FUn-t‰m-dn-b¬ ....................................................................................... 27

sk‚v tacokv bmt°m-_mb kpdn-bm-\n-∏≈n \oen-aw-KewNcn-{X-h-gn-bn-eqsS ................................................................................ 51

tZhm-eb aqtdm≥ A`n-tjIwkpdn-bm\n k`m ImgvN-∏mSv ..................................................................... 55

ssZhm-eb IqZmi, s]cp-∂mƒBtLm-j-߃ ˛ Ah-tem-I\w .............................................................. 103

]≈n-bpsS Ncn{Xw ................................................................................... 119

kqcys\ AWn-s™mcp kv{Xo ˛ssZh-am-Xm-hmb ]cn-ip≤ I\yI adnbw ...................................................... 151

hnip-≤-tbm-l-∂m≥ kv\m]I\pwtam¿ Ko-h¿Kokv kl-Zmbpw ................................................................... 155

IpSpw_w `qan-bnse \∑-I-fpsS Ddh ............................................................. 161

]cn-ip-≤-\mb tam¿ Btlm- ....................................................................... 167

amXm ]nXm Kpcp:ssZhw ........................................................................... 169

\oen-aw-Kew ]≈n, Hcp sFXolyw ................................................................. 171

\√ Zn\w .............................................................................................. 173

hnip≤ Ip¿∫m\ ................................................................................... 175

Aflm-b-ZuXyw ....................................................................................... 183

]cn-ip-≤-∑mcpw ip≤n-a-Xn-I-fpw \ΩpsS B{i-b-tI-{μ-߃.................................... 187

A\p-{K-ln-°-s∏´ Xe-apd ......................................................................... 189

\ΩpsS tZhm-ebw ................................................................................... 197

sh≈n-\-£{Xw ...................................................................................... 201

hn. k`bpw k¨tU-kvIqƒ {]ÿm-\hpw ...................................................... 205

I¿Ø≥ X≥ Bebw .............................................................................. 209

A`n-hμy ]nXm-°-∑m-cpsS t]cp-Ifpw A¿∞-ßfpw ........................................... 209

t^mt´m-WnIvkpw \mt\m-sS-Ivt\m-f-Pnbpwhnip-≤-{K-Ÿ-Im-gv®-∏m-Sn¬ ...................................................................... 211

ae-¶-c-bnse a¨ad™ kpdn-bm\n k`m ]nXm-°-∑m¿ ........................................ 215

amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ Adn-bm≥ .......................................................................... 223

aZy-]m\w Hcp tZio-b-hn-]Øv ....................................................................... 225

{]m¿∞\ ............................................................................................ 227

Rm≥ \nßsS hey-Ω®n ............................................................................ 229

tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmWw: hn`h kam-l-c-Whpw hn\n-tbm-Khpw ............................ 235

tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW hc-hvsN-ehv IW°v ................................................. 238

FUn-t‰m-dn-b¬

Ncn-{Xw Dd-ßp∂ \oen-aw-Kew tZi-Øn\v Hcp iXm-_vZ-tØm-S-SpØv

Bflob DW¿Δpw ssZhoI ssNX-\yhpw {]Zm\w sNbvXv {]tim-̀ n-

°p∂ sk‚v tacokv bmt°m-_mb kpdn-bm-\n-∏≈n k`bv°pw CS-h-

Ibv°pw A`n-am-\hpw Ae-¶m-c-hp-ambn ho≠pw ]pXp-°n-∏-WnXv IqZmi

\SØn ka¿∏n-°p-hm≥ CS-h-Ibv°v km[n-®-Xn¬ ap∂ta ssZhsØ

al-Xz-s∏-SpØp∂p

{]Xn-_-‘-ßsf AXn-Po-hn®p≈ Cu tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmWw,

hnizmk kwc-£W hy{K-X-bp-sSbpw C—m-i-‡n-bp-sSbpw HsØm-cp-a-tbm-sS-bp≈ {]h¿Ø-\-

ß-fpsSbpw ^e-am-Wv. F°m-eØpw At¥ym-Jym-knw-lm-k-\-tØmSv XnI™ Iqdpw `‡nbpw

hnt[-b-Xzhpw ]pe¿Øn-t∏m-cp∂ Cu CS-hI kXy-hn-izmk kwc-£-W-Øn-\m-bp≈ t]mcm-́ -Øn¬

]q¿Δ-Imew apXte ap≥\n-c-bn¬ Xs∂ Bbn-cp∂p F∂p≈ kXyw ChnsS {]tXyIw Hm¿Ω-

s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

\sΩ hnizm-k-Øn¬ Dd-∏n®v, hgn \SØn hmßn-t∏mb t{ijvT-B-Nm-cy-∑m-scbpw tZhm-eb

ÿm]-\-Øn\pw hf¿®bv°pw th≠n Xß-fpsS saøpw a\hpw kºØpw ka¿∏n®v AXy-≤zm\w

sNbvXv a¨a-d™ \ΩpsS ]q¿Δ ]nXm-°-∑m-scbpw Cu Ah-k-c-Øn¬ ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ kva-

cn®v {]m¿∞n-°p-∂p.

tZhm-eb ÿm]-\-Øn-s‚bpw ]p\¿\n¿ΩmWØns‚bpw IqZm-i-bp-sSbpw a‰p Ncn{X

aplq¿Ø-ß-fp-sSbpw kvac-W-Iƒ hcpw Xe-ap-dbv°v ]I¿∂v \¬Ip-∂-Xn\v DX-Ip∂ Hcp kph-

\o¿ ]pd-Øn-d-°p-hm≥ Cu Ah-k-c-Øn¬ km[n-®Xv ssZh-\-S-Øn-∏mbn Icp-Xp-∂p.

At\-I-cpsS klm-bhpw kl-I-c-Whpw hne-tb-dnb \n¿t±-i-ßfpw Cu DZy-

a-Øn\v ]n∂n-ep-≠v. CXn¬ Aev]-amtbm A[n-I-amtbm ]¶v tN¿∂v \nkvXqe

tkh\w sNbvX F√m-h¿°pw \μn Adn-bn-®p-sIm≠v Cu kph-\o¿

AZ-c-thmsS ka¿∏n-°p-∂p.

{]h¿Øn-°p-hm≥ X∂ A\p-{Kl kμ¿ -̀߃°pw Iq´m-

bvabv°pw ssZh-ta, Ahn-Sp-tØbv°v \μn.

FUn-t‰m-dn-b¬ t_m¿Un\p th≠n,

Fw. ]n. Ipcym-t°mkv aßm-́ p-Im-em-bn¬

FUn-‰¿

45

1. {io. DÆq-́ n, DZbw]p-Øq¿

2. {io. Ipcy≥ sXmΩ≥, ]md-bn¬

3. {io. h¿°n sNdn-bm≥,

h´-bv°m-´p-Im-em-bn¬

4. {io. sF∏v amWn ]\-t®-a‰w

5. {io. Nm≠n, apf-¥m¿a-‰-Øn¬

6. {io. sF∏v amØ≥, amt∏m-Sn-bv°¬

7. {io. t]mØ≥ Nm≠n, IÆmw-º-S-Øn¬

8. {io. tImcpf tbml-∂m≥, aT-tØ v́

9. {io. sNdn-bm≥, πm°n-bn¬

10. {io. sF∏v tImc, sIm√≥In-g-t°-Xn¬

11. {io. h¿°n Ipcy≥, If-Øp-]-Sn-°¬

12. {io. ]n. kn. Ipcym-t°m-kv, πm°n-bn¬

13. {io. Nmt°m ^oen-t∏m-kv,

Nn‰n\n-°m-em-bn¬

14. {io. amØ≥ C´n-b-hn-cm,

sXt° h -́bv°m-́ p-Im-em-bn¬

15. {io. amWn, ]Sn-™msd Ipgn-bm-ºm v́

16. {io. sF∏v Cu∏≥, Cug-am-en-bn¬

17. {io. amXyp G{_-lmw, Ipº-f-Øn¬

18. {io. Ipcy≥ h¿Ko-kv, If-Øp-]-Sn-°¬

19. {io. Fw. sI. t]mØ≥,

aßm-´p-Im-em-bn¬

20. {io. sI. ]n. G{_-lmw, sIm´p-∏-≈n-¬

21. {io. ]n. Fw. tXma-kv,

]qhw-\n¬°p-∂-Xn¬

22. {io. ]n. Fw. sF∏v, ]gq¿ ]≈n-∏p-dØv

23. {io. C´n-b-hncm h¿°n, sIm´p-∏-≈n-°-tcm v́

24. {io. F{_lmw Nmt°m, cma-\m-́ p-X-d-bn¬

25. {io. Cu∏≥ Nmt°m, Cug-am-en-bn¬

26. {io. sI. bp. amWn, Xe-b-\m-́ p-a-T-Øn¬

27. {io.sI. hn. amØ≥, Ccp-́ p-am-en¬

28. {io. Fw. sI. tXma-kv, ap -́Øn-Ød

29. {io. sI. Fw. amWn. Ipº-f-Øn¬

30. {io. sI. kn. Nmt°m ,I-≠w-sI-́ n-b-Xn¬

31. {io. sI. sI. sF∏v, Icn-∏m¬

32. {io. sI.-Fw. De-l-∂m≥, Ipgn-b-ºm v́

33. {io. ]n. sF. amØ≥, ]gq¿ ]≈n-∏p-dØv

34. {io. Fw. ]n. Ipcym-t°m-kv, aßm-́ p-Imembn¬

35. {io. sI. F. cmPp, sIm√≥In-g-t°-Xn¬

ap≥ {SÃn-am¿

ap≥ sk{I-́ -dn-am¿

1. {io. kn. Fw. Nmt°m, ]pØ≥]p-c-bn¬

2. {io. sI. sF. tImc IÆ≥sXm-́ n¬

3. {io. ‰n. C. amXyp, sXt° h -́bv°m-́ p-Ime

4. {io. sI. sI. ]oen-t∏m-kv, Ipº-f-Øn¬

5. {io. sI. sI. Ipcy≥, IÆ≥-sXm-́ n¬

6. {io. sI.-hn. kv°dn-bm, Ccp-́ p-am-en¬

7. {io. Fw. kn. Ipcym-t°m-kv, aÆq¿

8. {io. C.-Fw. t__n, amt∏m-Sn-bv°¬

9. {io. ]n. Fw. amXyp, ]gq¿ ]pØ≥]pc

10. {io. ]n. Fw. Ipcym-t°m-kv, ]\-t®-a‰w

11. {io. sI. sI. sF∏v, Icn-∏m¬

12. {io. sI. sI. ^nen-∏v, If¿a-‰-Øn¬

13. {io. sI. sI. Ipcp-hn-f, If-Øp-]-Sn-bv°¬

14. {io. cmPp sI. amXyp, IÆ≥sXm-́ n-bn¬

15. {io. sI. F. cmPp sIm√≥ Ing-t°-Xn¬

16. {io. sI.-Fw. De-l-∂m≥, Ipgn-bm-ºm v́

17. {io. kn. kn. jnPp, sNcn-hp-Im-em-bn¬, aÆq¿

46

47

tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW IΩ‰n

c£m-[n-Imcn : tIm´bw `{Zm-k\ sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ

A`n-hμy tXmakv tam¿ Xotam-Øn-tbmkv

Xncp-a-\- p-sIm≠v

sNb¿am≥ : dh. ^m. B≥{Uqkv Nnc-hØd

hnImcn

sshkv sNb¿am≥ : dh. ^m. Ipcym-t°mkv πm]-d-ºn¬

P\-d¬ I¨ho-\¿ : {io. G{_lmw Nmt°m,

cma-\m-´p-X-d-bn¬

tPmbn‚ v P\-d¬ I¨ho-\¿ : {io. cmP≥ kmw,

ASp-ap-dn-bn¬

\n¿ΩmW k_vI-Ω‰n : {io. ]n. Fw. amXyp,

I¨ho-\¿ ]gq¿ ]pØ≥]p-c-bn¬

ss^\m≥kv k_v-I-Ω‰n : {io. sI. sI. sF∏v,

I¨ho-\¿ Icn-∏m¬

]ªn-kn‰n & ]ªnIv : {io. Fw. ]n. Ipcym-t°mkv,

dnte-j≥kv k_vI-Ω‰n I¨ho-\¿ aßm-´p-Im-em-bn¬

{SÃn : {io. sI. F. cmPp

sIm√≥ Ing-t°-Xn¬

sk{-I-́ -dn : {io. kn. kn. jnPp,

sNcn-hp-Im-em-bn¬, aÆq¿

48

49

\n¿ΩmW k_vI-Ω‰n AwK-߃-

1 {io. APnØv Ipcp-hn-f, If-Øq-∏-Sn-°¬

2 {io. ]n. Fw. Ipcym-t°m-kv,

]\-t®-a-‰w

3 {io. C. Fw. t__n, amt∏m-Sn-°¬

4 {io. sI.-kn. Nmt°m,

I≠w-sI-´n-b-Xn¬

5 {io. tam≥kn kvIdn-b, ]≈n-∏p-dØv

6 {io. C.-]n. amWn, Cug-am-en¬

7 {io. tImcpf G{_-lmw,

aßm-´p-Im-em-bn¬

8 {io. _n\p amWn, h -́bv°m-́ p-Im-em-bn¬

9 {io. ]n. Fw. amXyp, ]gq¿

10 {io. t__n tXma-kv, ]≈n-∏p-dØv

11 {io. sI. Fw. tXma-kv,

Ipgn-bm-ºm´v

ss^\m≥kv k_vI-Ω‰n AwK-߃

1 {io. ]n. Fw. tPmk-̂ v, ]gq¿ Ipgn-bm-ºm v́

2 {io. ]n. sI. G{_-lmw, cma-\m-́ p-X-d-bn¬

3 {io. sI. Fw. Ipcym-t°m-kv,sIm®p-a-ßm-´p-Im-em-bn¬

4 {in. ]n.-sI.-tXm-a-kv, ]gq¿ ]´mWn-°mem

5 {io. sI. sF. h¿§o-kv,IWn-bm-´p-Im-em-bn¬

6 {io. ]n. sF. amWn, ]gq¿ ]≈n-∏pdw

7 {io. Pn_n-®≥, sIm´p-∏-≈n-°-tcm v́

8 {io. ]n.-hn. amXyp, ]gq¿ hmg-°me

9 {io. sI.-Fw. tXma-kv, I≠w-sI-́ n-b-Xn¬

10 {io. sPdn≥ amXyp, ]gq¿ ]´m-Wn-°mem

11 {io. ]n. sI. tPm¿÷v, ]gq¿ Ing-t°-Xn¬

]ªnkn‰n & ]ªnIv dnte-j≥kv k_vI-Ω‰n AwK-߃

1 {io. ]n.-hn. De-l-∂m≥, ]pd-tØ v́

2 {io. cmPp F. tXma-kv, Aº-e-Ød

3 {io. h¿§okv amXyp, Ccp-́ p-am-en¬

4 {io. sI. Fw. De-l-∂m≥, Ipgn-bm-ºm v́

5 {io. ]n. Fw. jmPn, ]\-t®-a‰w

6 {io. Xºm≥ ]n. h¿Ko-kv, ]pd-tØ v́

7 {io. ]n.-sI. Ipcym-t°m-kv,aßm-´p-Im-em-bn¬

8 {io. G{_lmw kmw, Ipº-f-Øn¬

9 {io. hn.-kn. sNdn-bm≥, thew]-d-ºn¬

10 {io. tPm¨ tP°-_v, aßm-́ p-aTw

11 {io. sI.-bp.-s_-∂n, sIm®o-∏-Sn-°¬

12 {io. ‰n.-Fw. De-l-∂m≥,]≈n-sX-t°Xn¬

13 {io. ]n.-Un. tPm¨, ]pØ≥]pc

14 {io. ]n.-]n. G{_lmw, ap -́Øn-Ø-d-bn¬

50

51

sk‚ v tacokv bmt°m-_mb kpdn-bm-\n-∏≈n \oen-aw-Kew

Ncn-{X-h-gn-bn-eq-sS . . . .

ac-ßm-́ n-emb aßm-́ p-Im-em-bn¬ t]mØ≥tImcpf Cu {]tZ-

i-Øp≈ bmt°m-_mbkpdn-bm\n {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ°v

]≈nbpw skan-tØ-cnbpw ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn\v Htc-°¿

ÿew Zm\-ambn \evIn.

� sIm√-h¿jw 1082

I∂n 2

(A.D 1907)

ae-¶c sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ Bbn-cp∂ ]pWyt«mI\mb

]utemkv tam¿ Iqdn-temkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS A\p-hmZI-ev]-

\-{]-Imcw hn. ssZh-am-Xm-hns‚ \ma-Øn¬ tZhm-ebw ]Wn-

bp-∂-Xn\v ASÿm\ine ÿm]n®p.

� sIm√-h¿jw 1090

aIcw 6

(A.D. 1915)

apfw-Iq v́ sIm≠v \n¿Ωn® tZhm-ebw IqZm-i-sNbvXv Znhy-

_en A¿∏n-°-s∏-́ p.� sIm√-h¿jw 1090

Ip`w 24

(A.D. 1915)

I√pw achpw D]-tbm-Kn®v tZhm-e-b-\n¿ΩmWw

Bcw-`n-®p.� sIm√-h¿jw 1101

aIcw

(A.D. 1926)

� sIm√-h¿jw 1101

Ip`w

(A.D. 1926)

At¥ymJym knwlm-k\ {]Xn-\n[n ]. kvfo_m tam¿

HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n Cu ]≈n-bn¬ Fgp-s∂≈n

Ipcn-in≥sXm-́ n-bn¬ am¿ Iuam ]nXm-hns‚ Xncp-ti-jn∏v

ÿm]n-®p.

� sIm√-h¿jw 1103

aIcw

(A. D.1928)

]pWy-t«-mI-\mb aoJm-tb¬ tam¿ Zoh∂ymkntbmkv

sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm \ho-I-cn® tZhm-e-b-Øns‚ IqZm-i-I¿Ωw

\n¿Δ-ln-®p.

� 1953-˛56 tZhm-ebw (a-Zv_lm Hgn-sI) ]pXp°n ]Wn-Xp.

� 1958 ]: Gen-bmkv XrXo-b≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm-bpsS I_-

dn-S-Øn-te-°p≈ hS-°≥ taJem Xo¿∞m-S-Isc Cu ]≈n-

bn¬ kzoI-cn®v BXnYyw \¬Ip-∂-Xn\v XpS°w Ipdn-®p.

52

53

� 1971-˛72 aZv_lm ]pXp°n ]Wn-Xp.

� 1982 s^{_p-hcn 12 At¥ymJym ]m{Xn-b¿°okv ]: C·m-tXymkv kmJm {]Y-a≥ _mhm Xs‚ H∂mw ss«ln-I-k-μ¿i-\-th-f-bn¬ Cu]≈n-bpsS Km‘n-\-K-dn-ep≈ ]: Gen-bmkv XrXo-b≥ Nm∏-ens‚ ASn-ÿm-\- ine Bin¿h-Zn-®p.

� 1988 s^{_p-hcn ]pWy-t«m-I-\mb Koh¿§okv tam¿ {KotKm-dn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n (s]-cp-º≈n Xncp-ta\n) Cu ]≈n-bpsS Km‘n-\-K¿Nm∏-en¬ ]cn-ip≤ Gen-bmkv XrXo-b≥ _mhm-bpsSXncptijn∏v ÿm]n-®p.

� 1990-˛91 ]≈n-bpsS πm‰n\w Pq_n-en- Hcp h¿jw \o≠p- \n∂ hnhn[]cn-]m-Sn-I-tfm-Sp-IqSn BtLm-jn-°-s∏-́ p.

� 1993 s^{_p-hcn 10 At¥ymJym knwlm-k\ {]Xn-\n[n tam¿ At{]wXotamØntbmkv B_qZnsa{Xmt∏meoØm ]≈nkμ¿in®p.

� 2006 P\p-hcn 8 CS-h-I-sa-{Xm-t∏m-enØm A`n-hμy tXmakv tam¿ Xotam-Øn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW ASn-ÿm-\-ine Bio¿hZn®v ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW ^≠v DZvLmS\wsNbvXp.

� 2007 s^{_p-hcn 10 At¥ymJym knwlm-k\ {]Xn-\n[n e≠≥ B¿®v _nj∏vam¿ AØm-\m-kn-tbmkv t‰ma sa{Xm-t∏m-enØm Cu ]≈n-bn¬ hn: Ip¿_m\ A¿∏n®p.

� 2007 sk]vXw-_¿ 14 CS-hI sa{Xm-t∏m-enØm A`n-hμy tXmakv tam¿ Xotam-Øn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW ASn-ÿm-\-ine ÿm]n-®p.

� 2008 P\p-hcn 18 ]: F∏n-kvtIm-∏¬ kp∂-l-tZmkv sk{I-´dn A`nhμytPmk^v tam¿ {KotKmdntbmkv Xncp-ta\n ]≈n-bpsS]p\¿\n¿ΩmW {]h¿Ø-\-߃ DZvLm-S\w sNbvXp.

� 2008 HIvtSm-_¿ 22 ]: At¥ymJy ]m{Xn-b¿°okv C·m-Øn-tbmkv kmJm{]Y-a≥ _mh Xs‚ \memw ss…lnI kμ¿i-\-th-f-bn¬Cu tZhm-e-b-Øns‚ aqtdm≥ A`n-tjI IqZm-i-bv°p≈ine hmgvØn A\p-{K-ln®p.

� 2009 P\p-hcn 11 CS-hI sa{Xm-t∏m-enØm A`n-hμy tXmakv tam¿ Xntam-Øn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n tZhm-e-b-Øns‚ XmXvIm-enI IqZmi\n¿h-ln-®p.

� 2010 P\p-hcn 11 ]pXp-°n-∏-WnX tZhm-e-b-Øns‚ aqtdm≥ A`n-tjI IqZmit{ijvT ImtXm-en°m _t -en-tbmkv tXmakv {]Y-a≥_mhm-bpsS {][m\ Im¿Ωn-I-XzØnepw CS-hI sa{Xm-t∏m-enØm A`n-hμy tXmakv tam¿ Xotam-Øn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-bp-sSbpw a‰v A`nhμy sa{Xm-t∏m-en-Øm-am-cmb tPmk v̂tam¿ {KotKmdn-tbm-kv, Gen-bmkv tam¿ AØm-\-tkym-kv,kJ-dn-bmkv tam¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\m-kv, sFkIv tam¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv F∂o Xncp-ta-\namcp-sSbpw kl-Im¿ΩnI-Xz-Ønepw \S-Ø-s∏-́ p.

54

55

tZhm-eb aqtdm≥ A`n-tjIw

kpdn-bm\n k`m ImgvN-∏mSv

tUm.Ipcym-t°mkv tam¿sXtbm-^o-temkvsa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ

bqtdm∏v `{Zm-k-\w & MSOT

dkn-U‚ v sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ

]cn k -̀bpsS hnizm-k-a-\p-k-cn®v hn. aqtdm-\-̀ n-tjIw Hcp hy‡n-bn¬ÿnc-amb ap{Z CSp-∂-Xp-t]mse ]pXp-°hpw ssZ-hm[nhm-k-Øn-\p≈tbmKy-Xbpw aqtdm≥IqZm-i-bneqsS Be-b-Øn\v e`n-°p-I-bm-Wv.

{]mcw-̀ -Imew apX¬ Xs∂ {]tXyIw hy‡n-I-sfbpw hkvXp-

°-sfbpw ÿe-ß-sf-bpw ka-b-sØbpw hnip≤w As√-¶n¬ th¿Xn-

cn-°-s∏-́ -Xmbn ImWp-hm≥ km[n-°pw. F√m aX-ß-fnepw kwkvIm-

c-ß-fnepw hyXykvX cq]-Øn¬ CXpZr-iy-am-Wv. kpdn-bm\n k -̀

bpsS tZhm-e-b-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Nn¥bpw amXr-Ibpw {][m-\-ambn

blqZm ]mc-º-cy-Øn¬ ASn-ÿm\s∏´Xpw AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂

]gb \nba tbcp-itew tZhm-eb amXrIbn¬ ]n≥Xp-S¿∂p-≈-Xp-

am-W.v ]cn k -̀bpsS hnizm-k-a-\p-k-cn®v hn. aqtdm-\-̀ n-tjIw Hcp

hy‡n-bn¬ ÿnc-amb ap{Z CSp-∂-Xp-t]mse ]pXp-°hpw ssZ-

hm[nhm-k-Øn-\p≈ tbmKy-Xbpw aqtdm≥ IqZm-i-bneqsS Be-b-

Øn\v e`n-°p-I-bm-Wv. CXv ta¬∏-́ -°m-c≥ am{Xw \nd-th-‰-s∏-Sp∂

IqZm-i-bm-Wv. CXv Bh¿Øn-°-s∏-Sp-hm≥ ]mSn-√mØXpw BIp-∂p.

ip{iqjm \S-]Snc≠p ip{iq-j-IfmbmWv Cu IqZmi {Iao-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

\ng-emb ]g-b-\n-b-ahpw s]mcp-fmb ]pXnb \nb-a-hpw t]mse. c≠mw

ip{iq-j-bn¬ _en-]oT ip{iqj, ssl°vem ({]-Im-cw) ip{iqj

F∂o c≠p `mK-ß-fp-≠v. H∂mw ip{iqj°v Awi-h-kv{X-߃ [cn-

t°-≠-Xn-√. Nne-t∏mƒ aq∂mw aWn {]m¿∞-\bv°p ap≥t]m, kuI-

cym¿∞w Xte Znhkw k‘ym \a-kvImcw Ignt™m H∂mw

ip{iqj \S-Øm-dp-≠v. c≠mw ip{iqjbv°v Awi-h-kv{X-߃ [cn-

®n-cn-°-Ww. BZyw aqtdm≥ IqSmsX t{XmW-kn¬ Ipcn-i-S-bmfw

hc-bv°p-Ibpw ]n∂o-Sv- A-Xn\p apI-fn¬ IqSn hn.-aq-tdm≥ ]pc´n Ipcn-

i-S-bmfw hc-bv°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. {XnXz-\m-a-Øn¬ ap{Z-bn-

Sp∂tXmSp-IqSn CXns‚ ]q¿Øo-I-cWw \nh¿Øn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. epØn-

\n-bmbpw {]m¿∞-\-Ifpw ]q¿Øo-I-cn®v hncn-°q´w BtLm-jn®v

IqZm-i-sNbvXv t{XmWkv Ae-¶-cn-°p-∂p. AXn\p tijw-ta¬∏-́ -

°m-c≥ aqtdm≥ Ip∏n-sb-SpØv BtLm-j-ambn ]pd-s∏´v `nØn-I-

fn¬ Ipcn-i-S-bmfw hc-bv°p-∂p. BZyw aZv_-lm, Ing°v `nØn,

hSt° `nØn-b-cn-In¬ IqSn h∂v hmXn-ep-I-fn¬ hc®v sX°p-̀ m-K-

Øp-IqSn Ing-t°m v́ h∂v hc-®-h-km-\n-∏n-°p-∂p. -k-am-]\ {]m¿∞\

\SØn t{XmtWmkn≥ ta¬ hbv°p-hm-\p≈ Ipcniv BtLm-jn®v

\nt£-]n-°p-∂p.-

56

57

tZ-hm-e-b-Øns‚ {]m[m-\yhpw

hnhn[ `mK-ßfpwkpdn-bm\n k -̀bpsS tZhm-e-b-߃ ]g-b-\n-b-a-sØbpw tbcp-itew tZhm-e-b-sØbpw amXr-I-bm°nbmsW∂v ap≥]v {]Xn-]m-Zn -®pht√m.]pd. 26 ¬ ssZhw ko\mbv ae-bn¬ h®v kz¿§obtbcp-i-te-ans‚ amXrI tamsibv°v ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂p. AXn≥ {]Im-c-amWv kam-K-a-\-Iq-Smchpw]n∂o-Sp≈ tZhm-ebw \n¿Ωn-Xnbpw. AXn≥{]Imcw Be-bsØ 4 `mK-ß-fmbn Xncn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.1. P\-ß-fpsS ip≤o-I-c-Wÿew (]p-dsØ

{]mIm-cw)2. AIsØ {]mImcw (ssl-°vem)3. ]qPm-h-kvXp-°ƒ hbv°p-∂-Xn\pw BNm-cy-

∑mcpw ip{iq-j-Icpw \n¬°p-∂-Xn-\p-ap≈hnip-≤-ÿ-ew (-sI-k-ØpXp-am)

4. btlm-h-bpsS s]´Iw Ccn-°p∂ AXn-hn-ip-≤-ÿew (a-Zv_-lm)

Be-b-Øn-te°v {]th-in-°p-∂-Xn\v ap≥]vIgpIn ip≤o-I-cWw {]m]n-°p-∂-Xns‚ {]Xo-I-ambn ]n®-f-sØm-́ n-bn¬ Pe-ap-≠m-Ipw. Be-b-Øn-\p-≈n-te°v {]th-in-°p-tºmƒ Ggv XncnIfp≈Ihc hnf°v {]mIm-c-Øns‚ \Sp-hn-ep-≠m-Ipw.AXn\pa∏p-d-Øp≈ ÿm\w ImgvN-b∏w Ccn-°p∂ ÿew. G‰hpw ap∂n-embn AXn-hn-ip-≤-ÿ-ew.

kpdn-bm\n k -̀bpsS Be-b-amXrI ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ BZyw ]qapJw As√-¶n¬ \mS-I-im-e.ChnsS-bmWv amtam-Zokm kzoI-cn-°m-Ø-hcpw,hnizm-k-]-Tn-Xm-°fpw \n∂n-cp-∂-Xv. \mSI ime-sb∂ t]cp e`n-°phm≥ ImcWw A£-cm-̀ ym-k-an-√m-Ø-hsc hnizm-khpw thZhpw ]Tn-∏n-°p-hm≥BwKy-`m-j-bn-eq-sSbpw Iem-cq-]ßfn-eq-sSbpw{]I-S-\-߃ \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂Xv ChnsS sh®m-bn-cp∂-Xp-sIm-≠m-sW∂p ]d-bp-∂p. F∂m¬ bcp-itew tZhm-e-b-Øn¬ \n∂pw hyXy-kvX-ambn\ΩpsS ]≈n-I-fn¬ amtam-Znkm sXm´n Agn-°IØn\vv heXp hi-Øp≈ ÿm\-Øm-Wv.\sΩ IgpIn ip≤o-I-cn-°p∂ ain-lm-bpsS Xncp-hn-em-hn¬ \ns∂m-gp-Inb c‡hpw sh≈hpwheXp hiØp \n∂p {]h-ln®p F∂-Xns‚ {]Xo-I-am-W-Xv.

]qapJw Ign™v hnizm-kn-Iƒ°v \n¬°p-hm-\p≈ ÿm\-amWv ssl°vem. Ggv Xncn-I-fp≈Ihc hnf-°p-t]mse AXns‚ \Sp-hn¬ FÆhnf-°p-≠v. amtam-Zn-k-mbm¬ IgpIn shSn-∏m-°-s∏´ hnizmkn Xncp-h-N-\-Øm¬ {]Im-in-Xcm-bn-

Øo-cp-∂p. Ggv Ihc hnf-°p-Iƒ Ggv IqZm-i-I-fpsS {]Xo-I-ambpw Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.

Agn-°Iw ̀ uXnI ]dp-Zo-km-bpsS {]XoIwIqSnbmWv. thZ-]p-kvX-Ihpw, Ipcnipw c≠p-Xn-cn-Ifpw Ahn-sS-bp-≠m-Ipw. -\≥a Xn≥a-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ Adn-hns‚ hr£-Øns‚ {]Xo-I-ambn hn.{KŸhpw, Poh-hr-£-amb Ipcn-ipw, Xncn-IƒImh¬ \n¬°p∂ sIcq-ºp-I-fpambn {]Xn-]m-Zn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p,

AXn-hn-ip≤ ÿe-Øns‚ {]Xo-I-amb hn.aZv_lm, Poh-a∂shbv°-s∏-́ n-cn-°p-∂ ]qPm-]m-{X-ß-fpsS ÿm\Øv Imkm, ]nem-k-I-fpw, Al-tdms‚ Xfn¿Ø hSn-bpsS Nnlv\-amb Ipcnipw\n¬°p-∂p. kz¿§-tØm-Spw, ssZhw Cdßn hkn®ko\mbv ae-tbmSpw hn. aZvv_-lmsb kqNn∏n-°p-tºmƒ I¿Øm-hns‚ _en-]o-Thpw ssZhnIknwlm-k-\-hp-ambn hn. t{XmW-kns\ Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-∂p.

tZhm-eb \n¿ΩnXn]mf-b-Øns‚ at≤y C{km-tb¬ a°-fpsS

c£-bv°mbn Db¿Ønb kam-K-a\ IqSmcw tZhm-e-bsØ Zr„m-¥-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. c£bv-°mbnC{km-tb¬ a°ƒ ]mf-bsØ e£y-am°n HmSp-Ibpw AXn\p Np‰pw IqSp-Ibpw sNøp∂p. AXvDb¿∂n-cn-°p∂p. AXp-t]mse Xs∂ `qan-sbbpwkz¿§-sØbpw _‘n-°p∂ bmt°m_v Z¿in®tKmh-Wnbpw tZhm-eb {]Xo-I-am-Wv. (D-ev]. 28:12) Pe-{]-f-b-Øn¬ \n∂p c£-s∏-Sp-hm≥ t\ml\n¿-Ωn® s] -́I-ambpw (D-ev]. 6:13, 7:1)sh-fn-]mSp]pkvX-I-Øn¬ ]d-bp∂ P\-tØm-sSm∏w hkn-°p∂ ssZhnI IqSm-c-hpam-Wv tZhm-e-bw (-shfn21: 3,4 ). tZhm-e-b-Øn¬ {]th-in-°p-∂Xp apX¬t{XmtWmkv hsc ]Sn-]-Sn-bmbn Db¿Øn]Wn-bp-∂p. CXv `uan-I-X-e-Øn¬ \n∂pw kz¿t§m-∂-X-ß-fn-te°v a\p-jy≥ {]th-in-°p-∂Xv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. Be-b-Øns‚ ]pdsa, ]qap-JsØ Ipcn-in-t\-°mƒ Db¿∂-Xm-bn-cn-°Ww hn. aZv_-lm-bpsS apI-fnse Ipcn-iv. (tIm-X-aw-Kew, Icn-ßm-®n-d, ISp-Øp-cp-Øn, ]nd-hw XpS-ßnb ]gb tZhm-e-b-ß-fn-se√mw CXv Zriy-am-Wv.)

kpdn-bm\n k` Ing-°p-]-Sn-™mdp Zni-bnsetZhm-e-b-߃ ]Wn-bm-dp -≈p. blkvt°¬{]h-N-\-Øn¬ ]d-bp∂Xpt]mse Ingt° hgn-bmbn ssZh-tX-Pkv hn. aμn-c-Øn¬ {]th-in-®p.(b-l-kvt°¬ 43:12,40:12,10:19) bmK-߃A¿∏n-°p-tºmƒ Ing-t°m-́ p≈ tKm]pcw Xpd-∂n-Sp -∂p. (sbsl: 46 :12) hn. -a -Øm-bn -bpsS

58

59

kphn-tijw 24:27 A\p-k-cn®v ain-lm-bpsS hchvIng-°p-\n-∂m-sW∂v kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p.

hn. aqtdm-\-̀ n-tjIwA`n-tj-I-sØ-°p-dn®v Nn¥n-°p-tºmƒ

AXn\v {]Xo-Im-fl-Ihpw aX-]-c-hp-amb A¿∞-Øn¬ ]pcm-X\ Imew apX¬t° D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂-Xmbn ImWmw. CuPn-]v‰n¬ hf-sc-°m-e-߃°p-ap≥]p Xs∂ FÆ sIm≠p≈ A`n-tjIw \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂-Xmbn ImWmw. CXv ip≤o-I-c-W-Øn\pw, kuJy-Øn-\pw, kuμ-cy-Øn\pwimco-cnI shSn-∏n\pw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂p.-cm-Pm-°-∑m-scbpw ]ptcm-ln-X-scbpw A`n-tjIw sNøp-tºmƒ Ah¿°v al-Xzhpw kpc-£bpw e`n-°p∂XmbnAh¿ hniz-kn-®n-cp-∂p. hy‡n-Iƒ°p]pdsa hr£-߃, hn{K-l-߃, Bbp-[-߃hscbpw A`n-tjIw sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xmbn ImWmw.A`n-tj-I-Øn-eqsS tZh≥am-cpsS {]tXy-I-i‡nA`n -tjIw sNø-s∏-Sp∂ hkvXp -hnt\mhy‡nt°m e`n-°p∂p F∂v hniz-kn-®n-cp-∂p.

hn. thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ Asse-bvt^m,{Intbm F∂o c≠p ]Z-߃ A`n-tj-IsØ kqNn-∏n -°p-hm≥ D]-tbm-Kn -°p∂p. H∂m-a-tØXvhmNym¿∞-Ønepw c≠m-a-tØXv aX-]-c-ambA¿∞-ØnepamWv. ]gb \nb-a-Øn¬ Hen-sh-Æbpw {]tXyI kpK-‘-{Z-hy-ßfpw tN¿Ø FÆsIm≠v hn-ip≤ ÿe-Øp-h®v Xe-bn-eqsS A`n-tjIw sNøp-tºmƒ A[n-Im-c-Øns‚ IqSn {]Xo-I-ambn AXns\ ImWp-∂p. A`n-tj-I-Øn-eqsSkt¥m-jhpw ssZhn-Im-\p-{K-lhpw e`n-°p-∂p. (1cmP 1:39, 1 i.-ap. 10:1, k¶o. 45:7) ssZhm-flmhns\ e`n-°p∂p, {]tXyI kwc-£Ww e`n-°p∂p, ssZh-hp-ambn t\¿_-‘-Øn-em-Ip-∂p, (1iap 10:13, 24:6˛11, 26:9˛23 2iap 1:14) Aip-≤n-bn¬ \n∂pw th¿Xn-cn-°p-∂p, (]pd 30:29) CXvhkvXp-°ƒ°pw _m[-I-am-Wv (-]pd 40:19) tehy8:10). ]pXnb \nba-Øn¬ {Intbm, {Inkvam F∂o]Z-߃ ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-̀ n-tj-IsØ kqNn-∏n-°p-hm≥ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p. (At∏m. {]. 10:30) CXn-eqsS {]tXy-I-i‡n e`n®v \ntbmKw e`n-°p-∂p.

Dev]. 28:10˛20 `mK-ß-fn¬ bmt°m_vZ¿in-°p∂ tKmh-Wn-sb-°p-dn®pw bmt°m_v Xe-bn-W-bmbn sh® I√v FÆ sIm≠v A`n-tjIwsNbvXv B ÿe-Øn\v t_tY¬ F∂p t]cn-Sp-∂Xmbpw ImWp∂p. Hc¿∞-Øn¬ BZy tZhm-eb A`n-tjIw \S-Øn-bXv bmt°m-_m-sW∂p]d-bmw. item-tam≥ tZhm-ebw ]WnXp hnip-

≤o-I-cn-®p-I-gn-bp-tºmƒ Bebw ssZh tXP- n-\m¬ \nd-bp-∂p (1 cmP 8:11). ssZh-Øns‚ IÆpwsNhnbpw AhnsS Xpd-∂n-cn-°p-∂p (-1 cmP 9:30).

D]-kw-lmcw]uc-kvXy-Im-gvN-∏m-Sn¬ k` Hcp Bcm-[\m

kaq-l-am-Wv. tZhm-ebw Bflob t_tYepw.bmt°m_v I√n¬ FÆ Hgn-®-Xp-t]mse tZhm-eb IqZmi ka-bØv sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm hn.t{XmWkpw tZhm-e-bhpw hn. aqtdm-\m¬ ap{ZIpØp-∂p. Cu {]XnjvT ssZhw AwKo-I-cn-°p∂pF∂-Xns‚ sXfnhv Dev]. 31:13 ¬ Zriy-amWv ""\o I¬ØqWn\v A`n-tjIw sNøp-Ibpw hrX-sa-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNbvX ÿe-amb t_tY-ensessZh-amWv Rm≥''

]cn-ip-≤m-fl-hns‚ {]Xo-I-amb hn. aqtdm-\m¬ Hcp tZhm-ebw A`n-tjIw sNø-s∏-Sp-tºmƒAXv hnip-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏´v ssZhnI tXP mepwkm∂n-≤y-Ømepw \nd-bp-∂p. sbi-ømhv 6:1˛10hsc ̀ mK--ß-fn¬ ImWp-∂-Xp-t]mse {Iqt_≥am-cpsS tXcp -I-fm¬ hebw sNø-s∏-Sp -∂p.hnizmknIfpsS {]m¿∞-\-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°p-hm≥ssZhw k∂n-ln-X-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂p. c£-bpsS AS-bm -f -ambn kwc-£-Whpw tZi-Øns‚]mf-bhp-ambn Db¿∂p- \n¬°p-∂p. kz¿t§m-∂-X-ß-fn-te°v a\p-jys\ Itc-‰p∂ tKmhn-Wn-bmbnBebw ÿnXn sNøp-∂p. \mi-Øn¬ \n∂pwc£ \¬Ip∂ s] -́I-ambn Bebw \n¬°p-∂p.hn. amtam-Zn-k-mbm¬ IgpIn shSn-∏m-°-s∏´, hn.aqtdm\m¬ ap{Z-bn-S-s∏´ Poh-\p≈ Be-b-ßfmbhnizm-kn-Iƒ°v \oXo-I-c-Whpw hnip-≤o-I-c-Whpwal-Xzo-I-c-Whpw c£bpw A\p{K-lhpw e`n-°p∂ ÿm\-ambn amdp-∂p hn. aqtdm-\-`n-tj-I-Øm¬ tZhm-ebw. c£m-am¿§-ß-fmb hn. IqZm-i-I-fpsS A\p-jvTm\ tI{μ-ambpw ssZh-]p-{Xs‚Xncp-i-coc c‡-ß-fpsS BtLmj ÿm\-hp-ambnamdp∂p hn. tZhm-e-bw. btlmh hkn-°p∂ Cuÿew shSn-t∏msS kq£n-°p-hm≥ ssZh-h-N\w\sΩ Hm¿Ω-s∏-Sp-Øp-tºmƒ (]pd 3:5) hnip-≤n-tbmsS AXn¬ {]th-in-°p-Ibpw I¿Øm-hns‚Xncp-i-coc c‡ßfpsS Awin-I-fmbn \mwBe-b-Øn¬ \n∂pw ]pd-Øp-h-cp-tºmƒ tamiko\mbv ae-bn¬ \n∂pw Cdßn h∂-t∏mƒ apJwkqcy-s\-t∏mse hnf-ßn-b-Xp-t]mse ssZhnItXP- mepw ]c-kv]c kvt\l-ØmepwPzen-°p∂ A\p-̀ hw Hmtcm hnizm-knbnepw D≠m-tI-≠-Xm-Wv.

60

61

1915 ˛¬ hnip≤ ssZh-amXm-hns‚ \m-a-Øn¬ ÿm]n-X-amb Cu

]cn-ip≤ tZhm-ebw ]pXp-°n-∏-WnXv aqtdm≥ A`n-tjI IqZmi \S-Ø-

s∏-´ Cu thf-bn¬ C{X-tØmfw hgn-\-S-Ønb k¿Δ-i-‡-\mb

ssZhsØ \μn-tbmsS kvXpXn-°p-∂p.

Cu ]cn-ip≤ tZhm-e-bw, At¥ym-Jym-bp-sS-bpw, Ing-s°m-s°-

bp-sSbpw ]:]t{Xm-kns‚ ss«lnI knwlm-k-\-Øn≥ Iogn-ep≈ ae-

¶c bmt°m-_mb kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym\n k -̀bpsS tIm´bw `{Zm-k-\-

Ønse {]apJ tZhm-e-b-ß-fn¬ H∂mbn, Cu tZi-Øns‚ {]Im-i-tKm-

]p-c-ambn ]cn-e-kn-°p-∂p. hn.-ssZ-h-am-Xm-hns‚ a≤y-ÿ-X-bn¬ A -̀b-

s∏´v \m\-mPmXn aX-ÿ-cmb At\-I¿, Xß-fpsS D±njvS Imcy-e-

_v[n°pw tcmK-im-¥n°pw a‰v ssZhnI A\p-{K-l-߃°p-ambn Cu

tZhm-e-b-Øn¬ h∂v {]m¿∞n®v A\p-{K-l-߃ {]m]n®v t]mIp-∂Xv

\nXy-Im-gvN-bm-Wv. kXy-hn-izmkw kwc-£n-°p-∂-Xn\v hf-sc-b-[nIw t¢i-

߃ kln-°p-I-bpw, _e-]-co-£-W-ßsf AXn-Po-hn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-

´p-≈-Xm-Wv Cu CS-h-I.

sIm√-h¿jw 1090 ¬ (AD 1915) apfw-Iq v́ sIm≠v \n¿Ωn® BZy

tZhm-ebw sIm√-h¿jw 1103 ¬ (AD 1928) I√pw achpw D]-tbm-Kn®v

\ho-I-cn®v HmSp ta™p. 1953˛56 ¬ ÿe-]-cn-anXn aqew A∂sØ sNdnb

tZhm-ebw (a-Zv_lm Hgn-sI) ]pXp-°n-∏-Wn-Xp. 1971-̨ 72 ¬ hn. aZv_-

lmbpw ]pXp-°n-∏-Wn--Xp. (ÿm-]\Imew apX-ep≈ ]≈n-bpsS Ncn{Xw

A\y-{X)

2 tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW {]mcw-̀-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃

2.1 {]mcw` ]≤Xn (Initial Project)Zim-_vZ-߃ ]n∂n-́ -t∏mƒ CS-h-IbpsS hf¿®°v A\p-tbm-Py-

ambpw Imem-\p-kr-X-ambpw \ne-hn-ep≈ tZhm-ebw ]pXp-°n-∏-Wn-b-W-

sa-∂p≈ CS-h-Imw-K-ß-fpsS Nnc-Ime B{Klw tZhm-eb \hXn

“Rm≥ \nt∂mSp IqsS- D-≠v; {`an®p t\mt°≠, Rm≥ \ns‚ ssZh-am-

Ip∂p; Rm≥ \ns∂ i‡o-I-cn°pw; Rm≥ \ns∂ klm-bn-°pw; Fs‚

\oXn-bp≈ hess¶ sIm≠v Rm≥ \ns∂ Xmßpw.” sbi-ømhv 41:10

G{_lmw Nmt°mcma-\m-´p-Xd-bn¬,P\-d¬ I¨ho-\¿ &

k`m- am-t\-PnwKv IΩ-‰n-bwKw

dnt∏m¿´v

]p\¿\n¿ΩmW {]h¿Ø-\-߃ Bcw-̀ n®v tIhewc≠p h¿j-Øn-\p-≈n¬Cu ssZhnI-]-≤Xn hnP-b-I-c-ambn ]q¿Øn-bm-°p-hm≥km[n-®Xv CS-h-Imw-K-ß-fpsS \nc-¥-c-amb {]m¿∞-\-bpsSbpw ITn-\m-≤zm-\-Øn-s‚bpw ^e-ambpwk¿tΔm-]cn k¿Δ-i-‡-\mbssZh-Øns‚ Af-h‰ Ir]H∂p-sIm≠pw am{X-am-Wv.

62

63

h¿j-Øn¬ (2005) {]_-e-s∏-́ Xv ssZh-ln-X-w H∂p

sIm≠p-am-{X-amWv. tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW {]mcw-

`-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃°v hnImcn hμy tImX-tI-cn¬

G{_lmw tIm¿-F-∏n-kvtIm-∏m-bpw, Znhw-K-X-\mb

tIm´-bn¬ sNdn-bm≥ A®\pw kvXpXy¿l-amb

t\XrXzw \¬In. 2005 \hw-_¿ 27-̨ mw XobXn IqSnb

hnti-jm¬ s]mXp-tbmKw ]≈n-bpsS \ofw Iq´n

]pXnb \mS-I-imebpw apJ-hm-chpw \n¿Ωn-°p-∂-

Xn\v sFI-I-WvtTy\ Xocp-am-\n-®p. B¿°n-sSIv‰v

Iam≥U¿ kt¥mjv tPm¨ Xøm-dm-°nb πm\pw 15-

e£w cq]-bpsS FÃn-ta‰pw ]≈n amt\-PnwKv IΩ-

‰n-bpsS ip]m¿i-{]-Imcw s]mXptbmKw AwKo-I-cn-

®p.

tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmWw Imcy-£-a-ambpw

ka-b-_-‘n-X-ambpw \S-∏m-°p-∂-Xn\v tZhm-e-b-]p-

\¿\n¿ΩmW Hm¿K-ss\-knwKv IΩ-‰n-bp-w, \n¿ΩmWw,

ss^\m≥kv, ]ªn-kn‰n F∂n-hbv°v k_v IΩ-‰n-

Ifpw I¨ho-\¿am-scbpw sXc-s™-Sp-Øp. _‘-

s∏´ IΩ-‰n-Ifpw ]≈n-am-t\-PnwKv IΩ-‰n-bpw- hn.ssZh-

am-Xm-hns‚ a≤y-ÿ-X-bn¬ A -̀b-s∏´p e£y-{]m-

]vXn-°mbn {iaw Bcw-̀ n-®p.

2005 Unkw-_¿ 18\v IqSnb s]mXp-tbmKw CS-

hI sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø-m A`n-hμy tXmakv tam¿ Xotam-

Øn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS D]-tZ-i-ßfpw, \n¿t±-i-

ßfpw am\n®v ]≈n \ofw Iq´n \n¿Ωn-°p-∂-Xn\p

]Icw \ne-hn-ep≈ ]≈n-bpsS ÿm\Øp Xs∂

CS-h-Imw-K-߃°v kuI-cy-{]-Z-amb coXn-bn¬ Bcm-

[-\-bn¬ kw_-‘n-°p-∂-Xn\v ]cym-]vX-amb coXn-bn¬

tZhm-ebw ]p\¿\n¿Ωn-°p-∂-Xn\v Xocp-am-\n-®p.

πm\pw FÃn-ta‰pw Xøm-dm-°p-∂-Xn\v tZhm-eb

]p\¿\n¿ΩmW IΩ-‰nsb Npa-X-e-s∏-Sp-Øn. tZhm-eb

]p\¿\n¿ΩmWw hn]p-e-s∏-Sp-Ønb ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬

hnhn[ k_v IΩ-‰n-I-fn-te°v IqSp-X¬ CS-h-Imw-K-

ßsf s]mXp-tbmKw sXc-s™-Sp-°pIbpw sNbvXp.

2.2 tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW ASn-ÿm-\-ineBio¿hm-Zhpw tZhm-eb]p\¿\n¿ΩmW^≠v DZvLm-S-\hpwCS-hI sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ A`n-hμy tXmakv

am¿ Xotam-Øn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n 2006 P\p-hcn 8˛mw

XobXn Rmb-dmgvN hnip≤ Ip¿∫m-\m-\-¥cw tZhm-

eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW ASn-ÿm\ ine Bio¿h-Zn-°p-

Ibpw CS-h-ImwKw hμy Cu∏≥ tIm¿ F∏n-

kvtIm∏m Cug-am -en¬ \¬Inb BZy XpI

(Rs. 50001/-) kzoI-cn-®v tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW

^≠v DZvLm-S\w sNøp-Ibpw sNbvXp. A∂p-Xs∂

CS-h-Imw-K-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw 1,33,000 cq]m kw`m-h-\b-

bmbn e`n®p.

2.3 ]pXp-°nb ]≤Xn (Revised Project)2006 s^{_p-hcn 19-̨ mw XobXn IqSnb s]mXp-

tbmKw tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmWw c≠p L -́ß-fn-

embn \S-Øp-hm≥ Xocp-am-\n-®p. BZy-L-´-ambn

aZv_lm HgnsI ]≈n ]p\¿\n¿Ωn-°p-∂-Xn\v

B¿°n-sSIv‰v Iam≥U¿ kt¥mjv tPm¨ Xøm-dm-

°nb 2650 N: ASn hnkvXo¿Æ-ap≈ tZhm-e-b-Øns‚

\n¿±njvS πm\pw 26.50 e£w cq]-bpsS FÃnta‰pw

AwKo-I-cn-®p. c≠mw L´-ambn hnip≤ aZv_lm

]p\¿\n¿Ωn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ sNe-hp-Iƒ IqSn IW-°n-

se-SpØv 40 e£w cq]-bpsS ^≠v kam-l-cn-°p-∂-

Xn\pw CXn¬ 30 e£w cq] CS-h-Imw-K-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw

kzcq-]n-°p-∂-Xn-\v, Hmtcm CS-hI `h-\-ß-fn¬

\n∂p Ah-cpsS Hcp amksØ hcp-am-\-sa-¶nepw H‰-

Ø-h-Wbmtbm Xh-W-I-fm -bn Hcp h¿jw

sImt≠m kam-l-cn-°-W-sa∂pw Xocp-am-\n-®p. Cu

e£yw ap≥\n¿Øn _lp. hnIm-cn -bpsSbpw,

tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW ASn-ÿm-\-ine CS-hI sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØA`n-hμy tXmakv tam¿ Xotam-Øn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n Bio¿h-Zn-°p∂p.

tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿Ωm-W- ^≠v CS-hI sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØmA`n-hμy tXmakv tam¿ Xotam-Øn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n DZvLm-S\w sNøp-∂p.

