconofacameracalledTakePicture.Alternatively,thisoptioncanbeaccessedfromEdit|TakePicture.2.AdialogboxwillappearpromptingyoutoprovideaPictureIDandcaption.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-713.Next,selectReportSetupfromtheFilemenu,orclickontheReportSetupiconasshownbelow.

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4.AReportSetupdialogboxwillappear.IntheItemstab,selectPicturesfromtheavailablelistofitems.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-725.Ifmorethanonepictureisavailable,selecttheoneyouwishtoplotbypressingthebutton.Next,gotothePictureAlbumtabandswitchonFullPage.ClickOK.6.FromtheFilemenu,selectPrint–Report.Thediagramwillbeplotted.Alternatively,fromtheFilemenu,selectExportReport|MSWordFile.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-737.IntheSaveAsdialogbox,typeinthenameofthe“.doc”fileyouwantandclickontheSavebutton.Inthetemplatedialogbox,selecttheNormaltemplate.MicrosoftWordwillnowstartbuildingthefilewiththepictureinit.Oncethistaskiscompleted,Wordwillopenthisfile,andprogramcanbeaccessedfromtheWindowsTaskbar.Browsethefile,andifyouaresuretheimagemeetsyourneeds,selectPrintfromtheFilemenuandfollowtheinstructions.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-74Method3:UsingtheExportViewoption1.STAAD.Prohasafacilitytoexportthedrawingtoagraphicimage

file.TheiconforthisfacilityiscalledExportViewandisavailableinthePrinttoolbar.2.Whenthediagramthatyouwishtoplotisdisplayedonthescreen,clickontheExportViewicon.Selectthegraphicformatinwhichyouwishtosavethefile(i.e.,.bmp,.jpg,.tif,.gif,etc.)Provideafilenameandsavethefile.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-753.ThengotoadocumentpublishingorgraphiceditingprogramsuchasMicrosoftWordorAdobePhotoshop.Importthedrawingfromthefilesavedabove.InWord,thiscanbedoneusingInsert|Picture|FromFile.Onceyouaresuretheimagemeetsyourneeds,selectPrintfromtheFilemenuandfollowtheinstructions.Method4:UsingtheCopyPictureoption

1.Highlightthewindowcontainingthediagramthatyouwishtoplot.Thiscanbedonebymakingsurethetitlebarofthatwindowhasthecolorwhichindicatesthatitisinfocus.FromtheEditmenu,chooseCopyPicture.2.Next,runagraphicsprogramwhichoffersfacilitiesforhandlinggraphicimagessuchasMicrosoftPaint,AdobePhotoshop,etc.IntheEditmenuofthatprogram,selectPaste.YouwillnoticethatthedrawingfromtheSTAADwindowisnowpastedinthatprogram.Usingthetoolsprovidedbythegraphicsprogram,youcanmodifythedrawingifyouwish.Onceyouaresuretheimagemeetsyourneeds,selectPrintfromtheFilemenuandfollowtheinstructions.FrequentlyPerformedTasks

FPT-76Method5:UsingtheWindowsClipboard1.Whenthediagramthatyouwishtoplotisdisplayedonthescreen,pressthe"PrintScreen"keyonyourkeyboardor“Shift-PrintScreen",dependingonhowyourkeyboardissetup.TheentireimagecurrentlyinviewwillbecopiedtotheWindowsclipboard.Next,runagraphicsprogramwhichoffersfacilitiesforcroppingportionsofagraphicimage(suchasMicrosoftPaint,Hijaak,FullShot,etc.).IntheEditmenuofthoseprograms,selectPaste.YouwillnoticethattheentireSTAADscreenincludingthediagram,

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menus,toolbaricons,tables,etc.,whichwereinview,arepartofthepastedimage.Usingthetoolsprovidedbythegraphicsprogram,croptheimagesoastopreservejustthedrawingandeliminateunwantedportions.UsingtheFile|Printoption,printthedrawing.FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-77FrequentlyPerformedTasksFPT-78

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STAAD.Pro 2006