64

Best compliments from:

St. Mary’s Catering ServiceCatering, Hiring & Stage Decoration

Samkranthi, Kottayam - 686028

Ph: 0481-2591331, 2590356

Mob: 9447661564

amXm H]v‰n-°¬kv

shs≈-gpØp IÆ-S-Iƒ, IqfnwKv •mkp-Iƒ, ]Δ¿ •m p-Iƒ apX-em-bh

anX-amb \nc-°n¬ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-tØmsS Xøm¿ sNbvXp-sIm-Sp-°p-∂p.

Xmg-Øp-I-≠-Øn¬ _n¬Unw-Kv, Dg-hq¿

Mob: 9447385946

tIm -́bv°¬ Bcy-ssh-Zy-imekw{Im¥n

Mob: 9446049613Mob: 9446049613Mob: 9446049613Mob: 9446049613Mob: 9446049613F√m sNmΔm-gvN-bpw, i\n-bm-gvNbpw 2.30 apX¬ 5.30 hsc

{]i-kvX-cmb tUmIvS¿am¿ tcmKn-Isf kuP-\y-ambn ]cn-tim-[n-°p-∂p.

Authorised Dealer:

Adumuriyil BuildingsSAMKRANTHI

Ph: 0481-2595762

65

kl-hnIm-cn-bp-sSbpw t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ tZhmeb

]p\¿\n¿ΩmW IΩ‰n AwK-߃ 2006 s^{_p-h-cn,-

am¿®v amk-ß-fn¬ CS-h-I-bnse apgp-h≥ ̀ h-\-ßfpw

kμ¿in-®p.

]n∂o-Sp-≠mb Nne {]Xn-k-‘n-Iƒ aqew tZhm-

eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW{]h¿Ø-\-߃ Hcp h¿j-°mew

kvXw -̀\m-h-ÿ-bn¬ Bsb-¶nepw CS-h-Imw-K-ß-fpsS

\nc-¥-c-amb {]m¿∞\-bpsS ^e-ambn Dt±-

i-e-£y-hp-ambn ap≥t]m´p t]mIp-∂-Xn\v

ssZh-Ir]-bp-≠m-bn.

2006 Pq¨ amk-Øn¬ hnIm-cn-bmbn

Npa-X-e-tb‰ _lp:amXyqkv Imhp-¶-e-®≥

tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmWw km£mXv°cn-°p-

∂-Xn\v A£o-W-]-cn-{iaw Bcw-̀ n®p

2.4 A¥na ]≤Xn(Final Project)2007 Pq¨ amkw 17-̨ mw XobXn IqSnb

s]mXp-tbmKw \ne-hn-ep≈ tZhm-ebw

ÿnXn sNøp∂ ÿeØp Xs∂ ]pXnb

tZhm-ebw \n¿Ωn-°-W-sa∂pw 19.02.2006 ¬

IqSnb s]mXp-tbmKw AwKo-I-cn® πm\n-t\-

°mƒ sa®-s∏-´ πm≥ Xøm-dm-°p-∂-Xn\v

H∂n¬ IqSp-X¬ F©n-\o-b¿am-cpsS tkh\w

Dd-∏m-°-W-sa∂pw Xocp-am-\n-®p. hnhn[ F©n-

\o-b¿am¿ Xøm-dm-°nb πm≥ ]cn-tim-[n®v

tZhm-eb ]p\¿ \n¿ΩmW IΩ‰n Xøm-dm-°nb

dnt∏m¿ v́ 2007 BKÃv 5˛mw XobXn IqSnb s]mXp-

tbmKw hni-Z-ambn N¿® sNbvXp. B¿°n-sSIv‰v

Iam≥U¿ kt¥mjv tPm¨ B.Arch, M.S. FIIAXøm-dm-°nb 140 ASn \ofhpw 40 ASn hoXnbpw apJ-

hm-c-Øn\p 85 ASn Db-c-ap-≈Xpw hnip≤ aZv_-lm-

bv°v ]m¿iz-ap-dn-Ifpw {]mIm-c-Øn\v c≠p hi-ß-

fnepw hcm-¥-bpw, Dƒhiw aq∂p hiØv _m¬°-

Wn-bp, cq]-̀ w-Kn-bp≈ \mS-I-im-e-bp-apƒs∏sS 8000

N: ASn hnkvXo¿Æ-ap≈ πm≥, AXns‚ khn-ti-j-

X-I-fpw, ta∑-Ifpw ÿe-ku-I-cyhpw ]cn-K-Wn®v

s]mXp-tbmKw sFII-WvtTy\ AwKo-I-cn-®p. hnip≤

k -̀bnse At\Iw tZhm-e-b-߃ ]p\¿\n¿Ωn-°p-

∂-Xn\v πm\pw FÃn-ta‰pw Xøm-dm°n _‘-s∏´

\n¿ΩmW {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS ta¬t\m´w \S-Øn-bn-

´p≈ B¿°n-sSIv‰v Iam≥≠¿ kt¥mjv tPmWns‚

A\p-̀ -h-k-º-Øv ]cn-K-Wn®v \n¿Ωm-W-{]-h¿Ø-\-

ß-fpsS ta¬t\m´w A-t±-lsØ Gev]n-°p-∂-Xn\p

tbmKw Xocp-am-\n-®p. \n¿±njvS πm≥ {]Imcw 75 e£w

cq]-bpsS FÃn-ta‰pw s]mXp-tbmKw AwKo-I-cn-®p.

2.5 ASn-ÿm\ inem-ÿm-]\w2007 sk]v‰w-_¿ 14-̨ mw XobXn …o_m-s]-cp-

\mƒ Znhkw CS-hI sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ A`n: tXmakv

tam¿ Xotam-Øn-tbmkv Xncp-a-\- p-sIm≠p hn. A©n-

t∑¬ Ip¿∫m-\-sb-Øp-S¿∂v ]pXp-°n-∏-Wn-bp∂

tZhm-e-b-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-ine ÿm]n-®p. Su¨

πm\nw-Kv, ̂ b¿ & tk v̂‰n, {Kma-]-©m-bØv XpS-ßnb

Imcym-e-bßfn¬ \n∂v, \n¿ΩmW A\p-aXn e`n-°p-

∂-Xn\v ]ns∂bpw \mev amk-°mew ImØn-cn-t°≠n

h∂p.

2.6 \n¿ΩmW Icm¿ te_¿ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬\n¿ΩmW kma-{Kn-I-fpsS KpW-ta∑ Dd-∏p-h-

cp-Øp-∂-Xn\pw, \n¿Ωm-W-^≠v kam-l-cn-°p∂

{IaØn¬ \n¿ΩmW tPmen-Iƒ \S-Øp-hm≥ kmh-

Imiw e`n-°p-sa∂-Xn-\mepw, \n¿ΩmW hkvXp-°ƒ

t\cn´p hmßn \n¿ΩmW Icm¿ te_¿ ASn-ÿm-\-

Øn¬ \¬Ip-∂-Xn\v ]≈n amt\-PnwKv IΩ-‰n-bpw

]≈n ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW Hm¿K-ss\-knwKv IΩ-‰n-bpw

kwbp‡ambn \evInb ip]¿i 2007 HIvtSm-_¿

28-̨ mw XobXn IqSnb s]mXp-tbmKw AwKo-I-cn-®p.

te_¿ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ \n¿ΩmW Icm¿

\¬Ip-∂-Xn\v ap{Z-h® sS≥U-dp-Iƒ £Wn®

]≈n amt\PnwKv IΩ-‰n-bpsS \S-]-Snbpw tbmKw

AwKo-I-cn®p.

]pXp°n ]Wn-bp∂ tZhm-e-b-Øns‚ inem-ÿm-]\ I¿Ωw CS-hI sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm

A`n-hμy tXmakv tam¿ Xotam-Øn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n \n¿Δ-ln-°p-∂p.

66

""temI kakvXm kpJnt\m `h¥p''

Rß-fpsS temIØv kqcy-\-kvX-an-°p-∂n-√. ImcWw Rß-fpsS tkh\w temIw apgp-h-\p-ap-≠v.

A£-c-\-K-c-amb tIm -́b-Øp-\n∂pw temI-\-K-c-ß-fnepw {Kma-{Km-am-¥-c-ß-fnepw tkh-\-߃ FØn-°p∂

Ad_v Ata-cn-°≥ FIvkv{] v aramexs‚ tkh\ ]¶m-fn-I-fmWv R߃.

{Sm°nwKv kuI-cy-tØm-Sp-Iq-Snb delivery details s‚ Bizmk ktμi߃

hnhm-lw, P∑-Zn\w XpS-ßnb {]tXyI Znh-k-ß-fn¬ AI-e-ß-fn¬ Bizm-khpw

kt¥m-jhpw ]I-cp∂ v̂fh¿ k¿Δokv ˛ kΩm-\-߃, Poh≥ c£m-a-cp-∂p-

Iƒ, [mc-W-]-{X-߃, F√m-sa√mw IrXy-k-a-bØv Xmc-X-ay-ß-fn-√mØ Cu

tkh-\-߃. kvt\l-tØmsS, kulr-Z-tØm-sS, hkp-ss[-I-Ip-Spw-_Iw

kμ¿in°q . . .

aramex - J. J. Communications

A`n-emjv Xob-‰-dn\v ]pd-Ip-h-iw,

M.L. Road, Kottayam-686 001

hnfn°q . . .

Ph: 0481-2568366, 257208, 3296923Fax: 91-481-2568366, Mobile:9446196073

sIm®n-̨ -tIm-́ bw˛sIm®n Daly door to door service, same day delivery 48 hoursdelivery at Dubai

J.J. WJ.J. WJ.J. WJ.J. WJ.J. World World World World World Wide Expresside Expresside Expresside Expresside ExpressKKKKKottayamottayamottayamottayamottayam

Domestic & International Courier / Cargo

67

2.7 knhn¬ F©n-\o-b-dpsS tkh\w\n¿±njvS πm≥ {]Imcw \n¿ΩmW {]h¿Ø-

\-߃ \S-Øp-∂-Xn\v tIm¨{Sm-IvS¿°v kmt¶-XnI

D]-tZiw \¬Ip-∂-Xn\pw Bh-iy-amb kv{SIvNd¬

Unssk≥ \evIp-∂-Xn\pw Hcp knhn¬ F©n-\o-b-

dpsS tkh\w {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\v ta¬hn-h-

cn® s]mXp-tbmKw Xocp-am-\n-®p. \n¿ΩmW Icm¿

\evIp-∂-Xn\,v ap{Zh® sS≥U-dp-I-fpsS kp£va]cn-

tim-[\ \S-Øp-∂-Xn\pw {]kvXpX F©n-\o-b-dpsS

tkh\w D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Ø-W-sa∂pw tbmKw Xocp-

am-\n-®p. ta¬ Xocp-am-\-{]-Imcw knhn¬ F©-n-\o-b¿

{io. kp\n¬ sI. -tPm -kns\ (M.E.Struct)I¨kƒ´‚ v F©n-\o-b¿ Bbn ]≈n amt\-PnwKv

IΩ‰n \ntbm-Kn-®p.

2.8 tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW Ãnb-dnwKv IΩ‰n2007 HIvtSm-_¿ 28-̨ mw XobXn IqSnb s]mXp-

tbmKw tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿Ωm-W-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´

Imcy-߃ k_v IΩ‰nIƒ hnfn®p Iq´n Btem-Nn-

°p-∂-Xn\v kabw e`n-°mØ ASn-b-¥nc kμ¿ -̀

ß-fn¬ s]s -́∂v Xocp-am-\-߃ FSpØp \S-∏m-°p-

∂-Xn\pw, s]mXp-tbm-K-Øns‚ AwKo-Im-c-Øn\p

hnt[-b-ambn I¿Ω ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ Bkp-{XWw sNbvXp

{]mh¿Øn-I-am-°p-∂-Xn-\pw, ta¬t\m´w hln-°p-∂-

Xn\pw, _lp. hnImcn sNb¿am-\mbpw P\-d¬

I¨ho-\¿, k_v IΩ‰n I¨ho\¿am¿, {SÃn, sk{I-

´dn F∂n-h¿ AwK-ß-fmbpw Hcp Ãnb-dnwKv IΩ‰n

cq]o-I-cn-®p. tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW {]h¿Ø-\-ß-

fpsS ka-kvX-ta-J-e-I-fn-se-bpw, I¿Ω-]-cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ

Imcy-£-a-ambpw Ip‰-a-‰-Xmbpw \S-∏m-°n, Cu alXv-

kw-cw`w e£y-{]m-]vXn-bn-se-Øn-°p-∂-Xn\v Ãnb-dnwKv

IΩ‰n AwK-߃ _lp. hnIm-cn-am-cpsS t\X-rXz-

Øn¬ ssZhm-{i-btØmsS ITn\{]bXv\w sNøp-I-

bp-≠mbn

2.9 \n¿ΩmW tPmen-Iƒ : Icm¿ Dd-∏n-°¬ap{Z-h® sS≥U-dp-Iƒ ]cn-tim-[n®v _‘-s∏´

IΩ-‰n-Iƒ \¬Inb ip]m¿i {]Imcw 2007 Unkw-

_¿ 9˛mw XobXn IqSnb s]mXp-tbmKw tZhm-eb

\n¿ΩmW ap≥]-cn-N-bw, sNbvXn-́ p≈ a‰p tIm¨{Sm-

Iv‰p -Iƒ, tIm¨{Io‰v tPmen-Iƒ°m-h-iy-amb

bt{¥m-]-I-c-W-ß-fp-sS-bpw a‰p kma-{Kn-I-fp-sSbpw DS-

a-ÿX, hnZ-KvZ-cmb sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS e`y-X, anX-amb

\nc-°v, I¨kƒ´‚ v knhn¬ F©n-\o-b-dpsS

ip]m¿i F∂nh IW-°n-se-SpØv tIm¨{Sm-IvS¿

{io. F. B¬-_¿´n\v (Im-cpWy I¨k-{S-£≥kv

sh≈q¿, ]mºm-Sn) te_¿ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ \n_-

‘-\-Iƒ°p hnt[-b-ambn \n¿Ωm-W-I-cm¿ \¬Ip-

∂-Xn\v AwKo-Imcw \¬In.

3 tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW{]h¿Ø-\-߃DZvLm-S\w2008 P\p-hcn amkw 18-̨ mw XobXn hn. ssZh-

am-Xm-hns‚ s]cp-\m-fn-t\m-S-\p-_-‘n®v ]cn-ip≤ F∏n-

kvtIm-∏¬ kq-∂l-tZmkv sk{I-́ dn A`n: tPmk v̂

am¿ {KntKm-dn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm Xncp-a-\- p-

sIm≠v tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW {]h¿Ø-\-߃

D-ZvLm-S\w sNbvXp. ]≈n-bpsS sh_vssk‰pw

A`n. Xncp-ta\n A∂p-Xs∂ DZvLm-S\w sNbvXp.

2008 s^{_p-hcn 3˛mw XobXn IqSnb ]≈n-

s∏m-Xp-tbmKw tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿Ωm-W-Øn-\m-h-iy-

amb \n¿Ωm-W-h-kvXp-°ƒ KpW-\n-e-hmcw Dd-∏m°n

Izt -́j≥/ sS≥U¿/ N¿® XpS-ßnb \S-]-Sn-I-fn¬

IqSn ]≈nbv°v G‰hpw em`-I-c-amb coXn-bn¬

hmßp∂Xn\v Ãnb-dnwKv IΩ-‰nsb Npa-X-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.

2008 s^{_p-hcn 15-˛mw XobXn \n¿ΩmW

{]h¿Ø\߃ Bcw-̀ n-®p.

4 \n¿ΩmW hkvXp-°-fpsS{Ibw

\n¿Ωm-W-Øn-\m-h-iy-amb KpW-\n-e-hmcw IqSnb

‰m‰/sshimJv XpS-ßnb {_m≥Up-IfpsS hnhn-[-Xcw

Iºn-Iƒ (TMT Bars) sX≈Iw amXm Ãoen¬\n∂pw

_‘-s∏´ Iº-\n-I-fpsS sIm®n-bm¿Uv \nc-°n¬

hn]-Wn-hne Bt]-£n-I-ambn Ipd™ kμ¿ -̀ß-

fn¬ hmßn tÃm°v sNbvXp. kna‚ v(i-¶¿ {_m≥Uv),

tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW DZvLm-S\w A`n-hμy tPmk^v tam¿ {KotKm-dn-tbmkv Xncp-a-\- p-sIm≠v \n¿Δ-ln-°p-∂p.

68

69

Nmcn-‰-_nƒ {SÃp-Iƒ°-\p-h-Zn-°p∂ {]tXyI samØ-

hne \nc-°n¬ C¥ym kna‚ vkv Iº-\n-bpsS

AwKoIrX samØ-hym-]mcn G‰p-am-\q¿ sh≈m-a‰w

GP≥ko-kn¬\n∂pw Bh-iym-\p-k-cWw hmßn.

KpW-ta-∑-tb-dnb ]pg aW-ens‚ hne h¿≤-\-hp-aqew

πmÃ-dnßv Hgn-®p≈ F√m \n¿Ωm-Wm-h-iy-߃°pw

G‰hpw sa®-s∏´ t]m_vk¨ {_m≥Uv M sand(I-cn-¶¬ s]mSn®v Igp-In-sb-Sp-°p∂ aW¬) Iº-\n-

bpsS \n›nX \nc-°nepw CjvSn-I-bpw, sa‰-epw.

Izt´-j≥ ASn-ÿm-\-Ønepw Bh-iym-\p-k-cWw

hmßn.

5 tZhm-eb]p\¿\n¿ΩmW°Ω‰nhn]p-eo-I-c-Ww2008 G{]n¬ 13-̨ mw XobXn IqSnb ]≈ns∏mXp-

tbmKw tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW IΩ‰n hn]p-eq-I-

cn-®p.

tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW ]ptcm-K-Xn°v A\p-

k-c-W-ambn \ne-hn-ep≈ tZhm-ebw `m-Kn-I-amtbm

apgp-h-\mtbm s]mfn®p \o°w sNøp-∂-Xn\v s]mXp-

tbmKw A\p-aXn \¬In.

6 hnImcn 2008 Pq¨ amkØn¬ _lp: B≥{Uqkv Nnc-

h-Ødb®≥ ]≈n hnIm-cn-bmbn Npa-X-e-tb‰p. _lp:

A®s‚ anI-hp‰ t\XrXzhpw, Dd® \ne-]m-SpIfpw

\n¿Ωm-W-{]-h¿Ø\-߃ kpK-a-am-°n.

7 \n¿Ωm-W-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃XS- -s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥Ip’n-X-{iawtZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW {]h¿Ø-\-߃

Bcw-̀ n®v tIhew \mep amk-Øn-\p-≈n¬ ^ut≠-

j≥, s_bvkvsa‚ v \n¿ΩmWw ]q¿Øn-bm°n tZhm-

e-b-Øns‚ Adp-]-Xn¬]cw XqWp-Iƒ 13 ASn

Db¿Øn ]≈n-bpsS ]Sn-™m-dp-hiw _m¬°-Wnbpw

\mS-I-im-e-bpsS ta¬Ø´pw tIm¨{Io‰v sNøp-∂-

Xn\v km[n-®p. \n¿ΩmW {]h¿Ø-\-߃ {ZpX-K-Xn-

bn¬ ]ptcm-K-an-®p-hcth Cu ]≈n-bnt∑¬ bmsXmcp-

Ah-Im-i-hp-an-√mØ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`m t\XrXzw

2008 Pq¨ 23-̨ mw XobXn G‰p-am-\q¿ ap≥kn v̂ tImS-

Xn-bn¬ apS-¥≥ hmZ-߃ D∂-bn®v A\ymbw

^b¬sNbvXv [ OS No. 130/2008] \n¿Ωm-W-{]-h¿Ø-

\-߃ “tÔ sNøn°p-∂-Xn\v \S-Ønb Ip’n-X-

{iaw Cu CS-h-Ibv°v Hcn-°epw hnkva-cn-°m-hp-∂-

X-√. t\Xr-\n-c-bnse ka-tbm-Nn-X-amb \S--]-Sn-Iƒ

sIm≠pw CS-h-Imw-K-ß-fpsS {]m¿∞-\-sIm≠pw

bph-P\ß-ƒ ssIøpw saøpw ad-∂v Atlm-cm{Xw

AXy≤zm\w sNbvXXp sIm≠pw AUz. s_∂n

Ipcy≥, AUz. jmP-lm≥ F∂n-h-cpsS {]iw-k-\o-

b-amb {]h¿Ø-\-߃sIm≠pw {]i-kvX-\pw,

{]K-¤\pw, k`m-tI-kp-Iƒ ssIImcyw sNøp-∂-Xn¬

hnZ-KvZ-\p-amb ko\n-b¿ A`n-̀ mjI≥ {io.-]n.-hn.-tXm-

akv kXymh-ÿ-Iƒ _lp-am -\-s∏´ tImSXn

apºmsI ka¿∞-ambn t_m[n-∏n-®-Xp-sIm-≠pw,

k¿tΔm-]cn k¿Δ-i‡-\mb ssZh-Øns‚ Af-h-‰

Ir]-sIm≠pw A\ymbw X≈n-s°m≠v CS-h-

Ibv°v A\p-Iq-e-ambn 2008 Pqsse amkw

11-˛mw XobXn G‰p-am-\q¿ ap≥kn^v tImS-Xn-

bpsS hn[n-bp-≠m-bn. kXy-Øn-s‚bpw \oXn-bp-

sSbpw hnPbw CS-hm-Iw-K-ß-fpsS a\- n¬ Bizm-

k-Øns‚ Ipfn¿ ag s]øn®p.

8 ]pØ≥ DW¿Δvta¬ kw`hw CS-h-Imw-K-߃°v ]pØ≥

DW¿Δpw, Bth-ihpw {]Zm\w sNbvXp. \n¿Ωm-W-

{]-h¿Ø-\-߃ ]q¿Δm-[nIw thK-X-bn¬ \S-Øp-

∂-Xn\pw kmº-ØnI kam-l-cWw Du¿÷n-X-s∏-Sp-

Øp-∂-Xn\pw CXv Hcp \nan-Ø-am-bn.

9 ]pXp-°nb FÃvta‰v /CS-h-Imw-K-ß-fpsShmKvZm\w, B\p-]m-Xn-I-ambn ]pXp-°¬\n¿ΩmW kma-{Kn-IfpsS (Iºn, kna‚ v XpS-

ßnbhbpsS) hne h¿≤-\hv aqehpw, KpW-\n-e-hmcw

IqSnb a‰p \n¿ΩmW kma-{Kn-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°m≥

Xocp-a-\n-®-XpsIm≠pw 2006 PqWn¬ s]mXp-tbmKw

AwKoI-cn® FÃn-ta-‰n-s\-°mƒ 35% h¿≤-\hv IW-

°n-se-SpØv CS-h-Imw-K-ß-fpsS hmKvZm\w B\p-]m-

Xn-I-ambn h¿≤n-∏n-°p-hm≥ 2008 Pqsse 6˛mw XobXn

IqSnb s]mXp-tbmKw Xocp-am-\n-®p. Cu Bh-iy-Øn-

te°v hnIm-cn- _lp:B≥{Uqkv Nnc-h-Ød A®s‚

t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW IΩ‰n

AwK-߃ F√m CS-hI `h-\-ß-fpw 2008

Pqssebn¬ kμ¿in-®p.

70

Ip∂p-amw-sXm-´n-bn¬

GP≥kokv

kw{Im¥n

sI.-F-kv. Imen-Øo-‰, tImgn-Øo-‰,tÃj-\-dn, ]e-N-c-°v,

t_°dn apX-em-bh am¿Pn≥{^o \nc-°n¬ e`n-°p-∂p.

s{]mss{]-‰¿

kv‰o^≥ Fw.-‰n., Xpcp-Øn-°m v́

Mob: 9961066116

71

10 hy‡n-hmbv] FSp-°p-∂-Xn\v A\p-hmZw\n¿Ωm-W-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS thKX A\p-k-

cn®v F√m CS-h-Imw-K-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw -]p-\¿\n¿ΩmW

^≠n-te-°p≈ hnlnXw e`n -°phm≥ h∂

ImeXmakw aqew D≠mb kmº-ØnI sRcp°w

adn-I-S-°p-∂-Xn\v CS-h-Imw-K-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw a‰v A`yp-

Zb Imw£n-I-fn¬ \n∂pw _m¶v \nc-°n¬ ]eni

\¬In Bh-iy-amb XpI hmbv] FSp-°p-∂-Xn\v 2008

Pqsse 6˛mw XobXn IqSnb s]mXptbmKw Ãnb-dnwKv

IΩ-‰nsb Npa-X-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.

11 ta¬°qc \n¿ΩmWw\n¿±njvS πm≥ {]Imcw tZhm-e-b-Øns‚

ta¬°q-c-bpsS Ão¬ N´-°qSv \n¿Ω-°p-∂-Xn\v

\¬Inb sS≠¿ t\m´o-kn≥{]-Imcw e`n® sS≠-dp-

Iƒ _‘-s∏´ IΩ-‰n-Iƒ hni-Z-ambn ]cn-tim-[n®p.

G‰hpw Ipd™ \nc°v Bh-iy-s∏´ Xncp-hm-¶pfw

a‰-∏-≈n¬ Ão¬ ^m{_n-t°-j\v Ah-cpsS Zo¿L-

Ime {]h¿Ø\ ]cn-N-b-hpw, henb ]≈n-I-fp-sS

kv‰o¬ {S v \n¿ΩmW ]mS-hhpw ]cn-K-Wn®v _‘-

s∏´ IΩ-‰n-I-fp-w knhn¬ F©n-\o-bdpw \¬Inb

ip]m¿i-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ 2008 Pqsse 6˛mw

XobXn IqSnb s]mXp-tbmK Xocp-am-\-{]-Imcw Icm¿

\¬In.

Icm¿ \n_-‘-\-Iƒ°p hnt[-b-ambpw \n¿±n-jvS-

Un-ssk≥ A\p-k-cn®pw Ão¬ AtXm-dn‰n Hm^v

C≥Uy-bpsS SAIL am¿°v Ão¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®p-Xs∂

Icm-dp-Im-c≥ \n›nX ka-b-Øn-\p-≈n¬ Ão¬{S v

\n¿ΩmWw ]q¿Øn-bm-°n. \n¿ΩmW thf-bn¬

B¿°nsSIv‰vv ]cn-tim-[-\-\-SØn, kmt¶-XnI anIhv

Dd∏p hcpØn. Ãnb-dnwKv IΩ-‰n-bw-K-߃ _lp

hnIm-cn-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ tIm¨{Sm-IvS-dpsS Xncp-

hm-¶p-f-Øp≈ ÿm]-\-Øn¬ ]cn-tim-[\ \SØn D]-

tbm-Kn® Ãoen-s‚ KpW-\n-e-hmchpw, \n¿ΩmW coXn-

bp-sS anIhpw Dd-∏m-°n.

2008 sk]v‰-_¿ 24-̨ mw XobXn _p[-\mgvN _lp:

hnIm-cn-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ {]m¿∞-\-sb-Xp-S¿∂v

tZhm-e-b-Øns‚ ta¬°qc Ib-‰p∂ tPmen-Iƒ Bcw-

`n-®p. CS-h-Imw-K-߃ Blvfm-Z-tØmsS Cu NS-ßn¬

]s¶-sS-Øp. 4 ZnhkwsIm≠v Cu tPmen-Iƒ ]q¿Øn-

bm°n.

12 dq v̂ jo‰vImtem-Nn-X-amb Km¬hm-enbw dq v̂ jo‰p-I-fn¬

G‰hpw sa®-s∏-´-sX∂v B¿°n-sSIv‰pw knhn¬

F©o-\n-bdpw Hcp t]mse ip]m¿i sNbvX If¿

dq v̂ C≥Uym-I-º-\n-bpsS (CRIL) 0.5mm jo‰v Xs∂

hmßp-∂-Xn\v Iº-\n-bpsS am¿°-‰nwKv amt\-P-cp-ambn

]e {]mhiyw IqSn-bm-tem-N\ \SØn, t{]mPIvSv

hne°p (am¿°‰v hne-tb-°mƒ hfsc Ipd™ \nc-

°n¬ Iº\n A\p-h-Zn-°p∂ {]tXy-I-hne) 496

kvIzb¿ ao‰¿ jo‰p-hm-ßp-∂-Xn\v 10-̨ 10-̨ 2008 ¬ Iº-

\n°v Hm¿U¿ \¬In. tÃm°p ]cn-an-Xn-aqew jo‰p

e`n-°p-∂-Xn\v 3 BgvNsØ Ime-Xm-akw t\cn-´p.

HIvtSm-_¿ Ah-km\w e`n® jo‰v, \hw-_¿ amk-

Øn¬ Xs∂ ta¬°qc \n¿Ωm-W- I-cm-dp-Im-cs‚ hnZ-

Kv[-cmb sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ 4 Znh-kw-sIm≠p ta™p.

13 ].-]m-{Xn-b¿°okv_mhm-bpsS Bio¿hmZw2008 HIvtSm-_¿ amkw 22-̨ mw XobXn tamtdm≥

tam¿ C·m-Øn-tbmkv kmJm sFhmkv H∂m-a≥

]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mh Xs‚ 4˛mw ss«lnI kμ¿i\

thf-bn¬ ]pØ≥Ipcniv ]m{Xn-b¿°m sk‚-dn¬

h®v Cu ]≈n-bpsS {][m\ t{XmtWm-kn¬ ÿm]n-

°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ine Bio¿h-Zn®v hnImcn _lp.

B≥{Uqkv Nnc-h-Ød A®s\ Gev]n-°p-I-bp-≠m-

bn. \n¿Ωm-W-Øn-ep≈ tZhm-e-b-Øns‚ {Xnam-\-

Nn{Xw ]cn-ip≤ ]m{Xo-b¿°o-kv_mhm ho£n-°p-I-

bpw, tZhm-eb \n¿ΩmWw F{XbpwthKw ]q¿Øo-

I-cn-°p-hm≥ A\p-{K-ln-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]: F∏n-

kvtIm-∏¬ kpl-∂-tZmkv sk{I-´dn A`n-hμy

tPmk v̂ am¿ {KotKm-dn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\nbpw X±-h-

k-c-Øn¬ k∂n-ln-X-\m-bn-cp-∂p. Cu [\y aplq¿Ø-

Øn¬ kw_-‘n® ]≈n amt\-PnwKv IΩ‰n AwK-

ß-sfbpw Ãnb-dnwKv IΩ‰n AwK-ß-sfbpw B≤ym-

]cn. ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm t{XmtWm-kn¬ÿm]n°p∂-Xn-\p≈ ine Bio¿h-Zn-°p-∂p.

72

73

flnI kwL-S\m {]Xn-\n-[nI-sfbpw ]cn-ip≤ _mhm

Bio¿h-Zn®v A\p-{K-ln-®p. .

14 I´n-f-hbv]v]pXnb tZhm-e-b-Øns‚ {][m\ I´nf 2008

\hw-_¿ 9˛mw XobXn hnip≤ Ip¿∫m-\°v tijw

knwlm-k\ ]≈n-I-fpsS sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ A`n-hμy

Koh¿Kokv am¿ Znh-∂ym--tkymkv Xncp-a-\- p- sIm≠p

Bio¿h-Zn®v ÿm]n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. CS-h-Imw-K-߃

H∂-S¶w Cu NS-ßn¬ D’h {]Xo-Xn-tbmsS kw_-

‘n-®p.

tZhm-e-b-Øns‚ ap≥h-i-Øp≈ I´n-f-Ifpw P\-

ep-Ifpw tX°p-X-Sn-bn¬ sImØp-]Wn sNbvXv \n¿Ωn-

®p. hS°p sX°p-h-i-ß-fnse I´n-f-I-fpw, P\-ep-Ifpw

aZv_-lm-bpsS Np‰p-ap≈ P\-ep-Ifpw \n¿Ωn-°p-∂-

Xn\v B™n-en-ØSn D]-tbm-Kn-®p. ap≥h-i-Øp≈

I´n-f-Iƒ°v tX°v B¿®p-Ifpw _m°n F√m I´n-f-

Iƒ°pw, P\-ep-Iƒ°pw, tIm¨{Io‰v B¿®p-Ifpw

D-d-∏n-®p.

tX°p I´n-f-Iƒ te_¿ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬

kw{Im¥n sk‚ v tXmakv Snwt_-gvkn-epw, B™nen

I´n-f-I-fpw, P\-ep-Ifpw te_¿ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ IpS-

am-fq¿ s_Ãv hpUvknepw anX-amb \nc-°n¬ `wKn-

bmbn \n¿Ωn-®p. CXn\mh-iy-amb Iq∏v tX°v ]md-

ºpg Kh: Snw_¿ Unt∏m-bn¬\n∂v \n›nX \nc-°n-

epw, B™nen DcpƒXSn sNdp-InS hym]m-cn-bn¬

\n∂v Unt∏m- \n-c-°nepw Ipd-™-hn-ebv°pw hmßn.

tIm¨{Io‰v B¿®p-I-fpw, `nØn-bpsS apIƒ`m-KØv

Dd-∏n-°p-hm-\p≈ tIm¨{Io‰v P\-ep-Ifpw sh‚n-te-

‰-dp-Ifpw Izt -́j≥ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ KpW-ta∑ Dd-

∏p-h-cpØn Ipdn®n kmPvtIm F≥Pn-\o-b-dnwKv

h¿Ivkn¬\n∂pw hmßn.

15 \ne-hn-ep≈ aZv_lm\o°w sNø¬

\n¿ΩmW {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS ]ptcm-K-Xn°v

A\p-kr-X-ambn \ne-hn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ tZhm-e-bhpw

2008 \hw-_-dn¬ hnip≤ aZv_lmbpw s]mfn®p am‰-

s∏-´p. {]tXyI {]m¿∞-\-I-tfmsS _lp. hnIm-cn-

bpsS km∂n-≤y-Øn¬ hn. _en-]oTw \o°w sNbvXv

]pXnb aZv_-lm-bpsS ÿm\Øv ]mZ-kv]¿i-

ta¬°mØ ÿeØv `{Z-ambn \nt£-]n-®p.

]pXnb aZ v -_lm-bpsS tIm¨{Io‰ v

ta¬°qcbpsS \n¿ΩmWw 2008 Unkw-_¿ amk-

Øn¬ {InkvXp-a- n\p apºmbn ]q¿Øn-bm-°n,

ta¬°q-c-bpsS tae-{KØv Ipcnip ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn\v

ssZh-ln-X-am-bn.

16 Xm¬°m-enI IqZmi`mKn-I-ambn \n¿ΩmWw ]q¿Øn-bm-°nb tZhm-

e-b-Øns‚ aZv_-lm-bn¬ Xm¬°m-enI _en-]oTw

\n¿Ωn®v 2009 P\p-hcn 11-̨ mw XobXn Rmb-dmgvN CS-

hI sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm A`n. tXmakv am¿ Xotam-Øn-

tbmkv Xncp-a-\- p-sIm-≠v Xm¬°menI IqZmi

\n¿h-ln-®v Znhy-_en A¿∏n-®p. P\p-hcn 15-̨ mw XobXn

hn. ssZh-am-Xm-hns‚ hnØp-Isf {]Xn-bp≈ s]cp-

∂mƒ Znh-khpw XpS¿∂p≈ Bdv Rmb-dm-gvN-I-fnepw

G{]n¬ amk-Øn¬ lmim BgvN-bnepw sk]v‰w-_-

dn¬ F´p-t\m-ºnepw Cu aZv_-lm-bn¬ Bcm-[\ \S-

Øn.

17 `nØn-\n¿ΩmWw ta≥a-bp≈ 54,000 CjvSnI 2009 s^{_p-h-cn,

am¿®v amk-ß-fn-embn {io.-Fw.-G. tZhkym amS-t»-

{]m¿∞-\-tbmsS hn. _en-]oTw _lp. hnImcnbpsSt\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ \o°w sNøp-∂p.

A`n. Koh¿Kokv tam¿ Zoh-∂ym-tkymkv Xncp-ta\n{][m\ I´nf Bio¿h-Zn-°p-∂p.

74

75

cn-bn¬ \n∂pw Izt -́j≥ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ hmßn.

2009 s^{_p-hcn 17-̨ mw XobXn ̀ nØn-\n¿ΩmWw Bcw-

`n-®p. \ne-hn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ tZhm-e-b-Øns‚ sa®-s∏´

CjvSn-Ifpw \n¿Ωm-W-Øn\v D]-tbm-Kn®p aZv_-lm-

bpsS ̀ nØn \n¿Ωm-W-Øn\v tIm¨{Io‰v I -́Iƒ D]-

tbm-Kn-®p. I´n-f-I-fpw, P\-ep-Ifpw sh≥-dn-te-‰-dp-I-fpw,

Dd-∏n-®v, 2009 am¿®v Ah-km-\-tØmsS lmim

BgvNbv°p apºmbnØs∂ `nØn-\n¿ΩmWw

]q¿Øn-bm-°n.

18 Bcm-[\, ]co-jvlm-fn¬]≈n-bpsSπmÃ-dnw-Kv, Ce-Iv{Sn-°¬ tPmen-Iƒ,

koenwKv XpS-ßnb \n¿ΩmW {]h¿Ø-\-߃ kpK-

a-ambn \S-Øp-∂-Xn\v 2009 Pq¨ 15 apX¬ hn.

Ip¿_m\ A¿∏n-°p-∂Xpw a‰p F√m ip{iq-

j-Iƒ \S-Øp-∂Xpw ]mcojv lmfn¬ Bcw-

`n-®p.

19 πmÃ-dnwKvBKÃv amkw ]Ip-Xn-tbmsS apJ-hmcw

Hgn®p≈ πmÃ-dnwKv tPmen-Iƒ ]q¿Øn-bm-

bn. πmÃ-dnw-Kn\v ta∑-tb-dnb ]pg-a-W¬,

Izt -́j≥ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ samØ hym]mcn

{io B‚Wn I√-d-bn¬ \n∂pw hmßn.

20 kl-hn-Imcn2009 Pq¨ amkw 7˛mw XobXn _lp:

Ipcym-t°mkv πmº-d-ºn¬ A®≥ kl-hn-Im-cn-bmbn

Npa-X-e-tb-‰p. 2009 BKÃv 2˛mw XobXn IqSnb s]mXp-

tbmKw _lp. A®s\ tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW°-

Ω-‰n sshkv sNb¿am-\mbn sXc-s™-Sp-Øp.

21 tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmWkvac-WnI

2009 BKÃv amkw 23-̨ mw XobXn IqSnb s]mXp-

tbmKw tZhm-eb IqZm-ibpw s]cp-∂mƒ BtLm-

jhpw 2010 P\p-hcn 3 apX¬ 15 hsc hn]p-e-amb

]cn-]m-Sn-I-tfmsS \S-Øp-∂-Xn\pw IqZm-i-tbm-S-\p-_-

‘n® tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW kvac-WnI {]kn-≤o-

I-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw Xocp-am-\n-®p. kvac-WnI Xøm-dm-°p-

∂-Xn\v ]_vfn-kn‰n I¨ho-\-¿ aßm-́ p-Im-em-bn¬ {io.-

Fw.-]n.-Ip-cym-t°m-kns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ FUn-t‰m-dn-

b¬ t_m¿Uv cq]o-I-cn-®p. Ãob-dnwKv IΩ‰n D]-tZ-

iI kanXn Bbn {]h¿Øn-°-W-sa∂pw s]mXp-

tbmKw \njvI¿jn-®p.

22 apJ-hm-c-Øn¬ …o_mDb¿Ø¬

2009 sk]v‰-_¿ 14-̨ mw XobXn …o_m s]cp-∂mƒ

Znhkw apJ-hm-c-Øns‚ tae-{K-Øn¬ …o_m ÿm-

]n-°p-∂-Xn\v ssZh-Ir-]-bp-≠m-bn. kl-hn-Im-cn. _:

Ipdn-bm-t°mkv πmº-d-ºn¬ A®≥ hn. Ip¿∫-\sb

XpS¿∂v {]m¿∞-\-]q¿Δw Cu I¿Ωw \n¿Δ-ln-®p.

hf-sc-b-[nIw CS-h-Imw-K-߃ Cu NS-ß-n¬ BÀm-

Z-tØmsS kw_-‘n-®p.

\hw-_-¿ amk-tØmsS apJ-hmcØns‚ πmÃ-dnßv

tPmen-Iƒ ]q¿Øn-bmbn.

23 Ce-Iv{Sn-°¬ tPmen-Iƒ`nØn-bpsS πmÃ-dn-ßv \S-Øp∂ ka-b-Øp-Xs∂

hb-dnßv kw_-‘-amb tPmen-Ifpw I¨kƒ´‚ v

Ce-Iv{Sn-°¬ F©n-\o-b¿ s{]m^: ]n.-hn. h¿°n-bpsS

M.Sc.Engg. (sk‚ v tPmk v̂ F≥Pn-\o-b-dnwKv

tImtfPv ]mem) ta¬t\m-́ -Øn-epw, At±-l-Øns‚

cq]-tc-J-b-\p-k-cn-®pw Bcw-̀ n-®p. KpW-\n-e-hm-c-ap≈

]n.-hn.kn ss]∏p-Iƒ Izt -́j≥ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-epw,

KpW-ta-∑bv°p {]kn≤amb ̂ ot\m-seIvkv {_m≥Uv

76

77

tI_n-fp-Iƒ Iº\n A\p-h-Zn® {]tXyI \nc-°nepw

hmßn. kzn®v, tkm°-‰v, t_mIvkv, t_m¿Uv XpS-ßnb

kma-{Kn-Iƒ°v Legrand, Crab Tree, ABB, MKXpSßnb {]apJ {_m≥Up-I-fpsS Izt -́j≥ hmßn,

_‘-s∏´ Iº-\n-I-fpsS skbn¬kv amt\-P¿am-cp-

ambn N¿® sNbvXv a’-c-kz-̀ m-h-ap≈ \nc-°p-Iƒ

]pXp°n hmßn. G‰hpw BI¿jI-I-amb {]tXyI

\nc°v (am¿°‰v hne-tb-°mƒ 55% Ipd-hv) A\p-h-

Zn® Legrand mosaic modular kzn®pIfpw a‰p

Dev]-∂-ßfpw Iº-\n-bpsS AwKo-IrX Uoe¿ apdn-

bm-\n-°¬ {_tZgvkv tIm´bw aptJ\ hmßn.

sse‰p-Iƒ, ^m≥kn ^n‰n-ßvIƒ, koen-ßv̂ m≥,

Ae-¶m-c-hn-f-°p-Iƒ XpS-ßn-bh Izt -́j≥ ASn-ÿm-

\-Øn¬ Fd-Wm-Ip-fw, tIm -́bw, Nß-\m-t»cn XpS-

ßnb \K-c-ß-fnse {]apJ Uoe¿am-cn¬\n∂pw

hmßn.

CS-h-Imw-K-ß-fmb {io tam≥kn kv°dnb ]≈n-

∏p-dw, {io. -]n. -Fw. amXyp ]gq¿, {io. -tPm¿÷v

G{_lmw sIm√-∏≈nbn¬ F∂n-h¿ ]≈n-bpsS Ce-

Iv{Sn-°¬ tPmen-Iƒ kuP-\y-ambn sNbvXp-sIm-≈m-

sa-∂v \¬Inb hmKvZm\w 24/5/2009¬ IqSnb s]mXp-

tbmKw kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw Ce-{Sn-°¬ tPmen-Iƒ Izt -́

j≥ £Wn-°msX Ah¿°p \¬Ip-∂-Xn\v A\p-

hmZw \¬IpIbpw sNbvXp. KWy-amb te_¿

Nm¿÷v hcp-am-bn-cp∂ _rlØmb hb-dnßv tPmen-

Iƒ Ce-Iv{Sn-°¬ FPn-\o-b-dpsS ta¬t\m-´-Øn¬

ta¬hn-h-cn® CS-hImKw߃ bmsXmcp {]Xn-̂ -ehpw

kzoI-cn-°msX hfsc `wKn-bmbn \n¿Δ-ln-®p.

CSn-an-∂¬ {]Xn-tcm[ kwhn-[m\w G¿s∏-Sp-Øp-

∂-Xn\v Izt´-j≥ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Icm¿ \¬In.

Icm-dp-Im-c≥ (ap-I-tf¬ Ce-Iv{Sn-°¬kv tIm -́bw).

Ce-Iv{Sn-°¬ FPn-\o-b-dpsS ta¬ t\m -́Øn¬ Cu

tPmen kmt¶-XnI anI-thmsS ]q¿Øn-bm°n.

24 koenßv2009 sk]v‰w-_-dn¬ Xs∂ B[p-\nI coXn-bn-ep≈

]n.-hn.kn koenßv Imtem-Nn-X-ambn \n¿Ωn-°p-∂-Xn\v

{iaw Bcw-`n -®p. ]n. -hn.kn bn¬ G‰hpw \√

{_m≥Umb kn‚Ivkv jo‰v Xs∂ D]-tbm-Kn®v _e-

h-Ømb Pn.-sF. s{^bn-an¬ B¿®v tamU¬ koenßv

\n¿Ωn-°p-∂-Xn\v e`n® Izt -́j-\p-I-fn¬ Nß-\m-t»cn

]b-\n-b¿ Aeq-an-\nbw h¿°vkns‚ Izt -́j≥ \nc-

°p-sIm≠pw {]h¿Ø\ ]cn-Nbw sIm≠pw hfsc

BI¿j-I-am-bn-cp-∂p. aW¿ImSv sk‚ v tacokv

bmt°m-_mb kpdn-bm\n IØo-{U¬, ]pXp-∏≈n

sk‚ v tPm¿÷v bmt°m-_mb kpdn-bm\n∏≈n, G‰p-

am-\q¿ {InkvXp-cmPv ]≈n XpS-ßnb At\Iw {]i-

kvX tZhm-b-ß-fpsS koenßv tPmen-Iƒ hfsc ̀ wKn-

bmbn \n¿Δ-ln® ]b-\n -b¿ Aeq -an -\nbw

h¿°vkns‚ s{]mss{]-‰-dp-ambn Ãnb-dnwßv IΩ-‰n-

bw-K-߃ _:hnIm-cn-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ IqSn-bm-tem-

N-\-Iƒ \S-Øn, \nc-°p-Iƒ ho≠pw Ipd®v 13-̨ 09-̨ 2009

se kwbp‡ IΩ‰n Xocp-am\w {]Imcw Icm¿

\¬In. knhn¬ FPo-\n-b-dpsS ta¬t\m -́Øn¬ Icm-

dp-Im-c≥ \n_-‘-\-Iƒ°p hnt[-b-ambn koen-ßv

\n¿ΩmWw hfsc at\m-l-c-ambn \n›nX ka-b-Øn-

\p-≈n¬ ]q¿Øn-bm-°n.-

25 ^vtfmdnßv\mS-I-im-e-bn-epw, hcm-¥-bnepw Agn-°-IØpw

KpW-ta-∑-tb-dnb {_u¨ {Kmss\‰v …m_p-I-fpw,

aZv_-l-mbn-epw, {]mIm-c-Øns‚ `nØn-tbmSp tN¿∂v

HcSn hoXn-bnepw {_u¨ {Kmss\‰v ssSep-I-fpw,

_m¬°-Wn-bn¬ kndm-anIvkv ssSep-Ifpw hncn-°p-

∂-Xn\v _‘-s∏´ IΩ-‰n-I-fpsS ip]m¿i 2009 \hw-

_¿ 15˛mw XobXn IqSnb s]mXp-tbmKw AwKo-I-cn-

®p. tIm´bw, Fd-Wm-Ipfw \K-c-ß-fnse {]apJ

Uoe¿am-cn¬ \n∂pw e`n® Izt´-j-\p-I-fpsS ASn-

ÿm-\-Øn¬ Ãnb-dnwßv IΩ‰n AwK-߃ _lp:

hnIm-cn-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ _‘-s∏´ tjmdq-ap-Iƒ

kμ¿in®v kmºn-fp-Iƒ ]cn-tim-[n-®p. KpW-\n-e-hm-

c-ap≈ ta∑-tb-dnb …m_p-Iƒ, G‰hpw Ipd™ hne,

Bh-iy-Øn-\p≈ tÃm°v, hne-sIm-SpØp Xo¿°p-∂-

Xn-\p≈ kmh-Imiw F∂nh ]cn-K-Wn®v ap´p-Nnd

tdmb¬ am¿_nƒkv & {Kmss\-‰vkn¬ \n∂pw Bh-

iy-amb {Kmss\‰v …m_pw ssSepw kndm-anIv ssSepw

hmßn. Ãnb-dnwKv IΩ‰n AwK-߃ {]kvXpX

ÿm]-\-hp-ambn IqSn-bm-tem-Nn®v \n›-bn® {]tXyI

\nc-°n¬ ÿm]-\-Ønse hnZ-Kv[-cmb sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ

\hw-_¿ 17-̨ mw XobXn ]Wn-Iƒ Bcw-̀ n-®p. GI-tZiw

]Xn-\-t©mfw sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ cm]I¬ tPmen-sNbvXv

2010 P\p-hcn 7˛mw XobXntbmsS v̂tfmdnßv tPmen-

Iƒ at\m-l-c-ambn ]q¿Øn-bm-°n.

26 aZv_-lm-bnseAe--¶m-c-∏-Wn-Iƒ

aZv_-lm-bpsS ta¬Ø-´nse Ae-¶m-c-∏-Wn-Iƒ

2009 BKÃv amk-tØmsS tIm¨{Sm -I vS¿

{io B¬_¿´n-s‚ Npa-X-e-bn¬ ]q¿Øn-bm-°n-sb-

¶nepw aZv_-lm-bpsS XqWpI-fp-sSbpw B¿®p-I-fp-

sSbpw Ae-¶m-c-∏-Wn-Iƒ hnZ-KvZ-\mb as‰mcp

tIm¨{Sm-IvS-dpsS kuI-cym¿∞w \hw-_¿ amk-Øn-

78

79

tebv°p \o´n-h-®p. {]i-kvX-\mb tIm¨{Sm-IvS¿ {io.

km_phns‚ (FdWmIpfw) Npa-X-e-bn¬ aZv_-lm-

bpsS Ahti-jn® Ae-¶m-c-∏-Wn-Iƒ Icm¿ ASn-

ÿm-\-Øn¬ \hw-_¿, Unkw-_¿ amk-ß-fn-embn

hfsc at\m-l-c-ambn ]q¿Øo-I-cn-®p. 2010 P\p-hcn

BZy BgvN-bn¬ Ae-¶m-c-∏-Wn-I-fpsS {]tXyI

s]bn‚nwßv {io hnt\mZv Fd-Wm-Ip-f-Øns‚

ta¬t\m-́ -Øn¬ \n¿Δ-ln-®p.

27 IXIv/P\¬]m-fn-IƒtZhm-e-b-Øns‚ F√m IX-Ip-Ifpw P\¬]m-fn-

I-fpsS s{^bnapw KpW-ta-∑bp≈ tX°p-sIm≠v

\n¿Ωn-®p. `nØn-bpsS apIƒ `mKsØ tIm¨{Io‰p

P\-ep-Iƒ°v s]uU¿ tIm´Uv Aeq-an-\nbw s{^bnw

D]-tbm-Kn-®p. P\-ep-Iƒ°v 4 Fw. Fw. sπb≥

•m pw, I´nf/ P\¬ B¿®p-I-fnepw sh‚n-te-‰-dp-I-

fnepw t{^mÃv •m pw Dd-∏n-®p.

F√m IX-Ip-Ifpw \n¿±njvS Unssk≥ A\p-k-

cn®v Icm¿ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ kw{Im¥n sk‚ v

tXmakv Snw_¿ am¿´pw P\¬ s{^bn-ap-Iƒ te_¿

ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ IpS-am-fq¿ s_Ãv hpUvkpw

tIm¨{Io‰v P\-ep-I-fpsS Aep-an-\nbw s{^bn-ap-Iƒ

tIm´bw Ipt∂¬ Aep-an-\nbw h¿°vkpambn

N¿® \SØn \n›-bn® \nc-°nepw at\m-l-c-ambn

\n¿Ωn-®p.

28 t{XmtWmkv \n¿ΩmWw2009 \hw-_¿ 4˛mw XobXn _p[-\mg vN

t{XmtWmkpIƒ \n¿Ωn°p∂ `‡n \n¿`-c-amb

I¿Ωw _lp: sshZn-I-cpsS t\Xr-Xz-Ønepw B¿°n-

sS-Iv‰ns‚ km∂n-≤y-Ønepw \S-Ø-s∏-́ p. CS-h-Imw-

K-߃ {]m¿∞-\-tbmsS Cu NS-ßn¬ kw_-‘n-®p.

{][m\ t{XmW-kn-s‚bpw Ccphi-ß-fnse t{XmW-

kp-I-fp-sSbpw \n¿ΩmWw D®bv°v Hcp aWnbv°v

Bcw-̀ n®v CS-ap-dn--bmsX XpS¿∂v shIp-t∂cw Bdp-a-

Wn°p apºmbn ]q¿Øn-bm-°n. Cu I¿Ω-Øn\v

{]tXyIw \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏´ I¬∏-Wn-°m-cpw, klm-

bn-Ifpw A∂p cmhnse as‰mcp tPmenbpw sNømsX

hnip-≤n-tbm-Spw, hrX-tØm-Spw-IqSn Cu NS-ßn¬

kw_-‘n-®p.

29 I¬°p-cniv2009 BKÃv 23-̨ mw XobXn IqSnb s]mXp-tbm-K-

Xo-cp-am-\-{]-Imcw 17 ASn-s]m-°-ap-≈Xpw 6 sÃ∏pI-

tfmSp IqSn-bXpw F´p ]´hp-ap≈ I¬°p-cniv ÿm]n-

°p-∂-Xn\v ]mem-bnse {]apJ I¬°p-cnip \n¿am-

W-°m-cn¬\n-∂pw, I¬°p-cniv \n¿Ωm-W-Øns‚

{]apJ tI{μ-amb Xangv\m-́ nse am¿Øm-WvU-Øp≈

{]ivkvX-cmb tIm¨{Sm-IvS¿am-cn¬ \n∂pw \nc-°p-

Iƒ tiJ-cn-®p \n¿±njvS Af-hn≥ {]Im-c-ap≈

I¬°p-cn-ins‚ kmºn-fp-Iƒ _lp: hnIm-cn-bpsS

t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ Ãnb-dnßv IΩ-‰n-b-Kw-߃ ]mem-bn-

ep≈ Aa-tem-¤h tÃm¨ h¿Ivkv tjmdq-an¬

t\cn´v I≠v t_m≤y-s∏-´v am¿Øm-WvUsØ \nc-

°n\p Xpey-amb hne-bv°v Icm¿ Dd-∏n-®p.

2009 \hw-º¿ amk-Øn¬ e£-W-samØ at\m-

l-c-amb I¿°p-cniv ]≈n-ap-‰Øp ÿm]n-®p. \ne-hn-

ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ Ipcn-in≥ sXm´n-bn¬ ÿm]n-®n-cp∂

am¿ Iuam ]nXm-hns‚ Xncp-ti-jn-∏v, hnImcn _lp:

B≥{Uqkv Nnc-h-Ød A®≥ ]pXnb Ipcn-in≥

sXm´n-bn¬ 2009 \hw-º¿ 21˛mw XobXn am‰n ÿm]n-

®p. Iv\m\mb AXn `{Zm-k\ dm∂n taJe sa{Xm-

t∏m-eoØm A`n-hμy Ipcym-t°mkv am¿ Chm-\n-

tbmkv Xncp-a-\- p-sIm-≠v, I¬°p-cn-ins‚ IqZmi

t{XmtWmkv \n¿ΩmWw Hcp Zriyw

_lp. hnImcn t{XmtWmkv \n¿ΩmWØn\v Bcw`w Ipdn-°p∂p

80

81

I¿Ωw 2009 Unkw-_¿ 27˛mw XobXn \n¿hln®p. CS-

h-Imw-K-ß-fmb {io aØm-bn-]p-d-tØ-́ pw, {io Ipcym-

t°mkv Cu∏≥ Icn -∏mepw kwbp -‡-ambn

kvt]m¨k¿ sNbvXv t\¿®-bmbn ka¿∏n-®-XmWv

Cu I¬°p-cn-iv.

30 •m v h¿°vtIc-f-Ønse {]i-kvX-amb ]e ]≈n-I-fp-tSbpw

•mkv h¿°v sNbvXn-´p≈ Xr»q¿ apb-e≥ kndm-

anIvkv ]m¿ v́\¿ {io kndn-ep-ambn ]e-X-hW _lp:

hn-ImcnbpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ Ãob-dnwKv IΩ‰n AwK-

߃ IqSn-bm-tem-N\ \SØn ÿm]-\-Øns‚ \n-›nX

\nc-°n¬ Xmsg hnh-cn-°p∂ {]hr-Øn-Iƒ°p 2009

\hw-_¿ 17˛mw XobXn AUzm≥kv \¬In Icm¿ Dd-

∏n-®p.

1. Cd-°p-aXn sNbvX KpW-\n-e-hmcw IqSnb

If¿•m- n¬ hn. ssZh-am-Xm-hns‚ Nn{Xhpw ]cn-ip-

≤m-flm-hns‚ {]Xo-Ihpw \n¿Ωn-°p-I.(hn-ip≤

aZv_lm-bn¬ ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn-\v)

2. ta¬hn-h-cn® C\w If¿ •m v apdn®v cq]-s∏-Sp-

Ønb sNdnb Ij-W-߃ D]-tbm-Kn®v ].-ssZh

amXm-hns‚bpw hnip≤ bqlm-t\m≥ amwtZm-\m-bp-

sSbpw hn:Koh¿§okv kl-Zm-bp-sSbpw sams °v

Nn{X-߃ \n¿Ωn®v apJ-hm-c-Ønepw AtX Nn{X-

ßfpsS sNdn-b sskkv aZv_-lm-bpsS Ing-°p-h-

iØpw ÿm]n-°pI.

3. {]kvXpX If¿ •m n¬ tZhm-e-b-Øn\v A\p-

tbm-Pyhpw {]Xo-Im-fl-I-hp-amb Nn{X-߃ \n¿Ωn®v

apJ-hm-c-Øn-s‚bpw SΔdp-I-fp-sSbpw P\-ep-I-fpsS

ÿm\Øv Dd-∏n-°p-I.

ka-b-]-cn-anXnbpw kmº-ØnI sRcp-°hpw

aqew tZhm-eb IqZmi°p ap≥]mbn 1˛mw C\-

Øn¬s]´ Nn{X-߃ am{X-amWv ÿm]n-°p-hm≥ Ign-

™-Xv. 2011 P\p-h-cn-bn¬ hnip≤ ssZh-am-Xm-hns‚

s]cp-\m-fn\p apºmbn _m°n F√m Nn{X-ßfpw

ÿm]n-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-sa∂v {]Xo-£n-°p-∂p.

31 s]bn‚nßvs]bn‚nwßv tPmen-Iƒ te_¿ ASn-ÿm-\-

Øn¬ \S-Øp-∂-Xn\v 2009 BKÃv amk-Øn¬ Izt -́

j≥ £Wn-®p. G‰hpw Ipd™ \nc°v Bh-iy-s∏´

tIm¨{Sm-IvS¿ A\n-b-∏≥, Nß-\m-t»cn, hf-sc-b-

[nIw ]≈n-IfpsS s]bn‚nwKv tPmen-Iƒ \S-Øn-bn-

´p-≈-Xp-sIm≠pw Npcp-ßnb ka-b-Øn-\p-≈n¬ ]Wn-

Xo¿°p-∂-Xn\v Bh-iy-amb ]cn-Nb kº-∂-cmb

sXmgn-em-fn -I-fpsS e`y-Xbpw apJ-hm-c-Øns‚

apIƒ`mKw hsc s]bn‚nwKv sNøp-∂-Xn-\p≈ k÷o-

I-c-Wfpw Dd-∏m°nb-Xp-sIm≠v {]kvXpX tIm¨{Sm-

IvS¿°v, \nc-°p-Iƒ ho≠pw Ipd®v Icm¿ \¬In.

BKÃv amkw Xs∂ sh≈ kna‚ v ]qin.

s\scm-em-°v, Gjy≥s]-bn‚ vkv, UyqeIvkv

XpS-ßnb {]apJ s]bn‚ v Iº-\n-I-fn¬ \n∂pw e`n®

Izt´ -j≥ {]Imcw _‘-s∏´ Iº-\n -I -fpsS

skbn¬kv amt\-P¿am-cp-ambn shtΔsd N¿®Iƒ

\SØn a’c kz`m-h-ap≈ \nc-°p-Iƒ ho≠pw

]pXp°n hmßn. G‰hpw BI¿j-I-amb {]tXyI

\nc°v (am¿°‰v hne-tb-°mƒ 30% Ipd-hv) A\p-h-

Zn® sF.kn.-sF C≥Uym enan-‰Uv Iº-\n-bpsS

UypeIvkv s]bn‚pw, ss{]adpw, Fa¬j\pw ]pdw-

`nØn-bn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°m-\p≈ {]tXyI Dev]-∂-

ßfpw Iº\n-bpsS AwKo-IrX Uoe¿ If-Øp-∏-Sn-

bv°¬ t{SbvtU-gvkv aptJ\ hmßn. 2010 P\p-hcn

BZy BgvN-tbmsS s]bn‚nw-ßv, t]mfo-jnßv tPmen-

Iƒ at\m-l-c-ambn ]q¿Øn-bm-°n.

32 s{Ubn-t\PvtZhm-e-b-Øns‚ ta¬°q-c-bn¬ hogp∂ ag-

sh≈w s{Ubn-t\Pv ss]∏p-I-fn¬ IqSn Xmtgbv°v

Hgp°n ap‰Øp hogp∂ ag-sh-≈-tØm-sSm∏w ap‰-

Øn\v ASn-bn-embn \n¿Ωn® henb HmSbn¬ IqSn

]≈n-hI hb-en¬ Hgp-°p∂ s{Ubn-t\Pv kwhn-

[m\w te_¿ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ k÷-am-°n.

33 em≥Uv kvs°bn-∏nßv95 temdn temUv aÆv Cd°n ]≈n ap‰w ka-\n-

c-∏m°n tdmUv tdmf¿ D]-tbm-Kn®v Dd-∏n-®v, 3000

Iyq_nIv ASn 1/2” sa‰¬ hncn®v `wKn-bm-°n. ap‰-

Øn\p ]Sn-™mdp hiw A¿≤-hr-Øm-Ir-Xn-bn-epw,

hS-°p-hiw 2 ASn hoXn-bnepw sX°p-hiw 5 ASn

hoXn-bnepw ]p¬Ø-InSn \n¿Ωn-®pw, CS-hn v́ sNdnb

A`n-hμy Ipdn-bm-t°mkv tam¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv Xncp-ta\nI¬°p-cniv IqZmi sNøp∂p

82

83

sNSn-Iƒ \´pw, ]≈n-ap-‰sØ InW-dn\p cq]-̀ wKn hcp-

Øn-bpw, ]cn-k-c-Zriyw \b-\m-\-μ-I-c-am-°n. 2009 \hw-

_¿ ]Ip-Xn-tbmsS Bcw-̀ n® Cu tPmen-Iƒ 2010 P\p-

hcn BZy-hm-c-Øn¬ ]q¿Øn-bm-bn.

]p¬Ø-InSn \n¿Ωm-W-Øn-\m-h-iy-amb sImdn-

b≥ {Km pw, _^t√m {Km pw sNSn-Ifpw CS-h-Imw-

K-amb {io ]n.-Fw. jmPn ]\-t®-a‰w kvt]m¨k¿

sNøpIbpw ]p¬Ø-InSn at\m-l-c-ambn cq]-I-ev]\

sNbvXv \n¿Ωn-°p-∂-Xn\v At±lw ta¬t\m´w hln-

°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

34 a‰p \n¿ΩmW{]h¿Ø-\-߃

tZhm-eb IqZm-i°v sXm´p-ap≥]mbn Ah-ti-

jn® \n¿ΩmW tPmen-Iƒ F√mw-Xs∂ ]q¿Øn-

bm°n. ]pXnb tZhm-e-b-Øn\v A\p-tbm-Py-amb

]pXnb ssa°vsk‰v k÷o-I-cn®pw Ib-‰p-]m-tb-°mƒ

KpW-ta∑ IqSnb t]mfn-s{]m-∏-sse≥ Im¿s∏‰v ]≈n-

b--IØv hncn®pw P\p-hcn 9˛mw Xob-Xn-tbmsS aqtdm≥

A`n-tjI IqZm-i-°mbn tZhm-e-bhpw CS-h-Ibpw Hcp-

ßn.

35 t\¿® kma-{Kn-Iƒ]pXp°n∏WnX tZhm-e-b-Øn¬ Bcm-[-\-bv°m-

h-iy-amb kma-{Kn-Iƒ, Xnc-»oe, t{XmtWm-knse

Ipcniv, sagp-Ip-Xn-cn-°m-ep-Iƒ, NntØm-e, hnip≤

aZv_-lm-bn¬ ÿm]n-°p-hm-\p≈ ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-

hns‚ {]Xo-Im-flI Nn{Xhpw aZv_-lm-bpsS {][m\

B¿®n\p apI-fn¬ ÿm]n-°p-hm-\p≈ ]cn-ip≤

ssZh-am-Xm-hns‚ Nn{Xhpw (C-d-°p-a-Xn-sNbvX If¿

•mkn¬ \n¿Ωn-®-Xv) Ccp-h-i-ß-fn-sebpw B¿®p-

Iƒ°p-ap-I-fn-ep≈ hnip≤ bqlm-t\m≥ amwtZm\-

bp-sS-bpw, hnip≤ Koh¿§okv kl-Zm-bp-sSbpw If¿

•mkv Nn{X-߃. Gh≥tKen-tbm≥ tai, {]kwK

]oTw,\a-kvImc tai, amtΩm-ZokmsØm´n, Xq°phn-

f-°v, Ae¶mc hnf-°p-Iƒ, ]≈n-b-IsØ `WvUm-

cw, ^m≥, Syq_v sse‰p-Iƒ XpS-ßn-bh CS-h-Imw-K-

߃ t\¿®-Im-gvN-bmbn ka¿∏n-®p. (enÃv A\y-{X).

tZhm-e-b-Øns‚ {][m-\-hm-Xn¬, GXm\pw P\-

ep-Iƒ, apJ-hm-c-Øn-epw, aZv_-lm-bpsS Ing°p

hiØpw ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ hnip≤ ssZh-am-Xm-

hn-s‚-bpw, Imh¬]n-Xm-°-∑m-cp-sS-bpw, samssk°v

•mkv Nn{X-߃ F∂n-hbpw CS-h-Imw-K-߃

kvt]m¨k¿ sNbvX-Xm-Wv. (enÃv A\y-{X)

36 ]p\¿\n¿ΩmWw]q¿Øn-bm-°nbtZhm-ebw:Hcp {ZpX ho£Ww

36.1 aZv_lm\ne-hn-ep-≠mbn-cp∂ aZv_-lm-bpsS amXr-I-

bn¬ aq∂v B¿®p-I-tfmSp IqSnbXmWv hnkvXm-c-

ap≈ ]pXnb aZv_-lm. Agn-°-IØp \n∂pw aZv_-

lm-bn-te°p Ggp \S-Iƒ D≠v. ]≈n-bIØv GXp

`mK-Øp-\n-∂mepw hnip-≤-Ip¿∫m\ A¿∏n-°p-∂Xv

Zriy-am-Ip∂ hn[-Øn-emWv a-Zvl_lm-bpsS {Iao-

I-cWw. {][m\ t{XmWkv hnip≤ ssZh-am-Xm-hns‚

\ma-Øn-epw, hS-°p-h-isØ t{XmtWmkv hnip≤

bqlmt\m≥ amwtZm-\-bpsS \ma-Øn-epw, sX°p

hisØ t{XmtWmkv hnip≤ Koh¿§okv

kl-Z-mbpsS \ma-Øn-ep-amWv ÿm]n-X-am-bn-́ p-≈-Xv.

aZv_-lm-bpsS ]m¿izß-fn-embn hepXpw sNdp-Xp-

amb c≠p apdn-Iƒ hoX-ap≠v Ccp-h-i-Øpw c≠p

henb P\-ep-Ifpw \mep sNdnb P\ep-Ifpw aZv_-

lm-bn¬ aXn-bmb hmbphpw shfn-®hpw e`n-°p∂

coXn-bn¬ {Iao-I-cn-®n-cn-°p∂p.

aZv_-lm-bpsS tIm¨{Io‰v ta¬Ø v́ _mc¬

thmƒ v́ amXr-I-bnemWv \n¿Ωn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. AXn\p

apI-fn-embn tIm¨{Io‰v ta¬°q-cbpw ta¬°q-

cbv°p apI-fn¬ Ipcnipw ÿm]n-®n-cn -°p-∂p.

ta¬°q-c-bpsS Db-c-°q-Sp-X¬ ]cn-K-Wn®v {]i-kvX-

amb e^m¿Pv dq^nMv C≥Uym-°-º-\n -bpsS

tIm¨{Io‰v HmSp-Iƒ (Cu¿∏w hen-°m-Ø-h-bpw, DS-

bm-Ø-h-bpw) Iº-\n-bn¬ \n∂p t\cn´p hmßn, Iº-

\n-bpsS hnZKvZ sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ te_¿ ASn-ÿm-\-

Øn¬ ta™n-cn-°p-∂p.

inev]-̀ w-Kn-bp≈ XqWp-I-fn-tebpw B¿®p-I-

84

85

fn-tebpw ta¬Ø-´p-I-fn-tebpw Ae-¶m-c-∏-Wn-Iƒ

aZv_-lm-bpsS at\m-lm-cn-Xbv°p am‰p-Iq-́ p-∂p. Bk-

∂-̀ m-hn-bn¬ _kvIp-Znim IqSn \n¿Ωn®v aZv_lm

IqSp-X¬ at\m-l-c-am-°p-hm≥ km[n-°s´sb∂p

{]m¿∞n-°p-∂p.

aZv_-lm-bpsS ]pdw-`n-Øn-I-fpsS Xd \nc∏v

hsc cq]-`w-Kn-bp≈ _mw•q¿ ine-Iƒ ]Xn-∏n-®n-

cn°p∂p. Ing°phiw ]cn-ip≤ ssZh-am-Xm-hn-s‚-bpw

Imh¬]n-Xm-°-∑m-cpsSbpw samssk°v •mkv Nn{X-

ß-fpsS amXr-I-Iƒ sIm≠pw a‰p Nn{X-∏-Wn-Iƒ

sIm≠pw Aew-Ir-X-am-Wv.

36.2 Agn-bv°Iwa≤y-̀ mKw A¿≤-hr-Øm-Ir-Xn-bp-≈Xpw 13 ASn

hoXn-bp-≈Xpamb Agn-bv°-IØn\v A\p-tbm-Py-amb

cq]-`w-Kn-bp≈ sdbn-enßv ta∑-tb-dnb tX°n¬

kw{Im¥n sk‚ v tXmakv ^¿Wn-®¿ am¿ v́ anX-amb

\nc-°n¬ \n¿Ωn-®p.

36.3 _m¬°Wn{]mIm-c-Øn\v hS°p sX°p hi-ß-fn¬ 4 ASn hoXn-

bn-epw, ]Sn-™m-dp-hiw a≤y-̀ m-KØv 18 ASn hoXn-

bnepw AI-h-f-hp≈ _m¬°Wn \n¿Ωn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

Ae-¶m-c-∏-Wn-Iƒ D≈ ]mc-s∏‰pw at\m-l-c-amb

Ão¬ sdbn-enwßpw _m¬°-Wn-bpsS `wKn h¿≤n-

∏n-°p-∂p. _m¬°-Wn-bp-sSbpw sÃb¿sI-bn-kn-

s‚bpw Ão¬ sdbvenwßv \n¿±njvS tKPpw t{KUpw

Dd-∏m°n Izt´-j≥ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ tIm´bw

kzkvXnIv Ão¬ h¿°vkv \n¿Ωn-®p.

36.4 {]mImcwAgnbv°Iw Dƒs∏sS {]mIm-c-Øn\v 94 ASn

\ofhpw 40 ASn hoXn-bp-ap≠v. ̀ wKn-bp≈ koen-ßpw,

_m¬°-Wnbpw Agn-°Iw sdbn-enßpw ̂ m≥kn-̂ n-

‰nw-Kp-Ifpw Ae-¶-c-hn-f-°pIfpw, t]mfn-s{]m-∏-sse≥

Im¿∏-‰pw, ]≈n-b-Iw- a-t\m-l-c-am-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

36.5 hcm¥{]mIm-c-Øn\p shfn-bn-embn Ccp-h-iØpw 7

ASn hoXn-bp≈ hcm-¥bpw inev]-̀ w-Kn-bp≈ XqWp-

Ifpw tZhm-e -b-Øns‚ ÿe kuI-cyhpw

Zriy`wKnbpw h¿≤n-∏n-®n-́ p-≠v. hcm-¥-bnse ta¬Ø-

´n¬ ImÃv Ab¨ {Kn√pIƒ Dd-∏n®v, sjbvUp-I-

fn¬ sNdnb HmSp-Iƒ ]Xn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv tZhm-e-

bw IqSp-X¬ at\m-l-c-am-°p-∂p.

36.6 \mS-I-imeinev]-̀ w-Kn-bp≈ XqWp-I-fn≥ta¬ Hmh¬ BIr-Xn-

bn¬ \n¿Ωn-®n-́ p-≈ cq]-̀ w-Kn-bp≈ \mS-I-im-e-bpsS

hS-°p-hiØp ]cn-ip≤-ssZ-h-am-Xm-hn-s‚bpw sX°p-

h-iØp ]cn-ip≤]cp-ae Xncp-ta-\n-bp-sSbpw a≤y-

ÿ-X-bn¬ GXp ka-bØpw {]m¿∞n°p-∂-Xn-\p≈

ÿe kuIcyhpw k÷o-I-c-W-ßfpw G¿s∏-Sp-Øn-

bn-cn-°p-∂Xv hmkvXp Ie-bpsS anI-hm-Wv. \mS-I-im-

e-bpsS cq]-̀ -w-Kn-bp≈ Xpd- mb ta¬Ø-́ n¬, ImÃv,

Ab¨ {Kn√pIƒ Dd-∏n®v Ia-\o-b-am-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

36.7 apJ-hmcw85 ASn Db-c-ap≈ apJ-hm-c-Øns‚ tae-{KØv

ÿm]n-®n-´p≈ …o_mbpsS Xmsg-bmbn ]m{Xo-

b¿°m Fwªw at\m-l-c-ambn Nn{Xo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

aZv_-lm-bpsS Ccp-h-i-ß-fnepw c≠p tKm]p-c-ßfpw

Bdv kvXq]-ß-fp-ap-≠v. tKm]p-c-ß-fpsS tIm¨{Io‰v

ta¬°q-cbn¬ tIm¨{Io‰v HmSp-Iƒ ]Xn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-

∂p. sÃbn≥Uv •mkv Nn{X-ßfpw ]cn-ip≤ ssZh-

am -Xm -hn -s‚-bpw, Imh¬]n -Xm -°-∑m -cp -sSbpw

samssk°v •mkv Nn{X-ßfpsS amXr-I-Ifpw a‰p Nn{X-

∏-Wn-Ifpw sIm≠v apJ-hmcw Ia-\o-b-am-Wv.

37 a\p-jy-\m¬ Akm-≤y-am-bXvssZh-Øm¬ km-≤y-w2008 P\p-h-cn-bn¬ ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW {]h¿Ø-

\-߃ Bcw-̀ n®v A`w-Kpcw XpS¿∂v tIhew c≠p

h¿j-Øn-\p-≈n¬ Cu ssZhn-I-]-≤Xn hnP-b-I-c-ambn

]q¿Øn-bm-°p-hm≥ km[n-®Xv CS-h-Imw-K-ß-fpsS

\nc-¥-c-amb {]m¿∞-\-bpsSbpw ITn-\m-≤zm-\-Øn-

s‚bpw ^e-ambpw k¿tΔm-]cn k¿Δ-i-‡-\mb

ssZh-Øns‚ Af-h‰ Ir] H∂p-sIm≠pw am{X-am-

Wv. ]cn-ip≤ ssZh-am-Xm-hnt‚bpw kIe ]cn-ip-≤-

∑m-cp-sSbpw, ip≤n-a-Xn-I-fpsSbpw a≤y-ÿX e£y-

{]m-]vXn-bn¬ FØp-∂-Xn\v CS-h-Ibv°v XpW-bmbn.

86

87

38 hnip≤ aqtdm≥A`n-tjI IqZmi

2010 P\p-hcn 10,11 Xob-Xn-I-fn¬ t{ijvT ImtXm-

en°m _t -en-tbmkv tXmakv {]Y-a≥ _mhm-bpsS

{][m\ Im¿Ωn-I-Xz-Ønepw CS-hI sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ

A`n-hμy tXmakv am¿ Xotam-Øn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-

bp-sSbpw, a‰p A`n-h-μy -sa-{X-t∏m-eoØamcp-sSbpw

kl-Im¿Ωn-I-Xz-Ønepw Cu tZhm-e-b-Øns‚

aqtdm≥ A`n-tjI IqZmi \S-Ø-s∏-́ [\y aplq¿Ø-

߃ Cu ]≈n-bpsS Ncn{X GSp-I-fn¬ X¶ en]n-

Ifn¬ Bte-J\w sNøs∏-S-pw. CS-h-Imw-K-ßsf

kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw BÀm-Z-Øn-s‚bpw A`n-am-\-

Øn-s‚bpw ssZh-Xn-cp-ap-ºm-sI-bp≈ ka¿∏-W-Øn-

s‚bpw ka-b-am-Wn-Xv.

]cn-ip≤ ]m-{Xo-b¿°okv _mh Bio¿h-Zn®

inebpw, (P-\phcn 3˛mw XobXn ]pØ≥Ip-cn-

inse ]m{Xo-b¿°okv sk‚-dn-¬ \n∂pw hnfw-

_c tLmj-bm-{X-bmbn hnhn[ tZhm-e-b-ßfn¬

IqSn {]bmWw sNbvXv ]≈n-bn¬ FØn-®-Xv.)

\mfn-Xp-h-sc-bp≈ eLp-Ncn{Xw Bte-J\w

sNbvX sNºp XInSv AS°w sNbvX shf-fn-

s®∏pw {][m\ t{XmtWm-kn¬ hnip≤ aqtdm≥

IqZm-i-tbm-S-\p-_-‘n®v ÿm]n-®n-́ p≠v. \ne-

hn-ep-≠mbncp∂ t{XmtWmkv \o°w sNbvX-

t∏mƒ e`n® sh≈n-s®-∏pw, (Ip-¥n-cn-°-hpw,

kpK-‘-{Z-hy-ßfpw AS-ßn-b-X)v. CtXm-sSm∏w

\nt£-]n-®p.

(hn. aqtdm≥ A`n-tjI IqZmi kw_-‘n®

hni-Z-amb dnt∏m¿´p A\-{X)

39 tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW^≠v kam-l-cWw''Fs‚ Be-b-Øn¬ Blmcw D≠m-tI≠-

Xn\v \n߃ Zimwiw apgp-h\pw `WvUm-c-Øn-

te°p sIm≠p-h-cp-hn≥. Rm≥ \n߃°v BImi-

Øns‚ Infn-hm-Xn-ep-Isf Xpd∂v, ÿew t]mcmsX

hcp-thmfw \nß-fpsS ta¬ A\p-{Klw ]I-cp-I-

bn-√tbm?” (aemJn 3:10)

39.1 CS-hImwK-߃ hnln-X-ambn \¬In-bXv2006 am¿®v, G{]n¬ amk-ß-fn¬ hnImcn hμy

G{_lmw tImsd∏nkvtIm∏m tImX-tI-cn¬,

kl:hnImcn Znhw-K-X-\mb sNdn-bm≥ tIm´-bn¬

A®≥ F∂n-hcpsS t\XrXz -Øn¬ tZhm-eb

]p\¿\n¿ΩmW IΩ-‰n AwK-߃ CS-h-I-bnse F√m

`h-\-ßfpw kμ¿in-®p. tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿amW

^≠n-te-°p≈ hmKvZm\w kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw CS-h-Imw-

K-߃ \¬Inb hnlnXw kam-l-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

2008 Pqsse-bnepw 2009 am¿®v, G{]n¬

amkßfnepw hnImcn _lp: B≥{Uqkv Nnc-h-Ød

A®s‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW

IΩ‰nbwK-߃ CS-hIbnse apgp-h≥ `h-\-߃

kμ¿in®v \n¿ΩmWs®e-hn-ep-≠mb h¿≤-\-hn-\-\p-

kr-X-ambn hmKvZm\ hnlnXw ]pXp°n ^≠v kam-

l-cWw \SØn .

2008 Pq¨ apX¬ amt\-PnwKv IΩ‰n AwK-߃

_‘-s∏´ hm¿Up-I-fnse `h-\-߃ XpS¿®-bmbn

kμ¿in®v ^≠v kam-l-cWw XpS¿]≤-Xn-bm-°n.

\nc-h[n CS-h-Imw-K-߃ ]≈n B^o-kn¬ hmKvZm\

hnlnXw Xh-W-I-fmbn AS-®p.

B\p-]m-XnI hnln-Xtam, hy‡n hmbv]tbm

e`n-°m-Xn-cp∂ Npcp°w Nne CS-h-Imw-K-ß-fpsS ̀ h-

\-߃ _lp: hnIm-cn-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ Ãnb-dnwKv

IΩ‰nbwK-߃ 2009 Pq¨ amk-Øn-¬ kμ¿in-®p.

2009 HIvtSm-_¿, \hw-_¿ amk-ß-fn¬ _lp:

hnImcn/ kl: hnIm-cn-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ IΩ-‰n-

bw-K-߃ CS-h-I-bnse an°-hmdpw `h-\-߃ Hcn-

°¬ IqSn kμ¿in-®p.

CS-h-Imw-K-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw 30˛11˛2010 hsc 6037227

cq]m tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW ^≠n-te°v kw`m-

h-\-bmbn e`n®p. (enÃv A\-{X) 250 ¬ ]cw CS-hI

`h-\-߃ am{X-ap≈ Cu sNdnb CS-h-I-bn-¬ \n∂pw

KWy-amb XpI kam-l-cn-°p-hm≥ km[n-®Xv CS-h-

Imw-K-ß-fpsS Ie-h-d-bn-√mØ kl-I-cWw H∂p-

sIm≠p am{X-am-Wv.

39.2 ^≠v kam-l-cWw, CS-h-Ibv°vshfn-bn¬ \n∂vCS-h-Imw-K-ß-fpsS ASpØ _‘p-°-fn¬

\n∂pw a‰p A`yp-ZbImw£n-I-fn¬ \n∂pw kmº-

ØnI klmbw A`y¿∞n®p sIm≠p≈ _lp:

hnIm-cn-bpsS IØv CS-h-Ibv°p shfn-bp≈ A™q-

dn¬∏cw hy‡n-Iƒ°v X]m-enepw, t\cn´pw FØn-

°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. _‘p-P-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw a‰p A`yp-

Z-Imw-£n-I-fn¬ \n∂pw 17,36,865 cq]m kam-l-cn-°p-

hm≥ Ign-™p. (enÃv A\y-{X).

t{ijvT ImtXm-en°m _mh-mbp-sSbpw A`n-

hμy CS-h-I-sa-{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø-mbp-sSbpw Iev]-\-tbmSp

IqSnb tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW ^≠n-te°v kmº-

ØnI klmbw A`y¿∞n-®p- sIm-≠p≈ A`y¿∞\

(t{_mj¿) tIm´-bw, I≠-\m-Sv, sIm®n, A¶-amen

88

89

`{Zm-k-\-ß-fnse {]apJ tZhm-e-b-߃ kμ¿in®v

\¬Ip-I-bp-≠m-bn. aW¿ImSv sk‚ v tacokv bmt°m-

_mb kpdn-bm\n IØo-{U-en¬ \n∂pw KWy-amb

kmº-ØnI klmbw (Hcp e£w cq]) e`n-®p. a‰p

`{Zm-k-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw tImX-aw-Kew am¿tØm-Ω≥

]≈n 25000 cq]bpw Icn-ßn-®nd sk‚ v tPm¿Pv ]≈n

]Xn-\m-bncw cq]bpw \¬Ip-I-bp-≠m-bn.

A`n-hμy sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-am-¿, _lp: sshZn-

I¿ F∂n-h-cn¬ \n∂pw, Bflob kwL-S-\-I-fn¬

\n∂pw 163731 cq] kw`m-h\ Bbn e`n-®p. (enÃv

A\y-{X)

39.3 Iq∏¨ ]ncnhv]cn-ip≤ C·m-Øn-tbmkv Gen-bmkv {Xn{Xo-

b≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mh-bpsS I_-dn-S-Øn-te°p

hS-°≥ taJ-e-bn¬ \n∂pw bm{X-Xn-cn-°p∂ Xo¿∞m-

S-I¿ 2008epw 2009 epw bm{Xm-at≤y Cu ]≈n-bn¬

hn{i-an-®-t∏mƒ Hcp \√ hn`mKw Xo¿∞m-S-I-cn¬

\n∂pw “tZhm-e-b-]p-\¿\n¿ΩmW ^≠v” Iq∏¨

]ncn-hn-eqsS 93300 cq] kam-l-cn-°p-I-bp-≠mbn

CXn¬ 25000 cq]m tImX-aw-Kew am¿tØm-Ω≥ ]≈n

{SÃn {io. Ipcymt°m-kns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ B ]≈n

CS-h-Imw-K-߃ \¬In-b-Xm-Wv.

39.4 _\n-̂ n‰v kvIow]c-kv]c klm-b-Øn-eqsS Bhiyamb kμ¿ -̀

ß-fn¬ \n›nX XpI KpW-t`m-‡m-°ƒ°v e`y-am-

°p∂ _\n-̂ n‰vv kvIow 2007 sk]v‰w-_¿ apX¬ Bcw-

`n®p. kvIoan¬ AwK-ß-fmb CS-h-Imw-K-߃°v Cu

]≤Xn hfsc D]-Im-c-{]-Z-am-Wv. ss^\m≥kv I¨ho-

\¿ Icn-∏m¬ {io.-sI.-sI.-sF-∏ns‚ t\Xr-Xz-

Ønepw Npa-X-e-bnepw Cu ]≤Xn hfsc

Imcy-£-a-ambpw kphy-h-ÿn-X-ambpw \S-Øn-

h-cp-∂p.

Cu ]≤-Xn-bn¬ \n∂pw \mfn-Xp-hsc 2

e£w cq]m tZhm-e-b-]p-\¿\n¿ΩmW ^≠n-

te°p kam-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn\p km[n-®p. ]≤Xn

]q¿Øn-bm-Ip-tºmƒ c≠pe£w cq]m IqSn

tZhm-e-b-]p-\¿\n¿ΩmW ^≠n-te°v e`y-am-

Ip-∂-Xm-Wv.

39.5 ]≈n-h-cp-am\w2006˛07 apX¬ ]≈n-bpsS ssZ\w-Zn\

sNe-hp-I-fn¬ kmº-ØnI A®-S°w ]men®v

6,97,000 cq]m tZhm-e-b-]p-\¿\n¿ΩmW ̂ ≠n-

te°v kzcq-]n-°p-∂-Xn\v km[n-®p.

39.6 hy‡n-hmbv]s]mXp-tbmK \n›-b-{]-Imcw Icm¿, \n_-‘-

\-Iƒ°p hnt[-b-ambn CS-h-Imw-K-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw

29,30,000 cq]-bpw, a‰p A`yp-ZbImw£n-I-fn¬ \n∂pw

7,60,000 cq]bpw hy‡n-hm-bv]-bmbn kam-l-cn-®p.

kz¿Æw ]Wbw h®pw 3,00,000 cq]m CS-h-Imw-K-߃

hmbv]-bmbn \evIn. (enÃv A\y-{X).-

39.7 {]tXyI amk-hcn ]≤Xnhy‡n-hm-bv]-Iƒ F{Xbpw thKw XncnsI

\¬IpI F∂ Dt±-i-e-£y-tØmsS Htcm CS-h-I`h-

\-Øn¬ \n∂pw IpSpw_mw-K-ß-fpsS kmº-ØnI

ÿnXn°v A\p-kr-X-ambn, {]Xn -amkw cq]m

1000,800,600,400,200,100/˛ F∂o {Ia-Øn¬ 25 amkw

sIm≠v 25 e£w cq]m kam-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ {]tXy-

I-am-k-hcn ]≤Xn 2010 am¿®v 21˛mw XobXn IqSnb

s]mXp-tbm-K-Xo-cp-am-\-{]-Imcw 2010 Pq¨ apX¬ \S-

∏m-°n-h-cp-∂p. 30˛11˛2010 hsc Cu ]≤-Xn-{]-Imcw

3,28,900 cq] e`n-®p.

40 tZhm-eb]p\¿\n¿ΩmW hchpsNehp IW°v8000N: ASn hnkvXo¿Æ-ap≈ Cu ]cnip≤

tZhm-e-b-Øns‚ \n¿ΩmWs®ehp 135, 65,000 cq]-

bmWv. tIm¨{Sm-IvS¿am¿°pw ÿm]-\߃°pw,

C\nbpw sImSpØp Xo¿°p-hm≥ D≈ 6,35,000 cq]m

IqSn ]≈n-bpsS km-º-ØnI _m≤y-X-bmbn IW--

°m°n BsI \n¿ΩmWs®e-hv 142 e£w- cq-]-bmWv

60.37

20.36

29.3

7.6

6.97 3

2

3.29

3.06.93

XpI e£-Øn¬ ( )

hchv

90

Best compliments from:

F√m-hn[ Aep-an-\n-bw, Ão¬, πmÃnIv

]m{X-ßfpw {]k-t‚-j≥ sk‰p-Iƒ,

\ne-hn-f-°p-Iƒ XpSßn F√m-hn[ ho´p-

]-I-c-W-ßfpw Rß-fpsS tjmdq-an¬

\n∂pw Iº\n hnebv°v e`n-°p-∂p.

sh ¬ ]mekv

HX-f-Øp-Ωq-́ n¬ _n¬Unw-Kv,

kw{Im¥n3˛

mw

hb- n-te

°v

Mob: 9447897188

Gjy≥ s]bn‚ vkv If¿ thƒUv\nt∏mƒ If¿ {Intb-j≥kvs\tcm-emIv If¿ kvtI]vkv

_¿P¿ If¿ _m¶vUyqeIvkv If¿ skmeq-j≥kv

COLOUR HOUSECOLOUR HOUSECOLOUR HOUSECOLOUR HOUSECOLOUR HOUSEPAINTS &

HARDWARES

Njallanattu Building,Nagampadom, Kottayam

Ph: (Shop) 2565509, 2304973(Res) 2584976, 2304723

W H O L E S A L E & R E TA I L

91

tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW hc-hp-sN-ehp IW-°p-Iƒ

30˛11˛2010 hsc-bp-≈Xv Imem-Im-e-ß-fn¬ BUn‰v

sNbvXv s]mXp-tbmKw AwKo-I-cn -®Xv A\y{X

tN¿Øn-cn-°p-∂p.

41 {ia-Zm\w\ne-hn-ep≈ tZhm-ebw s]mfn-®p-\o-°p-∂-Xn\v

CS-h-Imw-K-߃ cmhpw ]Iepw AXy-≤zm\w sNbvXp.aZv_lm \o°w sNøp-∂-Xn\v {]Xo£n-®-XnepwA[nIw ka-bhpw A≤zm-\hpw th≠n h∂p. hnhn[Bh-iy-߃°mbn CS-h-Imw-K-߃ ap≥Iq´n \n›-bn® ]e Znh-k-ß-fnepw {ia-Zm\w sNøp-I-bp-≠m-bn. temdn / Sn∏¿ temdn-I-fpsS DS-a-ÿ-cmb CS-h-Imw-K-߃ Xß-fpsS hml-\-߃ Cu Bh-iy-Øn-te°v kuP-\y-ambn \¬In.

42 BZ-cm-RvP-en2003 ¬ Cu ]≈n hnIm-cn-bmbn kvXpXy¿l-

ambn tkh\w A\p-j-Tn-°p-Ibpw 2005˛06 ¬ kl-hn-Im-cn-bmbpw tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW IΩ‰ntIm -̨sN-b¿am-\mbn D¬IrjvS tkh\w sNøp-IbpwsNbvX sNdn-bm≥ tIm -́bn¬ A®s‚ BI-kvanI\ncymWw Dƒs°m-≈m≥ Ign-bmsX kpdn-bm\n k`ma°ƒ H∂-S-¶hpw PmXn-a-X-t -̀Z-sat\y Hcp tZisØP\X apgp-h\pw ZpxJØn-em-bn. tIm´bw `{Zm-k-\-Ønse A\p-{K-loX sshZn-I\pw ]cn-ip≤ k -̀bpsSsshZn-I-sk-an-\m-cn-bpsS en‰¿Pn hn`mKw aev]m-\p-am-bn-cp-∂ tIm -́bn-e®s‚ AIm-e-Øn-ep≈ th¿]mSv]cn-ip≤ k`bv°pw tIm´bw `{Zm-k-\-Øn\pw Xocm-\jvSw Xs∂. ae-¶-c-bpsS hm\-ºmSnsb kz¿§obamem-J-am¿s°m-∏w, kz¿§ob Km\-߃ ]mSn ]pI-gvØp-hm≥ ssZhw hnfn-®p-sh∂v hniz-kn-°mw. _lp:A®\v BZ-cmRvPen A¿∏n-®v {]m¿∞n°p-∂p.

tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW°Ω‰nsshkv sNb¿am-\mbn hninjvS tkh\wsNbvXp hcsh I¿Xr-k-∂n-[n-bn-te°phmßn-t∏mb If-Øp∏-Sn-°¬ {io. Ipcy≥h¿§okv Zo¿L-Imew Cu ]≈n-bpsS {Skv‰n,k`m -am -t\-PnwKv IΩ-‰n -bwKw F∂o\neIfn¬ kvXpXy¿l-amb tkh\w A\p-jvTn® hy‡n-bmWv. At±-l-Øns‚ ]mh-\-kva-c-Wbv°p apºn¬ BZ-cm-RvPen A¿∏n-®p {]m¿∞n-°p-∂p.

tZhm-e-b-]p\¿ \n¿ΩmWw at\m-l-c-ambn ]q¿Øo-I-cn®p ImWp-hm\pw ]pXp-°n-∏-WnX ]≈n-bn¬ hnip≤ Ip¿∫m\bn¬kw_-‘n-°p-hm\pw A{K-ln-®n-cp∂ hnizm-kn-I-fmb ]e CS-h-Imw-K-ßfpw \n¿ΩmWIme-b-f-hn¬ I¿Xr-k-∂n-[n-bn-te°p bm{X-bm-bn. hmßn-t∏m-b-hnizm-kn-Iƒ°vv BZ-cm-

RvPenIƒ A¿∏n®p {]m¿∞n-°p-∂p.CS-h-I-bpsS ÿm]\ Imew apX¬ kXy-hn-

izmkw kwc-£n -°p -∂-Xn -\pw, CS -h -I -bpsShf¿®°pw th≠n AXy-≤zm\w sNbvXv a¨a-d™amXm]nXm-°-∑m-cp-sS-bpw, ktlm-Z-co-k-tlm-Z-c-∑m-cp-sSbpw, AIm-e-Øn¬ s]men™CS-h-I-bpsS Bim-Zo]w aT-tØ v́ Ipdn-bm-t°mkv I»o-i-bp-sSbpw ]mh-\-kva-c-W-bv°p ap≥]n¬ BZ-cm-RvP-en-Iƒ A¿∏n®p{]m¿∞n-°p-∂p.

43 IrX-⁄XtZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW {]h¿Ø-\-߃°v

th≠ {]tNm-Z-\-hpw, D]-tZ-i-ß-fpw, am¿§-\n¿t±-i-ßfpw \¬In A\p-{K-ln® tIm´bw ̀ {Zm-k\ sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpw, tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿Ωm-W-°-Ω‰nc£m-[n-Im-cn-bp-amb A`n-hμy tXmakv am¿ Xotam-Øn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-tbm-Sp≈ `‡n _lp-am\BZ-c-hp-Iƒ IrX-⁄-Xm-]q¿Δw Xr∏m-Z-ß-fn¬ ka¿∏n-°p-∂p.

2005˛2006 ¬ tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW {]mcw-̀ -{]-h¿Ø-\-߃°p t\XrXzw \¬Inb ap≥hn-Imcnhμy G{_lmw tImX-tI-cn¬ tIm¿ F∏n-kvtIm∏mklhn-Imcn Znhw-K-X-\mb sNdn-bm≥ tIm´-bn¬A®≥ F∂n-h-cpsS \nkvXpe tkh\w Cu CS-hI\μn-tbmsS kvacn-°p-∂p. 2006 Pq¨ apX¬ 2008G{]n¬ hsc hnIm-cn-bm-bn-cp∂ _. amXyqkv Imhp-¶¬ A®s‚ D÷z-e-amb t\XrXzw tZhm-eb]p\¿\n¿Ωm-W-Øn\p ]pXnb Znim-t_m[w \¬In.2006 ¬ hn`m-h\w sNbvX sNdnb ]≈n-bpsSÿm\Øv Xmc-X-tay\ hen-∏-ap-≈Xpw at\m-l-c-hp-amb tZhm-e-b-Øns‚ t{]mPIvSv Xøm-dm-°p-∂-Xn\pw_lp: A®≥ {]iw-k-\o-b-amb t\XrXzw \¬In.\n¿Ωm-W-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃ kpK-a-ambn ]ptcm-K-an-°p-

1.2

2

39.98

7.33

11.9521.51

35.38

6.63

4.8512.12

1.03

XpI e£-Øn¬ ( )

sNehv

92

93

tºmƒ At±-l-Øns‚ tkh\w Bh-iy-s∏´ hntZ-i-Øp≈ tZhm-e-b-Ønte°v At±lw \nb-an-X-\m-bn._lp: A®s‚ anI-hp‰ t\XrXzw CØ-cp-W-Øn¬\n o-a-amb IrX-⁄-X-tbmsS kvacn-°p-∂p.

2008 Pq¨ amkw apX¬ hnIm-cn-bmbpw tZhm-e-b-]p-\¿ \n¿ΩmW IΩ‰n sNb¿am-\mbpw hninjvStkh\w A\p-jvTn-°p∂ _lp: B≥{Uqkv Nnc-h-Ø-d A®s‚ kp[ocamb t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ tZhm-eb]p\¿\n¿Ωm-W -{]-h¿Ø-\-߃°v {Iam-\p-K-X-amb]ptcm-K-Xn-bp-≠m-bn. 2009 Pq¨ amk-Øn¬ _lp:Ipdn-bm-t°mkv πmº-d-ºn¬ A®≥ kl-hn-Im-cn-bmbn \nb-an-X-\m-bn. _lp: hnIm-cn-bp-sS-bpw, kl:hnIm-cn-bp-sSbpw Du¿÷-kz-ehpw kvXpXy¿l-hp-ambt\XrXzw \n¿ΩmW {]h¿Ø-\-߃ ka-b-_-‘n-X-ambn ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v klm-b-I-am-bn. _lp-am-\-s∏´ sshZn-I-tcm-Sp≈ \n o-a-am-b \μnbpwkvt\lhpw lrZ-b-]q¿Δw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

B¿°n-sSIv‰v Iam≥U¿ kt¥m-jv tPm¨,knhn¬ F©n-\o-b¿ {io. kp\n¬ tPmkv kab_‘n-X-ambn \n¿ΩmW tPmen-Iƒ ]q¿Øn-bm-°nbtIm¨{Sm-IvS¿ {io. B¬_¿ v́ {][m\ takvXncn {io.N{μ≥ a‰p hnhn[ Icm¿ tPmen-Iƒ IrXy-k-a-bØpsNbvXp Xo¿Ø tIm¨{Sm-IvS¿am¿, \n¿ΩmWhkvXp-°fpw a‰p kma-{Kn-Ifpw bYm-k-abw \¬Inbÿm]-\-߃, hym]m-cn-Iƒ XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS «mL-\o-b-amb tkh-\-߃°p \μn ]d-bp-∂p.

]≈n ap‰Øp ÿm]n-®, e£-W-samØ at\m-l-c-amb I¬°p-cniv kvt]m¨k¿ sNbvX {io.aØmbn ]pd-tØ-́ v. {io. Ipdn-bm-t°mkv Cu∏≥ Icn-∏m¬, ]≈n-bpsS Ce-Iv{Sn-°¬ tPmen-Iƒ bmsXmcp{]Xn-^-ehpw kzoI-cn-°msX `wKn-bmbn sNbvXpXo¿Ø {io. -tam≥kn kvIdnb ]≈n-∏p-dw, {io.-]n.-Fw.-amXyp ]gq¿, {io. tPm¿Pv G{_lmw sIm√-∏≈n.]≈n-ap -‰Øp ]p¬Ø-InSn \n¿Ωn -°p -∂-Xn\vta¬t\m´w hln-°p-Ibpw sImdn-b≥ {Km pw,_^t√m {Km pw sNSn-Ifpw kvt]m¨k¿ sNøp-Ibpw sNbvX {io. jmPn ]\-t®-a‰w F∂o CS-h-Imw-K-ß-tfm-Sp≈ IrX-⁄X kvt\l-]q¿Δw Adn-bn-°p-∂p.

tZhm-e-b-Øns‚ {][m-\-hm-Xn¬, P\-ep-Iƒ,apJ-hm-c-Øn-epw, aZv_-lm-bpsS Ing°p hiØpwÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ hnip≤ ssZh-am-Xm-hn-s‚-bpw,Imh¬]n-Xm-°-∑m-cp-sS-bpw, samssk°v •mkv Nn{X-߃ kvt]m¨k¿ sNbvX CS-h-Imw-K-߃ ]pXp-°n-∏-WnX tZhm-e-b-Øn¬ Bcm-[-\-°m-h-iy-ambkma-{Kn-Iƒ, Xnc-»o-e, Ipcn»v sagpXncn-°m-ep-Iƒ,hnip≤ aZv_lm-bn¬ ÿm]n-®-n´p≈ •mkv Nn{X-߃, Gh≥tKen-tbm≥ tai, \a-kvImc tai,{]kwK ]oTw, amtam-Zo-km-sØm-́ n, Xq°p-hn-f°v, Ae-¶m-c-hn-f-°p-Iƒ, `WvUmcw, ^m≥, ‰yq_v sse‰v XpS-ßn-bh t\¿®-bmbn ka¿∏n® CS-h-Imw-K-ß-sfbpwa‰p hy‡n-I-sfbpw \μn-tbmsS kvacn°p-∂p.

Cu DZyaw hnP-b-{]-Z-am-°p-∂-Xn\v kmº-ØnIklmbw \¬Inb aW¿ImSv sk‚ v tacokv bmt°m-_m-b- kp-dn-bm\n IØo-{U¬, tImX-aw-Kew am¿tØm-Ω≥ ]≈n. Icn-ßm-®nd sk‚ v tPm¿Pv ]≈n XpS-ßnb tZhm-e-b-ßfnse hnIm-cn-am-tcmSpw kl-hn-Im-cn-am-tcmSpw `c-W-k-an-Xn-tbm-Sp≈ IrX-RvPX CØ-cp-W-Øn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. kmº-ØnI klmbw\¬In Cu kwcw-̀ -Øn\v {]tNm-Z\w \¬In-b A`n-hμy sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø-am-cm-b tXmakv tam¿ Xotam-Øn-tbm-kv, Koh¿§okv tam¿ Zoh-∂ym-tkymkv F∂oXncp-ta-\n-am-tcm-Spw hμy tIm¿ F∏n-kvtIm-∏mamtcmSpw a‰v sshZnI t{ijvT-tcmSpap≈ kvt\l_lp-am\ BZ-c-hp-Iƒ IrX-⁄Xm]q¿Δw Adn-bn-°p-∂p. \n¿ΩmW ^≠v, DZvLm-S\ ka-b-Øpw,]n∂oSpw KWy-amb hnlnXw \¬Inb CS-h-I-bnsesshZn-I≥ hμy. Cug-am-en¬ Cu∏≥ tIm¿ F∏n-kvtIm-∏msb Cu Ah-k-c-Øn¬ \μn-tbmsS kvacn-°p-∂p.

hmKvZm\ hnlnXw DZm-c-ambn \¬In klm-bn®kztZ-i-Øpw, hntZ-i-Øp-ap≈ CS-h-Imw-K-߃, kw`m-h\ \¬Inb a‰p hy‡n-Iƒ hntZ-i-Øpw kz-tZ-iØpw ]e- hy-‡n-I-fn¬ \n∂pw kw`m-h-\-Iƒ kam-l-cn®v ]≈n-bn¬ G¬∏n® CS-hI-Kw-߃ KWy-amb XpI hmbv] \¬Inb CS-h-Imw-K-߃ a‰p A`yp-Zb Imw£n-Iƒ F∂n-h-tcm-Sp≈ \n o-a-amb \μn{]Im-in-∏n®p sIm≈p-∂p.

Ãnb-dnwKv IΩ‰n AwK-ß-fmb k¿Δ{io cmP≥kmw ASp-ap-dn-bn¬, (tPm-bn‚ v P\-d¬ I¨ho-\¿).{io.-]n.-Fw.-amXyp ]gq¿, ]pØ≥]pc-bn¬ (\n¿ΩmWIΩ‰n I¨ho-\¿) sI. -sI- .F∏v Icn -∏m¬(ss^\m≥kv IΩ‰n I¨ho-\¿) Fw.-]n.-Ip-cym-t°mkv aßm-́ p-Im-em-bn¬ (]-ªn-kn‰n IΩ‰n I¨ho-\¿) sI.-F.-cmPp sIm√≥ Ing-t°-Xn¬ ({SÃn), kn.knjnPp sNcn-hp-Im-em-bn¬ (sk{I-´dn) F∂n-h-cpsSI¿tΩm-’p-I-Xbpw A¿∏Wat\m-`m -hhpw\nkzm¿∞-tk-h-\-hpw, k¿tΔm-]cn ]cn-ip-≤-ssZ-h-am-Xm-hn¬ A`-b-s∏-´p-sIm-≠v Hcp-a-\-t m-sS-bp≈{]h¿Ø-\-ssi-enbpw tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmWwka-b-_-‘n-X-ambn ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v klm-b-I-am-bn. tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsShnhn[ taJ-e-Ifn¬ Ãnb-dnwKv IΩ‰n AwK-߃Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw kpXy¿l-ambpw amXr-Im-]-c-ambpwA£oWw {]b-Xv\n-®p..

\n¿Ωm-W-th-f-bpsS BZy-L-́ -ß-fn¬ {SÃn-am-cm-bn-cp-∂, {io.]n. -sF.-am-Ø≥ ]gq¿ ]≈n-∏p-dw,Fw.-]n.-Ip-cymt°mkv aßm-́ p-Imebn¬ F∂n-h-cpsSI¿Ω\n-c-X-amb tkh-\-߃ \μn-tbmsS kvacn-°p-∂p. Cu Ime-b-f-hn¬ {io.-kn.kn jnPp sNcn-hp-Im-em-bn¬, {io.-sI.F cmPp sIm√≥ Ing-t°-Xn¬ F∂n-h¿ sk{I-́ -dn-am-cmbpw {io.-]n.sI tXmakv ]gq¿ ]´m-Wn-°-me {io. Xºm≥.]n.-h¿Kokv ]pd-tØ v́ F∂n-h¿ tPmbn‚ v sk{I-́ -dn-am-cmbpw hninjvS tkh\w

94

95

ImgvN-h-®p. Ch-cpsS \nkzm¿∞ tkh\߃ \μn-tbmsS kvacn-°p-∂p.

]≈n-am-t\-PnwKv IΩ‰n AwK-ß-ƒ, tZhm-eb]p\¿\n¿ΩmW Hm¿K-ss\-knßv IΩ‰n AwK-߃,k_vI-Ω‰n AwK-߃ XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS Bflm¿∞-amb kl-I-c-Whpw A\-kypX ]cn-{i-ahpw ÿntcm-’m-lhpw ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW {]h¿Ø-\-߃°pDu¿÷w ]I¿∂p. F√m-h-tcmSpw Af-h‰ \μn {]Im-in-∏n-°p-∂p. \ne-hn-ep≈ {SÃn {io sI.-Fw. De-l-∂m≥ Ipg-bm-ºm-´v, sk{I-´dn {io]n.-Fw. Ipcym-t°mkv ]\-t®-a‰w. tPmbn‚ v sk{I-́ dn {io tPm¨tP°_v aßm-´p-aTw F∂n-h-cp-sS-bpw, amt\-PnwKvIΩ‰n AwK-ß-fp-sSbpw klmb kl-I-c-W-߃°vAf-h‰ \μn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

Imcy-£-a-am-bpw, amXr-Im-]-c-ambpw _\n-^n‰vkvIow \SØnhcp∂ ss^\m≥kv I¨ho-\¿ Icn-∏m¬ {io sI.-sI. sF∏ns‚ \nkpXve tkh-\-߃°v \o o-a-amb \μn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

\ne-hn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ tZhm-ebw s]mfn®p \o°p-∂-Xn\pw ]cnkcw hrØn-bm-°p-∂-Xn\pw Iøpw,saøpw ad∂v cm]-I¬ {ia-Zm\w \S-Øp-Ibpw]p\¿\n¿ΩmW ^≠v kam-l-c-W-Øn\v bXv\n-°p-Ibpw sNbvX bqØv Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ {]h¿Ø-I¿, a¿Ø-a-dnbw h\nXm kamPw AwK-߃,slbn¬ tacn eoKv AwK-߃, kWvtU-kvIqƒA≤ym-]-I¿, hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ, {]m¿∞-\-tbm-Kmw-K-߃ a‰v CS-h-Imw-K-߃ F∂n-h-tcm-Sp≈ Af-h‰IrX-⁄X tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. {ia-Zm-\-b⁄w hnP-b-I-c-am-°p-∂-Xn\v temdn/Sn∏¿ temdn XpS-ßn-bhkuP-\y-ambn \¬Inb CS-h-Imw-K-ßsf \μn-tbmsSkvacn-°p-∂p.

F√m {ia-Zm\ bPvR-ß-fn-epw kPo-h-ambn]s¶-SpØ- {][m\ ip{iq-j-I≥ {io.-]n.-hn. tXma-kns‚ tkh-\-߃ \μn-tbmsS kvacn-°p-∂p.A°u-≠‚ v {io. Pnt‚m sNd-nbm≥ h -́°m-́ p-Im-em-bn¬, B^okv Akn- v {in. hn.-Fw.-amWn h -́°m-´p-Im-em-bn¬ \n¿Ωm-W-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ DS-\ofwklm-bn-bmbn {]h¿Øn® {io. kÆn G{_lmwsIm√-∏≈nbn¬ F∂n-h-scbpw \μntbmsS kvacn-°p-∂p. 2008 Pq¨ apX¬ A©pamk-tØmfw s]mfn®p\o°nb tZhm-eb ÿm\Øp Bcm-[\ XpS¿∂p\S-Øp-∂-Xn\v ]¥¬ kuIcyw \ma-\m-{X-amb hmS-Ibv°v {Iao -I -cn® {io. -cmPp Im\m -´p -Xp -≠-Ønt\mSp≈ (sk‚ v tacokv lb-dnßv k¿Δokvt]cq¿) Af-h‰ \μn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p

CS-h-Imw-K-ß-fp-sSbpw A`ypZbImw£nI-fp-sSbpw \n¿tem-`-amb klmb kl-I-c-W-ßfpwt{]m’m-l-\-ßfpw Cu alXv kwcw`w e£y-{]m-]vXn-bn-se-Øn-°p-∂-Xn\v Xmßpw XW-e-p-ambn.sNdpXpw hepXp-ambn e`n® F√m klm-b-ßfpw \μn-]q¿Δw kvacn-°p-∂p.

\ne-hn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ tZhm-ebw s]mfn®p\o°nb t¢i-I-c-amb {ia-Øn¬ G¿s∏´ B_m-e-hr≤w CS-hI P\-߃°pw \m´p-Im¿°pw tZhm-eb]p\¿\n¿ΩmW thf-bn¬ 90 ASn Db-c-Øn¬ hschnhn[ tPmen-I-fn¬ G¿s∏-́ n-cp∂ \n¿ΩmW sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ _‘-s∏´ a‰p-≈-h¿ XpS-ßn-b-h¿°pw\n m-c-]-cp°p-Iƒ t]mepw G¬°msX ImØp-]-cn-]m-en® kvt\l-\n-[n-bmb ssZh-Øn\v kvXpXnItc‰mw.

44.00 D]-kw-lmcw""Fs‚ Bebw kIe- Pm-Xn-Iƒ°pw {]m¿

∞-\m-ebw F∂p hnfn-°-s∏-Spw.'' hn. a¿t°mkv 11:17

sbcp-itew tZhm-ebw ]Wn-bp-∂-Xn\v item-tam≥ cmPm-hn\v ssZh \ntbmKw D≠m-b-Xp-t]mse,tZhm-ebw ]p\¿\n¿Ωn-°p-∂-Xn\v Cu Xe-ap-dbv°ve`n® Akp-e` ̀ mKyw k¿Δ-i-‡-\mb ssZh-Øns‚Ir]m-hcw H∂pam{X-am-Wv. Cu b⁄-Øn¬ Aev]-amtbm A[n-I-amtbm ]¶m-fn-I-fm-Im≥ km[n-®-hscIcp-Wm-\n-[n-bmb ssZhwXºp-cm≥ kar-≤-ambnA\p-{Kln°s -́sb∂v {]m¿∞n-°p-∂p. Cu ]cn-ip≤tZhm-ebw tZi-Øns‚ sISm-hn-f-°mbn, CS-h-Imw-K-߃°pw hcpw Xe-ap-d-Iƒ°pw, F√m hnizm-kn-Iƒ°pw A -̀b-tI-{μ-ambn ]cn-e-kn-°p-hm≥ ]cn-ip-≤-ssZ-h-am-Xm-hns‚ alm-a-≤y-ÿX klm-b-I-am-I-s -́sb∂v {]m¿∞n-°p-∂p.

BI-am\ kpdn-bm\n k -̀bp-sS ]cam≤y£-\mbtamtdm≥ tam¿ C·m-Øn-tbmkv kmJm {]Y-a≥]m{Xo-b¿°okv _mh-tbmSpw, ae-¶-c-bpsS t{ijvTImtXm-en°m B_q≥ tam¿ _t -en-tbmkv tXmakv{]Y-a≥ _mhm-tbm-Spw, tIm´bw ̀ {Zm-k\ sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ A`nhμy tXmakv tam¿ Xotam-Øn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\ntbm-Sp-ap≈ `b`‡n _lp-am\ BZ-c-hp-IƒXr∏m-Z-ß-fn¬ ka¿∏n-°p-∂p.

k¿Δ-i-‡-\mb ssZhsØ al-Xz-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m≠pw ̀ mKy-h-Xn-bpw, A\p-{K-lo-X-bp-amb ]cn-ip-≤- ssZh-am-Xm-hn-s‚-bpw, \ΩpsS Imh¬ ]nXm-°-∑m-cmb tam¿ bqlm-t\m≥ amwtZm-\m-bp-sS-bpw,hnip≤ Koh¿§okv kl-Zm-bp-sS-bpw, hnip≤ Ipdn-bm -t°mkv kl-Zm -bp -sS -bpw, am¿ Iuam]nXmhns‚bpw, ]cn-ip≤ Gen-bmkv XrXo-b≥_mhm-bp -sS -bpw, ae-¶-c -bnse ]cn -ip -≤-\mbKoh¿Kokv tam¿ {Kn-tKm-dn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-bp-sSbpw(]-cp-a-e), ]cn-ip≤ ]utemkv tam¿ Iqdn-temkv Xncp-ta-\n-bp-sSbpw (]m-W-º-Sn) a≤y-ÿ-X-bn¬ A`-b-s∏´p sIm≠pw Cu dnt∏m¿´v khn-\bw ka¿∏n-°p∂p.

tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW IΩ-‰n°p th≠n,

G{_lmw Nmt°m cma-\m´pXd-bn¬

P\-d¬ I¨ho-\¿

96

ASn-ÿm-\- inemÿm-]\w (2007 sk]v‰w-_¿ 14)

]p\¿\n¿ΩmW DZvLm-S-\-tØm-S-\p-_-‘n®v - ]pXnb tZhm-e-bØns‚{Xnam\Nn{Xw A`n. tPmk^v am¿ {KotKm-dn-tbmkv Xncp-a\- p-sIm≠v {]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p.

tZhm-eb ]p\¿ \n¿ΩmWw: hnhn[ Zriy-߃....

97

tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW L -́߃ ˛ hnhn[ Zriy-߃

98

tZhm-e-Øns‚{][m\ t{XmtWm-kn¬

ÿm]n°p∂-Xn-\p≈ ine]cn. ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm

Bio¿h-Zn-°p-∂p.

tZhm-e-b-Øns‚ {Xnam-\-Nn{Xw ]cn. ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm ho£n-°p-∂p.

]cnip≤ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm-bpsS Bio¿hmZw (2008 HIvtSm-_¿ 22)

]p\¿\n¿ΩmWw ]ptcm-K-an-°p∂p

99

I´n-f-hbv]v (2008 \hw-_¿ 9)

100

apJ-hm-c-Øn¬

…o_m ÿm]n-°¬

2009 sk]v‰w-_¿ 14

101

t{XmtWmkv \n¿ΩmWw

2009 \hw-_¿ 4

102

103

CS-h-Imw-K-ß-fp-sSbpw Cu CS-h-Isb kvt\ln-°p-∂-h-cp-sSbpw A[zm-\-Øn-s‚bpw {]m¿∞-\-bp-sSbpw ^e-ambn cq]-s∏-́ -XmWv Cu at\m-lc ssZhm-e-bw. I¿Ømhv `h\w ]Wn-bp-∂n-s√-¶n¬ ]Wn-°m-cpsS {]bXv\w hy¿∞-am-sW∂p k¶o¿Ø-\-°m-c≥ \sΩ Hm¿Ωn∏n-°p-∂p. hn. ssZh-am-Xm-hns‚ a≤y-ÿ-X-bn¬ I¿Øm-hns‚ alm-\p-{K-l-Øm¬- C-S-h-I-P-\-ßfpw A`yp-Z-b-Imw-£n-Ifpw tN¿∂p ]Wn-Xp-b¿Øn-b-XmWv Cu tZhm-e-bw.

1915 ¬ ssZh-hN-\-Øns‚ al-Xz-Øn-\mbpw hn. ssZh-am-Xm-hns‚ ]pI-gvN-bv°pambpw kvYm]n-°-s∏ v́ 2006 ¬ ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW {]h¿Ø-\-߃Bcw-̀ n® \ΩpsS \h-tZ-hm-e-b-Øns‚ IqZm-i-I¿Ω-ßfpw BtLm-j-ßfpw CS-h-I-P-\-ß-fpsSBfloI \ho-I-c-W-Øn\pw Poh-Im-cpWy {]h¿Ø-\-Øn\pw hnizm-k˛ ]mc-ºcy {]tLm-j-W-Øn\pwDX-Ip∂ ]cn-]m-Sn-I-tfm-sS-bm-Wv- B-hn-jv°-cn-®-Xv.2009 Unkw-_¿ 27˛mw XobXn am¿ Iuam ]nXm-hns‚ Xncp-ti-jn∏v ÿm]n-®n-´p≈ I¬°p-cnivIqZm-i-tbm-Sp-IqSn Bcw-̀ n®v 2010 P\p-hcn 15˛mwXobXn hn. ssZh-am-Xm-hns‚ Hm¿Ω s]cp-∂m-tfm-Sp-IqSn Ah-km-\n® tZhm-eb aptdm-\-̀ n-tjI IqZm-i˛ s]cp-∂mƒ BtLm-j-]-cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ Cu \mSn-s\m-∂msI A\p-{K-l-Im-c-W-am-bn. ae-bmf at\m-c-a, awKfw Zn\-∏-{X-ß-fnepw, hnizm-k-kw-c-£-I-\nepw {]kn-≤o-I-cn® kπn-sa‚p-Iƒ tZhm-eb IqZm-i-bm-tLm-j-ß-fpsS hnfw-_-c-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p.-tZ-hm-eb aptdm-\-̀ n-tjI IqZmi I¿Ω-ß-fp-sSbpw s]cp-∂m-fm-tLmj ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fp-sSbpw Ncn-{X-Xm-fp-I-fn-eqsS Hcp bm{X.

I. 2009 Unkw-_¿ 27 Rmb¿Iv\m\mb AXn-̀ -{Zm-k\ dm∂n taJem sa{Xm-

t∏m-eoØ A`n-hμy Ipcym-t°mkv am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv Xncp-a-\- p-sIm≠v tZhm-e-b-Øn¬ Fgp-∂≈n hn. Ip¿∫m\ A¿∏n-®p. XpS¿∂v tZhm-ebIqZm-ibv°v apt∂m-Sn-bm-bp≈ I¬°p-cniv IqZmiA`n -hμy Xncp -a -\ - p -sIm≠v \n¿h-ln -®p.

jnPp kn.-kn.sNcn-hp-Im-em-bn¬

(sk-{I-´-dn)

tZhm-eb IqZmi, s]cp-∂mƒ

BtLm-j-߃ ˛ Ah-tem-I\w

(2009 Unkw-_¿ 27 apX¬ 2010 P\p-hcn 15 hsc)

104

105

]≈n-ap -‰Øv \ne-hn -ep -≠m-bn -cp∂ Ipcn -in≥sXm´nbn¬ ÿm]n-®n-cp∂ am¿ Iuam ]nXm-hns‚ Xncp-ti-jn∏v Cu I¬Ip-cn-ins‚ D≈n¬am‰n ÿm]n-®n-́ p-≠v.

BZy-̂ -e-s∏-cp-∂mƒ {]am-Wn®v CS-hI ̀ h-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂v tZhm-e-b-Øn¬ ka¿∏n-°-s∏´Im¿jn-I-hn-f-hp-I-fp-sSbpw, a‰v Dev]-∂-ß-fp-sSbpw tee-tØm-Sp-IqSn A∂sØ BtLm-j-]-cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ ]cy-h-km-\n-®p.

II. 2009 Unkw-_¿ 31 hymgw2010 h¿j-Øn¬ CS-h-Ibv°v A\p-{K-l-

ßfpw, ssZhnI Icp-X-ep -Ifpw, tZhm-eb]p\¿\n¿Ωm-W-Øns‚ A\p-{K-l-I-c -amb]q¿Øo-I-c-Whpw bmNn-®p-sIm-≠p≈ ]mXn-cm-Ip¿∫m\ kl-hn -Imcn _. Ipcymt°mkvπm]dºn¬ A®≥ A¿∏n-®p.

III. 2010 P\p-hcn 3 Rmb¿tZhm-eb aptdm-\-̀ n-tjI IqZm-i-bp-sSbpw CS-h-I-bpsS {][m-\-s]-cp-∂m-fmb hnØp-Isf {]Xn-bp≈ hn. ssZh-am-Xm-hns‚ Hm¿Ω s]cp-∂m-fm-tLm-j-Øn-s‚bpw Bcw`w Ipdn-®p-sIm-≠vtlmtWm-hm¿ anj≥ sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ A`n-hμybmt°m_v am¿ At¥m-Wn-tbmkv Xncp-a-\- p-sIm≠v hn. Ip¿∫m-\-bv°p -tijw s]cp -∂mƒsImSn Db¿Øn.

]cn-ip≤ ]m{Xo-b¿°okv _mh ae-¶-c-bnse Xs‚ \mem-aXv ss«lnI kμ¿i\ thf-bn¬ Bio¿h-Zn® ]≈n-bpsS t{XmtWm-kn¬ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ine hln®p sIm≠p≈tZhm-e-b-Iq-Zmi hnfw-_c tLmj-bm-{X-bn¬ CS-h-Imw-K-߃ AXyp¬km-l-tØmSpw `b-`-‡n-tbmSpw IqSn ]s¶-Sp-Øp. P\p-hcn 03˛mw XobXnhnfw-_c tLmj-bm-{X-bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn \qdn¬∏cw hml-\-ß-fn¬ ]pd-s∏´ CS-h-Imw-K-߃ s]cp-º≈n ]≈n-bnse A`n-hμyKoh¿Kokv am¿ {KntKm-dn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsSI_-dn-S-Ønepw apf-¥p-cpØn am¿tØm-Ω≥]≈n-bnepw {]m¿∞-\-Iƒ \SØn D®bv°v 12aWn-tbmsS ]pØ≥ Ipcniv ]m{Xob¿°m sk‚-dn¬ FØn-t®-cp-I-bp-≠m-bn.

]pØ≥ Ipcniv ]m{Xo-b¿°m sk‚-dn¬A`n-hμy bmt°m_v am¿ At¥m-Wn-tbmkvsa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bn¬ \n∂v CS-h-I-hn-Imcn ̂ m.B≥{Uqkv Nnc-h-Ød ine G‰p hmßn hnfw-

_-c-tLm-j-bm{X Bcw-̀ n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.-ap-f-¥p-cpØn am¿tØm-Ω≥ ]≈n bqØv Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ bqWn-‰ns‚ klm-b-tØmsS {]tXyIw cq]-I¬∏\ sNbvX cY-Øn-emWv aZv_-lm-bn¬ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ine Fgp-∂-≈n-®-Xv.

hnfw-_c tLmj-bm-{Xbv°v BZyw kzoI-cWw e`n-®Xv ate-°p-cniv Zb-dm-bn-em-Wv. Zb-dm-[n-]≥ A`n-hμy Ipcym-t°mkv am¿ Znb-kvt°m-dkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ D÷z-e-ambkzoI-c-W-amWv tLmj-bm-{Xbv°v \¬In-b-Xv.XpS¿∂v A`n-hμy Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬t{ijvT ImtXm-en°m _tk-en-tbmkv ]utemkvZzoXn-b≥ _mhm-bpsS I_-dn-¶¬ [q]-{]m¿∞\\S-Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn.-h-S-°≥ ̀ {Zm-k-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂p-≈- a-™-\n-°c Xo¿∞m-S-\-Øns‚ Bcw-̀ -ÿm-\-amb {]kn-≤-amb aWoSv am¿ Ipcym-t°mkv]≈nbn¬ D®bv°v 1 aWn-tbmsS tLmj-bm{XFØn-t®¿∂p. lrZy-amb kzoI-c-Whpw tLmj-bm-{X-bw-K-߃°v D®-̀ -£-Whpw ]≈n hnIm-cn-bp-sSbpw `c-W-k-an-Xn-bp-sSbpw t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬B CS-hI \¬Ip-I-bp-≠m-bn. XpS¿∂v Ncn-{X-{]-kn-≤-amb ]ndhw sk‚ v tacokv ]≈n, \ΩpsS]q¿Δn-I-cpsS amXr CS-h-I-bmb hS-Ic sk‚ vtPm¨kv ]≈n, t]cq¿ a¿Øivap\n ]≈n,\ΩpsS ]q¿Δn-I-cpsS amXr CS-h-Ibpw BZy-Im-e-L-´-ß-fn¬ \ap°v B{i-b-hp-am-bn -cp∂aW¿ImSv sk‚ v tacokv IØo-{U¬, tIm´bw`{Zm-k\ Bÿm-\-amb sk‚ v tPmk v̂ IØo-{U¬ F∂o ]≈n-I-fn¬ tLmj-bm-{Xbv°v Kw`n-c-amb kzoI-c-W-amWv e`n-®-Xv. Km‘n-\-K¿ am¿Gen-bmkv XrXo-b≥ Nm∏-ense hn. tamdms‚I_-dn-S-Ønse [q]-{]m¿∞-\-bv°p-tijw cm{XnF´p-a-Wn-tbmsS tLmj-bm{X ]≈n-bn¬ FØn-t®-cp-I-bp-≠m-bn. XpS¿∂v ]≈n-bn¬ [q]-{]m¿∞-\bpw Bio¿Δm-Zhpw \S-∂p.

IV. 2010 P\p-hcn 6, 7, 8, 9P\p-hcn 06˛mw XobXn Z\-lm-s]-cp-∂mƒ

BtLm-jn-®p. P\p-hcn 7,8,9 Xob-Xn-I-fn¬ ssZh-Ir]bv°pw tZhm-e-b-Iq-Zm-i-bpsS A\p-{K-l-I-c-amb \S-Øn-∏n\pw th≠n CS-h-I H∂-S¶w aq∂vZnh-kw- t\mºv BN-cn-®p. 9˛mw XobXn cmhnse7.30 \v Km‘n-\-K¿ Nm∏-en¬ hn.-Ip¿∫m\A¿∏n-°-s∏-´p. At∂-Zn-hkw sshIp-t∂cw 5aWn°v amt∏m-Sn-bv°¬ {io. tImc amØs‚ ̀ h-\-Øn¬ \n∂v Bcw-̀ n-® tZhm-eb IqZmi sImSn-ac tLmj-bm{X 6 aWn-tbmsS ]≈n-bn¬

106

107

FØn-t®-cp -Ibpw sImSn -acw ]≈n-ap -‰ØvDb¿Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp. XpS¿∂v k‘ym-{]m¿∞-\bpw \S-∂p.

V. P\p-hcn 10 Rmb¿At∂Znhkw cmhnse 8.15 \v \ncWw ̀ {Zm-

k\ sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm A`n-hμy Koh¿Kokv am¿Iqdn-temkv Xncp-a-\- p-sIm≠v hn. Ip¿∫m\A¿∏n-®p. XpS¿∂v a¨a-d™ ]q¿Δ-]n-Xm-°-∑msc {]tXy-I-ambn A\p-kva-cn -°p-IbpwAh¿°p th≠n {]m¿∞n-°p-Ibpw skan-tØ-cn-bn¬ A`n-hμy Xncp-a-\- ns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬[q]-{]m¿∞\ \S-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

VI. tZhm-eb IqZmi P\p-hcn 10, 112010 P\p-hcn 10 Rmb¿ sshIp-t∂cw 6

aWn, \oen-aw-Kew CS-h-I-bpsS am{X-a√ \m\m-PmXn aX-ÿ¿ lrZ-ssb-Iy-tØmsS Hcp-an®phkn-°p∂ Cu {]tZ-i-Øns‚ Ncn-{X-Øn¬Xs∂ ]pXn-sbm-c-≤ymbw Fgp-Xn-t®¿Ø Znhkw.taL-ßsf sXm´p-\n-ev°p∂ tbip-{In-kvXp-hns‚c£m-I-c-amb …o_m \mSns\ A\p{Kln®p\nev°p∂ at\m-l-c-amb \h-tZ-hm-e-b-Øns‚IqZm-i-Zn\w.

H∂mw L´ tZhm-eb IqZm-i-bpsS Im¿Ωn-I-cmb CS-hI sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm A`n-hμytXmakv am¿ Xntam-Øn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm,]. F∏n-kvt°m-∏¬ kp∂-l-tZmkv sk{I-´dnA`n-hμy tPmk v̂ am¿ {KntKm-dn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm,-A-t¥mJym hnizmk kwc-£-W-k-an-Xn-bpsS {]kn-U‚ v A`n-hμy Gen-bmkv am¿AØm-\m-tkymkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm, ae-_m¿`{Zm-k-\-Øns‚ A`n-hμy kJ-dn-bmkv am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm, ssaem-∏q¿ `{Zm-k-\-Øns‚ A`n-hμy sFk°v am¿ HkvØm-Øn-tbm-kv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm, F∂n-hsc CS-h-I-hn-Im-cnamcpw ap≥hn-Im-cn-amcpw Bbn-c-°-W-°n\vhnizm-kn-Ifpw tN¿∂v kzoI-cn®v ]≈n-bn-te°m\bn-®p.

IrXyka-b-Ø-mcw-̀ n® IqZmi I¿Ω-Øn\pkm£yw hln-°m-s\-Ønb h≥ hnizm-k-k-aqlwtZhm-e-bhpw _m¬°-Wnbpw tZhm-e-b-Øns‚Ccp-h-i-ßfpw {]tXyIw Xøm-dm-°nb ]¥-ep-Ifpw \nd-™p-I-hn-™p.

IqZmi I¿Ωw CS-hI sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS Bap-J-{]-kw-KtØmsSbmWv Bcw-̀ n-®-Xv.-

Iq-Zmi I¿Ω-߃ c≠p aWn-°q-dn-tesd \o≠p-\n-∂p. dh. ^m. sNdn-bm≥ tIm -́bn-ens‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ sshZnI kwLw Km\-߃ Be-]n-®p.-t¢m vUv k¿Iyq v́ Snhn F√m-bn-SØpw {Iao-I-cn-®n-cp-∂Xp sIm≠v tZhm-e-b-Øns‚ Ccp-h-iØpw ]¥-ep-I-fnepw Hs°-bmbn \n∂n-cp∂Bbn-c-°-W-°n\v `‡-P-\-߃°v IqZm-i-I¿Ω-߃ ASp-Øp- I-≠p- sIm≠v AXn¬ ]¶ptNcm≥ Ign-™p.-Iq-Zmi I¿Ω-Øns‚ HmtcmL´-Ønepw XpS¿∂v \S-°m≥ t]mIp∂ NS-ßns‚ ssZh-im-kv{X-]-c-amb ]›m-Ø-ehpw{]m[m-\yhpw A`n-hμy tPmk v̂ am¿ {KntKm-dn-tbmkv Xncp-a-\- p-sIm≠v hnh-cn®p \evIn-bXvhnizm-kn-Iƒ°v ]pXnb A\p-`-h-ambn. IqZm-i-bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn FØn-t®¿∂ tI{μ-a{¥n {io. sI. hn. tXmakv , {]Xn-]£ t\Xmhv{io. DΩ≥Nm≠n F∂n-h¿ CS-h-Imw-K-߃°vBiw-k-Iƒ t\¿∂v kwkm-cn-°p-I-bp-≠mbn.

VII. P\phcn 11 Xn¶ƒ, tZhm-eb IqZm-i-

bpsS c≠mw L´hpw {]Ya Znhy-_-enbpw

s]mXp-k-tΩ-f-\hpwtZhm-e-b-Iq-Zmi-bp-sSbpw hn. aq∂n≥ta¬

Ip¿∫m-\-bp-sSbpw apJy-Im¿Ωn-I-\mb t{ijvTImtXm-en°m B_q≥ tam¿ _tk-en-tbmkvtXmakv {]Y-a≥ _mhm Xncp-a-\- p-sIm≠vcmhnse 7.00 \v ]≈n-bn¬ Fgp-s∂-≈n. kl-Im¿Ωn-I-cmb A`n-hμy tXmakv am¿ Xntam-Øn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm A`n-hμy sFkIv am¿HkvØm-Øn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm, CS-hIhnImcn ̂ m. B≥{Uqkv Nnc-hm-Ø-d-tbmSpw kl-hn-Imcn ^m. Ipcym-t°mkv πm]dºn-en-t\mSpw,]≈n `c-W-k-anXn AwK-߃ F∂n-h-tcmSpwAt\Iw hnizm-kn-I-tfm-Sp -sam∏w t{ijvT_mhmsb ]≈n-bn-te°v hc-th-‰p. c≠mw L´IqZm-i-I¿Ω-߃ Hcp aWn-°q-dn-tesd \o≠p\n∂p. XpS¿∂v t{ijvT ImtXm-en°m _mhm-bpsS apJy-Im¿Ωn-I-Xz-Øn¬ hn. aq∂n≥ta¬Ip¿∫m\ \S-∂p. hn. Ip¿∫m-\bv°p tijwkvt\l hncp∂pw XpS¿∂v tZhm-e-b-Øn-\-IØvs]mXp-k-tΩ-f-\hpw tNcp-I-bp-≠m-bn.

CS-hI sa{Xm-t∏m -eoØm A`n -hμytXmakv am¿ Xntam-Øn-tbmkv Xncp-a-\- ns‚A≤y-£-X-bn¬ IqSnb s]mXp-k-tΩ-f-\-Øn¬CS-h-I-hn-Imcn ̂ m. B≥{Uqkv Nnc-h-Ød kzmK-X-w Biw-kn-°p-Ibpw, tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW

108

109

IΩ‰n P\-d¬ I¨ho-\¿ {io. F{_lmwNmt°m cma-\m-́ p-X-d-bn¬ dnt∏m¿ v́ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

t{ijvT ImtXm-en°m _mhm-bpsS DZvLm-S-\-{]-kw-K-Øn¬ CS-h-Imw-K-ß-fpsS HsØm-cp-an-®p≈ {]h¿Ø-\-Øn¬ BlvfmZw {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-Ibpw Cu CS-hI k`bv°v \¬Ip∂ tkh-\-ß-sf-°p-dn®v {]Io¿Øn®p kwkm-cn-°p-IbpwCS-h-Imw-K-߃°v ssZhn-I-amb Biw-k-Iƒt\cp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

tZhm-eb IqZm-i-tbmS\p_-‘n®p \n¿Ωn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p∂ c≠v `h-\-ß-fpsS Xmt°m¬Zm\w {io. sI.-kn. tPmk^v Fw.-F¬.-Fbpw,tZhm-eb IqZmi kph-\o-dns‚ {]Im-i\w {io.tPmkv. sI. amWn Fw.-]nbpw \n¿h-ln-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. {io. tXmakv Nmgn-°m-S≥ Fw.-F¬.-F.,{io. hn.-F≥. hmk-h≥ Fw.-F¬.F, `{Zmk\sk{I-́ dn shcn. dh. sI. Ipcym-t°mkv Ing-t°-SØv tImsd-∏n-kvt°m-∏, G‰p-am-\q¿ _vtfm°p]©m-b-ØwKw {io. km_p amXyp, sk‚ vt]mƒkv am¿tØmΩ ]≈n hnImcn ^m. kÆntPm¿Pv F∂n-h¿ Biw-k-Iƒ A¿∏n®pkwkmcn-®p.-k-l-hn-Imcn ^m. Ipcym-t°mkvπmº-d-ºn¬ IrX-RvPX ]d-™p.

VIII. P\p-hcn 11, 12, 13 (Xn-¶ƒ, sNmΔ,

_p[≥)Cu Znh-k-ß-fn¬ cmhnse 7.30\v _lp

hnIm-cnbpsSbpw kl-hn-Im-cn-bp-sSbpw t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ hn.-Ip¿∫m\ A¿∏n-°--s∏-́ p. bmt°m-_mbk`-bnse {]kn≤ kphn-ti-j-I-cmb dh.-^m.]utemkv ]mtd-°-c, dh. ^m. tPm¿÷v amt¥m-´w, dh.-̂ m. amXyqkv tXm°p-]md F∂n-h¿ bYm-{Iaw 11, 12, 13 Xob-Xn-I-fn¬ sshIp-t∂cwk‘ym-{]m¿∞-\sb XpS¿∂v kphn-tij {]`m-j-W-߃ \S-Øn hnizmkn-Isf BflobDW¿hp-≈-h-cm-°n.

IX. P\p-hcn 14 hymgwcmhnse 7.30 \v ]≈n-bn¬ hn.-Ip¿∫m\

A¿∏n-°-s∏-´p. sshIp-t∂cw 7.30\v k‘ym-

{]m¿∞-\sb XpS¿∂v ]cn-ip≤ Gen-bmkv XrXo-

b≥ ]m{Xo-b¿°okv _mhm-bpsS Xncp-ti-jn∏v

ÿm]n-®n -´p≈ Km‘n-\-K¿ Nm∏-en -te°v

BtLm-j-amb s]cp-∂mƒ dmkm \S-∂p.-Ip-cn-ip-

Ifpw, sImSn-I-fpw, apØp-°p-SIfpw, IØn® sagp-

Ip-Xn-cn-I-fp-ambpw dmkm-bn¬ {]m¿∞-\m-]q¿Δw

AWn-\n-c∂ ip{`-hkv{X-[m-cn-I-fmb hnizm-kn-

Iƒ ImgvN-°m-cn¬ t]mepw `‡n-bp-f-hm-°n.

dmkm Nm∏-en¬ FØn-b-t∏mƒ ^m. Ipcy≥

amXyp hS-t°-∏-d-ºn¬ [ym\-{]-kwKw \S-Øp-I-

bp-≠m-bn. hnhn-[-ß-fmb hmZy-ta-f-ß-tfm-Sp-Iq-

Snb ̀ ‡n-\n¿ -̀c-amb {]Z-£nWw IrXyw 10aWn-

tbmsS ]≈n-bn¬ FØn-t®¿∂p. Bin¿hm-Z-

sØ XpS¿∂v \S∂ Icn-a-cp∂v Iem-{]-I-S\w

`‡-P-\-ß-fn¬ BlvfmZw ]I¿∂p.

X. P\p-hcn 15 sh≈nCS-h-I-bpsS {][m\ s]cp-∂m-fmb hnØp-

Isf {]Xn -bp≈ hn. ssZh-am -Xm -hns‚

Hm¿Ωs∏cp-∂mƒ hn. A©n≥ta¬ Ip¿∫m-\-tbm-

Sp-IqSn BN-cn-®p. CS-hI sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm A`n-

hμy tXmakv am¿ Xntam-Øn-tbmkv Xncp-a-\- p-

sIm≠v hn. Ip¿∫m-\bv°v apJy-Im¿Ωn-IXzw

hln-®p. hnZym-`ym-k-cw-KØv D∂X hnPbw

t\Snb hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°p≈ Ahm¿Uv Zm\hpw

F≥tUm-hvsa‚ v hnX-c-Whpw A`n-hμy Xncp-a-

\- p-sIm≠v \n¿Δ-ln-®p. XpS¿∂v ]≈n-∏pdw

Ipcn-in≥ sXm´n-bn-te°v dmkmbpw, Bin¿hm-

Zhpw, t\¿®-hn-fºpw \S-∂p.

At∂-Zn-hkw sshIp-t∂cw 4.00 aWn°v

\S∂ A≤ym-flnI kwL-S-I-fpsS hm¿jnI

ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ s{]-m^. dq_nƒ cmPv (F-kv.-_n.-

tIm-tfPv Nß-\m-t»-cn) apJy-{]-̀ m-£-Whpw dh.-

^m. tPmkn F{_lmw A´-®nd (k¨tU

kvIqƒ `{Zm-k\ Ub-d-IvS¿) Biwkm {]kw-

Khpw \S-Øn. -Xp -S¿∂v k¨tU-kvIqƒ

hnZym¿∞n-I-fpsS hnhn[ Iem-]-cn-]m-Sn-Ifpw

bqØv At m-kn-tb-j≥ Xøm-dm-°nb tZhm-e-

b-]p-\¿\n¿Ωm-W-Øns‚ hnhn[ L -́ß-fp-sSbpw

tZhm-e-b-IqZm-i-I¿Ωß-fp-sSbpw hoUntbm

{]Z¿i-\hpw \S-Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn. A≤ym-flnI

kwL-S -\I-fpsS hm¿jnI ktΩ-f -\sØ

XpS¿∂v sshIp-t∂cw 6.00 aWn°v _lp kl-

hn-Im-cn-b-®≥ s]cp-∂mƒ sImSn-bn-d-°n-b-tXmsS

tZhm-eb IqZmi ˛ s]cp-∂mƒ BtLm-j-߃

awK-f-I-c-ambn ]cy-h-km-\n-®p.

110

I¬°p-cniv IqZmi2009 Unkw-_¿ 27

s]cp-∂mƒ sImSn-bp-b¿Ø¬2010 P\p-hcn 3

sImSna-c-tLm-j-bm{X2010 P\p-hcn 9

111

{][m\ t{XmtWm-kn¬ ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ine

(]-cn. ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm Bio¿h-Zn-®-Xv) ]pØ≥Ip-cniv

]m{Xn-b¿°m sk‚-dn¬ \n∂pw hnhn[ tZhm-e-b-ß-fnse kzoI-c-W-

ß-tf-‰p-hmßn, ]≈n-bn-te°v hnfw-_c tLmj-bm-{X-bmb

sIm≠p-h-cp-∂p.

112

113

tZhm-eb IqZm-ibpw s]mXp-k-tΩ-f-\hpw (2010 P\p-hcn 10, 11)

114

115

116

117

tZhmeb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW kvac-WnI 2010 {]Im-i\w {io. tPmkv sI. amWn Fw.-]n. \n¿Δ-ln-°p-∂p.

tZhmeb IqZm-i-tbm-S-\p-_-‘n®v \n¿Ωn®v sImSp-°p∂ `h-\-ß-fpsS Xmt°m¬Zm\w {io. sI.-kn. tPmk^v Fw.-F¬.F \n¿Δ-ln-°p-∂p.

em≥UvkvtI-]nwKv h¿Ivkv, Ce-Iv{Sn-°¬ te_¿ h¿Ivkv XpS-ßn-bh sNbvXp X∂ CS-h-Imw-K-߃°pw\n¿ΩmW tIm¨{Sm-IvS¿°pw D≈ D]-lmcw CS-hI sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ \¬Ip-∂p.

118118

119119

e-N-{I-Øns‚ Xncn -®n -en -\n -S -bn¬

]pXnb am\w tXSn hS°v \n∂pw

Ing°p \n∂pw bYm-{Iaw FØnb

c≠v bmt°m-_mb kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym\n

IpSpw-_-߃, Abva\w ]Ip-Xn-bn¬s∏´ \´m-

t»cn, s]cp-ºm-bn-°mSv Ic-I-fpsS \m´p-{]-am-Wn-

am-cn¬ \n∂pw ImW-]m´ hyh-ÿ-bn¬ e`n®

\ne-ß-fn-epw ]pc-bn-S-ß-fn-epw Im¿jnI hrØn-

bpw Imen-h-f¿Øpw \SØn Pohn®v t]m∂p.

kw{IahmWn`w sIm≠v Ncn{X {]kn-≤-

amb \oen-aw-Kew {]tZ-iØv Irjn°pw I®-h-

S-Øn-\p-ambn 17˛mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ DØ-cm¿≤w apX-

emWv kpdn -bm\n {InkvXym-\n -Iƒ h∂p

Xmakw XpS-ßn-b-Xv. Ncn{X tcJ-I-f-\p-k-cn®v

IqØm-́ p-Ip-f-Øn\p kao-]-ap≈ ]pcm-X-\-amb

hS-Ic hn. tbml-∂m≥ amwtZm-\mbpsS \ma-

Øn-ep≈ ]≈n CS-h-I-bnse C©-°pgn IpSpw-

_-Øn¬ \n∂p h∂v ac-ßm-́ n¬ ]pc-bn-S-Øn¬

Xma-k-am-°n-b-hcpw aW¿ImSv sk‚ v tacokv

]≈n CS-h-I-bnse C´n-tb-SØv IpSpw-_-Øn¬

\n∂v h∂v sIm√≥In-g-t°-Xn¬ ]pc-bn-S-Øn¬

Xma-k-am-°n-b-hcpw Cu IpSn-tb-‰-°meØp

Xs∂ Cu {]tZ-iØv Xma-k-°m-cm-bn-cp∂ ]pd-

tØ v́ IpSpw-_-°mcpw BWv \oen-aw-Kew {]tZ-

isØ BZysØ bmt°m-_mb hnizm-kn-I-

fmb kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ. ssZh hnizm-

k-Ønepw {InkvXob Pohn-X-Ønepw XojvW-

X-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂ Ch¿ Xß-fpsS Bflob Bh-

iy-߃ \nd-th-‰p-∂-Xn\v tIm´-b-Øn-\-SpØv

ssZh-am-Xm-hns‚ \ma-Øn¬ ÿm]n-®n-´p≈

sNdnb ]≈n-tbbpw aW¿ImSv hn. a¿Ø-a-dnbw

]≈n-tbbpw B{i-bn®v t]m∂p.

]Xn-‰m-≠p-Iƒ ]n∂n-́ -t∏mƒ Cu IpSpw-

_- ]-c-º-c-bn¬ s] -́hcpw Cu IpSpw-_-ß-fn¬

\n∂pw kv{XoIsf hnhmlw sNbvXp Cu {]tZ-

i-ß-fn¬ Xma-kn-®-h-cp-ambn Ht´sd IpSpw-_-

߃ \ne-hn¬ h∂p. A°m-eØv bm{X kuI-

cy-Øns‚ A]-cym-]vX-Xbpw Ime-h¿j-Øns‚

sISpXnbpw aqew Xß-fpsS acn-®-h-cpsS ih

kwkvIm-cw sNdn-b-]-≈n-bnepw aW¿ImSv

]≈nbnepw \S-Øp-∂-Xn\v Nne-t∏m-sg-¶nepw

Ch¿°v t¢iw kln-t°-≠n-h-∂n-́ p-≠v.

sIm√-h¿jw 1080˛mw B≠v Bb-t∏m-

tg°pw Ccp-\q-dn¬]cw h¿jw ChnsS Ncn{X

]mc-º-cy-ap≈ ]nXm-°-∑m¿ Xß-fpsS IqSn-

]m¿∏n-\-SpØv Hcp ]f-fn-bv°pw skan-tØ-

cnbv°pw ÿew Is≠-Øm-\p≈ {ia-am-cw-̀ n-®p.

X¬^-e-ambn ac-ßm-´n¬ IpSpw-_mw-K-amb

aßm´p-Im-em-bn¬ {io. t]mØ≥ tImcpf

sIm√-h¿jw 1082˛mw B≠v I∂n amkw c≠mw

Im

120120

121121

XobXn, tIm´bw ]Ip-Xn-bn¬ 988˛mw \º-cmbn

cPn-kvd-d¿ sNbvX B[m-c-{]-Imcw, sNdp-ss]-

ßfw ]mS-ti-J-c-Øn\v Ing-°mbn ÿnXn

sNøp∂ Xs‚ ]≈n-∏p-dØv Ip∂p-Ime ]pc-

bn-S-Øn¬ \n∂v Htc-°¿ ÿew ]≈nbv°pw

skan-tØ-cn-bv°p-ambn Zm\w \¬In. F∂m¬

]≈n ]Wn XpS-ßp-∂-Xn-\p≈ Iev]\ e`n-°p-

∂-Xn\v ]ns∂bpw \mfp-Iƒ Gsd th≠n h∂p.

]mW-ºSn hn. a¿Ø-a-dnbw ]≈n-bn¬

I_-d-S-ßn-bn-cn-bv°p∂ ae-¶c sa{Xm-t∏m-

eoØm \n. h. Zn. {io. ]utemkv tam¿

Iqdn-temkv Xncp-a-\- nse Iev]\ {]Imcw

sIm√-h¿jw 1090 aI-c-amkw 6˛mw XobXn

ChnsS hn. ssZh-am-Xm-hns‚ \ma-Øn¬ Hcp

]≈n ]Wn-bp-∂-Xn\p inem-ÿm-]\w \SØn.

k¿Δ {ioam-∑m-cmb aßm´pIm-em-bn¬

t]mØ≥ tImcp-f, h -́bv°m-́ p-Imembn¬ sNdn-

bm≥, If¿a-‰-Øn¬ Ipcy≥ Ipcy≥, ]\-t®-a-‰-

Øn¬ sF∏v amWn, Ipº-f-Øn¬ Ipcy≥

t]mØ≥, ]md-bn¬ sXmΩ≥ Ipcy≥ XpS-ßn-

b-h-cpsS t\Xr-Xz-Ønepw Cfw Xe-ap-d-°m-cpsS

kl-I-c-W-Ønepw 16 tIm¬ \of-Ønepw 6

tIm¬ hoXn-bn-ep-ambn apfw-Iq v́ sIm≠v ]≈n

sI´nbp≠m-°n. ]. At¥m-Jym-knw-lm-k-\-

Øn¬ ASn-bp-d®v hniz-kn-°p∂hcmb Chn-

SpsØ P\-ß-fpsS Bflo-b-Im-cy߃ \S-Øp-

∂-Xn-\p-th≠n, ae-¶csa{Xm≥ A`n-hμy Iqdn-

temkv Xncp-ta\n Fcp-Øn-bv°¬ _lp.

a¿t°mkv tPmk v̂ IØ-\msc Npa-X-e-s∏-Sp-

Øp-Ibpw sNbvX-tXmsS \ΩpsS ]q¿Δ ]nXm-

°-fpsS Nnc-Im-em-̀ n-emjw km[n-X-am-bn. 1090

Ipw -̀amkw 24˛mwXobXn Rmb-dmgvN B ]≈n-

bn¬ BZy-ambn hn. Ip¿∫m\ A¿∏n°-s∏-́ p.

ImØn-cp-∏ns‚ Hcp hymg-h-́ -°m-e-Øn\p

tijw am{X-amWv F√m Rmb-dm-gvNbpw ChnsS

_en A¿∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ̀ mKy-ap-≠m-b-Xv. CS-

h-I-bnse Bflob {]h¿Ø-\-߃ \S-Øp-∂-

Xn¬ Fcp-Øn-bv°¬ A®≥ A£oWw ]cn-

{i-an -®n -cp -∂p. I√pw achpw D]-tbm-Kn®v

]≈nbv°p `nØnbpw ta¬°qcbpw \n¿Ωn-°p-

∂-Xn\pw ]cn-ip≤ aZv_-lm-bpsS ]Wn XpS-ßp-

∂-Xn-\pw A°m-eØv km[n-®p. 12 h¿jsØ

CS-hI tkh-\-Øn\v tijw sIm. h. 1102 ˛¬

hm¿≤-Iy-k-l-P-amb AkpJw aqew Fcp-Øn-

°¬ A®≥ hnImcn ÿm\Øv \n∂v ]n≥hm-

ßp-Ibpw Bep-hm Xr°p-∂Øp skan-\mcn

]≈n-bn¬ I_-d-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂ \n. h. Zn. {io.

]ueqkv tam¿ AØm-\m- n-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-

bpsS (h-enb Xncp-ta-\n) Iev]\ {]Imcw ap∏m-

Øn-bn¬ _lp. aØmbn IØ-\m¿ (-sN-dp-sIm-

ºn-e-®≥) CS-hI `cWw Gs‰-Sp-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXp.

Cu Ime-L-´-Øn¬ Xs∂ t\cn-b{¥

_lp. aØmbn IØ-\m-cpsS tkh-\hpw CS-

h-Ibv°p e`n-®n-́ p-≠v.- _-lp. Fcp-Øn-bv°-e-

®s‚ ImeØv XpSßnh® aZv_-lm-bpsS

]Wn]q¿Øo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw sIm. h. 1103

aI-c- am-k-Øn¬ ]≈n-bpsS IqZmi tIm -́bw,

\nc-Ww, Xpº-a¨ `{Zm-k\ sa{Xm-s∏m-eoØm

\n.-h.-Zn.-{io. aoJm-tb¬ am¿ Zoh-∂ym-tkym-kv

Xncp -a -\ psIm≠v \S-Øn -°p -∂-Xn\pw

km[n-®p.

sIm√-h¿jw 1101 (1926) Ipw -̀am-k-Øn¬

At¥ymJym ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kns‚ ae-¶-c-bnse

{]Xn-\n[n, Ip∂w-Ipfw B¿Øm‰v ]≈n-bn¬

I_-d-S-ßn-bn-cn-bv°p∂ \n.-h.Zn.{io. …o_m

tam¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv Xncp-a\ psIm≠v Cu

]≈n-bn¬ Fgp-∂-≈n-h-cn-Ibpw ]cn-ip≤ Iua

]nXm-hns‚ Xncp-ti-jn∏v aßm-́ p-Im-em-]p-c-bn-

S-Øns‚ Ing°v hiØv A∂v D≠m-bn-cp∂

Ipcp-in≥ sXm´n-bn¬ ÿm]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

F√m h¿jhpw hn. ssZh-am-Xm-hns‚ hnØp-

Isf {]Xn-bp≈ s]cp-∂mƒ sIm≠m-Sp-tºmƒ

Cu Ipcn-in≥ sXm´n-bn-tebv°p BtLm-j-

]q¿Δ-amb dmk \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂p.

Imem-¥-c-Øn¬ Ipcp-in≥sXm-´n-bpsS

Po¿tÆm-≤m-cW {]h¿Ø\w \S-Øm≥ _p≤n-

ap-́ p-≠m-hp-Ibpw 1944 ̨ ¬ Cu Ipcn-in≥sXm´n

]≈n-ap-‰-tØ°v am‰nÿm]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

Ipcn-in≥sXm´n ]p\x{]XnjvT \n. h. Zn. {io.

aoJm-tb¬ tam¿ Zoh-∂m- n-tbm v Xncp-a-\- p-

sIm≠v \n¿h-ln-®p.

sIm. h. 1106 (1931) ¬ ap∏m-Øn-bn¬

_lp. aØmbn IØ-\m¿°v ]I-c-ambn h -́°p-

t∂¬ IpSpw-_mw-K-amb R≈-\m v́ _lp. amWn

IØ-\msc \nb-an-®p-sIm≠v CS-hI sa{Xm-t∏m-

eoØ \n.h.Zn.{io. aoJm-tb¬ tam¿ Zoh-∂m-

 n-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n I¬]\ \¬In. kl-hn-

Im-cn-bmbn Npt≠hmte¬ _lp. bmt°m_v

IØ-\mcpw \nb-an-X-\m-bn.

122122

123123

Gsd Xma-kn-°msX Npt≠-hm-te¬

bmt°m_v IØ-\m¿ k`-hn´p t]mI-bm¬

R≈-\m´v _lp. amWn-°-Ø-\msc CS-hI

tN¿Øv ] -́°m-c-\mbn `cWw \S-Øp-hm≥ CS-

hI sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm A\p-aXn \evIn. \ΩpsS

]≈n-bn¬ ap∏-Øn-b©v h¿j-tØmfw R≈-

\m v́ _lp.amWn IØ-\m¿ tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn-®p

sIm√-h¿jw1107 (1932)Xpemw 16˛mw

XobXn sXt°-h-´-bv°m´pImem-bn¬ sXmΩn

aI≥ amØ≥ tIm´bw k_vcPn-Ãm¿ Hm^o-

 n¬ 12˛mw \º-cmbn cPn-ÿ sNbvX B[m-c-

{]-Imcw 13 sk‚ v ]pc-bnSw ]≈n°v Zm\-ambn

\evIn. Imem-¥-c-Øn¬ Cu hkvXp ]≈n-°m-

cy-Øn¬ \n∂v hnev°pI-bp-≠m-bn.

sIm√-h¿jw 1108 ¬ ac-ßm-´n¬ IpSpw-

_-]-c-º-c-bn-ep≈ If-Øp-]-Sn-bv°¬ Xd-hm-

´nse IpSpw-_-\m-Y≥ ]md-bn¬ {io. Ipcy≥

sXmΩ≥, ]≈nbv°v Ing-°p-hiw tN¿∂p InS-

°p∂ Htc°¿ ÿew Zm\-ambn \evIn.

]qhw\nev°p-∂-Xn¬ sXmΩn, h -́bv°m-́ p-

Im-em-bn¬ sNdn-bm≥ kvIdn-b, IÆ≥ sXm´n-

bn¬ Ipcy≥ Ipcy≥ F∂n-h-cpsS t\Xr-Xz-

Øn¬ Cu CS-h-I-bn¬s]´ 27 IpSpw-_-°m¿

tN¿∂v \mec sk‚ v ÿew hmßn, ]≈nbv°v

Ing-°p-h-i-Øp-IqSn t]mIp∂ hgn-tbm-cØv Hcp

Ipcn-in≥ sXm´n ]WnXv sIm. h. 1114˛¬

]≈nbv°v Zm\-ambn \¬In. CXmWv C∂sØ

]≈n-∏p-dØv Ipcp-in≥sXm´n. CXn\p Np‰p-ap≈

aXn¬ ]n∂oSv hf-sc-Im-e-Øn\p tijw ]Wn-

Xo¿Ø-Xm-Wv.

aIcw 15 \v ]cn-ip≤ I\y-I-a-dn-b-mans‚

hnØp-Isf {]Xn-bp≈ s]cp-∂mƒ, taSw 19 \v

Koh-dp-Kokv kl-Zm-bpsS \ma-Øn-ep≈ s]cp-

∂mƒ, anYp\w 24 \p tbml-∂m≥ amwtZm-\m-

bpsS \ma-Øn-ep≈ s]cp-∂mƒ, F-´p-t\mºv

BN-cWw F∂nh apS°w IqSmsX \S-Øn-t∏m-

cp-I-bpw ]e h¿j-ß-fnepw CS-h-I-°m¿ s]cp-

∂mƒ G‰v \S-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p.

1936 ¬ Znhm≥ k¿ kn. ]n. cma-kzman

Aø-cpsS {]tXyI DØ-chv hgn Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-

dnse F√m ]≈n hI skan-tØ-cnbv°pw

aXn¬ sI´n Xncn-®n-cn-bv°-W-sa-∂p≈ \nbaw

{]m_-ey-Øn¬ hcp-I-bpw AXn≥ {]Imcw

\ap°v skan-tØcn \jvS-s∏-Sm-sX-bn-cn-°p-∂-

Xn -\p -th≠n Hcp Np‰p -a -Xn -ens‚ ]Wn

c≠m-gvN-bv°Iw ]q¿Øo-I-cn -bv°p-Ibpw

sNbvXp. A∂sØ CS-hI P\-ß-fpsS

A£oW ]cn-{iaw sIm≠p am{X-amWv CXp

km[n-®-Xv. skan-tØcn ]Wn -]q¿Øn-bm-

btXmsSm∏w ]≈n-apdn IqSn \n¿Ωn-°p-∂-Xn\v

km[n-®p.

kwh-’-c-߃ ]n∂n-́ -t∏mƒ CS-h-I-bpsS

hf¿®-°-\p-kr-X-ambn ]≈n hen-∏-s∏-Sp-tØ-

≠n-h-∂p. Hcp kl hnImcnbpsS tkh-\hpw

Bh-iy-ambn h∂p. s]mXp-tbmK \n›-b-{]-

Imcw hnImcn R≈-\m v́ _lp. amWn IØ-

\msc klm-bn-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn 1948 \hw-_¿

amk-Øn¬ aT-tØ v́ {io. tImcpf tbml-∂m-

s‚bpw {ioaXn adn-bm-Ω-bp-sSbpw GI ]p{X≥

{io. Ipcym-t°m-kn\v CS-hI sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm

\n. h. Zn. {in. aoJm-tb¬ tam¿ Zoh-∂m-kn-

tbmkv Xncp-a-\ v sIm≠v siΩmi ]´w \¬In.

k`-bnse t{ijvT-a-ev]m-∑m-cn¬ -\n∂v kpdn-

bm\n ]TnØw ]q¿Øn-bm-°nb siΩ-i\v 1952

¬ Bephm Xr°p-∂Øv skan-\m-cn-bn¬ h®v

Koh-dp-Kokv tam¿ {KotKm-dn-tbmkv Xncp-a-\- p-

sIm≠v I»oim ]´w \evIn.

\t∂ sNdp-∏-Øn¬ Xs∂ kt≠ kvIqƒ

A≤ym-]-I-\m-bn-cp∂ aT-tØ´v _lp. Ipcym-

t°mkv -Iio»m kt≠-kvIqƒ {]Ya A≤ym-

]-I-\mbn tkh\w XpS¿∂p. -]≈n hcp-am-\-ß-

fmb ]nSn-b-cn, sI´p-sXßv F∂nhbpsS GIo-

I-c-Ww \S-∏n-em-°p-∂-Xn¬ At±lw hnPbw

ssIh-cn-®p. CS-h-I-bpsS A∂sØ Bim-Zo-

]w F√m-h-scbpw ZpxJØn¬ BgvØn sIm≠v

1955 HIvtSm-_¿ H∂mw XobXn AIm-e-Øn¬

s]men-™p. XpS¿∂v CS-hI hnIm-cnsb `c-W-

Øn¬ klm-bn-°p-∂-Xn\v ]md-bn¬ _lp. tP-

°_v A®s‚ tkh\w e`n-®p.

1952 ¬ ]≈n ]pXp°n ]Wn-bp-∂-Xn-\p≈

Btem-N-\-I-fp-ambn \ΩpsS ]nXm-°-∑m¿

apt∂m-́ p-h-∂p. BZysØ Btem-N\ {]Imcw

A∂p-≠m-bn-cp∂ sNdnb ]≈nbv°v c≠p hi-

tØbv°pw Nm¿Øv \n¿Ωn-°p-∂-Xn-\m-bn-cp∂p

Dt±-iw. 1953 Bb-t∏m-tg°pw ]≈n ]Wn-bpsS

]≤Xn hn]p-e-s∏-Sp-Øn, C∂p≈ ]≈n-bpsS

]Wn XpS-ßp-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]pØ≥]p-c-bn¬

{io. kn.- Fw. Nmt°m-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬

k¿Δ {ioam-∑m-cmb amXyp G{_-lmw -Ip-º-f-

Øn¬, aT -tØ´v tImcpf tbml-∂m≥,

124124

125125

sXt° h´-bv°m´pImem-bn¬ C´n Ahn-cm,

Cug-am-en¬ sF∏v Cu∏≥, ]gq¿ amØ≥,

sIm√w Ing-t°-Xn¬ sF∏v tImc, amt∏m-Sn-

bv°¬ amØ≥, If-Øp-]-Sn-bv°¬ h¿°n

Ipcy≥, ]Sn-™msd Ipgn-bm-ºm v́ amWn-am-Wn,

DZbw]pØq¿ Nm≠n, ]md-bn¬ sXmΩ≥

Ipcy≥, IÆm-º-S-Øn¬ t]mØ≥ Nmt°m

XpSßn a‰p F√m CS-h-I-°m-cp-sSbpw kl-I-

c-W-Øn¬ ]≈n ]Wn Du¿÷n-X-ambn XpS-ßn.

CS-h-I-°m-cn¬ \n∂p ]n-cnhv tiJ-cn®pw CS-

h-Ibv°p ]pd-Øp-\n∂pw ]WwkzoI-cn-®p-amWv

]≈n-]Wn \S-Øn-b-Xv. ]≈n ]Wn-bv°m-h-iy-

amb CjvSnI apgp-h≥ {io. ]n.-sF. ]p∂≥

]mem-ºSw kw`m-h-\-bmbn X∂n-́ p-≈-Xm-Wv.

\mev h¿jw sIm≠v (1956) ]≈n-bpsS

aZv_lm Hgn-sI-bp≈ ]Wn ]q¿Øo-I-cn-®p. Cu

kμ¿`-Øn¬ CS-hI `c-W-Øn\v klm-b-I-

ambn Hcp CS-h-Imw-K-Xz-Øn\v I»oim-]´w

\evtI-≠-Xns‚ Bh-iyw s]mXp-tbm-K-Øn\v

t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-Ibpw AX-\p-k-cn®v Nne-º-́ p-t»-

cn¬ {io. amXyp-hn-s‚bpw {ioaXn adn-bm-Ω-bp-

sS-bpw Cfb ]p{X≥ {in. kn.-Fw. tPmWn\v

Cu ]≈n-bn¬ h®v sIm®n I≠-\mSv `{Zm-k\

sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm \n. h. Zn. {io. ]utemkv

tam¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv Xncp-ta\n siΩm-i-]´w

\¬Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp.

1958 ¬ kap-Zm-b-t°-kn¬ D≠mb

kp{]ow tImSXn hn[nbpw AXns\ XpS¿∂p

]. ]t{Xm- ns‚ ss«lnI knwlm-k-\-Øn¬

Bcq-V-\m-bn-cn-°p∂ \n. h. Zn. a.-a. {io. C·m-

Øn-tbmkv bm°q_v XrXo-b≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv

_mhm-bpsS 1958 Unkw. 16˛mw Xob-Xn-bnse

kam-[m\ Iev]\ A\p-k-cn®pw k`-bnse

_mhm I£n, sa{Xm≥ I£n \ne-]m-Sn¬ \n∂v

amdn k`m-a-°ƒ°v Hcp-an®v {]h¿Øn-bv°p-hm-

\p≈ kml-N-cyw D≠m-bn.

Gsd Xma-kn-bmsX ae-¶-c-bn¬ ̀ n∂n∏pw

1960 ¬ At¥ym-Jy≥ aqhvsa-‚pw \ne-hn¬ h∂p.

F°m-ehpw At¥ymJym knwlm-k-\-tØm-

sSm∏w Dd-®p-\n-∂n-cp∂ Cu ]≈n-bnse _lp-

`q-cn-]-£-Øns‚ hnizm-kw kwc-£n-°-bv°-s∏-

SmsX h∂ kml-N-cy-Øn¬ Cu ]≈n-bnse

Bcm-[\ apS-ßn. Cu Ime-L-́ -ßfn¬ kXy

hnizmkkwc-£-W-Øn-\p-th≠n CS-hI apgp-

h≥ bmX-\bpw thZ-\bpw kln-bvt°≠n h∂n-

´p-≠v. CØ-cp-W-Øn-se√mw t\Xr-ÿm-\Øp

{]h¿Øn® k¿Δ {ioam-∑m-cmb tImcpf tbml-

∂m¬ aT-tØ´v, h¿°n Ipcy≥ If-Øp-]-Sn-

bv°¬, sF∏v Cu∏≥ Cug-am-en¬, sF∏v

amWn Icn-∏m¬, amØ≥ ]gq¿, sI.bp amWn

Ipgn-bm-ºm-´v, Ipcy≥ h¿Kokv If-Øp-]-Sn-

bv°¬, amXyp G{_lmw Ipº-f-Øn¬, amWn

Cug-am-en¬, XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS tkh\w kvac-Wo-

b-am-Wv.

a™-\n-°-c-bn¬ I_-d-S-ßn-bn-cn-bv°p∂

]cn-ip≤ Gen-bmkv XrXob≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv

_mhm-bpsS I_-dn-¶-te°v Im¬\-S-bmbn

Xo¿∞bm{X-t]m-Ip∂ `‡-P-\-߃ 1958

apX-emWv \ΩpsS ]≈n-bn¬ FØn XpS-ßn-b-

Xv. Ahsc kvt\l]q¿Δw Ct∏mgpw kzoIcn®p

D®-̀ -£Ww \evIn hcp-∂p-≠v. h¿jw tXmdpw

Xo¿∞m-S-I-cpsS FÆw h¿≤n®p hcp-∂p.

1960 ¬ Cu ]≈n-bn¬ Bcm-[\m

kuIcyw \jvSs∏-´-t∏mƒ Bflob Imcy-

߃°v apS°w hcm-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v ]≈n ]pc-

bn-S-Øn\v sXm -́Sp-Øp≈ ac-ßm-́ n-emb cma-\m-

´p-X-d-bn¬ {io. Ipcy≥ hI ]pc-bn-S-Øn¬

Nm∏¬ \n¿Ωn-°p-Ibpw At¥ymJym hnizm-kn-

I-fpsS Bflob Imcy-߃ hnLv\w IqSmsX

\S∂p t]mcp-Ibpw sNbvXp. XpS¿∂p I√p-¶{X

_lp. tXmakv I»oimbpsS `c-W-Øn\p

Iogn¬ CS-hI {]h¿Øn®p h∂p. At¥ymJym

hnizm-k-Øn¬ Xo£-vW-amb \ne-]m-Sp≈ Cu

CS-h-I-°m¿°v s]mXp-tbmKw IqSn X¶-fpsS

Bflob Bh-iy-߃ \nd-th-‰p-∂-Xn\v CS-h-

I-bnse Hcw-K-Øn\v I»oim-]´w sImSp-°-

W-sa∂v Xocp-am-\n-bv°p-Ibpw CXns‚ ]›m-

Ø-e-Øn¬ Cug-am-en¬ {io. sF∏v Cu∏-

s‚bpw {ioaXn kmdm-Ω-bp-sSbpw Cfb ]p{X≥

{io. Cu. sF. Cu∏\v CS-hI sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm

\n. h. Zn. a. a. {in. ]ueqkv tam¿ ]oeIvko-

t\mkv Xncp-a-\- p-sIm≠v 1961˛¬ siΩm-ip-]´w

\evIp-Ibpw sNbvXp. 1964 ¬ At¥ymJym

]m{Xn-b¿°okv \n.h.Zn.a.a.{io. C·m-Øn-

tbmkv bm°q_v XrXo-b≥ _mhm Xncp-a-\ v

sIm≠v ae-¶-c-bn-te°v Fgp-∂≈n hcp-Ibpw

HutK≥ tam¿ Xotam-Øn-tbm-kns\ ae-¶-c-bpsS

ImtXm-en°m Bbn hmgn-bv°p-Ibpw BI-am\

ae-¶c kpdn-bm\n k -̀bn¬ kam-[m\w ssIh-

cp-Ibpw sNbvXp. XpS¿∂v henb ]f-fn-bn¬

126126

127127

Bcm-[\ ]p\-cm-cw-̀ n-°p-Ibpw Bflob Imcy-

߃ _lp. R≈-\m´p amWn-I-Ø-\m-cp-sSbpw

Nne-º-́ p-t»-cn¬ tPm¨ I»oim-bp-sSbpw I√p-

¶{X tXma v I»oim-bp-sSbpw apdw-X-q-°n¬

Ae-Ivkm-≠¿ I»oim-bp-sSbpw kl-I-c-W-

Øn¬ \S∂p hcn-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cug-am-en¬

Cu∏≥ siΩm-i≥ I¿Ωm-Zn-Iƒ°v klm-bn-

bmbn XpS¿∂p.

1965 sabvam-k-Øn¬ A\m-tcmKyw aqew

R≈-\m´v amWn-I-Ø-\m¿ hnc-an-bv°p-Ibpw

I√p-¶{X tXmakv IØ-\m¿ ÿew amdn

t]mhp-Ibpw sNbvX-t∏mƒ CS-h-I-hn-Im-cn-bmbn

Nne-º-́ p-t»-cn-bn¬ _lp. tPm¨ I»oimNpa-

Xe Gs‰-Sp-Øp. 1971 Pqsse amk-Øn¬ thZ-

imkv{X D]-cn-]-T-\-Øn-\mbn Cu∏≥ siΩm-

i≥ hntZ-i-tØbv°v t]mbn.

1971˛72 Ime-b-f-hn-emWv C∂sØ aZv_-

lm-bpsS ]Wn ]q¿Øo-I-cn-®-Xv.

1972˛¬ am¿ HutK≥ ImtXm-en°m \ho-

\-knw-lm-k\hmZw D∂-bn-®Xv k -̀bn¬ ho≠pw

`n∂n-∏ns‚ hnØv ]mIp-Ibpw 1975 Bb-t∏m-

tgbv°pw At¥ymJym knwlm-k-\-tØmSp

Iqdp ]pe¿Øn-bn-cp∂ Cu ]≈n hnImcn Nne-

º-´p-t»-cn¬ tPm¨ I»oim \ho\

knwlm-k-\-hm-Z -Øn\v t\Xr-Xzw

\¬Ip∂ ]£-tØbv°p Xncn-bp-Ibpw

sNbvX-t∏mƒ henb ]≈n-bnse Bcm-

[-\bv°v apS°w h∂p. ̀ qcn-]-£w hcp∂

At¥ymJym hnizm -kn -Iƒ henb

]≈nbv°v kao-]-ambn ac-ßm-´n-emb

cma-\m-´p-X-d-bn¬ {io. G{_-lm-ans‚

]p{X-∑m-cmb tImcp-fbpw Nmt°mbpw

Zm\-ambn \evInb ÿeØv, ÿn-camb

Nm∏¬ ]WnXv kXy-hn-izmkw kwc-£n-

°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n Bcm-[\ \S-Øn-t∏m-

∂p. Xpcp-tج tP°_v I»oimbpw

aW-te¬ tPmk^v I»oimbpw Cu

L -́Øn¬ CS-h-I-bpsS Bflo-bm-h-iy-

߃ \nd-th-‰n. XpS¿∂p ^m. tP°_v

I°m-´n¬ ^m. ss\\m≥ ItÆ-cn¬

F∂n-h¿ CS-h-I-bpsS kmcYyw hln®p t]m∂n-

cp-∂p.

1977 apX¬ CS-h-I-̀ -cWw \S-Øn-bXv bph-

[o-c\pw I¿Ω-{]m-]vX-\pw F√m-h-cp-sSbpw

kvt\l-hm -bv] - pIfpw t\Sm≥ km[n®

_lp. sFk°v \¿°o¬ A®-\m-sW∂p≈Xv

{]tXyIw {]kvXm-hy-am-Wv. 1975 apX¬ 1980 hsc

CS-h-Ibv°v bmX-\-bp-sSbpw thZ-\-bp-sSbpw

Ime-am-bn-cp-∂p. 1980 se Ncn-{X-{]-[m-\-amb

tIcf sslt°m-SXn hn[nsb XpS¿∂v 1980

Pq¨ amkw 24˛mw Xob-Xn, tZhm-ebw Xpd∂p

Bcm-[\ ]p\-cm-cw-̀ n-bv°p∂Xn\v km[n-®p.

XpS¿∂p-≠mb AKv\n ]co-£-W-ßsf

AXn-Po-hn-°p-∂-Xn\v CS-hI H‰-s°-́ mbn \ne-

sIm-≠p. Cu Ime-L-́ -Øn¬ {io. Ipcy≥ h¿-

Kokv If-Øp-]-Sn-bv°¬, G{_lmw Nmt°m

cma-\m-́ p-X-d-bn¬, Fw.-kn. Ipcym-t°mkv aÆq¿

XpS-ßn-b-h¿ t\XrXzw \¬In-t∏m∂p . CS-hI

`cn-®n-cp-∂-hn-Imcn ^m.-sF-kIv \¿°o-ens‚

[ocX CS-h-I-°m-cpsS hnizmk Xo£vWX

h¿≤n-∏n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.

1981˛¬ Km‘n-\-K-dn¬ \mec sk‚ v

ÿew Nm∏¬ ]Wn-bp-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n hmßm≥

Ign-™p. 1981 BK-Ãn¬ CS-hI sa{Xm-t∏m-

eoØm \n. h. Zn. {io. Koh-¿-Kokv tam¿ {KotKm-

dn-tbmkv Xncp-a-\- p-sIm≠v Cu ÿeØv

Ipcnip ÿm]n-®p. a™-\n-°-c-bn¬ I_-

dßnbncn-°p∂ ]. Gen-bmkv XrXo-b≥ _mhm-

bpsS 50˛mw {im≤-s∏-cp-∂mƒ BtLm-jn-°p-∂-

Xn\v th≠n 1982 s^{_p-h-cn-bn¬ ae-¶-c-bn-

tebv°v Fgp-∂-≈nb At¥ymJym ]m{Xn-

b¿°okv \n. h.-Zn. a. a {io. C·m-Øn-tbmkv

kJm {]Y-a≥ _mhm Xncp-a-\- n\v 1982

\n. h.-Zn. a. a {io. C·m-Øn-tbmkv kJm {]Y-a≥ _mhm Xncp-a-\- n\v 1982s^{_p-hcn 12˛mw XobXn Km‘n-\-K¿ Ipcn-in≥sXm-́ n-bn¬ kzoI-cWw \¬Ip-∂p.

128128

129129

s^{_p-hcn 12˛mw XobXn Cu ]≈n-bpsS B`n-

ap-Jy-Øn¬ Km‘n-\-K¿ Ipcn-in≥sXm-´n-bn¬

kzoI-cWw \¬Ip-I-bp-≠mbn. Km‘n\K¿

Ipcnip ]≈n-bpsS inem-̂ -eIw _mhm Xncp-a-

\- p-sIm≠v At∂-Zn-hkw Bin¿h-Zn-®p. 1982

G{]nen¬ ̂ m. sFk°v \¿°o¬ ÿew amdn-

t∏m-hp-Ibpw ^m. amWn I√m-∏pdw hnIm-cn-

bmbpw ^m. tPmk v̂ tPm¨ sh´p-Ipgn kl-

hn-Im-cn-bmbpw CS-hI `cWw Gs‰-Sp-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXp.

1983 ¬ tIh-ew aq∂vamkw sIm≠v

NmØp-Ipfw Ipcn-in≥ sXm´n ]pXp-°n-∏-Wn-Xp.

1984 P\p-hcn amkw 15˛\v t{ijvT ImtXm-en°m

_mhm Xncp-a-\- nse {][m\ Im¿an-I-Xz-

Ønepw CS-hI sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm Koh¿Kokv

tam¿ {Ko-tKm-dn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS kl-

Im¿an-I-Xz-Ønepw Ipcn-in≥ sXm´n-bpsS IqZmi

\n¿Δ-ln-®p. CXns‚ ]Wn-Iƒ°v {SÃn Cug-

am -en¬ Cu∏≥ Nmt°mbpw I¨ho-\¿

G{_lmw Nmt°m cma -\m -´p -X -d -bnepw

t\XrXzw \evIn.

aT-tØ v́ {io. tImcpf tbml-∂m≥ Zm\-

ambn \evInb Hcp sk‚ v ÿe-ØmWv NmØp-

Ipfw Ipcn-in≥sXm´n ÿnXn sNøp-∂-Xv.

1982 ¬ kl-hn-Imcn ^m. tPmk^v

tPm¨ sh´p-Ipgn ÿew amdn-t∏m-hp-Ibpw

^m. Ipcym-t°mkv aqe-bn¬ kl hnIm-cn-bpsS

Npa-Xe Gs‰-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. 1984 ¬ ]≈n

]pc-bn-S-Øn\v sX°v tN¿∂v 10 sk‚ v ÿew

hmßp-∂-Xn\v km[n-®p.

Zo¿L-Imew k¨tU-kvIqƒ slUvam-

Ã-dmbpw ]≈n-bnse a‰v F√m A≤ym-flnI

{]h¿Ø-\-߃°pw {io. F.-sP. Nm≠n ]md-

°m-em t\XrXzw \¬In-. - \ΩpsS ]≈n-bn¬

ip{iq-j-I-cmbn Xmg-tج {io. amØ≥ amWn-

bpw {io. amWn amØ-\pw Zo¿L-Imew tkh\w

A\p-jvTn-®p.

1985 G{]n¬ amk-Øn¬

IqSnb s]mXp-tbmK \n›-b-{]-

Imcw Km‘n-\-K-dn¬ ]. Gen-

bmkv XrXob≥ _mhm-bpsS \ma-

Øn¬ Ipcn-ip-]≈n ]Wn Bcw-̀ n-

®p. {SÃn Xe-b-\m´p aT-Øn¬ {io.

sI.-bp. amWn, I¨ho-\¿ ]gq¿

Ipgn-bm-ºm v́ {io. ]n.-Fw. amXyp

XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn-

emWv Ipcn-ip-]≈n ]Wn XpS-ßn-

b-Xv. hnIm-cn-bmbn Xpcp-tج

^m. amXyq-kns\ \nb-an®v In´p-

Ibpw kl-hn-Imcn ^m. Ipcym-

t°mkv aqe-bn¬ ÿew amdn

t]mhp-Ibpw ]Icw kl-hn-Im-cn-

bmbn ^m . amWn I√m-∏pdw \nb-

an-X-\m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

kl\ i‡nbpw tkh-\-]m-c-º-cyhp-

ap≈ ^m. amXyqkv Xpcp -tØ-en -s‚bpw

^m. amWn I√m-∏p-d-Øn-s‚bpw `cWw CS-h-

Ibv°p \h-ssN-X\yw ]I¿∂p.

1987 BZy -hm -c -Øn¬ Km‘n-\ -K¿

1984 P\p-hcn amkw 15˛\v t{ijvT ImtXm-en°m _mhm Xncp-a-\- nse {][m\ Im¿an-I-Xz-Ønepw, CS-hI sa{Xm-t∏m-enØm Koh¿Kokv am¿{Kn-tKm-dn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS

kl-Im¿an-I-Xz-Ønepw NmØp-Ipfw Ipcn-in≥ sXm´n-bpsS IqZmi \n¿Δ-ln-°p∂p.

Km‘n \K¿ Nm∏-ens‚ IqZmi Koh¿Kokv tam¿ {KotKm-dn-tbmkv

Xncp-a-\- p-sIm≠v \n¿Δ-ln-°p-∂p.

130130

131131

Ipcn-ip-]-≈n-bpsS ]Wn ]q¿Øn-bm-Ip-Ibpw

1987 P\p-hcn 13˛mw XobXn CS-hI sa{Xm-t∏m-

eoØm Xncp-a-\- p-sIm≠v CXns‚ IqZmi

\n¿h-ln-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Fw.-kn. tdmUns‚

Ing°v hiw tN¿∂v Km‘n\K¿ Ih-ebv°p

kao]w Xe FSpØp \nev°p∂ Cu Ipcn-ip-

]≈n BI-am\ bmt°m-_mb k`bv°v F∂pw

A`n-am-\-kvXw-̀ -am-Wv. ]. Gen-bmkv XrXo-b≥

_mhm-bpsS Xncp-ti-jn∏v Cu Ipcnip]≈n-bn¬

1988 s^{_p-hcn amk-Øn¬, {]tXy-I-ambn

Xøm-dm-°n-bn-cn-°p∂ I_-dn¬ ÿm]n-®n-´p-

≈Xv CS-h-Ibv°v A\p-{K-l-Øn\pw hmgvhn\pw

CS-bm-Ip∂p.

]≈n `cW \n¿h-l-W-Øn\v klm-b--

amIpw hÆw 1987 apX¬ s]mXp-tbmKw AwKo-

I-cn® \S-]Sn N -́߃ \ne-hn¬ h∂p.

1988 sabvam-k-Øn¬ _lp. amXyqkv Xpcp-

tج I»oimbpw _lp. amWn I√m-∏p-dØv

I»oimbpw ÿew amdn t]mhp-Ibpw _lp.

tP°_v amXyp tIma-S-Øp-t»-cn¬ I»oim

hnIm-cn-bm-bpw _lp. Ipcym-t°mkv tNmdm-‰n¬

I»oim kl-hn-Im-cn-bmbpw CS-hI `cWw

Gs‰-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

ssZhnI hc-Zm-\-ß-fmb kt¥m-j-Øn-

s‚bpw ]c-kv]c kvt\l-Øn-s‚.bpw t{ib- n-

s‚bpw {]Xo-I-am-bn-´mWv tZhm-e-b-ß-fn¬

Pq_nen BtLm-jn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬

\ΩpsS ]≈n ÿm]n-X-ambn 75 h¿jw ]n∂n-́ -

t∏mƒ am{X-amWv Pq_nen BtLm-jn-°p-∂-Xn-

\p≈ Ah-kcw ssZh-Ir-]-bm¬ D≠m-b-Xv. 1990

P\p-hcn apX¬ 1991 P\p-hcn hsc πm‰n\w

Pq_nen h¿j-ambn BtLm-jn-°p-∂-Xn\pw

hnhn[ I¿Ω-]-cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ \S-∏m-°p-∂-Xn\pw

1989 Unkw-_¿ 17˛mw XobXn IqSnb s]mXp-

tbmKw Xocp-am-\n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. Pq_nen

satΩm-dn-b¬ ]mcn-jvlm-fns‚ inem-ÿm-]\

I¿Ωw 1990 P\p-hcn 14 \v t{ijvT ImtXm-en-

°m-_mh \n. h. Zn. {io. _tk-en-tbmkv

]utemkv ZzoXn-b≥ Xncp-a-\ v sIm≠v \n¿h-

ln-®p. Hcp h¿jw \o≠p \n∂ πm‰n\w Pq_nen

BtLm-j-ß-fpsS `mK-ambn k -̀bnse A≤ym-

flnI kwL-S-I-fpsS tIm´bw `{Zm-k\Xe

GI-Zn\ ktΩ-f-\-߃ (k¨tU kvIqƒ, h\n-

Xm-k-am-Pw, sshZoI-tbm-Kw apX-em-b-h), bqØv

At m-kn-tb-j≥ ]T-\-Iym-ºv, t\{X-Nn-In’m

Iymºv, skan-\m-dp-Iƒ, CS-hI Zn\w, kvt\l-

hn-cp∂v apX-em-bh \S-Ø-s∏-́ p. CtXm-S-\p-_-

‘n®v CS-h-I-bn¬ kvXpXy¿l-amb Poh-Im-

1990 G{]n¬ 12˛mw XobXn ae-_m¿ `{Zm-k-\m-[n-]≥ \n.h.Zn.{io.tUm. tbmlm-t∂m≥ am¿ ]neIvkn-t\mkv sa{Xm-t∏m-enØm Xncp-a-\- p-sIm≠v Im¬I-gp-I¬ ip{iqj \SØp∂p.

Pq_nen BtLm-j-ß-fpsS DZvLm-S\w t{ijvT ImtXm-en°m _mhmXncp-a-\- p-sIm≠v \n¿h-ln-°p-∂p. at\m-ca No^v FUn-‰¿ {io. sI.-Fw.amXyp tIm´bw `{Zm-k\ sk{I-́ dn ^m. ]n.-]n. tPmk^v tIm¿ F∏n-kvt°m-∏m, ^m. Pbnwkv I≠-ap-≠m-cn¬, ^m. tP°_v amXyp tIma-S-Øp-ti-cn¬ (hn-Im-cn), ^m. Ipdn-bm-t°mkv tNmdm-‰n¬ (k-l-hn-Im-cn) F∂n-h¿ thZn-bn¬

Pq_nen satΩm-dn-b¬ ]mcojv lmfns‚ inemÿm]-\-I¿Ωwt{ijvT ImtXm-en°m _mhm Xncp-a-\- p-sIm≠v \n¿Δ-ln-°p-∂p.

132132

133133

cp-Wy-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃°v \mμn Ipdn-®p.

Pq_nen h¿j-Øn¬ \ΩpsS ]≈n-bn¬

BZy-ambn Im¬I-gp-I-¬ ip{iqj \S-Øp-hm≥

`mKy-ap-≠mbn. 1990 G{]n¬ 12˛mw XobXn ae-

_m¿ `{Zm-k-\m-[n-]≥ \n. h. Zn. {io. tUm.

bqlm-t\m≥ tam¿ ]oeIvko-t\mkv sa{Xm-t∏m-

eoØm Xncp-a -\- p-sIm≠v Im¬I-gp -I¬

ip{iqj \S-Øn. Pq_nen BtLm-j-ß-fpsS

`mK-ambn Hcp kph-\odpw {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-I-bp-

≠m-bn.

hnImcn _lp. tP°_v amXyp tIma-S-

Øp-t»-cn¬ I»oim, kl-hn-Imcn _lp. Ipcym-

t°mkv tNmdm-‰n¬ I»oim P-\-d¬ I¨ho-\¿

{io. G{_lmw Nmt°m cma-\m-´p-X-d-bn¬,

I¨ho-\¿am-cmb k¿Δ-{io. Cu∏≥ Nmt°m

Cug-am-en¬, sI. sI. Ipcp-hnf If-Øp-]-Sn-

bv°¬, Fw.-kn. Ipcym-t°mkv aÆq¿, ]n.-Fw.

tPmk^v ]gq¿ Ipgn-bm-ºm-´v, sI.-Fw. amWn

Ipº-f-Øn¬, sI.- hn. amØ≥ Ccp-́ p-am-en¬,

]n.-sI.-amXyp ]gq¿]-́ m-Wn-°m-e, {SÃn {io. Fw.-

sI. t]mØ≥ aßm-́ p-Im-em-bn¬, sk{I-́ dn {io.

sI.-sI. Ipcy≥ IÆ≥sXm-́ n-bn¬ XpS-ßn-b-h¿

Pq_nen BtLm-j-ß-ƒ°v t\XrXzw \¬In.

1991 sabvam-k-Øn¬ hnIm-cn-bmbn _lp.

Koh¿§okv tX°m-\Øv I»oimbpw kl-hn-Im-

cn -bmbn ]pfn-°-∏-d-ºn¬ _lp. tXmakv

I»oim-bpw ÿm\-ta-‰p. 1992 P\p-hcn 15 ˛mw

XobXn ]mcn-jvlmƒ \n¿ΩmW {]h¿Ø-\-ß-

fpsS DZvLm-S\w CS-hI sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm A`n-

hμy tUm. Koh¿Kokv tam¿ {KotKm-dn-tbmkv

Xncp-ta\n \n¿Δ-ln-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. CS-h-Imw-K-

ß-fn¬ \n∂v hnln-X-ambpw hy‡n-hm-bv]-

bmbpw kam-l-cn® XpI hn\n-tbm-Kn®v BZy-

L´ \n¿ΩmW {]h¿Ø-\-߃ XpS-ßn. Cu

L -́Øn¬ {io. cmP≥ kmw ASp-ap-dnbn¬ KWy-

amb XpI hmbv]-bmbn \¬Ip-I-bp-≠m-bn.

BZy-L´ \n¿ΩmW {]h¿Ø-\-߃°v k¿Δ

{in. G{_lmw Nmt°m cma-\m-´p-X-d-bn¬,

Cu∏≥ Nmt°m Cug-am-en¬, sI. sI. Ipcp-

hnf If-Øp-]-Sn-bv°¬, sI.-Fw. amWn Ipº-f-

Øn¬, cmPp sI. amXyp IÆ≥sXm-´n-bn¬

XpS-ßn-b-h¿ t\XrXzw \¬In.

1993 s^{_p -hcn 10˛mw XobXn

At¥ymJym {]Xn -\n[n am¿ At{]w

Xotam-Øn-tbmkv B_pZn Xncp-a-\- p-sIm≠v

πm‰n\w Pq_nen kam-]\ ktΩ-f\w 1991¬ B¿®v _nj∏v am¿ tPmk^v]uΔ-Øn¬ DZvLm-S\w sNøp-∂p. ctaiv sN∂n-Øe Fw.-]n., CS-hI sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm A`n-hμy tUm. Koh¿Kokv tam¿ {KotKm-dn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØmF∂n-h¿ kao-]w.

1993 s^{_p-hcn amk-Øn¬ ]mcn-jvlm-fns‚ IqZm-i-I¿Ωw CS-hI sa{Xm-t∏m-enØm A`n-hμy tUm. Koh¿Kokv tam¿ {KntKm-dn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-enØmXncp-a-\- p-sIm≠v \n¿h-ln-°p∂p.

1993 s^{_p-hcn 10˛mw XobXn At¥ymJym {]Xn-\n[n am¿ At{]w Xntam-Øn-tbmkv B_pZn Xncp-a-\- p-sIm≠v tZhm-e-b-Øn¬ Fgp-s∂≈n a™-\n-°c Xo¿∞m-SI kaq-l-tØ-bpw, CS-hItbbpw Bin¿h-Zn-°p∂p.

134134

135135

tZhm-e-b-Øn¬ Fgp-s∂≈n a™-\n-°c

Xo¿∞m-SI kaq-l-tØ-bpw CS-hItbbpw

Bin¿h-Zn-®p. 1993 s^{_p-hcn amk-Øn¬ ]mcn-

jvlm-fns‚ IqZm-i-I¿Ωw CS-hI sa{Xm-t∏m-

eoØm A`n-hμy tUm. Koh¿Kokv tam¿

{KotKm-dn-tbmkv Xncp-a-\- p-sIm≠v \n¿h-ln-®p.

1994 sabvam-k-Øn¬ hnIm-cn-bmbn I≠-

ap-≠m-cn¬ _lp. sPbnwkv I»oimbpw kl-

hn-Im-cn-bmbn aÆq¿ _lp. tP°_v sNdn-bm≥

I»oimbpw ÿm\-ta-‰p.

1997 sabvam-k-Øn¬ hnIm-cn-bmbn Ing-

t°-SØv _lp. Ipcym-t°mkv I»oim ÿm\-

ta-‰p. _lp A®s‚ t\XrXzw CS-h-I-bn¬

]pXnb DW¿hv D≠m-°n. 1997 \hw-_¿

amkØn¬ ]mcn-jvlm-fns‚ Ah-km-\-L´

\n¿ΩmW {]h¿Ø-\-߃ Bcw-`n-°p-Ibpw

Npcp-ßnbka-bw-sIm≠v ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXp.{io.sI.kn.Nmt°m I≠w-sI-́ n-b-Xn¬

{io. sI.-sI. sF∏v Icn-∏m¬ F∂n-h¿ Cu

{]h¿Ø-\-߃°v t\XrXzw \¬In.

2000 sabv am-k-Øn¬ tIm´-∏p-dØv

_lp. ^oen-t∏mkv I»oim hnIm-cn-bmbn

ÿm\-ta-‰p. CS-h-I-bpsS Bflo-bhpw euIo-

I-hp-am-bp≈ hnI-k\w e£y-am°n _. A®≥

hnhn[ ]≤-Xn-Iƒ Xøm-dm°n {]h¿Ø\w

\SØn. Bdv e£w cq]-bpsS ^≠v CS-h-Imw-

K-ß-fn¬ \n∂v Xh-W-I-fmbn kam-l-cn-°p-∂-

Xn\v Xøm-dm-°nb ]≤-Xn CXn¬ H∂p am{X-

amWv. {io. sI.Fw . De-l-∂m≥ Ipgn-bm-ºm-́ v,

{io. ]n.-Fw. amXyp ]gq¿]pØ≥]pc F∂nh¿

hnI-k-\-^≠v kam-l-c-W-Øn\v t\XrXzw

\¬In. 2001 P\p-hcn amk-Øn¬ ]≈n-]p-c-bn-S-

Øn\v sX°p-h-i-Øp≈ 11.5 sk‚ v ÿew

hmßp-hm≥ km[n-®p.

CS-h-I-bpsS Nnc-Im-em-̀ n-em-j-am-bn-cp∂

Hm^okv tImwπ-Ivkns‚ \n¿ΩmWw 2001

sk]v‰w-_¿ 14˛mw XobXn A`n-hμy a¿t°mkv

tam¿ Iqdn-temkv Xncp-ta\n inem-ÿm-]\w

\SØn Bcw-`n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. F´p-e-£-Øn

A≥]-Øn-c-≠m-bncw cq]m sNe-hn¬ tIhew

\mev amkw sIm≠v \n¿ΩmW {]h¿Ø-\-߃

]q¿Øn-bm-°n.

2002 P\p-hcn 13˛mw XobXn CS-h-I-

sa-{Xm-t∏m-eoØm A`n-h-μy tXmakv tam¿

Xotam -Øn -tbmkv Xncp -ta\n Hm^okv

tImwπIvkv IqZmi sNbvXv Koh¿Kokv tam¿

{KotKm-dn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm-bpsS (s]-cp-

º≈n Xncp-ta\n) \ma-t[-b-Øn¬ \ma-I-cWw

sNbvXp. {io. ]n.-Fw. tXmakv ]qhw\n¬°p-

∂-Xn¬ {in. sI.-sI. ]oen-t∏mkv Ipº-f-Øn¬

{io. ]n.-Fw. amXyp ]gq¿ ]pØ≥]pc F∂n-h¿

Cu {]h¿Ø-\-߃°v t\XrXzw \¬In.

2003 am¿®v amk-Øn¬ ]≈n-]p-c-bn-S-

Øns‚ sX°p-h-i-Øp≈ 28 sk‚ v ÿew

hmßp-hm≥ km[n-®p.

kt≠-kv-Iqƒ hnZym¿∞n-I-fpsS

]T-\m-h-iy-Øn\mbn Hcp lmƒ \n¿Ωn-°pI

At¥mJym {]Xn-\n[ntbmsSm∏w amt\-PnwKv IΩ‰nbwK-ß-ƒ

Hm^okv tImwπ-Ivkns‚ IqZmi

]mcn-jvlm-fns‚ c≠mw-L´ IqZmi

136136

137137

F∂ CS-h-I-bpsS Nnc-Im-em-̀ n-em-jw k -̂e-

am-°n-s°m≠v lmfns‚ inem-ÿm-]\w 2002

sk]v‰w-_¿ 14˛mw XobXn A`n-hμy a¿t°mkv

tam¿ Iqdn-temkv Xncp-ta\n \n¿h-ln-®p. ka-

b-_-‘n-X-ambn \n¿ΩmWw ]q¿Øo-I-cn® Cu

lmfns‚ IqZmi 2003 G{]n¬ 27˛mw XobXn

A`n-hμy CS-hI sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm tXma v

tam¿ Xotam-Øn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n \n¿hln®v

A`n-hμy aoJm-tb¬ tam¿ Zohm-∂m-tkymkv

Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS t]cn¬ \ma-I-cWw sNbvXp.

{io. ]n.-Fw. tXmakv ]qhw\nev°p-∂-Xn¬, {io.

sI.-sI. ]oen-t∏mkv Ipº-f-Øn¬ F∂n-h¿ Cu

{]h¿Ø-\-߃°v t\XrXzw \¬In.

2003 sab v amk-Øn¬ hnIm-cn-bmbn tIm -́

bn¬ _lp. sNdn-bm≥ I»oim ÿm\-ta‰p.

Bdp-am-k-Øn-\p-tijw _lp. sNdn-bm≥

A®≥ Cfw-Ipfw kqt\m-tdm-]-≈n-bn-te°v \nb-

an -°-s∏-´-Xn-\m¬ XpS¿∂p≈ c≠p amk-

tØmfw hμy Ipcym-t°mkv tImsd-∏n-kvt°m∏

Ing-t°-SØv Xmev°menI hnIm-cn -bmbn

tkh\w A\p-jvTn-®p.-Xp-S¿∂v hμy sI.-F-≥.

G{_lmw tImsd-∏n-kvt°m∏m tImX-tIcn¬

hnIm-cn-bmbn ÿm\-ta-‰p.

]e-{]m-hiyw am‰n-h-bv°-s∏´ kwcw-̀ -amb

s]mXp I_¿ \n¿ΩmWw 2004 ¬ Bcw-̀ n-®p.

32 sk√p≈ s]mXp-I-_¿ 2005 G{]n¬ amk-

tØmsS 3.75 e£w cq]m sNe-h-gn-®p ]q¿Øo-

I-cn-°m≥ km[n-®p. {SÃn ]n.-Fw. tXmakv ]qhw

\n¬°p-∂-Xn¬ sk{I-́ dn {io. cmPp sI.-amXyp

IÆ≥-sXm-́ n-bn¬ F∂n-h¿ Cu kwc-̀ -Øn\v

t\XrXzw \¬In.

2005 sabv amkw kl-hn-Im-cn-bmbn tIm -́

bn¬ _. sNdn-bm≥ I»oim \nb-an-X-\m-bn.

2005 Pqsse 3 ̨ mw XobXn t{ijvT ImtXm-

en°m _mhm Bephm Xr°p-∂Øv skan-\m-

cn-bn¬ A\p-jvTn® D]-hm-k-k-a-c-tØmSv sFIy-

Zm¿Vyw {]Jym-]n-®p-sIm≠v Cu CS-h-I-bn¬

\n∂v ]s¶-SpØhcn¬ {io. tPm¿÷v G{_lmw

sIm√-∏-≈n¬, {io. _nt\mbv hn. tPm¿÷v hen-

b-]-d-ºn¬, {io. Xºm≥ ]n. h¿Kokv ]pd-tØ v́,

{io. sI. kn. km_p sNdp-hn-c-en¬, F∂n-h¿

Pbn¬ hmkw A\p-̀ -hn-°p-Ibpw CS-h-Imw-K-ß-

fmb {io. sI. sI. amWn Ipº-f-Øn¬,

{io. ]n. sF. amØ≥ ]gq¿ ]≈n-∏p-dØv

(X-∂m≠v {SÃn) F∂n-h¿°v t]meo-kns‚ {Iqc-

a¿±\w G¬t°≠n hcp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

2005 Unkw-_dn¬ ]≈n B^o-kn\v

sXm´p-In-g-°p-h-i-Øp≈ 17 sk‚ v ÿew

]≈nbv°v Xodm-[m-c-Øn-eqsS kz¥-am-°p-∂-

Xn\v km[n-®p.

2005 ¬ ]≈n ÿm]n-X-am-bn v́ 90 h¿jw

XnI™p. \h-Xn-bpsS \nd-hn¬ tZhm-ebw

]pXp-°n-∏-Wn-bp-∂-Xn-\p≈ B{Klw CS-h-Imw-

K-ß-fn¬ i‡n-s∏SpIbpw 2005 \hw-_¿ 20 \v

IqSnb ]≈n-s∏m-Xp-tbmKw Cu e£yw \nd-th-

‰p-∂-Xn\v 51 AwK-ß-fp≈ Hm¿K-ss\-knwKv IΩ-

‰nbpw hnhn[ k_v IΩ-‰nIfpw cq]o-I-cn-°p-I-

bp-w sNbvXp.

CS-hI sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ A`n-hμy tXma-

kv tam¿ Xotam-Øn-tbmkv Xncp-a-\- p-sIm≠v

2006 P\p-hcn 8˛mw XobXn Rmb-dmgvN ]≈n-

bn¬ Fgp-s∂≈n hnip≤ Ip¿∫m\ A¿∏n-°p-

Ibpw tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW ASn-ÿm\

ine Bio¿h-Zn-°p-Ibpw \n¿ΩmW ^≠v

tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿Ωm-W- ^≠v DZvLm-S\ s]mXp-k-tΩ-f\w

kt≠-kv-Iqƒ lmfns‚ inem-ÿm-]\w 2002 sk]v‰w-_¿ 14˛mw XobXnA`n-hμy a¿t°mkv am¿ Iqdn-temkv Xncp-ta\n \n¿h-ln-°p∂p.

138138

Bi

w-k-I

-tfms

SB

iw-k

-I-tf

msS

Bi

w-k-I

-tfms

SB

iw-k

-I-tf

msS

Bi

w-k-I

-tfms

S:

I

cn-∏

m¬ s

I.-F

w. I

pcy\

pw I

pSpw-_

hpw

139139

DZvLm-S\w sNøp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

2006 Pq¨ amk-Øn¬ hnIm-cn-bmbn Imhp-

¶¬ _lp. amXyqkv I»oim ÿm\-ta-‰p.

_lp. A®s‚ Du¿P-kz-e-amb t\XrXzw CS-

h-I-bn¬ tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW {]h¿Ø-

\-߃°pw Poh-Im-cpWy {]h¿Ø-\-߃°pw

DW¿Δv krjvSn-®p.

2007 s^{_p-hcn 10˛mw XobXn At¥ym-

Jym -{]-Xn-\n[n e≠≥ B¿®v _nj∏v A`n-hμy

tSmam tam¿ AØm-\m-tkymkv Xncp-a-\- p-

sIm≠v tZhm-e -b-Øn¬ Fgp -∂≈n hn. -

Ip¿_m\ A¿∏n-°p-Ibpw a™-\n-°c Xo¿∞m-

S\ kaq-l-sØbpw CS-h-I-sbbpw Bin¿h-Zn-

°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

]≈n-bpsS ̀ c-W-\n¿Δ-lWw kpXm-cyhpw

Imcy -£-ahpw B°p-∂-Xn\v th≠n

Xøm-dm-°nb \ho-I-cn® ]≈n \nb-am-hen

s]mXp-tbm-Kmw-Ko-Im-c-tØmsSbpw A`n-hμy

CS-hI sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS 31˛08˛07 se 58/

2007˛mw \º¿ A\phmZ Iev]-\-tbmsSbpw 2007

sk]v‰w-_¿ H∂p apX¬ {]m_-ey-Øn¬

h∂p. Cu \nb-am-hen{]Imcw CSh-Isb

sk‚ v tPm¨kv hm¿Uv, sk‚ v tPm¿Pv hm¿Uv,

am¿ Iuam hm¿Uv, am¿ Ipcym-t°mkv hm¿Uv,

am¿ Gen-bmkv hm¿Uv F∂n-ßs\ A©p

hm¿Up-I-fmbn Xncn®v `c-W-k-an-Xn-bw-K-ßsf

sXc-s™-Sp-°p-∂p. ]≈n \nb-am-hen {]Imcw

ta¬∏Sn hm¿Up-I-fn¬ hm¿Up-Xe {]m¿∞-\m-

tbmK-߃ kam-cw-̀ n-®p.

2007 sk]v‰w-_¿ 14˛mw XobXn hn. …o_m-

s]-cp-∂mƒZn\-Øn¬ CS-hI sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm

A`n-hμy tXmakv tam¿ Xotam-Øn-tbmkv Xncp-

a-\- p-sIm≠v ]pXn-b-]-≈n-bpsS aZv_lm

ÿnXn sNøp∂ ÿeØv ]≈n ]p\¿\n¿Ωm-

W-Øn-\m-bp≈ Bin¿h-Zn® ASn-ÿm-\-ine

ÿm]n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.

]≈n ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS

DZvLm-S\w 2008 P\p-hcn 18˛mw XobXn hnØp-

Isf {]Xn-bp≈ hn. ssZh-am-Xm-hns‚ Hm¿Ω-

s]-cp-∂mƒ Zn\-Øn¬ ]cn-ip≤ F∏n-kvt°m-

∏¬ kp∂-l-tZmkv sk{I-´dn A`n -hμy

tPmk^v tam¿ {KotKm-dn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-

eoØm \n¿Δ-ln-®p. ]≈n-bpsS HutZym-KnI

s h _ v s s k ‰ v " w w w. s t m a r y s c h u r c hneelimangalam.com'' A`n-hμy Xncp-ta\n

At∂-Zn-hkw DZvLm-S\w sNbvXp.

2008 am¿®v amk-Øn¬ sNdp-ss]-ßfw

At¥ym-Jym -{]-Xn-\n[n e≠≥ B¿®v _nj∏v A`n-hμy tSmam am¿AØm-\m-tkymkv Xncp-ta\n hn.-Ip¿_m\ A¿∏n-°p-∂p.

(2007 s^{_p-hcn)

At¥ym-Jym -{]-Xn-\n[n e≠≥ B¿®v _nj∏v A`n-hμy tSmam am¿AØm-\m-tkymkv Xncp-ta\n CS-h-Isb Bio¿h-Zn-°p-∂p.

(2007 s^{_p-hcn)

]pXp-°n-∏-Wn-bp∂ tZhm-e-b-Øns‚ASn-ÿm-\-in-em-̂ -eIw A`n. CS-hI sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm tXmakv am¿

Xotam-Øn-tbmkv Xncp-a-\- p-sIm≠v A\m-—m-Z\w sNøp-∂p.

140140

141141

]mS-ti-J-c-Øn¬s∏-́ Xpw ]≈n-bpsS hS-°p-̀ m-

KØv ]≈n-hI Nnd-tbmSp tN¿∂v InS-°p-∂-

Xp-amb 75 sk‚ v \new hmßp-hm≥ km[n-®p.

^m. amXyqkv Imhp-¶¬ hnIm-cn-bm-bn-

cp∂ Ime-b-f-hn¬ Poh-Im-cpWy {]h¿Ø-\-ß-

fpsS ̀ mK-ambn c≠v hoSp-Iƒ ]q¿Æ-ambpw Hcp

hoSv `mKo-I-ambpw \n¿Ωn®v \evIp-hm≥ CS-h-

Ibv°v km[n-®p.

Km‘n-\-K¿ Nm∏-en¬ \ho-I-cn® aZv_-

lm-bp-sSbpw ]cn-ip≤ Gen-bmkv XrXo-b≥

]m{Xo -b¿°okv _mhm-bpsS I_-dn -

s‚bpw IqZmi 2008 G{]n¬ 18 \v CS-hI

sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm A`n-

hμy tXmakv tam¿

Xotam-Øn-tbmkv Xncp-a-\-

 p-sIm≠v \n¿Δ-ln-®p.

2008 Pq¨am-k-Øn¬

hnIm-cn-bmbn Nnc-h-Ød

_lp. B≥{Uqkv I»o

im ÿm\-ta-‰p.

tZhm -eb ]p\¿

\n¿ΩmWw kvt‰ sNø-

W-sa∂v Bh-iy-s∏´v

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`m

t\XrXzw O.S.No.130/2008 {]Imcw _lp.

G‰p-am -\q¿ ap≥kn^v

tImSXn ap≥]msI

^b¬ sNbvX A\ymbw _lp. tImSXn X≈n-

s°m≠v DØ-c-hm-bn.

]cn-ip≤ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm-bpsS

4˛maXv ssilnI kμ¿i\ thf-bn¬,

]pØ≥Ip-cn-inse k`m Bÿm-\Øv sh®v,

2008 HIvtSm-_¿ 22˛mw XobXn ]pXnb ]≈n-

bpsS aZv_-lm-bn¬ ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ASn-

ÿm\ ine ]cn-ip≤ _mhm Bio¿h-Zn®v

\¬Ip-I-bp≠m-bn. tZhm-eb ]qap-JsØ

{][m\ I´nf 2008 \hw-_¿ 9˛mw XobXn

knwlm-k-\-]-≈n-I-fpsS sa{Xmt∏meoØ A`n-

hμy Koh¿Kokv tam¿ Zoh-∂ym-tkymkv Xncp-

ta\n Bin¿h-Zn®v ÿm]n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.

2009 Pq¨amk-Øn¬ πmw]-d-ºn¬ _lp.

Ipcym-t°mkv I»oim kl-hn-Im-cn -bmbn

ÿm\-ta-‰p.

]≈n ap‰Øv ÿm]n-®n-cn-°p∂ ]pXnb

Km‘n-\-K¿ Nm∏-ense ]pXp°n ]Wn-X ]x Gen-bmkv XrXo-b≥ ]m{Xn-

b¿°okv _mhm-bpsS I_-dns‚ IqZmi A`n-hμy tXmakv tam¿ Xotam-Øn-

tbmkv Xncp-ta\n \n¿Δ-ln-°p-∂p.

At¥ymJy {]Xn-\n-[n-tbmsSm∏w- am-t\-PnwKv IΩ‰nbwK-߃

I¬°p-cniv IqZmi A`n-hμy Ipcym-t°mkv tam¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n

142142

143143

I¬°p-cn-ins‚ IqZmi 2009 Unkw-_¿ 27˛mw

XobXn Iv\m\mb AXn-̀ {Zm-k\ dm∂n taJem

sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm A`n-hμy Ipcym-t°mkv am¿

Cuhm-\n-tbmkv Xncp-a-\- p-sIm≠v \n¿Δ-ln-°p-

I-bp-≠m-bn. ]gb Ipcn-in≥ sXm´n-bn¬ ÿm]n-

®n-cp∂ tam¿ Iuam ]nXm-hns‚ Xncp-ti-jn∏v

]pXnb Ipcn-in≥sXm-́ n-bn-te°v am‰n ÿm]n-

®p.

FÆm-bncw NXp-c-{i- ASn hnkvXo¿Æ-

ap-≈Xpw H∂c tImSn-bn¬∏cw cq]m \n¿Ωm-

W-sN-e-hp-ap≈ ]pXp°n ]WnX tZhm-e-b-

Øns‚ aqtdm-\-`n-tjI IqZmi 2010 P\p-hcn

10,11 (Rm-b¿, Xn¶ƒ) XobXn--I-fn¬ \S-Øs∏´p.

tZhm-eb IqZm-i-bpsS H∂mw-L´w P\p-hcn

10˛mw XobXn Rmb-dmgvN sshIp-t∂cw 6

aWn°v k‘ym {]m¿∞-\sb XpS¿∂v CS-h-I-

sa-{Xm-t∏m-eoØm A`hμy tXmakv

tam¿ Xotam-Øn-tbmkv Xncp-a-\- ns‚

{][m\ Im¿Ωn-I-Xz-Ønepw ]cn-ip≤ F∏n-

kvt°m-∏¬ kp∂-l-tZmkv sk{I-́ dn A`n-hμy

tPmk v̂ tam¿ {KotKm-dn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-

Øm, At¥ymJym hnizmk kwc-£-W-k-an-Xn-

bpsS {]kn-U‚ v A`n-hμy Gen-bmkv tam¿

AØm-\m-tkymkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm, ae-_m¿

`{Zm-k-\m-[n-]≥

A`n-hμy kJ-dn-

bmkv tam¿ ]oe-

Ivkot\mkv sa

{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm,

ssaem-∏q¿ `{Zm-

k-\m-[n-]≥ A`n-

hμy sFkIv

tam¿ HkvØm-

Øn-tbmkv sa{Xm-

t∏m-eoØm F∂n-

h-cpsS kl-I-c-

W-Ønepw \S-Ø-

]pØ≥Ip-cniv ]m{Xn-b¿°m sk‚-dn¬ ]. ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm-tbm-sSm∏wamt\-PnwKv IΩ-‰n-bw-K-߃, ]≈n ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW IΩ-‰n-bw-K-߃, B≤ym-flnI kwL-S\m `mc-hm-ln-Iƒ F∂n-h-¿ (2008 HIvtSm-_¿ 22)

tZhm-eb IqZm-i-bpsS H∂mw L´w (2010 P\p-hcn 10)

144144

145145

s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠m-bn. tZhm-eb IqZm-i-bpsS c≠mw

L´w P\p-hcn 11˛mw XobXn Xn¶-fmgvN cmhnse

8 aWn°v {]`mX {]m¿∞-\sb XpS¿∂v t{ijT

ImtXm-en°m B_q≥ tam¿ _tk-en-tbmkv

tXmakv {]Y-a≥ _mhm-bpsS apJy-Im¿Ωn-I-Xz-

Ønepw CS-hI sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm A`n-hμy

tXmakv tam¿ XotamØntbmkv Xncp-a-\- n-s‚-

bpw, A`n-hμy sFkIv tam¿ HkvØm-Øn-

tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bp-sSbpw kl-Im¿Ωn-

I-Xz-Ønepw \S-Ø-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠m-bn. XpS¿∂v

\S∂ hn. aq∂n≥ta¬ Ip¿∫m-\bv°v t{ijvT

ImtXm-en-°m-_mhm apJy-Im¿Ωn-IXzw hln-®p.

tZhm-eb IqZm-i-bn-epw s]mXp-k-tΩ-f-\-Ønepw

tI{μ-a{¥n {io. sI.-hn. tXma-kv, {]Xn-]-£-t\-

Xmhv {io. DΩ≥ Nm≠n, {io. tPmkv sI. amWn

Fw.-]n., Fw.-F¬.-F. amcmb {io. sI. kn.

tPmk v̂, tXmakv Nmgn-Im-S≥, hn. F≥. hmk-

h≥ a‰p P\-{]-Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ, k -̀bnse \nc-h[n

tImsd-∏n-kvt°m-∏m-am¿, sshZn-I¿, siΩm-

i≥am¿, hnhn[ k`m t\Xm-°ƒ, Bbn-c-°-W-

°n\v hnizm-kn-Iƒ F∂n-h¿ ]s¶-Sp-°p-I-bp-

≠m-bn. tZhm-eb IqZm-isb XpS¿∂v \S∂

s]mXp-k-tΩ-f-\-Øn¬ ""tZhm-eb IqZmi kph-

\o¿ 2010'' s‚ {]Im-i-\hpw Poh-Im-cpWy

{]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS `mK-ambn \n¿Ωn®p

\evIp∂ c≠v `h-\-ß-fpsS Xmt°m¬Zm-\hpw

\S-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.

hnImcn ̂ m. B≥{Uqkv Nnc-h-Ø-d, kl-

hn-Imcn ^m. Ipcym-t°mkv πmw]-d-ºn¬, P\-

d¬ I¨ho-\¿ G{_lmw Nmt°m cma-\m-́ p-X-

d-bn¬, tPmbn‚ v P\-d¬ I¨ho-\¿ cmP≥

kmw ASp-ap-dn-bn¬, \n¿ΩmW IΩ‰n I¨ho-

\¿. ]n. -Fw. amXyp ]gq¿ ]pØ≥]p-c,

^n\m≥kv IΩ‰n I¨ho-\¿ sI. sI. sF∏v

Icn-∏m¬, ]_vfn-kn‰n & ]_vfnIv dnte-j≥kv

IΩ‰n I¨ho-\¿ Fw. ]n. Ipcym-t°mkv

]p\¿\n¿Ωn-°-s∏´ tZhm-e-b-Øn¬ {^Ya Ip¿∫m\ t{ijvT ImtXm-en°m _mhm A¿∏n-°p∂p. (2010 P\p-hcn 11)

c≠mw-L´ IqZmi

146146

147147

aßm´p -Im -embn¬, {SÃn sI. F. cmPp

sIm√≥In-g-t°-Xn¬, sk{I-́ dn jnPp kn.-kn.

sNcn-hp-Im-em-bn¬, tPmbn‚ v sk{I-́ dn Xºm≥

]n. h¿Kokv ]pd-tØ-́ v, hnhn[ IΩ-‰n-bw-K-߃

XpS -ßn -b -h¿ tZhm -eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW

{]h¿Ø-\-߃°v t\XrXzw \¬In.

CS-h-I-bn¬ \ne-hn -ep≈ F≥tUm-

hvsa‚p-I-fmb ]md-°mem F.sP. Nm≠n satΩm-

dn-b¬ F≥tUm-hvsa‚ v, If-Øp-]-Sn-°¬ Cu∏-

®≥ satΩm-dn-b¬ F≥tUm-hvsa‚ v, πm]-d-ºn¬

]n.-‰n. h¿Kokv satΩm-dn-b¬ Iymjv Ahm¿Uv

F∂n-hbv°v ]pdsa aT-tØ´v _lp. Ipcym-

t°mkv I»o-im-

bpsS kvacW

\ne-\n -dp -Øp-∂-

Xn\v th≠n IS-

hn¬ shcn. dh.

G{_lmw tImsd-

∏n-kvtIm-∏mbpw

{ioaXn A∂Ω

G { _ - l m a p w

tN¿∂v km[p-P\

]cn-]m-e-\-Øn\v

th≠n Hcp e£w

c q ] m - b p s S

F≥tUm-hvsa‚ v

2010 h¿jw

G¿s∏-Sp-Øp-I-

bp≠mbn.

Cu ]≈n-

bn¬ Ct∏mƒ

260 ¬ ]cw CS-

h-I-`-h-\-ßfpw

Bbn-c-tØmfw

A w K - ß f p w

D≠v. kt≠-

kvIqƒ, h\n-Xm-

k-am -Pw, sl

bn¬tacn eoKv,

hm¿Up-Xe {]m

¿∞-\m -tbm -K -

߃, am¿ C·m-

Øn-tbmkv bq

Øv Atkm-kn-

tb-j≥, A

t¥ymJym hnizmk kwc-£W kanXn F∂o

Bflob {]ÿm-\-߃ Imcy-£-a-ambn {]h¿

Øn®p hcp-∂p.

k¿Δ-i-‡-\mb ssZh-Øns‚ alm-Ir-

]bpw Icp-Wbpw ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ \S-

Øn∏pw ssZh-am-Xm-hmb hnip≤ I\y-I-a-dn-

bman-s‚bpw kIe ]cn-ip-≤≥am-cp-sSbpw ip≤n-

a-Xn-I-fp-sSbpw Znhy-a-lm-a≤yÿ-Xbpw Icp-

Xepw Cu CS-h-Isb DØ-tcm-Øcw A`n-hr-

≤n-bn-te°v \bn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.

tZhm-eb IqZmi s]mXp-k-tΩ-f\w t{ijvT _mhm DZvLm-S\w sNøp-∂p.

tZhm-eb IqZmibpsS inem-̂ -eIw t{ijvT ImtXm-en°m _mhm A\m-—m-Z\w sNøp∂p

148148

-a-™-\n-°c Xo¿∞m-S-I¿°p≈ hc-th¬]v

CS-h-I-Zn\w 2000 CS-h-I-Zn\w 2008

149149

CS-h

-I-Zn

\w

2000

80 h

b-k

n-\p-a

p-I-fn¬

{]

mb-ap-≈

-hsc B

Z-cn-®

-t∏

mƒ

apI

-fn¬

: C

S-Ø

p-\n∂

v 1. A

∂Ω

amW

n C

ug-am-e

n¬, 2. N

n∂Ω

amW

n X

mg-tØ

¬, 3. A

∂Ω

]qh

w-\n¬

°p-∂

-Xn¬

, 4. t

N®

Ω C

´n-

b-h

nc t

Xm´

p-¶¬

sX

t°

-Xn¬

5. N

n∂Ω

h¿°

n sI

m´n-∏

-≈n-I

-tcm-́

v, 6. A

∂Ω

Ipc

p-hnf

]gq¿

Ing

-t°

-Xn¬

, 7. a

dn-b

mΩ a

mWn ]

gq¿

Nme

mIcn 8. F

w.-k

n. adn-b

mΩ a

gp-h

t©

cn]

d-º

Øv

Xms

g: 1. D

e-l

-∂m≥

sN

cn-h

p-Im-e

m-bn¬

, 2. a

mWn I

cn-∏

m¬, 3. G

{_l

mw s

Im√

≥I

n-g-t°

-Xn¬

, 4. h

¿°

n h

¿°

n sI

m´n-∏

-≈n-°

-tcm-

v́, 5. I

pcy≥

cma

-\m-́

p-X-d-b

n¬, 6. s

F∏

v amØ

≥ a

mt∏

m-Sn-°

¬, 7. s

Ndn-b

m≥ k

vIdnb

h-́°

m-́p-I

m-e, 8. a

mXyp ]

qhw-\

n¬°

p-∂-X

n¬,

9. s

F]

v ]gq¿

]-≈

n-∏p-d

-Øv, 10. amX

yp G

{_l

mw I

pº-f-Ø

n¬, 11. amW

n ]

gq¿

Nme

m-I-cn,

12. C

´n-b

-hnc

m h

¿°

n sI

m´n-∏

-≈n-I

-tcm-́

v.

150150

151151

kqcys\ AWn-s™mcp kv{Xo ˛

ssZh-am-Xm-hmb ]cn-ip≤ I\yI adnbw

dh.^m.- B≥{Uqkv

Nnc-h-Ød(hn-Im-cn)

kz¿K-Øn¬ hen-sbmcp AS-bmfw ImWm-\m-bn, kqcys\

AWn-s™mcp kv{Xo, Ah-fpsS Im¬°ogv N{μ\pw Ah-fpsS

Xe-bn¬ ]{¥≠p \£{Xw sIm≠p≈ Inco-Shpw D≠m-bn-cp-

∂p. (sh-fn-]mSv 12:1)]tflmkv Zzo]n¬ I¿Øm-hns‚ Zn\-Øn¬ Bflm-hn¬

ebn-®n-cp∂ tbml-∂m\v Bk-∂-̀ m-hn-bn¬ kw -̀hn-°m-\n-cn-°p-

∂-hsb ssZhw tbip-{InkvXp apJm-¥ncw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-

Sp-Ø-t∏mƒ I≠ Z¿i-\-amWnXv. Cu kz¿§ob Z¿i-\-Øn¬

tbml-∂m≥ «olm-I≠ kqcy≥ BcmWv?

GXp a\p-jy-s\bpw {]Im-in-∏n-°p∂ kXy-sh-fn-®w temI-

Øn-te°p h∂p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p; Ah≥ temI-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

temItam Ahs\ Adn-™n-√; Ah≥ kz¥-Øn-te°ph∂p.

kz¥-ambhtcm Ahs\ ssIs°m-≠n-√. Ahs\ ssIs°m≠v

Ahs‚ \ma-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°p∂ Gh¿°pw ssZh-a-°ƒ BIp-

hm≥ Ah≥ A[n-Imcw sImSp-Øp. Ah≥ c‡-Øn¬ \n∂√

PU-Øns‚ CjvS-Øm-e√; ]pcp-js‚ CjvSØm-ep-a√; ssZh-

Øn¬ \n∂t{X P\n®Xv. hN\w PU-ambn Xo¿∂p. Ir]bpw

kXy-hpw \nd-™-h-\mbn \ΩpsS CS-bn¬ ]m¿Øp. R߃

Ahs‚ tXP v ]nXm-hn¬ \n∂v GI-Pm-X-\m-b-hs‚ tXP- mbn

I≠p. (tbm-l-∂m≥ 1:9˛14).BZn-bn¬ hN-\-ap-≠mbncp∂p. hN\w ssZh-tØm-Sp-IqsS

Bbn-cp-∂p.; hN\w ssZh-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ah≥ BZn-bn¬ ssZh-

tØm-Sp-IqsS Bbn-cp-∂p. kI-ehpw Ah≥ apJm-¥cw Df-hm-

bn.; Df-hm-b-sXm∂pw Ahs\ IqSmsX Df-hm-b-X-√. Ah-\n¬

Poh-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Poh≥ a\p-jy-cpsS shfn-®-am-bn-cp-∂p.

shfn®w Ccp-fn¬ {]Im-in-°p-∂p. Ccptfm AXns\ ]nSn-®-S-°n-

bn√ (tbm:1:1˛6) Cu Xncp-h-N\ {]Imcw {XnXz-Øn¬ c≠m-a-

\mb, hN-\-amb, ssZh-]p-{X-\m-b tbip At{X Cu \oXn

kqcy≥. Ah≥ Xs∂-°p-dn-®p-Xs∂ km£yw ]d-™p. "" Rm≥

temI-Øns‚ shfn-®-am-Ip∂p'' (tbm:8:12) Cu \oXn kqcys\

AWn™ kv{Xn Bcm-bn-cn°pw?

ZqX≥ Ah-tfmSv "" adn -btb `b-s∏-tS-≠, \n\°p

kz¿K-Øn¬ hen-sbmcpAS-bmfw ImWm-\m-bn,kqcys\ AWn-s™mcpkv{Xo, Ah-fpsSIm¬°ogv N{μ\pwAh-fpsS Xe-bn¬]{¥≠p \£{XwsIm≠p≈ Inco-ShpwD≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

152152

153153

ssZh-Øns‚ Ir] e`n-®p, \o K¿`w [cn®v Hcp

aIs\ {]k-hn-°pw, Ah\v tbip F∂p t]¿

hnfn-t°-Ww. Ah≥ hen-b-h-\m-Ipw, AXyp-∂-

Xs‚ ]p{X-s\∂p hnfn-°-s∏-Spw. I¿Øm-hmb

ssZhw Ahs‚ ]nXm-hmb Zmho-Zns‚ knwlm-

k\w Ah\p sImSp-°pw. Ahs‚ cmPy-Øn\v

Ah-km-\-ap-≠m-I-bn√ F∂p ]d-™p........ ]cn-

ip-≤m-flmhv \ns‚-ta¬ hcpw. AXyp-∂-Xs‚

i‡n \ns‚-ta¬ \ng-en-Spw. BsI-bm¬ DZv̀ -

hn-°p∂ hnip≤ {]P ssZh-]p-{X-s\∂p hnfn-

°-s∏-Spw.'' (eqt°m :1:39 -̨45). Cu Xncp-h-N-\-

{]-Imcw \ΩpsS CS-bn¬ ]m¿°p-hm≥ X°-

hÆw hN-\amw ssZh-sØ, \oXn-kq-cys\

K¿`w [cn®v Ah\v PUw \¬Inb ]cn-ip≤

I\y-I-a-dn-b-a-√msX BcmWv B kv{Xo.

"" kv{XoI-fn¬ \o A\p-{Kln°s∏ -́hƒ,

\ns‚ K¿ -̀̂ -ehpw A\p-{K-ln-°-s∏-́ -Xv. Fs‚

I¿Øm-hns‚ amXmhv Fs‚ ASp-°¬ hcp∂

am\w F\n°v FhnsS \n∂p-≠mbn'' F∂v ]cn-

ip-≤m-flmhv \nd-™-h-fmbn skJcy ]ptcm-ln-

Xs‚ `mcy-bmb Gen-k-_Øv ]d-™-Xn≥

{]Imcw \oXn-kq-cy-\mb tbip-\m-Ys\ Xs‚

DZ-c-Øn¬ hln® ]cn-ip≤ I\yI adnbw

At{X B kv{Xo cXv\w. kqcys\ AWn™

kv{XobpsS Im¬Iogv ImW-s∏´ N{μ≥

BcmWv?

kqcy≥ kzbw {]Im-in-°p-∂p. F∂m¬

kzbw {]Im-in-°m≥ Ign-hn-√mØ N{μ≥ kqcy-

\n¬\n∂p {]Imiw kzoI-cn®v temI-Øn\v

shfn®w (\n-emhv ) \¬Ip-∂p.

"" ssZhw Ab-®n v́ Hcp a\p-jy≥ h∂p,

Ah\p tbml-∂m≥ F∂p t]¿. Ah≥

km£y-Øn-\mbn Xm≥ apJm-¥cw F√m-hcpw

hniz -knt°≠-Xn\v shfn -® -sØ-°p -dn®v

km£yw ]d-hm≥ Xs∂ h∂p. Ah≥ shfn-

®--am-bn-cp-∂n-√. shfn-®-Øn\v km£yw ]d-tb-

≠p-∂-h\s{X'' (tbml : 1: 6˛8).shfn-®-Øn\p km£yw ]d-hm≥ h∂

tbml-∂m≥ kv\m]-I≥ ]d-bp∂p "" Bflmhv

Hcp {]mhp-t]mse kz¿K-Øn¬ \n∂pw Cd-ßn-

h-cp-∂Xv Rm≥ I≠p. AXv Ahs‚ ta¬ hkn-

®p. Rmt\m Ahs\ Adn-™n-√. F¶nepw

sh≈-Øn¬ kv\m\w Ign-∏m≥ Fs∂ Ab-®-

h≥ Ft∂m-Sv, Bcp-sS-ta¬ Bflmhv Cd-ßp-

∂Xpw hkn-°p-∂Xpw \o ImWptam Ah≥ ]cn-

ip-≤m-flm-hn¬ kv\m\w Ign-∏n-°p-∂-h≥

BIp∂p F∂p ]d-™p. Aßs\ Rm≥

ImWp-Ibpw Ch≥ ssZh-]p-{X≥ Xs∂ F∂p

km£yw ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn -°p-∂p.''

(tbml: 1:32˛34)temI-Øns‚ shfn-®-am-Ip∂ {InkvXp

tbip-hn-\m¬ {]Imiw e`n® tbml-∂m-s\-∏‰n

tbip ]d-™p ""Ah≥ Pzen®p {]Im-in-°p∂

Hcp hnf-°m-bn-cp∂p'' Cu hnf-°mb tbml-

∂m≥ kv\m]-I-\mWv kv{XobpsS Im¬Iogv

tbml-∂m≥ «olm Z¿in® N{μ≥. Cu N{μ\v

Xs‚ \mYs‚ k∂n-[n-bn-ep≈ hn\bw A\ym-

Zr-iy-a-t{X. "" Ah≥ hf-tcWw, Rmt\m Ipd-

tbWw'' (tbml: 3:30)"" \ns‚ kv{Xoc-Xv\-ß-fpsS Iq -́Øn¬

cmP-Ip-am-cn-Iƒ D≠v. \ns‚ he-Xp-`m-KØv

cm⁄n Hm^o¿X-¶-a-Wn™v \n¬°p∂p''

(k¶o: 45:9) ssZh-Øns‚ he-Xp-`m-KØv

cm⁄n-sb-t∏mse Inco-S-a-Wn-™p-\n¬°p∂

Cu kv{XobpsS Inco-S-Øn¬ ImW-s∏´ 12\£-{X-߃ Bsc kqNn-∏n-°p∂p?

`qan-bn¬ Ah-X-cn® Znhy c£-Is\ Z¿in-

°p-hm≥ Ing-°p-tZ-iØp \n∂p-h∂ hnZzm-

∑m¿°v hgn-Im-́ n-bmbn BIm-iØv Hcp {]tXyI

\£{Xw {]Xy-£-am-hp-Ibpw Ah¿°p-ap-ºmbn

t_Xvetlw e£y-am°n \oßp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

icn-bmb am¿K-Øn¬ \£-{XsØ ]n≥Xp-S¿∂v

Ch¿ _Xvetlw ]p¬°q-́ n¬ Io‰p-io-e-I-fn¬

s]mXn™p InS-Øn-bn-cp∂ tbip-hns\ I≠p

hμn®p km^-ey-a-S-bp-∂p. CXv Xs∂bmWv

\Ωp-tSbpw {InkvXp-Z¿i\ am¿Kw.

\oXn-kq-cy-\mb tbip-hns\ AWn-™v,

Pzen®p {]Im-in-°p∂ N{μ-\m-Ip∂ tbml-

∂m≥ kv\m]-I≥ Im¬°ogpw bn{km-tb¬

tKm{Xw 12t\bpw \ymbw hnkvX-cn-°m≥ D]-

hn-jvS-cm-tI≠ \£-{X-ß-fmb 12 A∏-kvtXm-

e -∑msc Xs‚ Inco -S -Øn -e -Wn™pw

cm⁄nkam\w kz¿K-Øn¬ hmgp∂Xmbn Znhy-

Z¿i-\-Øn-eqsS tbml-∂m≥ «olm I≠ B

kv{Xoc-Xv\-Øns‚ a≤y-ÿX \ap-s°-√m-

h¿°pw A -̀bhpw tIm -́bp-am-bn-cn-°-s´.

154154

155155

\oen-a-wKe-Øns‚ a≤y-ÿ¿:

hnip-≤-tbm-l-∂m≥ kv\m]I\pw

tam¿ Ko-h¿Kokv kl-Zmbpw

dh. ^m. Ipdnbm-t°mkvπmw]d-ºn¬(kl-hnImcn)

Cu c≠v hnip-≤-∑mcpwCS-h-I-bpsS Imh¬°m-cmbn ]≈n-∏pdw tZi-Øns‚ sh≈n\-£-{X-ß-fmbn {]tim-̀ n®p\nev°p-tºmƒ\m\mPmXnaX-ÿ-cmb\nhm-kn-Iƒ°v A -̀b-Øn-\mbn a‰v Ftßm´pwt]mtI-≠-Xn-√m-sb∂Imcyw Ign™ 95 h¿j-ß-fmbn \ne-\n¬°p∂]c-a-kXywXs∂-bm-Wv.

BapJw:1915 ¬ ssZh-am-Xm-hns‚ \ma-Øn¬ ÿm]n-X-amb \oen-a-w-

Kew sk‚ v tacokv tZhm-e-b-Øns‚ hS-t°-t{Xm-tWmkv hnip-

≤-\mb tbml-∂m≥ amwtZm-t\m-bp-sSbpw sXt°t{Xm-tWmkv

c‡-km-£n-bmb tam¿ Koh¿Kokv kl-Zm-bp-sSbpw AXn-hn-ip≤

\ma-Øn-em-Wt√m ÿm]n-X-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Cu c≠v hnip-≤-

∑mcpw CS-h-I-bpsS Imh¬°m-cmbn ]≈n-∏pdw tZi-Øns‚

sh≈n\-£-{X-ß-fmbn {]tim-̀ n®p \nev°p-tºmƒ \m\mPmXnaX-

ÿ-cmb \nhm-kn-Iƒ°v A -̀b-Øn-\mbn a‰v Ftßm´pw t]mtI-

≠-Xn-√m-sb∂ Imcyw Ign™ 95 h¿j-ß-fmbn \ne-\n¬°p∂

]c-a-kXyw Xs∂-bm-Wv. Ai-c-W¿°v, tcmKn-Iƒ°v, Bew-_-

lo-\¿°v PmXn-aX Nn¥-bn-√msX Cu tZhm-e-b-Øn¬ h∂p

{]m¿∞n-°p∂ A¿∞n-Iƒ°v Cu hnip-≤-cpsS {]m¿∞-\-Iƒ

hgn-bmbn kzÿ-Xbpw kam-[m-\-hp-ap≈ Pohn-X-co-Xn-I-fn-te°v

Xncn-b-s∏-Sp-hm≥ km[n-®n-́ p≠v F∂p≈ At\-I-cpsS km£yw

ChnsS FSpØp ]d-tb-≠p∂ kwKXn Xs∂-bm-Wv. Cu hnip-

≤-cn-eqsS At\-I¿°v e`n® kz¿Kob A\p-{K-l-߃ Hcn-°epw

h‰n-t∏m-ImØ \ocp-d-h-bmbn ]cn-W-an-®n-cn-°p-∂p. ]cn-ip≤ ssZh-

am-Xm-hn-t\mSv tN¿∂v Cu Be-b-Øn¬ h∂v {]m¿∞n-°p∂

Hmtcm hnizm-kn-°pw-th≠n Xß-fpsS \mYs‚ k∂n-[n-bn¬ a≤y-

ÿX A¿∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Cu ]pWy-hm-∑m-cpsS PohnXw

\ap°pw ASpØ Xe-ap-dbv°pw am¿§-Z¿i-I-ta-Ip-hm≥ ]cym-]vX-

am-I-bm¬ Ch-cpsS Pohn-X-Z¿i-\-ß-sf-°p-dn®v ]Tn-°p-∂Xv \∂m-

bn-cn-°p-sa∂v Nn¥n-°p-∂p.

(A) hnip≤ tbml-∂m≥ kv\m]-I≥

F.-Un. H∂mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ Bcw-̀ -Øn¬ sblqZy tZiØv F≥sIscw (Ain Karim) F∂ ÿe-ØmWv tbml-∂m≥ P\n-®-Xv.Cu ÿew bcp-i-te-an\v 6 ssa¬ ]Sn-™mdv amdn ÿnXn sNøp-∂p. tbip-{In-kvXp-hns‚ P\-\-Øn\v Bdv amkw ap≥]v skJcym]ptcm-ln-X-s‚bpw Gen-ip-_m-bp-sSbpw aI-\mbn tbml-∂m≥P\n-®p (eq-t°m. 1:13). tbml-∂ms‚ hkv{Xw Gen-bm-hn-s\-

156156

157157

D¬Ir-jvS-X-bn-te°v \sΩ £Wn-°p-∂p. am{X-hp-a√ ""Ct∏mƒ Xs∂ hr£-ß-fpsS Nph-́ n¬tImSmen h®n-cn-°p-∂p. \√ ̂ ew Imbv°mØhr£-߃ F√mw sh´n Xobn¬ C´p If-bpw''(-eq-t°m.3:9) F∂p tI -́t∏mƒ Xobn¬ F¥psNøWw F∂p tNmZn®v hen-sbmcp P\-°q´wtbml-∂m≥ ]d-bp-∂-Xp-t]mse {]h¿Øn-°p-hm≥ Xøm-dm-Ip-∂-Xmbn thZ-Øn¬ \ap°vImWm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Aßs\ blq-Z-∑m-cpsSKWy-amb Iq´sØ tbip-hn-te°v BI¿jn®vAhs\ A\p-K-an-°p-∂-h-cm-°p-hm≥ tbml-∂m≥ ]cn-{i-an-®p. CXp-sIm-≠m-bn-cn°mwkv{XoI-fn¬ \n∂v P\n-®n-́ p-≈-h-cn¬ tbml-∂m-t\°mƒ hen-b-h-\p-≠m-bn-´n√ F∂p ]d-bp-hm≥ CS-bm-bXv. ChnsS Hcp {InkvXob ]ptcm-ln-Xs‚, k`m-{]-h¿Ø-Is‚, k`m hnizm-kn-bpsS IS-abpw {]h¿Ø-\hpw F¥m-bn-cn-°-W-sa∂v kv\m]I tbml-∂m≥ \sΩ ]Tn-∏n-°p-I-bm-Wv. Cu Zriy coXn-bn-ep≈ {]h¿Ø-\hpwe£yhpw C∂v k`m-a-°ƒ°v Dt≠m-sb∂v ]cn-tim-[n®v \yq\-X-Iƒ ]cn-l-cn-t°-≠Xv CuIme-L-́ -Ønse AXym-h-iy-am-sW∂v Icp-X-s´.

3. ZuXy-Øn-\p-th≠n \ne-sIm≠

{InkvXp kvt\ln-X≥ssZh-Øns‚ Ip™m-Sn-s\ temI-Øn\v

ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-°pI F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p tbml-∂ms‚ Pt∑m-t±-iyw. -A-hs‚ ]cn-tO-Z\Znhkw ]nXm-hmb k°-dnbm ]ptcm-ln-X≥ ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn¬ Cu ss]X-en-s\-°p-dn®v ]d™{]h-N-\ß-fn¬ CXv AS-ßn-bn-́ p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.Aßs\ ssZhsØ al-Xz-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm\pwssZh-ln-X-Øn-\-\p-k-cn®v Pohn-°p-hm\pwtbml-∂m≥ {i≤n-®n-cp-∂p. ""Rmt\m Ipd-tbWw, Aht\m hf-tcWw'' (tbm-l.3:30)F∂ hN\w am{Xw aXn CXn\v sXfn-th-Im≥.\ΩpsS Cu Ime-L-´-Øn¬ ssZh-ip-{iqjsNøp∂ t{]jn-X-cp-sSbpw BNm-cy-K-W-ß-fp-sSbpw ZuXy-t_m-[hpw {]h¿Ø\ coXn-Ifpw]p\-c-h-tem-I\w sNtø-≠p∂ kabw AXn-{I-an-®p-sh∂v ]d-sb-s´. hm°pw {]h¿ØnbpwHcpt]mse B°n-s°m≠v ssZh-a-l-Xz-Øn-\p-th≠n am{Xw {]h¿Øn-°p∂ t{]£n-X-sc-bmWv C∂v k`m-a-°-fn¬ _lp-`q-cn-]-£hpwImw£n-°p-∂-Xv.-F-∂m¬ Cß-s\-bp≈ `qcn-]-£m-̀ n-{]m-b-Øn\v th≠{X {i≤ In´p-∂n-√m-sb-∂-Xv Zp:Jk-Xy-a-t{X.

4. `b-s∏-SmsX A[m¿Ωn-I-X-bvs°-Xnsc

t]mcm-Snb i_vZwktlm-Z-c-\mb ^nen-∏ns‚ `mcy-bmb

AcntÃm_pe-kns‚ aI-fp-amb sltcm-Zysb]cn-{K-ln-°p-∂-Xn\v \n\°v hnln-X-a-√m-sb∂vtbml-∂m≥ apJ-Øp-t\m°n tltcm-Zm-hn-t\mSv]d -™-t∏mƒ AXn\v adp -hn -e -bmbnXs‚ Pohs\ sImSp-t°≠n h∂p (a-Øm-bn.14:1-- --̨ ----12). `b-an-√msX A[m¿Ωn-I-X-bvs°-Xnsct]mcm-Snb tbml-∂ms‚ amXrI k`m-a-°ƒF√m-hcpw ]n≥Xp-S-tc≠ Pohn-X-ssi-en-bm-Wv.AXv `c-W-I¿Øm-°ƒs°Xn-cmbn Bbn-cp-∂mepw, Ak-XysØ IÆ-S®v ad-®p-]n-Sn-°p-hm≥ {ian-°p-tºmƒ k -̀bn-em-bn-cp-∂mepw, kaq-l-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂mepw, cmPy-Øm-bn-cp-∂mepwKp≠m-bn-khpw Acm-P-I-Xzhpw sh´n-\n-c-Øepw]oVn-Xs‚ \ymbw adn-®n-Snepw k¿Δ-km-[m-c-W-ambn amdpw. Chn-sS-bmWv tbip-{InkvXp]≠v tbcp-itew tZhm-e-b-Øn¬ Nm´-hmdvsIm≠v A[m¿Ωn-IXsb ASn®v HmSn®v ssZh-Øn-\p≈ ÿe-߃ ]cn-ip-≤-am-°p-hm≥ho≠pw Cd-ßn-h-cp∂ Ahÿ kwPm-X-ambnXocp-∂-Xv. C∂pw Xs‚ ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-eqsSssZhw Cu IrXyw \S-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬\ap°v k¿Δ-i-‡s\ al-Xz -s∏-Sp -Ømw.""A\oXn sNøp-∂-h≥ C\nbpw A\oXnsNøs´; hnip-≤≥ C\nbpw Xs∂ hnip-≤o-I-cn-°s´; CXm Rm≥ thKw hcp-∂p; Hmtcm-cp-Ø\p Ah-\-hs‚ {]h¿Øn°p X°-hÆwsImSp-∏m≥ {]Xn-̂ ew Fs‚ ]°¬ D≠v F∂kz¿§-Ønse i_vZw ]≠v kv\m]-I-tbm-l-∂m\neqsS At\-I¿°v am\-km-¥cw \evIn-b-Xp-t]mse k`-bn-sebpw kaq-l-ØnseAt\Iw ]pgp-°p-Øp-I-tf‰ a\p-jy¿°v am\-km-¥-cm-\p-̀ hw ssIh-cp-hm≥ hnip-≤s‚ a≤y-ÿ-X-bn¬ A -̀b-s∏-́ p-sIm≠v \ap°v {]m¿∞n-°mw.

(B)hnip-≤-Ko-h¿Kokv klZm

Koh¿Kokv Gjymssa\-dnse I∏-tZm-Iy-bn¬F.-Un. 283 ¬ P\n-®Xmbn hniz-kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.Ct±-l-Øns‚ amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ Ipeo-\cpw]nXmhv Utbm-¢n -j≥ N{I-h¿Øn-bpsSk¿Δ-ssk-\ym-[n-]-\p-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v Icp-X-s∏-Sp-∂p. Koh¿Ko-km-Is´ N{I-h¿Øn-bpsS

158158

159159

ssk\y-Ønse Hcp Db¿∂ DtZym-K-ÿ-\p-am-bn-cp-∂p.

hn. Koh¿Kokv kl-Zm-sb-°p-dn®v A\-h[n sFXoly߃ k`m-a-°-fpsS CS-bn¬{]N-cn®p hcp-∂p-≠v. AXn¬ {][m-\-s∏´H∂mWv hymfnsb sIm∂v cmPm-hns‚ ]p{Xnsbc£n® kw -̀hw. en_n-b-bnse cmPm-hns‚ aI-fmb B≥t{Um-ta-Z-sb-bmWv skeo≥ F∂ ] -́W-Øn¬ h®v ]pWy-hm-f≥ c£n-®-Xv. N{I-h¿Øn-bpsS ssk\y-Ønse Db¿∂ DtZym-K-ÿ-\m-bn-cp -∂-Xp-sIm-≠m-bn-cn°mw hn. -Ko-h¿Kokv skeo≥ ]´-W-Øn¬ FØp-hm\pwcmP-Ip-am-cnsb hymf-Øns‚ hmbn¬ \n∂v c£-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm\pw Ign-™-Xv. F∂m¬ Hcp cmPy-Ønse cmPmhpw P\-ßfpw ]cm-Pbw G‰p-hm-ßn-b-SØv hn.-Ko-h¿Kokn\v hnP-bn-°p-hm≥ Ign-™-Xv Xs‚ ssZhm-{ibw H∂p-sIm-≠p-am-{X-am-bn-cp-∂p. am{X-hp-a√ skeo≥Im-cmb At\-Ischn{K-lm-cm-[-\-bn¬\n∂v am‰p-hm\pw kXy-ssZ-hsØ Bcm-[n-°p∂ hnizm-kn-I-fm-°p-hm\pwhn.-Ko-h¿Ko-kn\v km[n-°p-Ibpw cmPm-hns‚A\p-a-Xn-tbmsS AhnsS tZhm-e-b-߃ ÿm]n-°p-hm\pw ]ptcm-ln-Xsc \nb-an-®m°p-hm\pwIgn-™p.

\memw \q‰m-≠ns‚ Bcw-̀ -Øn¬ \nt°m-ta-Znbbnse cmPm-hmb Utbm-¢o-jys‚ aX-]o-V-sb-Øp-S¿∂mWv hn.-Ko-h-dp-Kokv kl-Zm-bm-bn-Øo¿∂-Xv. {]kvXpX ]oV-Iƒ Ggv h¿jwhsc \o≠p-\n-∂-Xmbn Ncn-{X-Im-c-∑m¿ tcJ-s∏-Sp -Øp-∂p (Britanica 2001) - . A-∏-tem-kv,tlm¢nkv F∂o tZh-∑msc Bcm-[n-°p-∂-Xn\vhnk-Ω-Xn®Xn\m-emWv C{]-Imcw ]oV-IƒG¬t°-≠n-h-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ ]oV-\-I-fn-eqsSIS-∂p-t]m-b-t∏mgpw At\Iw A¤p-X-߃{]h¿Øn-°p-hm\pw N{I-h¿Øn-bpsS ̀ mcy Ae-Ivk-{¥n-bm-tbbpw ]p{Xn hte-dn-bm-tbbpw{InkvXp-hn-te°v apX¬Iq-´p-hm\pw hnip-≤\vkm[n-®p. Ae-Ivkm-{¥n-b -taSw 8˛mw XobXnhmfm¬ sIm√-s∏-Sp-Ibpw ]pWy-hm≥ G.-Un.303 taSamkw 23˛mwXobXn ]me-kvXo-\nseenU (C-t∏mƒ C{km-tb-ense temZv) F∂ÿeØv h®v c‡-km-£nXzw hcn-°p-IbpwsNbvXp.

hnip≤ Koh¿Kokv klZmsb alm-\mbIpkvX-¥ot\mkv N{Ih¿Øn-bpsS ImewapXte ]pWy-hm-\mbn KWn-°-s∏-́ n-cp-∂-Xmbn

F.-Un. 494 ¬ ]Wn-b-s∏´ c≠v kpdn-bm\n]≈n-I-fnse enJn-X-ß-fn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-́ p-≠v. am{X-hp-a√ \nt°m-ta-Zn-b, epZnb, sX -tem-\n-Iy- F∂o ÿe-ß-fn¬ hnip-≤s‚ \ma-Øn¬ ]≈n-Iƒ ÿm]n-X-am-bn-cp-∂p.- hn.- Ko-h¿Kokv kl-Zmsb Cw•≠v cmPyw Imh¬]nXm-hmbn (Patron Saint) IW-°m-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.kl-Zm-bpsS c‡-km-£n-Zn-\-amb G{]n¬ 23C∂pw Cw•-≠n¬ s]mXp Hgnhv Zn\-ambn BN-cn-®p-h-cp-∂p F∂v AhnsS t]mbn ]Tn® CuteJ-I\v t\cn v́ Adn-hp≈ kwK-Xn-bmWv. Ahn-SpsØ \mW-b-ß-fnepw tk\-I-fpsS bqWn-t^m-ap-I-fnepw hnip-≤s‚ Nn{Xw Bte-J\wsNøp-Ibpw hnip-≤≥ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp∂ Nph∂Ipcniv AS-bmfw C∂pw AhnsS ImWm-sa-∂Xpw aX-Xo-£-WX At»-j-an-√mØ BcmPy-Øn¬ sN√p-∂-hsc A¤pX-s∏-Sp-Øp∂kwK-Xn-bm-Wv.

]mºpI-fn¬ \n∂pw Cg-PmXn h¿§-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw c£-t\-Sp-∂-Xn\v C∂pw At\-I¿hnip≤ Koh-dp-Ko-kns‚ a≤y-ÿ-X-bn¬ A -̀b-s∏-Sp-∂p. B hnip-≤s‚ Pohn-Xhpw {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw \sΩ Hm¿Ω-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv GXv A\o-Xn-sbbpw F{X i‡-amb ZpjvS-X-sbbpw ASn-]-X-dmØ ssZhm-{i-bhpw {InkvXp tbip-hn-ep≈ at\m-ss[-cyhpw sIm≠v tXmev]n-°m-sa-∂-Xm-Wv. ZpjvS -X-bpsS aq¿Øn-cq -]-ambhymfsØ \∑bpsS {]Xo-I-amb Ip¥w-sIm≠vHcp hnizm-kn°v t\cn´v tXmev]n-°p-hm\pwAt\-Isc tbip-{In-kvXp-hn-te°v \bn-°p-hm\pw km[n-°p-sa∂v ]pWy-hm-\mb klZm\sΩ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p.

D]-kw-lmcw\oenaw-K-ew- tZ-hm-e-b-Øns‚ Imh¬]n-

Xm-°-∑m-cmb hnip≤ tbml-∂m≥ amwtZm-\-bpsSbpw ]pWy-hm-\mb Koh¿Kokv kl-Zm-bpsSbpw Pohn-X-Øns‚ GSp-I-fn-eqsS IS-∂p-sN-√p-Ibpw Ah-cpsS Pohn-X-Z¿i-\-ßsf ]Tn-°p-Ibpw Xß-fp-tS-Xmb Pohn-X-Øn¬ Ahsbkmwio-I-cn®v AsXmcp A\p-jvTm-\-am-°p∂Gh¿°pw Ah-cpsS a≤y-ÿX hgn-bmbn k¿ΔsFiz-cy-ßfpw ssZhw Xºp-cm≥ \¬I-s´-sb∂v CS-h-I-bv°p-th≠n {]m¿∞n-°p-∂p.

160160

161161

IpSpw_w

`qan-bnse \∑-I-fpsS Ddh

kJ-dnbmkv tam¿

]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv

sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø(ae-_m¿ `{Zm-k\w)

`qan-bnse F√m \∑-I-fp-sSbpw Dd-hnSw GsX∂v At\z-jn-®m¬ \mw sNs∂-ØpI IpSpw-_-Øn-em-bn-cn-°pw. `qan-bnse F√mXn∑-I-fp-sSbpw Dd-hnSw At\zjnv®mepw sNs∂-ØpI IpSpw-_-Øn¬Xs∂ Bbn-cn-°pw. At∏m-kvtXm-enI k`-bnse ssZh-a-°ƒ°vhnip-≤-∑m-tcmSv Bg-am-b -Hcp BZ-c-hp-≠v. hnip-≤-∑m-cpsS Aÿn-Ifpw Xncp-ti-jn-∏p-Ifpw ssZh-i‡nbpsS am≤y-a-ß-fmbn \mwImWp-∂p. Hmtcm hnip-≤-∑m-cp-sSbpw Pohn-X-Øn\p ]n∂n¬ Hcphnip-≤-Ip-Spw-_-ap-≠v. kaq-l-Ønse Hmtcm Ip‰-hm-fn-Isfbpw ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ Ah¿°p ]n∂n¬ \∑ \jvS-s∏´ Hcp IpSpw-_sØImWm≥ Ign-bpw. "thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ a-\p-jys‚ DZv`-hhpw,Db¿®bpw, Xf¿®bpw, A\p-{K-lhpw ,in£-bp-sa√mw Nn{Xo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv Hcp IpSpw-_-Øns‚ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn-em-Wv.' a\pjyPohn-X-Øns‚ hf¿®-sbbpw Xf¿®sbbpw \nb-{¥n-°p-∂Xv As√-¶n¬kzm[o-\n-°p-∂Xv IpSpw-_-am-sW∂v thZ-]p-kvXIw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ ]X\w Xs∂ ssZh-_‘w \jvS-s∏-Sp-Ønb Hcp IpSpw-_-Øns‚ ]X-\-Øn¬ \n∂m-Wv. AXp-t]mseXs∂ a\p-jy-Ip-e-Øns‚ c£ Bcw-̀ n-°p-∂Xv ssZh-ln-X-Øn\pIog-S-ßnb \t{k-Ønse sIm®p-Ip-Spw-_-Øns‚ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn-em-Wv. a\pjykaq-l-Øns‚ \∑sb kzm[o-\n-°p∂ ASn-ÿm\ LS-I-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ IpSpw-_-Øns‚ hnip-≤o-I-cWw A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv.

I IpSpw_w thZ-]p-kvXI ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬{XnssXzI ssZh-Øns‚ kvt\l Iq´m-bva-bn¬ kvt\l-

Øns‚ \nd-hn¬ ssZh-Øns‚ Xocp-am-\-amWv \ap°p \ΩpsS Omb-bnepw kmZr-iy-Ønepw a\p-jys\ krjvSn°mw F∂Xv. ssZh-Øns‚kvt\lw Ic-I-hn-s™m-gp-In-b-XmWv a\p-jys‚ krjvSn.ssZh-kz-cq-]-Ønepw kmZr-iy-Ønepw krjvSn® a\p-jys\ t\m°nssZhw ]d™p a\p-jy≥ GI-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv \∂-√. ssZh-Øns‚ASn-ÿm-\-kz-̀ m-h-amWv kvt\lw. ssZh-kvt\lw ]¶p-shbv°-emWv(Agape) . ssZhw Xs‚ kvt\lw a\p-jy-\n-te°v sNmcn™vkvt\lw sIm≠v Ahs\ \nd®v ssZh-Xz-Øn-te°v hf¿Øp-I˛CXm-bn-cp∂p ssZh-Øns‚ lnXw. ]¶ph°p-hm≥ kl-Po-hn-bn-√m-Ø-h\v ssZh-Xz-Øn-te°v hf-cm-\m-hn-√. AXp-sIm≠v ssZhw

thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ a-\p-jys‚ DZv̀ -hhpw,Db¿®bpw, Xf¿®bpw,A\p-{K-lhpw ,in£-bp-sa√mw Nn{Xo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv Hcp IpSpw-_-Øns‚]›m-Ø-e-Øn-em-Wv.

162162

163163

C{]-Imcw ]d-™p. a\p-jy≥ GI-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv\∂-√. BZm-an¬ \n∂v Hcp kv{Xosb krjvSn-®p-sIm≠v Hcp Iq´mbva Pohn-X-Øn-te°v a\p-jys\ssZhw ssI ]nSn-®p-b¿Øp-∂p. ssZh-km-∂n≤yw\nd-™p-\n-ev°p∂ Iq´m-bva-bnse Hcp hy‡n-bpsS ho£Ww kl-Po-hn-sb-°p-dn®v Fßs\Bbn-cn-°p-sa∂v BZm-ans‚ kl-Po-hn-tbm-Sp≈{]Xn-I-c-W-Øn¬ \n∂p \ap°p a\- n-em-°mw.""Fs‚ Aÿn-bn¬ \n∂p≈ Aÿn Fs‚ amwk-Øn¬ \n∂p≈ amwkw'' F∂p ]d-™m¬AXns‚ A¿∞w \o Fs‚-Xm-Wv. Xß-fpsS Iq´m-b va -bn¬ \∑bpw Xn∑bpw \n›-bn -°m≥ssZhsØ A\p-h-Zn®v ssZhsØ IqsS sIm≠p\S-°p∂ Hcp IpSpw-_-sØ-bmWv GZ≥ tXm´-Øn¬ \mw ImWp-∂-Xv. BZm-an-te°v Hgp-In-sb-Øp∂ ssZh-kvt\lw lΔm-bn-te°p ]I¿∂vBZm-an¬ \n∂v e`n-°p∂ kvt\l-Øn\v {]Xn-kvt\lw \evIp-Ibpw {XnXz-Øn-te°p hf-cp-Ibpw sNøp∂ IpSpw-_-sØ-bmWv \mw AhnsSImWp-∂-Xv. Cu kvt\l-Øns‚ \nd-hn¬ H∂mbnXocp∂ B IpSpw-_-Øn¬ \n∂v ssZh-kvt\lwsIm≠p \nd™ Xe-apd krjvSn-°-s∏-S-W-sa∂pwAXn-eqsS Poh≥ ]I-c-s∏-S-W-sa∂pw ssZhwB{K-ln-°p-∂p. ssZh-kvt\-l-Øns‚ \nd-hn¬Poh≥ ]I-cm-\mWv IpSpw_w ÿm]n-°-s∏-́ n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ̀ qan-bn¬ ssZh ]p{X-∑m¿°v P∑w \evIp-I-sb-∂-XmWv IpSpw-_-ØneqsS ssZhw B{K-ln-°p-∂-Xv.

II ]m]w IpSpw-_sØ inYn-e-am-°p-∂pkvt\l-Øm¬ A`n-tjIw sNø-s∏´ BZm-

ans‚ ho£Ww Xs‚ kl-Po-hn-sb-°p-dn®vAhƒ Fs‚ Aÿn-bn¬ \n∂p≈ Aÿn amwk-Øn¬ \n∂p≈ amwkw F∂m-Wv. Hcp ]pcp-j-s\bpw kv{Xosbbpw \nco-£n-®m¬ imco-cn-Ihpwam\-kn-Ihpw Bflo-Ihpw _u≤n-Ihpw sshIm-cn-I-hp-ambn hf-sc-tbsd hyXym-k-ß-fp-≠v. Cusshcp-≤y-߃°v A∏p-dØv Xs‚ Aÿnbpwamwk-hp-ambn Ahsf Dƒs°m-≈m≥ km[n-®XvssZh-Ir-]-bn-eq-sS-bm-Wv. Ir] \jvS-s∏´, ssZh-Øns‚ hm°p-Isf Pohn-X-Øn¬ \n∂pw ]pdwX≈nb, AXn-eqsS ssZhsØ Xs∂ ]pdwX≈nba\p-jys‚ ho£Ww ss__nƒ hc®v ImWn-°p-∂p. krjvSm-hn-t\-°mƒ A[nIw krjvS-h-kvXp-°sf kvt\ln-°p-Ibpw, krjvSm-h√ krjvS-h-kvXp-°-fmWv Fs∂ hf¿Øp-∂Xv F∂ BZm-ans‚ Img vN -∏m -S v . CXp Xn∂m¬ \o

ssZhsØt∏mse-bmIpw F∂ ]nim-Nns‚{]t_m-[-\-Øn\p ap≥]n¬ \ns∂ ssZh-sØ-t∏m-se-bm-°nØo¿°m≥ \ns‚ ssZhw B{K-ln-°p-∂n√, \ns‚ ssZhw A{X \√-h-s\m-∂p-a√ ssZh-Ønepw ssZh-Øns‚ ]c-a-amb \∑-bn-ep-ap≈hnizmk XI¿® AhnsS IpSpw-_-Øn¬ kw -̀hn-°p-I-bm-Wv. Cu hnizmk XI¿®-bmWv a\p-jy-Ip-e-Øns‚ ]m]w. krjvS-h-kvXp-°sf ssZh-ambn I≠ a\p-jy≥, krjvSm-hns‚ \∑-Im-Wm≥IÆv AS-™p-t]mb a\p-jy≥ Ah≥ ssZh-Øn¬\n∂v AI∂v amdpw. BZw \o Fhn-sS F∂ hnfn-bn-eqsS \jvS-s∏´ a\p-jys\ At\z-jn®v \S-°p∂ ssZhw {]hm-N-I-∑m-cn-eq-sSbpw, a\p-jys‚Ncn-{X-Øn-eq-sSbpw, a\p-jy-N-cn-{X-Øns‚ a≤y-Øn¬ amwkw [cn®v a\p-jy-\m-bn-Øo¿∂v BAt\z-jWw XpS-cp-I-bm-Wv.- F-∂m¬ C∂pw ]ca\∑-bmb ssZhsØ Is≠-Ømt\m krjvS-h-kvXp-°ƒ Fs∂ hf¿Øn-√m-sb∂pw Fs‚ \ne-\nev]n\v Ah B[m-c-a-s√∂pw Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ ]‰m-Ø-hn[w A‘-am-bn-t∏mb IÆp-I-fp-am-bn-´mWva\p-jy≥ Pohn-°p-∂-Xv. ]m]w a\p-jys‚ am\-knI \nesb Imcy-amb XI-cm-dn-em-°p-∂p.Ahs‚ ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ ssZh-Øns‚ aqey-ap≈Nn¥bn¬ \n∂pw \new s]mØp-∂p. AXp-sIm-≠mWv Ir] \jvS-s∏-́ -h≥, Poh≥ \evIp-∂-hs\t\m°n \o F\n°p X∂ Cu kv{Xo Ah-ƒ ]dn-®p-X∂p Rm≥ Xn∂p F∂ Ip‰w hn[n-bp-sSbpw]ndp-]n-dp-°-en-s‚bpw kzcw Db¿Øp-∂-Xv. Xs‚hf¿®bv°pw Db¿®bv°pw th≠n ssZhw Zm\-ambn \evInb Xs‚ PohX ]¶m-fn, Xs‚XI¿®bv°p Imc-W-°mcn BsW∂v ssZhsØNq≠n ]d-bp∂ a\p-jys\ thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬\mw ImWp-I-bm-Wv. C∂pw Xs‚ IpSpw-_mw-K-ßsf t\m°n \o BWv Fs‚ XI¿®°p Imc-W-°m-c≥, Imc-W-°mcn F∂v ]d™v A]-cs\{]Xn-°q-́ n¬ Ib-‰p-tºmƒ \n\°v Hcp Xncn-®-dnhvD≠m-IWw \n\-°p -Ir] \jvS -s∏-´p . \ossZhsØ Fhn-sStbm \jvS-s∏-SpØn Ign-™p-sh-∂v. IpSpw-_-sØbpw IpSpw-_-Øn-eqsS k¥m-\-ß-sf-bpw, ktlm-Z-c-ß-sfbpw ssZhw \n\°p\evIn-bXv \ns∂ ssZh-Xz-Øn-te°p hf¿Øm-\m-Wv. \ns‚ hf¿®°p Imc-W-°m-cm-tI-≠-h≥\ns‚ i{Xp-hmbn \n∂v \n\-s°-Xn-cmbn {]Xn-I-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂v \n\°p tXm∂p-∂p-sh-¶n¬ \ns‚-bp-≈n¬ ]Xn™p Ib-dn-bn-cn-°p∂ ss]im-Nn-I-Xtbbpw ]m]-Øns‚ sI´p-I-sfbpw Is≠-Øm≥\o Xøm-dmtb aXn-bm-hq. ssZhsØ X≈n If-™n´pw Ah-\n-ep≈ hnizmkw \jvS-s∏-´n´pw

164164

165165

bmsXmcp `mh hyXym-k-hp-an-√msX a\p-jys‚Pohn-X-Øn-te°v Cdßn hcp∂ ssZh-sØ-bmWv\mw GZ≥ tXm -́Øn¬ ImWp-∂-Xv. X∂n¬ \n∂vAI-∂p-t]mb a\p-jys\ tXSn GZ≥ tXm -́Øn-se-Øp∂ ssZh-Øns‚ At\zjWw Im¬h-cn-bn-eq-sSbpw k -̀bn-eq-sSbpw XpS-cp-I-bm-Wv.

]m]w inYn-e-am-°nb Nn¥-bp-ambn ]c-kv]cw apdn-th‰pw apdn-th-ev]n®pw Ign-bp∂ BZm-an-s‚bpw lΔm-bp-sSbpw Pohn-X-Øn¬ \n∂v Ah-cpsS ]m]-Øns‚ \nd-hn¬ Hcp Xe-apd P∑wsIm≠p. ktlm-Z-cs‚ \njvI-f¶ c‡sØtKmXºp hb-en¬ No‰n-sØ-dn-∏n-°m≥ CS-bm-°nb Imtbs‚ a\- m£n cq]w sIm≠Xv ]m]-Øn¬ \n]-Xn® Hcp IpSpw-_-Øn¬ \n∂m-Wv.

III in£-b√ c£-bmWv e£ywa\p-jy≥ ssZhsØ hn[n-bm-f-\mbn ho£n-

°p-∂p-s≠-¶nepw in£-b√ c£-bmWv ssZh-Øns‚ e£yw. Hcp ]pcp-j-\n¬ \n∂v Hcpkv{Xosb krjvSn-®p-sIm≠v a\p-jys\ c£-bn-te-°p hf¿Øm-\p≈ ssZh-Øns‚ ]≤Xn a\p-jy≥ Xs∂ ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-t∏mƒ, Hcpkv{Xobn¬ \n∂v hN-\-amb ssZhw amwkw [cn®vHcp ]pcp-j-\mbn ]pd-Øp-h∂v, Hcp a\p-jy≥Fßn-s\-bm-bn-cn-°-W-sa∂v ssZhw B{K-ln-°p-∂p-sh∂v shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn. Ah-\mWv tbip. hnPm-Xnb ]p{Xn-bn¬ \n∂v Xs‚ aW-hm-́ n-bmb k`sbXnc-s™-Sp-°p-hm≥ Xs‚ Poh-s\-t∏mepw \jvS-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXv k`bneqsS ssZh ]p{X-∑m¿°pP∑w \evIm -\m -Wv. -A-Xp -sIm -≠p -Xs∂ss{IkvXh IpSpw_ Pohn-X-Øns‚ e£yw ssZh-]p-{X-∑m¿°p P∑w \evIpI F∂-Xm-Wv. \oFs∂ sIm∂mepw \o Fs‚ apJØp Xp∏n-bmepwsNfn-bn-eqsS Fs∂ hen-®n-g®v sIm≠p-t]m-bmepw\nt∂m-Sp≈ Fs‚ \ne-]mSv I¿Ømth Ch¿sNøp-∂Xv Fs¥∂v Ch¿ Adn-bm-bvI-bm¬ Ch-tcmSp £an-t°-W-sa, F∂-Xm-Wv. ssZh-Øn¬a\p-jy-\p≈ hnizmkw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øm-\mWv Cu_en-b¿∏-Ww. \jvS-s∏´p t]mb, ssZh-Øns‚\∑-bn-ep≈ hnizmkw XncnsI \evIm-\mWv Cukvt\l-Øns‚ _en-b¿∏-Ww.

IV hnhmlw F∂ IqZmiIqZmi F∂ hm°ns‚ A¿∞w hnip-≤o-

I-cWw F∂m-Wv. ssZh-Øns‚ hnip≤n a\p-jy-

\n-te-°p- ]-I-cp-hm-\mWv ssZhw k -̀bn¬ IqZmiÿm]n-®-Xv. hnhmlw F∂ IqZm-isb ssZhw k -̀

bn¬ ÿm]n-®Xv ssZh-Øns‚ hnip-≤n -Ip-Spw-_-

Øn-te°p ]I-cp-hm-\mWv. Hcp aW-hm-f\pw aW-

hm-́ nbpw tbip-hn¬ H∂mbn Xocp∂ IqZm-i-bmWv

hnhm-lw. aq∂p-t]-cmWv hnhml ip{iq-j°p

tijw IpSpw_w F∂ ÿm]-\-Øn-te°p t]mIp-

∂-Xv. F∂m¬ ssZh-Øns‚ hnip≤n Pohn-X-Øn-

te°p ]I-cm\pw Xe-ap-d-I-fn-te°p ]I-cm\pw

X°-hn[w hnhm-l-sa∂ IqZmibpsS al-XzsØ

Xncn-®-dn™v AXns\ kao-]n-°p-∂-h-cpsS FÆw

C∂p Ipd™p hcn-I-bm-Wv.

hnhml Znh-k-߃ aZy-]m-\-Øn\pw a‰p

BtLm-j-߃°p-ap≈ Ah-k-c-ß-fmbn ImWp-

∂Xv hnhm-l-sa∂ IqZm-i-bpsS ]mh-\-Xbpw hnip-

≤nbpw \jvS-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. tamSn-bp≈ hkv{X-

߃°pw hne-Iq-Snb B -̀c-W-߃°pw cpNn-I-c-

amb t`mP-\-Øn\pw {]Ya ÿm\w sImSp-°p-

tºmƒ hnhm-l-Øn-eqsS IS-∂p-h-cp∂ ssZhoI

hnip≤n {]m]n-°p-hm≥ bmsXmcp hn[-Øn-ep≈

Hcp-°-ßfpw ]e-cp-sSbpw Pohn-X-Øn¬ C√. hnhm-

l-Iq-Zm-isb ]q¿Æ-am-°p∂ hn. Ip¿∫m-\-bn¬

]s¶-Sp-°p-hm≥ Rmb-dm-g-NIfn¬ t]mepw aW-

hm-fs\m aW-hm-́ nsbm FØm-dn-√.

hnhml Znh-k-ß-fn¬ `h-\-ß-fn¬ IpSpw-

_-{]m¿∞-\-Iƒ t]mepw shdpw Hcp NSßp am{X-

am-Wv. {]m¿∞\ ip{iq-j-bn¬ Bflm¿∞-ambn

]s¶-Sp-°p-∂-Xn\p ]Icw t^mt´m, hoUntbm Ch

Nn{XoI-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Hcp Ah-k-c-ambn am{Xw

Ahsb Nne¿ ho£n-°p-∂p. a‰p-≈-h-cpsS apºn¬

Xß-fpsS kº-Øn-s‚bpw {]Xm-]-ß-fp-sSbpw

[m¿jvSyw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂Xn\p≈ a’-c-th-Zn-I-

f-mbn hnhml thZn-Iƒ A[-]-Xn-°p-∂p. CXp

aqew ssZhw IpSpw-_-Øn¬ \n∂pw Ah-K-Wn-°-

s∏-Sp-Ibpw A\y-am-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. CXp

sIm≠mWv At\Iw IpSpw-_-Po-hn-X-߃ hnhm-

l-tijw Znh-k-߃°p-≈n¬ Xs∂ hnhm-l-tam-

N-\-ambn Xocp-∂-Xv.

IpSpw_w ssZh-Øm¬ ÿm]n-X-am-sW∂pw

IpSpw-_-Øns‚ \mY≥ {InkvXphmsW∂pw IpSpw-

_-Øn-eqsS Pohs\ ]I-cm≥ hnfn-°-s∏-́ -h-cmWv

IpSpw-_-Po-hn-X-°m¿ F∂pw IpSpw-_-Øns‚

ssZhXzw \jvS-s∏-́ m¬ k`bpw kaq-lhpw XI-

cp-sa∂pw Xncn-®-dn™v IpSpw-_-ß-fpsS hnip-≤o-

I-c-W-Øn-\mbn \ap°p {]m¿∞n-°mw.

166166

167167

]cn-ip-≤-\mb tam¿ Btlm-

sFk°v tam¿

HkvØm-Øn-tbmkv

sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø(ssaem-∏q¿ `{Zm-k\w)

tam¿ Btlm-bpsS Poh-N-cn{Xw kpdn-bm\n ̀ mj-bn¬ BZy-ambn At±-l-Øns‚ injy-∑m-cmWv Fgp-Xn-b-Xv. At±lw kndn-bm-bn-ep≈ dmkv A¬-Fbv≥ F∂ ] -́W-Øn¬ P\n-®p. At±-l-Øns‚ amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ hn{K-lm-cm-[-I-cm-bn-cp-∂p. t]¿jy≥]´mfw dmkv A¬ Fbv≥ Iog-S-°n.-A-hnsS \n∂pw ]e-tcbpwXShp-Im-cm-°n-b-t∏mƒ tam¿ Btlmbpw Ah-t\m-Sp-Iq-sS-bp-≈-hcpw sIm≠p-t]m-I-s∏-́ p. F∂m¬ Cdm-°n-ep≈ \n\p-hm-bn¬h®v Btlm tam¿ anJm-tb-ens\ ]cn-N-b-s∏-́ p. At±-l-amWvtam¿ Btlmsb {InkvXym-\n-bm-°n-b-Xv. AhnsS \n∂pw Ah¿c≠p-t]cpw Hcp-an®v tbip-{InkvXp apJm-¥ncw Ahs‚ kphn-tijw Adn-bn-°p-hm≥ Xpdm-_vZo-\n-te°v t]mbn.

tam¿ Btlm-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ A©p Zb-dm-Iƒ \n¿Ωn-°-s∏-́ p. ]n¬°m-eØv hnizm-kn-Iƒ°v A -̀b-tI-{μ-ambn B Zb-dm-Iƒ am‰-s∏-́ p. Xp¿°n-bn-ep≈ Zmcn-kvIzm-\n°v Ip∂n-ep≈Zbd, _\m-an\p kao]w sZ v̂s\Øv Zb-d; Kcm-k≥ F∂ {]tZ-i-Øn\p kao-]-ap≈ Aem-h-kn-ep≈ Zb-d, ka-Xew F∂¿∞-ap≈ Aem-Xm-̂ n-bm-bn-ep≈ Zb-dm, ]cn: …o_m-bpsS Zb-d: CuZb-dm-Iƒ F√mw Xp¿°n cmPy-Øn-emWv ÿnXn sNøp-∂-Xv.Cu A©p Zb-dm-Ifpw tam¿ Btlm-bpsS ]cn-{iaw sIm≠mWvÿm]n-°-s∏-´-Xv.

tam¿ Btlm I¿Ømhpw c£n-Xm-hp-amb tbip-anin-lm-bpsS Xncp-\maw {]tLm-jn-®p-sIm≠v At\Iw {]tZ-i-߃ Np‰nk©-cn-®p. At±lw tbdp-itew apgp-h\pw Np‰n k©-cn®vAhnsS \n∂pw {Kokn¬ FØn. ]n∂oSv AhnsS \n∂pw IpkvX-¥o-t\mkv t]meo-kn-seØn (Constantinople.). AhnsSkμ¿in-°p∂ Ah-k-c-Øn¬ \ΩpsS I¿Ømhpw c£n-Xm-hp-ambhs\ {Iqin® Ipcn-ins‚ Awiw e`n-®p. B Xncp-ti-jn-∏p-ambn At±lw Xp¿°n-bn-ep≈ hn. …o_m-bpsS Zb-dm-bn¬ aS-ßn-sb-Øn. (Cu Xncp-ti-jn-∏ns‚ Awiw Xp¿°n-bn¬ Zb¿ _°-dn-ep≈ ]cn: ssZh-am-Xm-hns‚ tZhm-e-b-Øn¬ ÿm]n-®n-́ p-≠v.CXn¬ \n∂pw Hcp sNdnb Awiw Bbn-cn°mw ]cn: Gen-bmkvXrXob≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mh Xs‚ ]Sn-am-e-bn¬ kq£n-®Xpw]n∂oSv ae-¶-cbv°v A\p-{K-l-ambn e`n-®-Xpw. Cu teJ-I≥Xp¿°n-bn-ep≈ hn. …o_m-bpsS Zb-d-mbpw tam¿ Btlm-bpsS

tam¿ Btlm-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ A©p Zb-dm-Iƒ \n¿Ωn-°-s∏-́ p.]n¬°m-eØv hnizm-kn-Iƒ°v A -̀b-tI-{μ-ambnB Zb-dm-Iƒ am‰-s∏-́ p.

168168

169169

I_-dn-Shpw kμ¿in-®n-´p-≠v). XpS¿∂v tam¿Btlm- bm{X sNbvXv A¿ta-\n-bm-bn-ep≈A¬hmkv F∂ {Kma-ØnseØn. AhnsS h®vssZh-Øns‚ A\p-{K-l-Øm¬ tam¿ BtlmAt\Iw A¤p-X-߃ {]h¿Øn-®p.

tXtbm-tZm-dn-kns‚ sNIn-S\pw Dua-bp-amb lqtdm F∂ aI\v kuJyw sImSp-Øp.]nim-Nn-\m¬ ]oUn-∏n°-s∏´psIm≠n-cp∂lmt_¬ F∂ bphm-hn¬ \n∂pw ]nim-Nns\]pd-Øm-°n. hnip-≤-\mb tam¿ amIvkn-a-kns\NXn-bn¬ IpSp-°n, Pbnen¬ AS-∏n® tZm¿kneF∂ h‘y-bmb bph-Xn°v {`m¥p ]nSn-®p.tam¿ Btlm hnip-≤-\mb amIvkn-a-kn-\p-th≠n {]m¿∞n-®p. At±lw Pbn¬ tamNn-X-\m-bn. tam¿ Btlm-bpsS {]m¿∞-\-bmepwA\p-{K-l-Ømepw tZm¿kn-e-bpsS {`m¥v amdp-Ibpw, h‘y-bmbncp∂-h-ƒ Ggp B¨ Ip™p-߃°v P∑w \¬In. AXn¬ G‰hpw aqØ-bmƒ tdmam-\kv ]n¬°m-eØv tam¿ Btlm-bpsS injy-\m-bn-Øo¿∂p. tam¿ Bt\m A¿ta-\n-bm-bn-ep≈ A¬hm-kn¬ h®v I¿Øm-hns\{Iqin® Ipcn-ins‚ Awi-sa-SpØv Xs‚ aSn-bn¬h®p. B tZi-Øn\v F∂pw `oXn Df-hm-°nbHm°p-a-c-Øns‚ t\sc B Xncp-ti-jn∏v Xncn®v]nSn-®n v́ ]d-™p “\-ΩpsS I¿Øm-hns‚ Poh-\p≈ Ipcniv I¿Øm-hns‚ i‡nsb ImWn-°s´’’ DSs\ Xs∂ sImSp-¶m‰p hoin B Hm°pacw IS-]p-gIn AXn-t\m-Sp-IqSn Hcp Imfbpw

sNΩ-cn-bmSpw IqSn hmbp-hn¬ ]d∂v A¿tk-dkv \Zn-bn-te°v Fdn-b-s∏-́ p. Cu kw`hw aqewB {Kma-Ønse `c-W-I¿Ømhv {InkvXobhnizmkw kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw B {Kma-\n-hm-kn-Iƒ F√m-hcpw IqSn-t®¿∂v Hm°p-acw \n∂n-cp∂ ÿeØv tam¿ Btlm-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ Hcp Zbdm ÿm]n-®p.- acw F∂¿∞-ap≈Zm¿°v F∂ t]cpw Zb-dmbv°v \¬I-s∏-́ p.

]cn. tam¿ Btlm A¿ta-\n-bm-bn-ep≈A¬hmkv F∂ {Kma-Øn¬ h®v F.-Un. 525P\p-hcn amk-Øn¬ I¿Øm-hn¬ \n{Z {]m]n-®p. At±-l-Øns‚ ac-W-Øn-\p-tijw Ipd®vh¿j-߃ ]n∂n-´-t∏mƒ tam¿ Btlm-bpsSinjy-K-W-Ønse {][m-\n-bmb lqtdmbv°v HcpZ¿i-\-ap-≠m-bn. Z¿i-\-{]-Imcw lqtdmbvv tam¿Btlm-bpsS injy-∑m-cmb tam¿ GenbmA¬t_- n -bm -\n -tbmSpw, tam¿ t\mlA≥tØ-Zm-cn-tbmSpw IqsS A¬hm-kn¬ \n∂pwtam¿ Btlm-bpsS arX-i-cocw Xp¿°n-bnsesZ^vs\-Øn-ep≈ Zb-dm-bn¬ sIm≠p-t]mbnkwkvI-cn-®p. tam¿ Btlm-bpsS Hm¿Ω-Zn-hkw]pXp-Rm-b-dm-gvNbv°v tijw hcp∂ Rmb¿BtLm-jn-°p-∂p. hnip≤ …o_m s]cp-∂m-fn-t\mSv A\p-_-‘n®pw tam¿ Btlm-bpsS s]cp-∂mƒ BtLm-jn-°p∂ ]Xnhpw D≠v.

tam¿ Btlm-bpsS {]m¿∞\ tIm -́bm-I-s´.

ad°cpsXm-cn-°epw Cu a{¥w

Dj-k-‘y-bn¬ DW-cWw

ssZhsØ kvXpXn-°Ww

A—t\bpw AΩ-tbbpw \μn-tbmsS Hm¿°Ww

Adn-hns\ Aar-Xmbn Icp-XWw

Adnhp X∂ Kpcp-hns\

inc p XmgvØn hW-ßWw

hen-b-hsc am\n-°Ww

Ffn-b-hsc kvt\ln-°Wwkºm-Z-I≥

km_p sNdp-hn-c-en¬

amXm ]nXm Kpcp:ssZhw

\√-Iq´p IqSWw

\√-hm°v tIƒ°Ww

\∂mbn ]Tn-°Ww

\√ am¿°p hmßWw

\mSn-s\mcp Zo]-ambn

\√-h-cmbn hmgWw

170

171

\oen-aw-Kew ]≈n,

Hcp sFXolyw

Xºm≥ ]n. h¿Ko-kv

]pd-tØ´v

IS∏mSv :

Ip-cy≥ t]mØ≥

aßm-´p-Im-em-bn¬

]pcm-X\ Bcm-[-\m-e-b-߃°v F√mw Xs∂ AXns‚ D¬ -̀h-hp-ambn _‘--s∏ v́ an°-hmdpw Hcp sFXolyw D≠m-bn-cn-°pw. CXvAXns‚ {]m[m-\yhpw ]ucm-Wn-I-X-bpsS Bghpw Adn-bn-°p-∂-Xp-am-bn-cn-°pw. \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ°v ap≥]v \S-∂-Xmbn ]d-™p-tIƒ°p∂Cu Imcy-߃ B Ime-L-́ -Øn\v A\p-k-cn®v hne-bn-cp-Øn-bm¬Nne hkvXp-X-Iƒ AXn¬ D≈-Xmbn \ap°v t_m[ys∏Spw.

Bbn-cØn sXm≈m-bn-cØn ]Xn-\-©n¬ ÿm]n-X-amb \oen-aw-Kew sk‚ v tacokv ]≈n-bpsS A∂p-ap-X-ep≈ Ncn{Xw F√m-h-cp-sSbpw Adn-hn-te-°mbn Fgp-X-s∏-́ n-́ p-≠v. Ncn{Xw I≠-dn-hn-s‚-bpw tI -́dn-hn-s‚bpw AXnepw D]-cn-bmbn sXfn-hp-I-fp-sSbpw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-emWv cNn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ "sFXo-ly-߃ Xe-ap-d-X-e-ap-d-bmbn hmbv samgn-bn-eqsS ]I¿∂p t]mcp-∂p. hfsc ]g°wD≈ Hcp sFXolyw Cu tZhm-e-bsØ kw_-‘n®pw D≠v.'

\q‰m-≠p-Iƒ°v ap≥]v Xs∂ \oen-aw-Kew {]tZ-iØv {InkvXym-\n-I-ƒ IpSn-tbdn ]m¿Øp. IpSn-tb-‰-Øn\v ChnSw sXc-s™-Sp-°p-hm≥ ]e Imc-W-߃ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. B ImeØv tIm´bw {]tZ-isØ c≠p {][m\ hmWn-Py-tI-{μ-ß-fmbn Adn-b-s∏-́ n-cp-∂-Xn¬H∂v \oen-aw-Kehpw at‰Xv Xmg-Ø-ßm-Snbpw Bbn-cp-∂p. Nc°v\o°w {][m-\-ambpw Pe-am¿§w \S-Øn-bn-cp∂ B Ime-L-́ -Øn¬Bb-Xn\v kuI-cy-{]Z-amb {]tZiw F∂ \nebv°mWv ChnSwhmWnPy tI{μ-ß-fmbn Db¿∂p-h-∂-Xv. Cu hkvXp-X- _‘-s∏´tIcf Ncn-{X-]p-kvX-I-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw \ap°v a\- n-em-°p-hm≥km[n°pw. \oen-aw-Kew {]tZiw Irjnbv°v hfsc A\p-tbm-Py-amb ÿew IqSn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. \oen-aw-Kew `mKØv C∂sØ Fw.-kn. tdmUvv Acn-In¬ ImWp∂ \nc-sI-́ n-S-߃ apgp-h\pw B ImeØv[m\y-ßfpw i¿°-cbpw kq£n-®n-cp∂ ]≠-I-im-e-Iƒ Bbn-cp-∂p.

B Ime-L-́ -Øn¬ BWv A[zm\ioecpw Irjn-bn¬ Xev]-ccp-amb ac-ßm-́ n¬ IpSpw-_-°m¿ hS-I-c-bn¬ \n∂pw \oen-aw-Kew{]tZ-iØv IpSn-tbdn ]m¿Ø-Xv. A∂v Cu {]tZiw apgp-h\pw kqcy-Im-eSn a\bpsS A[o-\-X-bn¬ Bbn-cp-∂-Xn-\m-¬ Ah-cpsS A\p-hm-Z-tØmsS am{Xta ChnsS Irj-n -sN-øp-hm≥ km[n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p-≈p. Irjn-sNbvXv e`n-°p∂ hnf-hns‚ Hcp `mKw IWn-bmbna\-bn¬ FØn-°p∂ ]Xnhpw A°m-eØv D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. IqSmsX\√-co-Xn-bn¬ Irjn \S-Øn \√ hnfhv D≠m-hp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬

sFXo-ly-߃ Xe-ap-d-X-e-ap-d-bmbn hmbv samgn-bn-eqsS ]I¿∂p t]mcp-∂p. hfsc ]g°wD≈ Hcp sFXolywCu tZhm-e-bsØkw_-‘n®pw D≠v.

172

173

a\-°m¿°v Xmev]cyw tXm∂n B Irjn ÿewIc-sam-gn-hmbn Irjn-sN-øp-∂-h¿°v ]Xn®v sImSp-°p∂ coXnbpw A∂p \ne-hn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

\´m-t»-cn, ]md-ºpg, sh≈q-∏-dºv {]tZ-iØvXma-kn-®n-cp-∂Xv sIm√≥ Ing-t°¬, ]pd-tØ v́,s\Sp-º≈n, s]cp-º-ew, CS-bv°m´v XpS-ßnb{]apJ ss{IkvXh IpSpw-_-°m¿ Bbn-cp-∂p. Ch-cpsS Im¿jnI D¬∏-∂-߃ hnev°p-∂-Xn\pwBh-iy-amb a‰p km[-\-߃ hmßp-∂-Xn\pw\oen-aw-Kew {]tZ-iØv hcnI ]Xn-hm-bn-cp-∂p. Cu{]tZ-isØ I®-h-S-Øns‚ Hcp `mK-Øns‚ \nb-{¥Ww ac-ßm-´n¬ IpSpw-_-°m¿°mbncp∂p.ta¬]-d™ {]tZ-i-Øp-≈-h¿ I®-h-S-Øn-\mbnhcn-Ibpw t]mhp-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv C∂v \oen-aw-Kew ]≈n ÿnXn sNøp∂ ]≈n-∏pdw `mK-Øp-Iq-Sn-bp≈ hgn-®m-en-eqsS Bbn-cp-∂p. ImSv ]nSn®v`oXn-bp-f-hm-°p∂ coXnbnem-bn-cp∂p hgn-®m-ens‚Ccp-h-ihpw InS-∂n-cp-∂Xv. Hcp `mKw \cn-I-fpsSkt¶-X-amb \cn-°pgn F∂v Adn-b-s∏-´n-cp-∂p.CXp-hgn k©-cn-®n-cp∂ bm{X-°m¿°v ]≈n-∏pdw`mKØv FØp-tºmƒ Nne ka-b-ß-fn¬ ss]im-NnI i‡n-I-fpsS D]-{Zhw A\p-̀ -h-s∏-SpI ]Xn-hm-bn-cp-∂p. am{¥n-I˛ Xm{¥nI I¿Ω-ß-fpsSCu‰n-√-am-bn-cp∂ kqcy-Im-eSn a\ hI-bmbncp∂pap≥]v Cu {]tZiw. `oXn-aqew P\-߃°v Cuhgn-bn-eqsS \S∂v \oen-aw-K-eØv I®-h-S-Øn\vFØp∂ Imcyw _p≤n-ap-́ n-em-bncp∂p.

A°m-eØv Cu {]tZ-isØ ss{IkvXhIpSpw-_-°m¿ Ah-cpsS Bflo-b-Im-cy-߃°vIqSp-X-embpw B{i-bn-®n-cp-∂Xv tIm´bw sNdn-b-]-≈n-tbbpw aW¿ImSv ]≈n-tbbpw Bbn-cp-∂p.

ss]im-NnI i‡n-I-fpsS D]-{Zhw Gdn h∂-t∏mƒ AXn\v ]cn-lmcw ImWp-∂-Xn\v aW¿ImSv]≈nsb Xs∂ Chn-Sp-≈-h¿ icWw {]m]n-®p.Ahn-SpsØ hnIm-cn-b-®≥ XSn-bn¬ \n¿Ωn® HcpIpcniv A®s‚ Xs∂ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ F√m-h-tcbpw Iq´n ChnsS sIm≠p h∂v ac-ßm-́ n¬ ]pc-bn-S-Øn¬ ÿm]n-®p. Aßs\ aW¿ImSv ]≈n-bnse ssZh-am-Xm-hns‚ k∂n-[n-bn¬ \n∂pwssZhoI tXPkv ChnsS {]thiw sNbvXp.

aW¿ImSv ]≈n-bn¬ \n∂pw sIm≠p-h∂Ipcniv ÿm]n®v h¿j-߃°v tijw BWvChnsS Hcp Bcm-[\mebw D≠m-Ip -∂Xv.1915 ̨ ¬ ac-ßm-́ n¬ aßm-́ p-Im-em-bn¬ t]mØ≥tImcpf Zm\-ambn \¬Inb ÿeØv hn: ssZh-am-Xm-hns‚ \ma-Øn¬ ]≈n ÿm]n-°-s∏-´p.BZyw Hme-ta™ sNdnb sjUv Bbncp∂pÿm]n-®-Xv. tZhm-ebw \n¿Ωn-°-s∏-́ -t∏mƒ A∂vIpcniv ÿm]n® AtX ÿm\Øv BWv hn:t{XmtWmkv ]Wn-I-gn-∏n-®-Xv. ]pXp°n ]WnX]pXnb ]≈n-bpsS aZv_lm ÿnXn sNøp-∂XvB ÿm\-Øm-Wv.\q‰m-≠p-Iƒ°v tijw \ΩpsS tZhm-ebw]p\¿\n¿Ωn-°-s∏-´-t∏mƒ aW¿ImSv ]≈n-bn¬\n∂p≈ Hcp sshZn-I≥ Xs∂ \n¿Ωm-WØn\vt\XrXzw \¬In--bXv tIhew bmZr-›n-I-a√.ssZh-\n-tbmKw Xs∂-bm-bn-́ p-thWw Icp-Xp-hm≥.

ssZh-am-Xm-hns‚ A\p-{Kl ]cn-em-f-\-I-fm¬ [-\y-amb Cu tZh-mebw, B{ibw tXSp∂\m\m-PmXn aX-ÿ-cmb P\-߃°v Bflob\¬h-chpw A\p-{Kl a≤y-ÿhpw sNmcn-bp∂Hcp ]pWy k-t¶X-ambn \ne-sIm-≈p-∂p.

kqcy-\p-Zn®p Infn-Iƒ Nne®p

\t√mcp Znhkw hs∂Øn

AΩ-°nfn X≥ Ip™p-߃°v

Xo‰-tXSn t]mhp-Ibmw

kqcy-\p-Zn-®p -In-fn-Iƒ Nne®p

\t√mcp Znhkw hs∂Øn

sam´p-Iƒ hncn™p

]q°ƒ hnS¿∂p

\t√mcp Znhkw hs∂Øn

hb-ep-Iƒ sImøm≥ I¿j-I-scØn

\t√mcp Znhkw hs∂Øn (kq-cy-\p-Zn.........)

\√ Zn\w

F_n≥ tXmakv a¿t°mkv]≈n-∏p-dØv

Std.V11

174

175

Dr. Mani RajanCorepiscopa

Principal,St. Joseph’s TrainingCollege, Mannanam

hnip≤ Ip¿∫m\

GsXmcp hnjbw ]Tn-°m≥ {ian-°p-tºmgpw {]mcw-̀ -ambnAt\z-jn-t°-≠Xv GsX√mw {KŸ-ß-fmWv ]T-\-Øn\v D]-tbm-Kn-t°-≠Xv F∂p-≈-Xm-Wv. CXv ]c-a-{]-[m-\-amb Imcy-am-Wv.Fs¥-∂m¬ \qdn-e-[nIw {KŸ-߃ ae-bmf ̀ mj-bnepw Cw•ojv`mj-bnepambn hn. Ip¿∫m-\sb kw_-‘n®v cNn-°-s∏-́ n-́ p≠vF∂p-≈-Xm-Wv. B{in-X-{K-Ÿ-ßsf kw_-‘n®pw IqSmsXIp¿∫m-\sb kw_-‘n®pw ]Tn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ a‰p-X-e-ßsfkw_-‘n®pw Hcp eLp-hn-h-cWw {]mcw-̀ -Øn¬ \¬Ip-I-bm-Wv.1. ]T-\-Øn-\m-{i-bn-°m-hp∂ {KŸ-߃2. hnip-≤- Ip¿∫m-\-bpsS Bcw-̀ hpw ]cn-Wm-a-hpw.3. Xncp-h-kv{X-߃4. hnip-≤ -D-]-I-c-W-߃5. {]Xo-I-ßfpw hymJym-\-ßfpw6. {]m¿∞-\-Ifpw hymJym-\-ßfpw7. Ime-∏-g-°-Øn¬ h∂p-tN¿∂n-cn-°p∂ sX‰p-Iƒ8. hnizmk {]am-Ww˛ hymJym\w9. I¿Xr-{]m¿∞-\-̨ -hym-Jym\w

10. hnip≤ ssZhm-e-bw˛ hnhn[ `mK-߃hnip≤ Ip¿∫m-\sb kw_-‘n®v ]q¿Æ-tXm-Xn¬ ]Tn-°p-

∂-Xn\v ta¬]-d™ Imcy-ß-sf√mw ]T-\-hn-j-b-am-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.a‰p-Iq-Zm-i-I-sf-t∏mse IqZm-i-I-fpsS dmWn-bmb hnip≤ Ip¿∫m-\sb kw_-‘n®v ]Tn-°p-tºmgpw kpdn-bm\n k -̀bpsS ]mc-º-cy-sØ-°p-dn®pw ]Tn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. kpdn-bm\n k -̀bpsS Bcm-[-\-Iƒ, ip{iq-j-Iƒ, IqZm-i-Iƒ F∂nh ]mc-º-cy-hp-ambn Cgp-In-t®¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p.

AeIvk{¥nb ]m{Xn-bm¿°o-km-bn-cp∂ tam¿ AØm-\m-kntbm-kns‚ F.-Un. 367 se Cuÿ I¬]\ hgn-bmWv hnip≤{KŸ-Øn-epƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p∂ ]pkvX-I-ßsf kw_-‘n®vHutZym-KnI {]Jym-]-\-ap-≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. (The orgin of Bible byPhilip Wesley Comport (1992) Illinois: Tyndale HousePublishers, Inc., p. 74) AXp-hsc k`-bn¬ \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂BNmc A\p-jvTm-\-ß-sfbmWv ]mc-º-cy-߃ F∂v hntijn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. At∏m-kvtXm-enI ]mc-ºcyw F∂Xv Aen-JnX BNm-c-߃, hg-°-߃, \S-]-Sn-Iƒ F∂ \ne-bn¬ ho£n-°p-tºmƒ

IqZm-i-I-fpsS dmWn-bmb hnip≤ Ip¿∫m-\sb kw_-‘n®v]Tn-°p-tºmgpwkpdn-bm\n k -̀bpsS]mc-º-cy-sØ-°p-dn®pw]Tn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

176

177

ASn-ÿm-\-an-√m-ØtXm Aim-kv{Xn-btam A√. AXp-sIm-≠mWv ssIk-cym-bnse henb tam¿_t -en-tbmkv (d.A.D. 379) Xncp-h-N-\hpw ]mcºcy-hpw Xpey-̀ -‡n-tbmSpw BZ-c-thm-Spw IqsSAwKo-I-cn-°-W-sa∂v ]Tn-∏n-®n-́ p-≈-Xv. DZm-l-c-W-ambn Ipcn-ip-h-c-bv°p-∂Xv, \n∂p-sIm≠v {]m¿∞n-°p-∂-Xv, Ing-t°m-́ -̀ n-ap-J-ambn {]m¿∞n-°p-∂Xv Ch-sb√mw ]mc-º-cy-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-em-Wv kpdn-bm\n k -̀bn¬ A\p-h¿Øn-®p-h-cp-∂-Xv.

I. hnip≤ Ip¿∫m-\sb kw_-‘n®v

]Tn-°p-∂-Xn\v B{i-bn-°m-hp∂ {KŸ-߃

hnip≤ Ip¿∫m-\sb kw_-‘n®v hf-sc-b-[nIw {KŸ-߃ cNn-°-s∏-́ n-́ p-≠v. F∂m¬ae-bm-f-Ønepw Cw•o-jnepw {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n-cn-°p∂ aq∂p ]pkvX-I-߃ ASn-ÿm-\-sa∂v Icp-Xm-hp-∂-h-bm-Wv. Xmsg ]d-bp∂ aq∂p ]pkvX-I-ß-fnse hymJym-\-߃°pw \n¿t±-i-߃°pwhncp-≤-am-bh X≈n-°-f-tb-≠-Xm-Wv. k -̀bpsS ]mc-º-cy-amWv k`m-a-°ƒ ]Tn-t°-≠-Xv. hy‡n-I-fpsS Xmev]-cy-ßfpw t_m≤y-ßfpw k -̀bpsS ss]Xr-I-ambn kzoI-cn-°m-hp-∂-X-√.

ASn-ÿm\ ]pkvX-I-߃1. tam¿ tamsi _¿Io-s∏m, aqk-ense sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø (F.-Un. 813˛903) cNn® hnip≤ Ip¿_m-

\-bpsS hymJym\w2. tam¿ Zoh-∂m-kn-tbmkv _¿…o-_n, Ban-Zn-bnse sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø (-F.-Un. 1145˛1171) cNn®

Bcm-[-\m-{I-a-Øns‚ hymJym-\w.3. tam¿ {KntKm-dn-tbmkv _m¿ F{_mb, sX{Ko-knse a{^n-bm\ (F. Un. 1226˛1286)

cNn® lqZmb Imt\m-\nse \memw A≤ym-bw.

II. hnip≤ Ip¿∫m-\-bpsS Bcw-̀ hpw ]cn-Wm-ahpw

a. At∏m-kvtXm-e-Im-ew (H∂mw \q‰m-≠v)hnip≤ Ip¿∫m-\-bpsS A\p-jvTm-\-Øn¬ At∏m-kvtXm-e-Im-eØv \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ coXn

hn.-{K-Ÿ-Øn¬\n∂v a\- n-em-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. At∏m-kvtXme {]h¿Øn-Iƒ 2:42 ""Ah¿ At∏m-kvtXm-e-∑m-cpsS D]-tZiw tI´pw Iq´mbva BN-cn®pw A∏w \pdp-°nbpw {]m¿∞\ Ign®pwt]m∂p'' I¿Øm-hns‚ I¬]-\-{]-Imcw \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ hnip≤ Ip¿∫m\ A\p-jvTm-\sØ kw_-‘n®v hnip≤ ]utemkv «olmbpw ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂p-≠v. 1.sImcn-¥y¿ 11:23˛26 ""Rm≥ I¿Øm-hn-¶¬ \n∂pw {]m]n-°p-Ibpw \n߃°v G¬]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXXv Fs¥-∂m¬: I¿Øm-hmbtbip-hns\ ImWn-®p-sIm-SpØ cm{Xn-bn¬ Ah≥ A∏-sa-SpØv kvtXm{Xw sNm√n \pdp-°n...Fs‚ Hm¿Ω-bv°mbn sNbvhn≥ F∂p ]d™p'' hnip≤ Ip¿∫m\ I¿Øm-hmb tbip aninlmÿm]n--®Xv k‘ym ka-b-Øm-bn-cp-∂p (a-Ømbn 26:20, a¿t°m; 14:17). injy-∑mcpw I¿Øm-hns‚ I¬]\ {]Imcw hnip-≤-Ip¿∫m\ A\p-jvTn-®n-cp-∂Xpw k‘ym-k-a-b-Øm-bn-cp-∂p.(A-t∏m. {]h¿Øn-Iƒ 20:7) I¿Øm-hns‚ ktlm-Z-c\pw Du¿t«-ans‚ H∂m-asØ {][m-\m-Nm-cy-\p-amb tam¿ bmt°m_v s]¥n-t°mkvXn Rmb-dmgvN Ign-™p-h-cp∂ _p[-\mgvN At±-l-Øns‚ t]cn-e-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ tam¿ bmt°m-_ns‚ {Ia-a-\p-k-cn®v hn. Ip¿∫m-\--b¿∏n®p. Cu {IawFhnsS\n∂v F∂-t±-l-tØmSv tNmZn-®-t∏mƒ At±lw ]d™p. ""Rm≥ H∂pw Iq´n-t®¿Øn-√.;Rm≥ H∂pw \o°n-°-f-™n√; I¿Øm-hn¬ \n∂p Rm≥ tI´-Xp-am{Xw'' (_¿…o-_n, p.15).tam¿ bmt°m_v F. Un. 62 ¬ c‡-km-£n-bm-bn. Bb-Xn-\m¬ H∂mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ Ah-km-\-tØmsS \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ hnip≤ Ip¿∫m\ (Z¿Km-bn¬ Ib-dp-∂-Xp-ap-X-ep≈ `mKw) Xs∂-bm-WvC∂pw kpdn-bm\n k` A\p-jvTn-°p-∂-Xv. Ncn-{X-tc-J-I-fn≥ {]Imcw Zp:Jsh≈n-bmgvN G{]n¬

178

179

6 (F.-Un. 30) F∂v AwKo-I-cn-®m¬ tam¿ bmt°m_v _en-b¿∏n-®Xv sabv 30 F.-Un. 30 emsW∂vIW-°m-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

b. ]oV-bpsS Imew (1 -̨ 3 \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ)tdmam N{I-h¿Øn-amsc `b∂v hnizm-kn-I-ƒ H-fn®p Ign-™p-Iq-Snb Ime-L-́ -am-bn-cp∂p

c≠pw aq∂pw \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ.1. sZman-Xym-t\mkv (F.-Un. 81˛96)2. {SmP≥ (F.-Un.98˛117)3. a¿t°mkv Hmcn-en-tbmkv(F.-Un. 121˛174)4. sk]vXo-tamkv skaotdmkv (F.-Un. 193˛211)5. aIvkn-tamkv (F.-Un. 235˛238)6. tZm°n-tbmkv (F.-Un.250˛251)7. Utbm-¢o-jy≥ (F.-Un. 284˛305)

F∂o cmPm-°-∑mcpw a‰p-]e cmPm-°-∑mcpw (A-_vZpƒ BlmZv dºm-®≥, 1948) {InkvXym-\n-I-sf ITn-\-ambn ]oVn-∏n-®p. (c.f. 2 a°m-_n-b¿ 6:11).

F. Un. 155 ¬ hnip≤ PÃn≥, At‚mWn-\kv ]bkv (F.-Un. 138˛161) F∂ N{I-h¿Øn-s°-gp-Xnb IØn¬ B Ime-L-́ -Ønse {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ F{]-Imcw hnip-≤- Ip¿∫m\A\p-jvTn-®n-cp-∂p-sh∂v tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-́ p-≠v. AXv Xmsg ImWp∂ hn[w kw{K-ln-°mw. Ah¿Kpl-I-fntem, \ne-h-d-I-fntem H∂n-®p-IqSpw. kabw A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse {]h-N-\-ßfpwAt∏m-kvtXm-e-∑m-cpsS Fgp-Øp-Ifpw hmbn-°pw. aq∏≥ D]-tZ-in°pw. Ah¿ Fgp-t∂‰v X߃°p-th≠nbpw a‰p-≈-h¿°p-th-≠nbpw {]m¿∞n-°pw, IrX-⁄Xm kvtXm{Xw A¿∏n-°pw, A∏w ]¶p-h-bv°pw, siΩm-i≥ -A-∏-ho-™p-Iƒ k∂n-ln-X-cm-bn-cn-°p-∂-h¿°v sImSp-°pw. lmP-cm-Im-Ø-h¿°p- sIm-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn sIm≠pt]mIpw.

ASn-a-I-fmbncp∂ hnizm-kn-I-ƒ°v A≤zm-\-Øn-\p-tijw k‘ym-k-a-b-Øm-bn-cp∂p Bcm-[-\bv°v kabw sImSp-Øn-cp-∂-Xv. ]n∂oSv k‘ym-k-a-bØv tPmen-sN-øn∏n®v ]mXn-cm-{Xn-bn-em-bn-cp∂p hnizm-kn-Iƒ Bcm-[-\bv°v t]mbn-cp-∂-Xv.

c. thZ-hn-]-co-X-߃ (-\memw \q‰m-≠v)F. Un. 325 Pq¨ 19˛mw XobXn \nJym-bn¬ IqSnb kp∂-l-tZmknepw ]n∂oSv F.-Un.

381 ¬ IpkvX-¥o-t\mkv t]meo-kn¬ IqSnb kp∂-l-tZm-kn-ep-amWv C∂p-]-tbm-K-Øn-en-cn-°p∂

\nJym hnizmk{]amWw cq]o-I-cn-°-s∏-́ -Xv.-{Xn-Xz-Øn¬ c≠m-a-\mb tbip-{In-kvXp-hns\ kw_-

‘n®pw I\y-I-a-dn-bm-ans\ (ssZ-h-am-Xm-hv) kw_-‘n®pw ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ ]pd-∏m-Sns\ kw_-

‘n-®p-ap≈ ssZh-imkv{X X¿°-߃sIm≠v Iep-jn-X-am-bn-cp∂p \memw \q‰m-≠v. ""hnip≤ «ol-

∑m-cpsS Imew apX¬ IpkvX-¥ot\mkv N{I-h¿Øn-bpsS Imew hsc [q]m¿∏-Whpw skZvdmbpw

Ign™v as‰m∂pw sNm√msX sshZo-I≥ t\sc Ip¿∫m\ Bcw-̀ n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p ]Xn-hv'' (_¿…o-

_n, t]Pv 46, _¿Io∏m, t]Pv 25) AXn-\m¬ hnizmk{]amWw sNm√p∂ coXn \memw \q‰m-

≠n¬ (F.-Un. 325 \pti-jw) Bcw-̀ n-®p-sh∂p ]d-bmw. saskm-s∏m-t´m-ay≥ N{I-h¿Øn-bmb

kmt∏m¿ (F.-Un. 340˛379){In-kvXym-\n-Isf ]oUn-∏n-®-Xp-aq-e-amWv "X_-sseØm' ]eI km¿Δ-

{Xn-I-ambn D]-tbm-K-Øn¬ h∂-Xv.

d. 5 apX¬ 19˛mw \q-‰m-≠p-hsctam¿ tkth-dn-tbm-kv(-F.-Un. 460˛538) ]m{Xn-bm-°okv _mh cNn® "am\n-skm'(-\n≥am-

Xmhv hnip-≤∑m¿..........) 6˛mw \q‰m-≠n¬ tN¿°-s∏-́ p-sh∂p Icp-Xmw. ]gb\nba hmb-\-Iƒ]pXn-b-\n-ba hmb-\-Iƒ F∂n-h-bv°p-tijw "]ncn-®p-hn-S-s∏-́ -h¿ ]pd-Øp-t]m-Is´' F∂v siΩm-i≥ {]Jym-]n-°p∂ coXn-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ Cu ]Xnhv 13˛mw \q‰m-≠n¬ C√m-Xm-bn-Øo¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂v _m¿ F{_mb tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-́ p-≠ (t]Pv 41). Pohs‚ ]pkvXIw hmbn-°p∂

180

181

coXn 9˛mw \q‰m-≠n-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw (tam-si-_¿ Io∏m, t]Pv 28 ) 12˛mw \q‰m-≠n¬C√m-bn-cp-∂p (_¿…o-_n,-t]Pv 56). Pohs‚ ]pkvXIw hmbn-°mØ Ah-k-c-Øn¬ Xq_vtZ≥ 6FÆw D≈-Xn¬ H∂pw hn´p-I-f-bm≥ ]mSn-s√∂v tamsi _¿Iot∏m A\p-im-kn-°p-∂p (t]Pv46). Pohs‚ ]pkvXIw hmbn-°p∂ coXn-bn¬ \n∂v Xp_vtZ≥. hmbn-°p∂ coXn 8,9 \q‰m-≠p-I-fn-ep≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v Icp-Xp-∂Xv bp‡n `{Z-am-bn-cn-°pw. skZdm, s{]man-tbm-\p-I-ƒ 7˛mw \q‰m-≠p-ap-X¬ k¿Δ km[m-c-W-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v Icp-Xmw. At¥ymJym]m{Xn-b¿°o-km-bn-cp∂ bqlm-t\m≥ aq∂m-a≥ (John of Cedras, A.D. 631-648) _mh skZ-dm-Iƒ cNn® ]nXm-hmWv. B Ime-L-́ -Øn¬ skZ-dm-I-ƒ hmbn-®n-cp-∂p-sh∂v A\p-am-\n-°mw. (_¿…o-_n,-t]Pv 42). F∂m¬ ]m]]cn-lmc {]m¿∞-\sb (lq-tkm-sbm) kw_-‘n®pw ]cm-a¿i-߃ ImWp-∂n-√. AXp-t]mseXs∂ "Ip°n-en-tbm-\p-I-ƒ' sNm√p∂ ]Xnhpw 12˛mw \q‰m-≠n¬ C√m-bn-cp-∂p. P\-Øn\p apgp-h≥ km£y-Øn-s\-∂-hÆw Ip¿∫m\ Db¿Øn-°m-Wn-°p-∂p. kvtXm{XtØmSp-IqsS "]cn-ip-≤-\mb GI-]n-Xmhv' F∂m-Zn-bm-bXp P\w sNm√p-∂p. I¿∫m-\m-\p-̀ -h-Øn-\p-tijw kvtXm{X-Øn-s‚bpw \μn-bp-sSbpw {]m¿∞-\bpw A\p-{K-l-Øns‚ {]m¿∞-\bpw \S-Øp-∂p(-_m¿ F{_m-b,t]Pv 42).

e. 13 apX¬ 19˛mw \q‰m-≠p-hschn.-Ip¿∫m\ sImSp-°p-∂Xv Ah-km-\sØ Bio¿hm-Z-Øn\v tij-am-bn-cn-°-W-sa∂v \n¿t±-in-°-s∏-́ p. ""Ip¿∫m\ sImSp-°p∂ ka-b-sØ-°p-dn®v Ct∏mƒ apX¬ R߃ Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂-sX-s¥-∂m¬ Ah-km-\-Øn¬ "\nß-sf-√m-hcpw kam-[m-\-tØmsS t]mIp-hn≥' F∂-Xn-\p-ti-j-am-bn-cn-°Ww Ip¿∫m\ sImSp-t°-≠-Xv''. Fs¥-∂m¬ Rß-fpsS Ime-ß-fn¬ Hcp -]-́ -°m-c≥ ]Sn-™m-tdm´p Ip¿∫m\ hln-®p-sIm-≠p-h-cp∂ Ah-k-c-Øn¬ P\-_m-lpeyw \nanØw At±-l-Øn¬ \n∂v Hcp bmZr-›nI kw -̀h-ap-≠m-bn. (lq-ZmbImt\m≥, t]Pv 39). Cu \n_-‘\ Xs∂]cn-ip≤ ]t{Xmkv XrXo-b≥ ]m{X-nb¿°okv _mhmbpw I¬]-\-bn-eqsS Bh¿Øn-®n-́ p-≠v.F∂m¬ skeq≥ _t«msΩm F∂ samgn sNm√n-°-gn-™m¬ P\-sam-s°bpw ]ncn-bp-IbpwIp¿∫m-\-ssI-s°m-≈p-∂-Xn\v Hcp-ß-s∏-´n-´p-≈-h¿ Xma-kn®p Ip¿∫m\ ssIs°m-≈p-IbpwsNbvXp hcp-∂p. C\n-ta-em¬ bmsXmcp ] -́°m-c\pw skeq≥ _t«msΩm sNm√p-∂-Xn\p apºvP\-Øn\v Ip¿_m\ sImSp-∏m≥ ssZh-Øn¬ \n∂v A[n-Im-c-an-√. Cu I¬]-\sb [n°-cn-°p-∂h≥ Xs‚ ] -́Xz-Øn¬ \n∂v Hgn-b-s∏-́ -h-\m-bn-cn-°pw.(-]-cn-ip≤ ]t{Xmkv XrXo-b≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mh 1877 aIcw 15˛mw XobXn sIm®n-tIm-́ -∏-≈n-bn¬ \n∂pw Fgp-Xnb I¬]-\-bn¬ \n∂v, t]Pv 19)

Ip°n-en-tbm-\p-Iƒ, a≤y-ÿ-{]m¿∞\ F∂n-hbpw Cu Ime-L-́ -Øn¬ hn. Ip¿_m-\-bn¬Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xm-bn-cn°mw.

f. 20, 21 \q‰m-≠p-Iƒhn. Gh≥tK-en-tbm≥ hmbn-®p-I-gn-™m¬ DSs\ B kphn-tij `mKsØ kw_-‘n®v {]kw-Kn-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p BZy-Im-esØ ]Xnhv. GXm≠v 25 h¿j-߃°p-apºv Ip°n-en-tbm-\p-Iƒ -sNm-√p-∂-Xn-\n-S-bv°m-bn-cp∂p {]kw-K-Øn\v ka-b-sa-Sp-Øn-cp-∂-Xv. Ct∏mƒ {]kwKw Ah-km-\sØ Bin¿Δm-Z-Øn-\p-ti-j-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Gh≥tK-en-tbm≥ {]Z-£n-W-Øn\p _lp-am-\-]q¿ΔwsIm≠pt]mIp∂ ]Xnhv \n∂p t]mbn-cn-°p-∂p. hnhm-l-hm¿jnIw, P∑-Zn-\-kvtXm{Xw F∂n-ßs\ hn. Ip¿∫m-\bv°ptijhpw {]m¿∞-\-Iƒ \S-Øp∂ coXn km¿Δ-{Xo-I-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p.hn.-Ip¿∫m-\-bv°p-tijw ssIap-Øp-∂-Xn-\p-apºv ho≠pw Ip°n-en-tbm-\p-Iƒ sNm√p-∂-Xns‚kmwKXyw N¿®-sN-ø-s∏-tS-≠-Xm-Wv.

hnip-≤-∑m-cpsS Xncp-ti-jn-∏p-Iƒ, ]nXm-°-∑m-cpsS I_-dn-S-߃ F∂n-h-bp≈ ]≈n-Isf]cm-a¿in-®√ Cu A`n-{]mbw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv. kpdn-bm\n cmK-ß-fn¬ \n∂p≈ am‰w, A\-h-k-c-Ønse KoX-߃ F∂n-ßs\ hn. Ip¿∫m-\bpw ASn-ÿm-\-{]-am-W-߃ ]men-°-s∏-SmØ]e-Im-cy-ßfpw N¿®-sN-ø-s∏-tS-≠-Xm-bn-́ p-≠v.

182

]gq¿ Ipgn-bmºm v́ ]n.-Fw. tPmk^pw IpSpw-_hpw

]gq¿ ]≈n-∏p-dØv ]n.-sF. amØ\pw IpSpw-_hpw

183

Aflm-b-ZuXyw

^m. amXyqkvImhp-¶¬

hnImcn (2006˛2008)

D≤nX-\mb {InkvXp-hnt∑¬ ]Wn-b-s∏´ k` {InkvXp-hns‚ ico-c-am-Ip-∂p. \mw Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw Cu ico-c-Øns‚ ]¶m-fn-I-fm-Wv. CXns\kw_-‘n-®-v hnip-≤-]-t{Xmkv «olm C{]-Imcw ]d-bp-∂p. 1 ]t{Xmkv2:9, “ \nßtfm A‘-Im-c-Øn¬ \n∂p Xs‚ A¤p-X-{]-Im-i-Øn-te°p\nßsf hnfn-®hs‚ k¬Kp-W-ßsf tLmjn-∏m≥ X°-hÆw sXc-s™-Sp-°-s∏´ Hcp PmXnbpw cmP-Iob ]ptcm-ln-X-h¿§-hpw, hnip-≤-hw-ihpw , kz¥-P-\hpw BIp-∂p''. C{]-Imcw k` anin-lm-bpsS ZuXy-\n¿Δ-l-W-Øn-tebv°v hnfn-°-s∏-´-h-cm-Wv. hnip-≤-P-\-sa-∂-Xn-eqsSA¿∞-am-Ip-∂Xv kI-em-\p-̀ -h-cm-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v Bfl-amb ZuXywNn¥n-°p-tºmƒ ]utcm-ln-Xy-[¿ΩsØ am‰n \n¿Øn hnNn-¥\w \S-Øp-∂Xv icn-b-√. Fs¥-∂m¬ k` F∂Xv (ECCLESIA) -hm-°nepw{]h¿Øn-bnepw {InkvXp-hns\ km£o-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-hm≥ th≠n hnfn-°-s∏´ kaq-l-am-Wv. k` {InkvXphns‚ ico-chpw \mw Hmtcm-cp-ØcpwB ico-c-Øns‚ Ah-b-h-ß-fp-am-Ip-∂p. Hmtcm Ah-b-h-Øn\pw {]tXy-I-amb I¿Ωm-\p-jvTm-\-ap-≠v. Cu A\p-jvTm-\-Øns‚ BsI-Øp-I-bmWvico-cw. ChnsS icocw {]h¿Ø-t\m-∑p-J-am-Ip-tºmƒ AXn\v e`n-°p∂hc-Zm-\-߃ hyXy-kvXw F¶nepw AXv A\p-̀ -hn-°p-tºmƒ Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw D≠m-Ip∂ Ir]m Zm\-߃ hnhn-[-ß-fmWv. Cu Xe-Øn¬\n∂p-sIm≠v thWw Bflm-b-ZuXyw F∂ kØsb t{iWo-I-cn-t°-≠-Xv. Cu kØm-t{i-Wn-bpsS taJ-e-Iƒ ]mc-{Xn-Ihpw AtX-k-abwsFlo-Ihpw BWv. Ch c≠n-t\bpw H∂n®v DuSpw ]mhpw F∂-t]mse\n¿Øn Nn¥n-®m¬ am{Xsa bYm¿∞-amb {]h¿Ø-\-tijn a\- n-em-°p-hm≥ km[n-°p-I-bp-≈p. CXv hnhn-[hpw sshPm-{Xn-Ihpw BWv.F√m-‰n-s\-∏-‰nbpw {]Xn-]m-Zn-°pI F∂Xv ÿe-]-cn-anXn sIm≠v{]bmkw Dfhm-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. Npcp°w Nne Nn¥-Iƒ ChnsS ]¶p-sh-bv°p-hm≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂p.

H∂m-a-Xmbn s]mXp-\-∑-bm-bn-cn-°Ww F√m Bflo-b-cp-sSbpwZuXyw. hnip≤ ]utemkv «olm sImcn-¥y¿°v Fgp-Xnb teJ\w 12A≤ymbw 7˛mw hmIy-Øn¬ C{]-Imcw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.“F∂m¬ Hmtcm-cp-Ø\v Bflm-hns‚ {]Im-i\w s]mXp-{]-tbm-P-\-Øn-\mbn \evI-s∏-Sp-∂p. CXv [z\n-∏n-°p-∂Xv k`mw-K-ß-fmb \mw Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw G‰hpw hnip-≤hpw ImtXm-en-Ihpw At∏m-kvtXm-en-Ihpw Bbk -̀bnse AwK-߃ BsW-∂p≈XmWv. ]uckvXy ]mc-º-cy-Øn¬k -̀bpsS km¿Δ-{Xn-IX F∂Xv kI-e-tØbpw Dƒs°m-≈p-∂-Xm-Wv.

k` {InkvXphns‚ico-chpw \mw Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw B ico-c-Øns‚Ah-b-h-ß-fp-am-Ip-∂p.Hmtcm Ah-b-h-Øn\pw{]tXy-I-amb I¿Ωm-\p-jvTm-\-ap-≠v. CuA\p-jvTm-\-Øns‚BsI-Øp-I-bmWvico-cw.

184

185

AXv `qan-im-kv{X-]-c-amb km¿Δ-{Xn-IX A√ adn®vF√m-bn-SØpw ]c-∂n-cn-°p∂ `qan-bn¬ F√m-‰n-t\bpw Dƒs°m-≈p∂ ]q¿Æ-Xbpw kI-eXpwBWv. Zriyhpw , AZr-iyhpw, kIe t_m[-ß-sfbpw Dƒs∏-Sp-∂-Xp-amb kaqlw BWv CXv. 2˛mwhØn-°m≥ Iu¨kn-ens‚ 33˛mw tcJ C{]-Imcw]d-bp-∂p, “ The apostolate of the laity is a sharingin the salvific mission of the church. ThroughBaptism and confirmation all are appointed to thisapostolate by the Lord himself”. At∏m-kvtXm-enIBflm-b¿ k`bpsS c£m-ZuXy \n¿Δ-l-W-Øn¬]¶m-fn-I-fp-am-Wv. hnip≤ amtam-Zn-km-bn-eq-sSbpwÿnXnIc-W-Øn-eq-sSbpw Cu At∏m-kvtXmenIX{InkvXp Ah¿°v \¬In-bn-cn°p∂p. CXv [z\n∏n°p-∂Xv Gh¿°pw D≈ ]¶m-fnØam-Wv. Cu ]¶m-fn-Ø-Øns‚ A¿∞w ]¶p-sh-bv°p∂ kaqlw F∂p-≈-Xm-Wv.

]g-b-\n -baw ]cn -tim-[n -®m¬ ]pd-∏mSv]pkvXIw 18˛mw A≤ym-b-Øn¬ tamsi-bpsS{]h¿Øn-Iƒ AΩmbnA∏-\mb bnt{Xm I≠-t∏mƒBflmb ZuXy-Øns‚ Bh-iy-I-X-sb-°p-dn®vDu∂¬ sImSp-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn ImWm≥ km[n-°pw.tami P\-Øn-\p-th≠n sNøp∂ Imcyw I≠-t∏mƒbnt{Xm-tNm-Zn-®p, “ \o GI-\mbn hnkvX-cn-°p-hm≥Ccn-°p-∂p” . XpS¿∂v bnt{Xm \n¿t±iw sImSp-°p-∂p, “ \o sNøp∂ Imcyw \∂√m, \obpw \nt∂mSvIqsS-bp≈ Cu P\hpw £oWn-®p-t]mIpw CuImcyw \n\°v AXn-̀ mcw BIp-∂p; Rm≥ \n\°vHcp Imcyw ]d-™p-Xcmw ssZh-̀ -‡-∑mcpw kXy-hm-∑mcpw Zpcm-Zmbw shdp-°p-∂-h-cp-amb {]m]vXn-bp≈]pcp -j-∑msc kIe P\-Øn¬ \n∂pw sXc-s™SpØv Ahsc Bbncw t]¿°v A[n-]-Xn-am-cmbpw \qdp-t]¿°v A[n-]-Xn-am-cmbpw Aº-Xp-t]¿°vA[n-]-Xn-am-cmbpw ]Øp-t]¿°v A[n-]-Xn-am-cmbpw\nb-an-°p-I. Ah¿ F√m-k-a-bØpw P\-Øn\v\ymbw hn[n-°-s´. henb Imcy-sam-s°bpw Ah¿\ns‚ ASp-°¬ sIm≠p-h-c-s´. sNdnb Imcy-sam-s°bpw Ah¿Xs∂ Xo¿°-s´. Cßs\ Ah¿\nt∂mSv IqsS hln-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ \n\°p ̀ mcw Ipd-bpw” .-CXv ]¶p-sh-bv°-ens‚ {]I-S-am-b DZm-l-c-W-am-Wv. Bflmb-cn-eqsS tami ssZh-tØmSpw ssZh-Øn¬ \n∂v Bflm-b-cn-tebv°pw ZuXy \n¿h-lWw\S-Øp-∂p.

aq∂m-a-Xmbn ssZh-im-kv{X-Øn¬ ]¶m-fn-I-ƒBIpI F∂ ZuXyw temI-Ønepw {]tXy-In®v ̀ mc-X-Ønse ssZh-imkv{Xw ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ anj-\-dn-am-cpsS {]h¿Ø-\w, Km\-c-N-\, ssZh-imkv{X Ncn{X{KŸm-hen F∂n-h -bn¬ Bflm-b-cpsS ]¶v

hn]p-ehpw hne-s∏-́ -Xp-am-Wv. km[psIm®p-Ip™v D]-tZin apX¬ {in. Cu. Fw. ^nen∏v, tUm. Fw.-Fw.tXmakv F∂n-h¿ hsc-bp≈ ssh⁄m-\nI t{iWnCXn\v DØ-a -D-Zm-l-cWw BWv.

\mem-a-Xmbn Bflm-b¿ k -̀bpsS Nme-I-i-‡nbpw t{]c-Ihpw \ho-I-c-W-kv^p-enw-K-ßfpwBbn amd-Ww. hnip≤ ]utemkv At∏m-kvtXm-e≥Ft -̂ky¿°v Fgp-Xnb teJ\w 4:12 apX¬ 16 h-sc-bp≈ hmIy-ß-fn¬ Bflm-b¿°p≈ ]¶v khn-ÿcw {]kvXm-hn-°p-∂p. F v́ Imcy-߃ At±lwDu∂n-∏-d -bp∂p. {InkvXp-hns‚ ico-c -Øns‚BfloI h¿≤-\, hnizm-k-Øns‚ ]q¿Æ-X, a\p-jy-cpsS ]q¿Æ hf¿®, {InkvXp-hns‚ ]q¿Æ-Xsb Im´n-s°m-Sp-°p-I, kvt\l-Øn¬ kXyw kwkm-cn-°p-I,{InkvXp F∂ Xe-tbmfw hf-cp-hm≥ klm-bn-°p-I, D-Xhn-°mbp≈ {]h¿Ø\w, kvt\l-Øn-\m-bp≈hf¿® F∂n-h-bmWv. Ch Hmtcm-∂n-s‚bpw {]tXy-I-Xbpw hni-Zo-I-c-Whpw hnkvXm-c- `m-c-Øm¬ Dt]-£n-°p-I-bm-Wv.

Npcp-°-Øn¬ Bflmb ZuXyw F∂Xv tIh-e-amb H∂-√. hy‡n-hn-I-k\w, hnI-k-\-Øn-t\mSvH∏-ap≈ kmaq-lnI {]Xn-_-‘-X, kphn-ti-jo-I-c-W-Øn-ep≈ ]¶v, ssZh-cm-Py-Øn-te-bv°p-≈-Z¿i-\-hpw, ]¶m-fn-Øhpw Hmtcm Bflm-b-s‚bpw ZuXy\n¿Δ-lW t{]c-I-ß-fm-Wv. Cu t{]c-I-i-‡n-bmWv\h-amb ssZh-im-kv{X-sØ-t∏mepw krjvSn-°p-∂-Xv.P¿K≥ tamƒ v́am≥ F∂ ssZh imkv{X-⁄≥ A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂p, ssZh-i-mkv{Xw ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m¿°vam{Xw D≈-X-√; adn®v km[m-c-W-°m¿°v IqSn-bp-≈-Xm-h-Ww, -Im-cWw ssZh-cm-Py-Øns‚ hc-{]-kmZwkmam\yh¬°-cn-°p-tºm-gmWv Bflmb ZuXyw]q¿ÆX ssIh-cn-°p-∂-Xv. k`-bpsS Imey-ambhf¿®, hnImkw, ]cn-h¿Ø\w F∂nh Imen-IhpwId-Xo¿ØXpw Bbmte Bflmb ZuXyw Nme-I-i-‡n-bmbn ]cn-W-an-°p. Ch-cn-eqsS {InkvXp km£ywkIe temIhpw Adn-bWw Aßs\ DØ-c-hm-ZnØ]q¿Æ-amb ZuXy \n¿Δ-l-W-amWv Bflm-b-t‚-Xv.hnip-≤m-flm-hns‚ {]h¿Ø-\hpw hc-Zm-\hpwAh¿°v apX¬Iq-´m-Wv. Ch-cn-eqsS anin-lm-bpsS]q¿W-ssZ-h-Xzhpw Bf-Øhpw {]Im-in-°m≥{]m¿∞n-°p-∂p. \oen-aw-Kew sk‚ v tacokv bmt°m-_mb kpdn-bm-\n-∏-≈n-bpsS ]p\¿ \n¿Ωm-W-Øn¬Bflmb ZuXy-Øns‚ _ln¿kv^p-cWw ImWp-hm≥ km[n-®-Xn¬ ssZhsØ kvXpXn-°p-∂p. ]≈n-bpsS apt∂m-́ p≈ A`n-hr≤n-bn¬ ssZh-cm-Py-Øns‚sI´p-]-Wn-°m-cmbn DØa km£n-I-fmbn Xocp-hm≥\n߃ Gh¿°pw k¿Δ-i-‡≥ F√m A\p-{K-l-ßfpw Ir]-Ifpw Xcp-hm≥ {]tXyIw {]m¿∞n-°p-∂p. F√m Biw-k-Ifpw t\cp-∂p.

186

187

{InkvXp hnizm-k-Øns‚ t]cn¬ c‡-km-£n-IƒBb-h-scbpw, ]oU-\-߃ kln-®-h-scbpw kXy D]-tZ-jvS-I-∑m-scbpw, hnip≤ PohnXw \bn®v kzm`m-hnI acWwhcn-®-h-sc-bp-amWv ]cn-ip-≤-k` hnip-≤-∑m-cmbpw ip≤n-a-Xn-I-fp-ambn Db¿Øn {]m¿∞-\-I-fn¬ Hm¿°p-∂-Xv. Cß-s\-bp-≈-h¿ icocw hn´mepw tbip-hn¬ Pohn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬kPo-h-cm-Wv.-A-Xp-sIm-≠mWv Pohn-®n-cn-°p∂ hnizm-kn-Ifpw hmßn-t∏mb hnip-≤-∑mcpw hn. Ip¿_m-\-bn¬ Hcpt]mse `mK-̀ m-°p-I-fm-sW∂v hn. k` ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

]cn-ip-≤-∑msc BZ-cn-°p-∂Xpw Ah-cpsS s]cp-∂m-fp-Iƒ- B-tLm-jn°p-∂Xpw Ah-tcmSv a≤y-ÿ-X-A-̀ y¿∞n-°p-∂Xpw an°-hmdpw F√m ]ucm-WnI k`-I-fp-sSbpwhnizm-k-Øn-s‚bpw ]mc-º-cy-Øn-s‚bpw `mK-am-Wv.F∂m¬ Nne \qX\ k -̀Iƒ ]cn-ip-≤-∑m-tcmSp≈ a≤y-ÿX {InkvXp-hns‚ GI a≤y-ÿ-Xsb Ah-K-Wn-°p-∂-XmWv F∂p ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p.-F-∂m¬ Cu k -̀I-fn¬s∏ -́h¿t]mepw X߃°p-th≠n {]m¿∞n-°-W-sa∂v kl hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v. AXp {InkvXp-hns‚ GIa≤y-ÿ-Xsb A\m-Z-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn Ah¿ Icp-Xp-∂Xpan√.Aß-s\-sb-¶n¬ icocw hn´v {InkvXp-hn-t\mSv GsdASpØv Pohn-°p∂ Hcp hnip-≤-t\mSv R߃°p-th≠na≤y-ÿX AW-bv°-W-sa∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv {Inkp-Xp-hns‚a≤y-ÿXtbmSp≈ Ah-K-W\ BIp-I-bn-√-t√m.

\ΩpsS kl-hn-izm-kn-I-tfmSv \ap-°p-th≠n{]m¿∞n-∏m≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-t]mse Xs∂ \Ωn¬\n∂pw hmßn-t∏mbn tbip-{In-kvXp-hn¬ kPo-h-cm-bn-cn-°p∂ hnip-≤-∑m-tcmSv \ap-°p-th≠n {]m¿∞n-∏m≥ ]d-bp-∂Xv bp‡-am-Wv. hnip-≤-∑m-tcm-Sp≈ a≤y-ÿ-X-bn-ep≈hnizmkw tlXp-hmbn Ah-cn-eqsS am{Xta ssZh-Ir]{]m]n-°p-hm≥ km[n-°p-I-bp-≈p-sh∂v k` ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂n-√. adn®v hnip-≤-∑m-tcm-Sp≈ a≤y-ÿ-X, ssZh-tØm-Sp≈Iq´mbva Gsd km≤y-am-°n-Øo¿°p-∂p. F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬ Ah-cpsS {InkvXp kam-\-amb kz`mhw a‰p-≈-hsc]cn-ip-≤-amb {]Im-i-Øn-s‚bpw Pohn-X-Øn-s‚bpw Dd-hn-S-Øn-\-cn-In-te°v B\-bn-°p∂p. Hcp hnip-≤s\ \Ωƒ_lp-am-\n-°p-tºmƒ B hy‡nsb _lp-am-\n-°p∂p F∂-Xn-ep-]cn hnip-≤-\n¬ sXfn-™p-Im-Wp∂ ssZh-kz-cq-]-sØ-bmWv _lp-am-\n-°p-∂-Xv.B _lp-aXn hnip-≤\v ]cn-ip≤n \¬Inb ssZh-Øn¬ sN∂p tNcp-∂-Xn-\m¬bYm¿∞-Øn-ep≈ BZ-chv \mw ssZh-Øn\p ka¿∏n-°p∂

]cn-ip-≤-∑mcpw ip≤n-a-Xn-I-fpw

\ΩpsS B{i-b-tI-{μ-߃

BZ-c-hm-Wv.hnip-≤-∑m-

tcmSp t\cn´ v{]m¿∞n-°p-∂Xnt\m Ahsc Bcm-[n-°p-∂-Xnt\m k`]Tn -∏ n -°p -∂n -√ .\ap°p th≠nbpw\Ω-tfm-Sp-Iq-sS-bpw-{]m¿∞n-°p-∂-Xn\vhnip -≤ -∑m -tcmS v\mw At]-£n-°p-∂p. At∏mƒ hnip-≤-∑m¿ \ΩpsS{]m¿∞-\bv°p adp-]Sn \¬Ip-I-b-√, -a-dn-®v Ah¿ \ap-°p-th≠n ssZh-tØmSpbmN\ \S-Øp-I-bmWp sNøp-∂-Xv.

hmßn-t∏mb hnip-≤-∑m-cpsS a≤y-ÿX icn-bm-sW-∂p-≈-Xn\v ]g-b-\n-b-a-Ønepw ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Ønepw [mcmfwsXfn-hp-Iƒ D≠v. 2 cmPm-°-∑m¿ 13 : 20˛21 ¬ tamhm-_y-cpsS B{I-aWw `b∂v bn{kmtbey¿, Ah¿ AS°wsNøp-hm≥ sIm≠p-t]mb Hcp-hs\ Hcp h¿jw apºv acn®vAS-°-s∏-´-G-en-im-bpsS Aÿn-Isf kv]¿in-®-t∏mƒDbn¿sØ-gp-t∂-‰p. hmßn-t∏mb hnip-≤-∑m-cpsS Xncp--t»-jn-∏p-I-fn¬ ssZhn-I-i‡n hkn-°p∂p F∂-Xn\v CXv HcpsXfn-hmbn ImWm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

F{_mb teJ\w 13: 7 ¬ \nß-tfmSp ssZh-h-N\w{]kw-Kn®p \nßsf \S-Øn-b-hsc Hm¿Øp sImƒhn≥ Ah-cpsS Pohn-Xm-h-km\w Hm¿Øv Ah-cpsS hnizmkw A\p-I-cn-∏n≥ F∂p ImWp-∂p. ChnsS Hm¿°pI F∂p ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂Xv A¿∞-]q¿Æhpw kPo-hhpamb Iq´m-bvasb AYhm {]m¿∞-s\-sb-°p-dn-®m-Wv.

hnip-≤-∑m-cpsS a≤y-ÿ-X-bn¬ A -̀b-s∏ v́ ssZhnI\∑-Iƒ, Bflo-Ihpw ̀ uXn-I-hp-amb Xe-ß-fn¬, A\p`hn-®n-́ p≈ At\Iw hnizm-kn-Iƒ C∂pw Pohn-®n-cn-°p-tºmƒCXns‚ kmt¶-Xn-I-Xz-sØ-°mƒ D]-cn-bmbn a\p-jy-lr-Z-b-ß-fn¬ kPo-h-ambn \ne-sIm-≈p∂ Hcp bmYm¿∞y-amWvhnip-≤-∑m-tcm-Sp≈ a≤y-ÿ-X.

cmP≥ kmw ASp-ap-dn-bn¬tPmbn‚ v P\-d¬ I¨ho-\¿,

tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW IΩ-‰n.

188

189

A\p-{K-ln-°-s∏´ Xe-apd

sI.-F.-cmPpsIm√≥In-g-t°-Xn¬

{SÃn

""Ahsc ImWp-∂-h-scm-s°bpw

Ahsc btlmhm A\p-{K-ln® k¥Xn F∂-dnbpw''

(sbi-ømhv 61:9)

bn{km-tb¬ P\-sØ-°p-dn®v sbiøm {]hm-N-I≥ apJm-¥ncw btlm-

hbmw ssZhw Acpfn sNbvX-XmWv ta¬]-d™ {]h-N\w. bn{km-tb¬ P\-

Øns‚ k¬{]-h¿Øn-Ifpw Ah-cpsS ssZh-̀ -bhpw Ah-cp-sS-ta¬ btlm-hbmw

ssZhw sNmcn-bp∂ Ir]m-h-chpw I≠n-́ mWv Ah-sc-°p-dn®v {]hm-N-I≥ C{]-

Imcw {]h-Nn-®-Xv.

ssZh-Øn\v Hcp Bebw ]Wn-bp-hm≥ e`n-°p∂ A\p-{K-l-Ønepw henb

Hcp A\p-{Klw Hcp Xe-ap-d°v e`n-°p-hm-\n-√. B Akp-e` A\p-{K-l-amWv

Cu ]≈n-bnse Ct∏m-gp≈ Xe-ap-d°v e`n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ hn.

ssZh-am-Xm-hns‚ \ma-Øn¬ 1915 ¬ ÿm]n-X-amb \oen-aw-Kew sk‚ v tacokv

bmt°m-_mb kpdn-bm-\n-∏≈n, ssZh-amb I¿Øm-hns‚ AXn-c‰ Ir]-bmepw

hn.-ssZ-h-am-Xm-hns‚bpw a‰p ]cn-ip-≤-∑m-cp-sSbpw ip≤n-a-Xn-I-fp-sSbpw alm a≤y-

ÿ-X-bmepw, ssZh-Xn-cp-\m-a-Øn\p alXzw tLmjn-∏m≥ X°-hÆw ]p\¿\n¿Ωn-

°p-hm≥ A\p-{Klw e`n® Cu CS-h-I-bnse Ct∏m-gsØ Xe-ap-dsb ImWp-∂-

h¿ Hs°bpw Chsc btlmhm A\p-{K-ln® Xe-apd F∂p {]Io¿Øn°pw F∂p

\n w-ibw ]d-bmw.

2007 sk]v‰w-_¿ 14˛mw XobXn ASn-ÿm-\-ine ÿm]n-®v 2008 P\p-h-cn-

bn¬ \n¿ΩmW {]h¿Ø-\-߃ Bcw-`n® tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmWw c≠p

h¿jw sIm≠p ]q¿Øo-I-cn®v 2010 P\p-hcn amkw 11˛mw XobXn hn. aqtdm≥

A`n-tjIw sNø-s∏´v hn: Bcm-[\ \S-Øp-hm≥ A\p-h-Zn®p -Ir] sNbvX

ssZhsØ al-Xz-s∏-Smw.

Cu CS-h-I-bnse B_m-e-hr≤w P\-߃ tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW

{]{In-b-I-fn¬ AXyp¬km-l-tØmsS Bth-i-]q¿Δw ]s¶-Sp-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.

ÿe-]-cn-anXn aqew ho¿∏p-ap-́ n-bn-cp∂ ]g-b-]-≈n-bpsS ÿm\Øv hnim-ehpw

at\m-l-c-hp-amb ]pXnb ]≈n ]Wn-bpI F∂ e£y-Øn\p th≠n CShI

P\-߃ Xß-fpsS Ign-hp-\-∏p-d-ambn ]cn-{i-an-®p. ]gb ]≈n s]mfn®p \o°p-

∂-Xpƒs∏-sS-bp≈ {ia-I-c-amb- F√m {]h¿Ø\ß-fnepw G¿s∏´ sIm®p-Ip-

´n-Iƒ apX¬ {]mb-am-b-h¿ hsc-bp≈ CS-h-I-P-\-߃°pw hfsc Db-c-Øn¬

""Ahsc ImWp-∂-h-scm-s°bpw Ahscbtlmhm A\p-{K-ln®k¥Xn F∂-dnbpw''

(sbi-ømhv 61:9)

190

191

hsc tPmen sNbvX ]e-hn[ \n¿ΩmW sXmgn-em-

fn--Iƒ°pw Hcp t]md¬ t]mep-ta-ev°m-sX- ssZhw Xºp-

cm≥ ImØp F∂p-≈-Xv hn-kva-b-tØmsS am{Xta Hm¿°p-

hm≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-≈p. hn. ssZh-am-Xm-hns‚bpw ]≈n-bnse

Imh¬ ]nXm-°-∑m-cp-sSbpw a‰p ]cn-ip-≤-∑m-cp-sSbpw a≤y-

ÿ-Xbpw Icp-Xepw tZhm-eb \n¿Ωm-W-Øns‚ A\p-{K-

l-I-c-amb ]q¿Øo-I-c-W-Øn\p XpW-bm-bn.

AXn-i-b-I-chpw A`n-am-\m¿l-hp-amb t\ -́ß-fmWv

Ign™ Hcp \q‰m-≠n-\n-Sbv°v Cu CS-h-Ibv°v kzmb-Ø-

am-°p-hm≥ Ign-™Xv. ssZhm-\p-{K-l-Øns‚ aIp-tSm-Zm-l-

c-W-ß-fmbn ]≈n-bp-sSbpw CS-hIbpsSbpw hnI-k-\-

Øns‚ \mgn-I-°-√p-I-fmbn ]≈n-bpsS A\p-_-‘-ÿm-]-

\-߃ Xe-bp-b¿Øn \nev°p-∂p.

I. tam¿ Iuam-]n-Xm-hns‚ \ma-Øn-ep≈

Ipcn-in≥sXm´naßm´pImem- ]p-c-bn-S-Øn¬

ÿm]n-X-am-bn-cp∂ Ipcn-in≥

sXm´n-bn¬ sIm. h. 1101 ¬

]cn. …o_m am¿ HkvXm-Øn-

tbmkv Xncp-a-\- p-sIm≠v

am¿ Iuam-]n-Xm-hns‚ Xncp-

ti-jn∏p ÿm]n-®p. F.-Un.

1944 ¬ ]≈n-ap-‰-tØbv°p

am‰n ÿm]n® Cu Ipcn-in≥

sXm´nbpsS IqZmi ]pWy-

t«m-I-\mb aoJm-tb¬ am¿

Zoh-∂ym-tkymkv sa{Xm-t∏m-

eoØm \n¿h-ln-®p. tZhm-

eb ]p\¿\n¿Ωm-W-tØm-S-

\p -_-‘n®p ]≈n-ap -‰Øv

at\m-l-c-amb I¬°p-cnipw Ipcn-in≥sXm-́ nbpw ÿm]n®v

am¿ Iuam-]n-Xm-hns‚ Xncp-ti-jn∏v ]pXnb Ipcn-in≥ sXm´n-

bn-te°p am‰n ÿm]n-®p. 2009 Unkw-_¿ 27˛mw XobXn

Rmb-dmgvN Iv\m\mb AXn-̀ -{Zm-k\ dm∂n taJem sa{Xm-

t∏m-eoØ Ipcym-t°mkv am¿ Chm-\n-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n

]pXnb Ipcn-in≥ sXm´n-bpsS IqZmi \n¿Δ-ln-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXp. \m\m-PmXn aX-ÿ-cmb At\Iw hnizm-kn-Iƒ

Znh-tk\ Cu Ipcn-in≥sXm-́ n-bn¬ Xncn IØn-®p-{]m¿∞n®v

A\p-{Klw {]m]n-°p-hm≥ FØp∂p.

II. ]≈n-∏pdw

Ipcn-in≥sXm´n]≈n-bn -S -h -I-

bn¬ s]´ GXm\pwIpSpw-_-߃ tN¿∂v]≈n-∏pdw Ih-e-bn¬4.50 sk‚ v ÿewhmßn sIm.-h. 1114 ¬Hcp Ipcn -in≥sXm´n]Wn-bn-®p ]≈nbv°pZm\-ambn \evIn. ]≈n-bpsS Imh¬]nXm-hmbam¿ Koh-dp-Kokv kl-Zm-bpsS kvac-W-bn¬ hnizm-kn-I-ƒ Cu Ipcn-in≥ sXm´n-bn¬ {]m¿∞-\bpw t\¿®bpw ka¿∏n-°p-∂p.

III. Xmev°m-en-I-Nm-∏-ep-Iƒk -̀bn-ep-≠mb `n∂n-∏p-aqew 1960epw 1975epw ]≈n-

bn¬ Bcm-[-\m-ku-Icyw \jvS-am-b-t∏mƒ ]≈n-bpsS kao-]Øv cma-\m-́ p-X-d-bn¬ Ipcy≥ hI ÿeØpw cma-\m-́ p-X-d-bn¬ G{_-lm-ans‚ ]p{X-∑m-cmb tImcp-fbpw Nmt°mbpwZm\-ambn \evInb ÿeØpw Nm∏-ep-Iƒ ÿm]n®v Bcm-[\ apS°w IqSmsX \SØn h∂p. 1964 ¬ k`m kam-[m-\-ap-≠m-b-t∏mgpw 1980 ¬ tImS-Xn-hn[n A\p-Iq-e-am-b-t∏mgpw]≈n Xpd∂p Bcm-[-\- ]p-\-ÿm-]n-°p-hm≥ km[n-®p.hy‡n hI-ÿ-eØv 1960 ¬ ÿm]n® Nm∏¬ 1964 ¬ ]≈nXpd∂v Bcm-[\ Bcw-̀ n® kml-N-cy-Øn¬ s]mfn®p \o°-s∏-´p. 1975 ¬ ÿm]n-X-amb Nm∏¬ Ct∏mƒ k¨tU-kvIqƒ Hm^o-k-mbn D]-tbm-Kn-®p-h-cp-∂p. ]≈n AS-bv°-s∏ v́ Bcm-[\bv°p apS°w ht∂-°m-hp∂ kml-N-cy-ap-≠m-b-t∏mƒ Nm∏-ep-Iƒ ÿm]n-°p-hm≥ ÿew \evInBcm-[\ apS°w IqSmsX \S-°p-hm≥ klm-bn® am\yhy‡n-Isf CS-hI F°m-ehpw \μn-tbmsS kvacn-°pw.

IV. am¿ Gen-bmkv XrXo-b≥ Nm∏¬,

Km‘n-\-K¿

1981 ¬ Fw.-kn. tdmU-cp-In¬ Km‘n-\-K¿ PwKvj\p

Ing-°p-tN¿∂v 4.50 sk‚ v ÿew hmßp-hm≥ km[n-®Xv

CS-h-I-bpsS Hcp henb t\ -́am-bn-cp-∂p.1981 HmK-Ãn¬ CS-

hI sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ ]pWy-t«m-I-\mb Koh¿Kokv am¿

{KntKm-dn-tbmkv Xncp-a-\ psIm≠v B ÿeØv Ipcnip

ÿm]n-®p. Km‘n-\-K¿ Ipcn-ip-]-≈n-bpsS ]Wn 1985 ¬

Bcw-̀ n-®v 1987 ¬ ]q¿Øo-I-cn-bv°-s∏-́ p.1987 P\p-hcn 13˛mw

192

193

XobXn am¿ {KntKm-

dn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-

eoØ ]pXn-b- Ip-

cnip ]≈n-bpsS

IqZmi \n¿Δln-®p.-

]-cn-ip≤ Gen-bmkv

XrXn -b≥ _mhm-

bpsS Xncp-ti-jn∏v

1988 s^{_p -h -cn -

bn¬ Cu Ipcn-ip-]-

≈n-bn¬ ÿm]n-°-

s∏-´p . At\Iw

hnizm-kn-Iƒ ]cn.

]nXm-hns‚ Xncp-ti-

jn -∏p -ÿm-]n -®n -

´p≈ Cu Nm∏-en¬

h∂p {]m¿∞n®v

A \ p - { K - l - ß ƒ

{]m]n®p hcp-∂p. F√m i\n-bm-gvNbpw Cu Nm∏-en¬ hn.-

Ip¿∫m\ A¿∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. F√m h¿jhpw s^{_p-hcn

amk-Øn¬ ChnsS tam¿ Gen-bmkv _mhm-bpsS s]cp-

∂mfpw BtLm-jn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. 2007 ˛08 ¬ Cu Nm∏-en-s‚

apJm-chpw ]cn-ip≤ _mhm-bpsS Xncp-ti-jn∏p ÿm]n-®n-

cn-°p∂ I_dpw at\m-l-c-ambn \ho-I-cn-°-s∏-́ p. Fw.-kn.

tdmU-cp-In¬ CS-h-I-bpsS {]Xo-I-ambn Xe-bp-b¿Øn

\nev°p∂ Cu Ipcnip ]≈n bmt°m-_mb kpdn-bm\n

k`bv°v BI-am\w A`n-am-\-kvXw-̀ -ambn ]cn-e-kn-°p-∂p.

V. NmØp-°pfw Ipcn-in≥ sXm´nCS-h-ImwKw aT-tØ v́ {io. tImcpf tbml-∂m≥ Zm\-

ambn \evInb ÿeØv ÿnXn sNøp∂ NmØp-Ipfw Ipcn-

in≥ sXm´n 1983 ¬ at\m-

l-c-ambn ]pXp-°n-∏-Wn-

Xp. t{ijvT ImtXm-en°m

tam¿ _t -en -tbmkv

]utemkv Zz nXo -b≥

_mhm-bp -sSbpw A`n -

hμy CS-hI sa{Xm-t∏m-

eoØ Koh¿Kokv tam¿

{KntKm-dn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-

\n-bp-sSbpw Im¿Ωn-I-Xz-

Øn¬ ]pXnb Ipcn-in≥

sXm´n IqZmi sNø-s∏-́ p.

tam¿ Ipdn-bm-t°mkv kl-Zm-bpsS a≤y-ÿ-X-bn¬ A -̀b-

s∏´v B ]pWy kl-Zm-bpsS \ma-Øn¬ Cu Ipcn-

in≥sXm´n ka¿∏n-°-s∏-́ n-cn-°p-∂p.

VI. am¿_-tk-en-tbmkv ]utemkv ZznXo-

b≥ lmƒ

1915 ¬ ÿm]n-X-amb ]f-fn-bpsS πm‰n\w Pq_nen

1990 ˛91 h¿jw hn]p-e-amb ]cn-]m-Sn-I-tfmsS CS-hI

BtLmjn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. πm‰n\w Pq_nen BtLm-j-ß-

fpsS kvamc-I-ambn Hcp ]mcojv lmƒ \n¿Ωn-°p-hm≥ CS-

hI s]mXp-tbmKw Xocp-am-\n-°p-Ibpw AXn≥ {]Imcw 1990

P\p-hcn 14˛mw XobXn tam¿ _t -en-tbmkv ]utemkv

ZznXo-b≥ _mh Xncp-a-\-kp-sIm≠v lmfns‚ inem-ÿm-

]\w \n¿h-ln-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. 1993 s^{_p-hcn 8˛mw

XobXn ]mco-jvlm-fns‚ Xmev°m-enI IqZm-ibpw 1998

am¿®v 29˛mw XobXn ]Wn-]q¿Øo-I-cn® lmfns‚ IqZm-

ibpw s]cp-º-≈n¬ tam¿ {KntKm-dn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ

Xncp-a-\- p-sIm≠v \n¿Δ-ln-®p. Pq_nen kvamc-I-ambn

\n¿Ωn® ]mco-jvlm-fn\v ASn-ÿm\ ine-ÿm-]n® tam¿

_tk-en-tbm v ]utemkv ZznXo-b≥ _mhm-bpsS kvac-

Wm¿∞w ]mcojv lmƒ B ]nXm-hns‚ t]cn¬ \ma-I-

cWw sNø-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

VII. Hm^okv tImwπIvkvCS-h-I-bpsS Nnc-Im-em-`n-em-j-am-bn-cp∂ Hm^okv

tImwπ-Ivkns‚ \n¿ΩmWw 2001 sk]v‰w-_¿ 14˛mw XobXn

194

]gq¿ Ing-t°-Xn¬

195

A`n-hμy a¿t°mkv tam¿ Iqdn-temkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm

inem-ÿm-]\w \SØn Bcw-`n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. tIhew

\mep-amkw sIm≠v ]q¿Øn-bm-°-s∏´ Hm^okv tImwπ-

Ivkv sI´n-S-Øns‚ IqZmi A`n-hμy CS-hI sa{Xm-t∏m-

enØ tXmakv tam¿ Xotam-Øn-tbmkv Xncp-a-\- p-sIm≠v

\n¿Δ-ln-®p. Hm^okv tImwπ-Ivkv ap≥ `{Zm-k\ sa{Xm-

t∏m-eoØmbpw ]cn.- F-∏n-kvt°m∏¬ kp∂-l-tZmkv {]kn-

U‚p-am-bn-cp∂ s]cp-º-≈n¬ Koh¿Kokv tam¿ {KntKm-dn-

tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS kvac-Wm¿∞w At±-l-Øns‚

t]cn¬ \ma-I-cWw sNø-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

VIII. k¨tU-kvIqƒ lmƒk¨tU-kvIqƒ lmfns‚ inem-ÿm-]\w A`n-hμy

a¿t°mkv tam¿ Iqdn-temkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ 2002 sk]v‰w-

_¿ 14˛mw XobXn \n¿h-ln-®p. Npcp-ßnb Imew sIm≠p

\n¿ΩmWw ]q¿Øn-bm-°nb lmfns‚ IqZmi 2003 G{]n¬

27˛mw XobXn A`n. tXmakv tam¿ Xotam-Øn-tbmkv sa{Xm-

t∏m-eoØ \n¿Δln-®p.-kXy hnizmk kwc-£-I-\m-bn-cp∂,

""ae-¶-c-bnse K¿Pn-°p∂ knwlw'', F∂-dn-b-s∏-́ n-cp∂ ap≥

`{Zm-k\ sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ aoJm-tb¬ tam¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv

Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS t]cn¬ Cu lmƒ \ma-I-cWw sNø-s∏-́ p.

IX. s]mXp-°-_¿]≈n skan-tØ-cn-tbmSp tN¿∂v 32 sk√p-I-fp≈ s]mXp-

°-_¿ \n¿ΩmWw 2004 ¬ Bcw-̀ n®v 2005 ¬ ]q¿Øo-I-cn-

°p-hm≥ km[n-®p.

X. ]≈n-∏p-c-bn-S-߃ta¬]-d™ \n¿ΩmW {]h¿Ø-\-ß-tfm-sSm∏w Xs∂

]≈n-bpsS kao-]Øv kzImcy hy‡n-I-fp-tS-Xm-bn-cp∂

Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ ÿe-ßfpw hmßn kz¥-am-°p-hm\pw ]≈n-

∏cn-k-c-Øns‚ kuIcyw h¿≤n-∏n-°p-hm\pw CS-h-Ibv°p

km[n-®p.

]≈n-°p -sX°p Ing°v 10.0 sk‚ v ˛ 1984

]≈nbv°p sX°p-]-Sn-™mdv 11.5 sk‚ v ˛ 2001

]≈nbv°p sX°p-h-iØv 28.0 sk‚ v ˛ 2003

]≈n-bm-̂ o-kn\p Ing-°p-hiw 17.0 sk‚ v ˛ 2005

]≈nbv°p hS-°p-hiw (]m-Sw) 75.0 sk‚ v ˛ 2008

IqSmsX 1981 ¬ Km‘n-\-K¿ Nm∏¬ ÿnXn

sNøp∂ 4.5sk‚ v ÿehpw hmßp-hm≥ km[n-®p. Ch

IqSmsX ]≈n ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn sIm.-h. 1082 ¬ aT-

tØ´v t]mØ≥ tImcpf Zm\-ambn \evInb Hmtc°¿

ÿehpw ]≈nbv°p Ing-°p-h-i-Ømbn sIm. h. 1108 ¬

]md-bn¬ {io. Ipcy≥ sXmΩ≥ Zm\-ambn \evInb Htc-

°¿ ÿehpw (C-t∏mƒ ]mcojv lmƒ ÿnXn sNøp∂

ÿew) Zm\-ambn e`n® ]≈n-∏pdw, NmØp-Ipfw Ipcn-in≥

sXm´n-Iƒ ÿnXn sNøp∂ ÿe-ßfpw 1975 ¬ Nm∏¬

ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn cma-\m-´p-X-d-bn¬ G{_-lm-ans‚

]p{X-∑m-cmb tImcp-fbpw Nmt°mbpw Zm\-ambn \evInb

2 sk‚ v ÿehpw Ct∏mƒ ]≈n-bpsS `qkz-Øp-°-fn¬

s]Sp-∂p.

{]IrXn ca-Wo-bX ap‰n \nev°p∂ sNdp-ss]-ßfw ]mS-

ti-J-c-tØmSp tN¿∂v ]≈n-∏pdw Ip∂p-Ime ]pc-bn-S-Øn¬

ÿnXn sNøp∂ ]≈n-bpsS Zriyw \b\ at\m-lcw Xs∂.

1. CS-hI P\-ß-fp-sSbpw \m\m-PmXn aX-ÿ-cmb

hnizm-kn-I-fp-sSbpw \n¿tem-̀ -amb klmb kl-I-c-W-߃

sIm≠mWv tZhm-ebw C{X at\m-l-c-ambn c≠p-h¿j-

Øn¬ Ipd™ ka-bw-sIm≠v ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°p-hm≥ Ign-

™-Xv. cq]-`w-Knbpw at\m-lm-cn-Xbpw ssZhn-I-tX-P pw

HØn-W-ßnb Cu tZhm-ebw Cu CS-h-Ibv°p am{X-a√

ae-¶c kpdn-bm\n k`bv°v BI-am\w A`n-am-\n-°m-hp∂

{]Imi tKm]p-c-am-Wv.

""\o Fs‚ apºmsI Ign-®n-cn-°p∂ {]m¿∞-\bpw

bmN-\bpw Rm≥ tI´p: \o ]Wn-Xn-cn-°p∂ Cu Be-

bsØ Fs‚ \maw AXn¬ Ft∂bv°pw ÿm]n-∏m≥ X°-

hÆw Rm≥ hnip-≤o-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Fs‚ IÆpw lrZ-

bhpw Ft∏mgpw Ahn-sS-bn-cn-°pw''. F∂v item-tam≥ cmPm-

hn-t\mSv btlm-hbmw ssZhw sbcp-itew tZhm-ebw kw_-

‘n®v Acp-fn-sNbvX hmKvZm\w (1 cmP. 9:3) ssZh-amb

I¿Øm-hn\v A[n-h-kn-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn \mw \n¿Ωn®p

ka¿∏n-®n-cn-°p∂ Cu tZhm-ebw kw_-‘n®pw A\z¿∞-

amIpw F∂v \ap°v hniz-kn-°mw.

""ASn-b≥ Cu ÿeØp sh®p Ign-°p∂ {]m¿∞\

tIƒt°-≠-Xn\v \ns‚ \maw D≠m-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v \o Acpfn

sNbvX ÿeamb Cu Be-b-Øn-tebv°p cmhpw ]Iepw

Xr°¨ ]m¿Ø-cp-tf-W-ta. Cu ÿeØp sh®p {]m¿∞n-

°p∂ \ns‚ P\-Øns‚ {]m¿∞\ tIƒt°-W-sa; -tI-́ p-

£-an-t°-W-sa''.- F∂v bcp-itew tZhm-ebw \n¿Ωn®v ssZh-

Xn-cp-ap-ºmsI ka¿∏n-®p-sIm≠v item-tam≥ cmPmhp \S-

Ønb {]m¿∞\ \ap°pw \ΩpsS ]pXnb tZhm-ebw ssZh-

Xn-cp-ap-ºmsI ka¿∏n®p sIm≠p {]m¿∞n-°mw.

2. tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW thf-bn¬ ]≈n-bpsS

Ffnb Npa-Xe°mc-\m-bn-cn-∏m\pw tZhm-eb \n¿Ωm-W-

Øn¬ ]¶m-fn-bm-Ip-hm\pw e`n® A\p-{K-lsØ Hm¿Øv

ssZh Xncp-\m-a-Øn\v alXzw Itc-‰p-∂p.

196

197

""Cu Be-b-Øns‚]n∂sØ alXzwapºn-te-Ø-Xnepwhep-Xm-bn-cn-°pw. CuÿeØp Rm≥ kam-[m\w \¬Ipw.''

(l-§mbn 2.9)

\ΩpsS tZhm-ebw

ssZhw k¿Δ-hym-]nbpw k¿Δ-i-‡\pw BsW-¶nepw ssZhn-I-i‡n Nne{]tXy-I-ÿ-e-ß-fnepw ÿm\-ß-fnepw tI{μo-I-cn-®n-cp-∂-Xmbn ]g-b-\n-b-a-Ønepw ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Ønepw am{X-a√ BZn-a-Imew apX¬°p-Xs∂ a\- n-em-°p-hm≥ km[n-°pw. tKm{X-]n-Xm-hmb bmt°m_v lmcm-\n¬ h®p I≠ Z¿i-\tØ XpS¿∂v At±lw \S-Ønb {]kvXm-h\ {it≤-b-am-Wv. ""btlmh Cuÿe-Øp≠p kXyw. Rmt\m AX-dn-™n-√. (Ah≥ ̀ b-s∏-́ p) Cu ÿew F{X`b-¶cw CXp ssZh-Øns‚ Be-b-a-√msX as‰m-∂-√''. (Dev]. 28˛16,17) tamsi-bpsS ImeØp P\-߃°p Bcm-[-\bv°pw _en-b¿∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-ambn kam-K-a\ IqSmcw \n¿Ωn-°p-Ibpw AXn¬ ip{iqj sNøp-hm≥ ]ptcm-ln-X-∑msc\nb-an-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xmbn ImWmw. kam-K-a\ IqSmcw F∂ Bcm-[-\m-a-μncw item-tam≥ cmPm-hns‚ ImeØv C∂-tØ-Xp-t]m-se-bp≈ aμn-c-ß-fmbn\n¿Ωn-°-s∏-́ p. ssZh-Øns‚ Bhm-k-ÿm\߃ a\p-jy-\n¿Ωn-Xsa¶nepw Ah-bn-se√mw ssZh-km-∂n≤yw \nd-™p-\n-∂ncp-∂Xmbn ImWmw. bmt°m_v \m´nFÆ Hgn® I√p ssZh-Øns‚ Be-b-ambpw tamsi ]WnX IqSm-c-Øn¬ C{km-tb¬ hgn-]mSv A¿∏n-®Xpw, IqSmcw Db¿Øn-b-t∏mƒ AXn¬ ssZh-tX-P v\nd-™p-\n-∂Xpw (]p-d. 35. 21˛29, 40.17˛38) \ap°p ImWn-®p-X-cp-∂Xv BZn-a-Imew apX¬ Xs∂ tZhm-e-b-ß-fpsS {]k-‡nbpw ssZhw AXn¬ hkn-°p∂pF∂Xpw BIp-∂p.

bn{km-tb-ens‚ ssZh-amb btlm-h-bpsS \ma-Øn¬ Bebw ]Wn-bp-hm≥ ZmhoZv cmPm-hn\p B{Klw D≠m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n-epw ̀ mKyw Ah\p e`n-°msXAhs‚ ]p{X-\mb item-tam≥ cmPm-hn\p e`n-®Xp t]mse ""`qan-bnse kI-e-hw-i-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw `mKy-߃°v tbmKy-X-bp-≈-hfpw, hnip-≤n-bp-≈-hfpw, al-Xz-ap-≈-hfpw, A\p-{K-ln-°-s∏-́ -hfpw, \nXy-I-\y-Ibpw ̀ mKy-h-Xn-bp-amb...... ssZh-am-Xm-hmb hn. adn-bm-ans‚ \ma-Øn¬ Cu at\m-l-c-tZ-iØv tZhm-ebw \n¿Ωn-°p-hm≥ km[n® \ΩpsS ]nXm-°-∑m¿°pw BbXv ]p\¿\n¿Ωn-°p-hm≥ alm-`mKyw e`n® Cu Xe-ap-d°pw ssZhsØ al-Xz-s∏-Sp-Ømw''. IjvS-∏m-Sn-s‚bpwkmº-ØnI ]cn-an-Xn-I-fp-sSbpw ImeØv 1915 ̨ ¬ 16˛tIm¬ \of-Ønepw 6 ̨ tIm¬hoXnbnepw \n¿Ωn® \ΩpsS BZy-tZ-hm-ebw ]n∂oSp I√pw -a-chpw D]-tbm-Kn®v `nØn-sI´n AS-hm-°p-Ibpw hn. aZv_lm \n¿Ωn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. aq∂mwL -́ambn 55 ASn \of-Ønepw 22 ASn hoXn-bnepw tZhm-ebw \n¿Ωn-°p-Ibpw1971˛72 Ime-b-f-hn¬ aq∂p t{XmtWm-kp-I-tfm-Sp-IqSn hfsc at\m-l-c-ambn hn.aZv_lm \n¿Ωn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. F∂m¬ Ct∏mƒ Cu tZhm-ebw ]cn-]q¿Æ-am-bn ]p\¿\n¿Ωn-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv (-hn.-a-Zv_lm IqSmsX 80 ASn \ofhpw 40ASn ho-Xnbp≈ {]Im-chpw \mS-I-im-ebpw Ccp-h-iØpw hcm-¥-Ifpw ]Sn-™m-dp-h-isØ _m¬°-Wnbpw Dƒs∏-sS-bp-≈) Be-b-\n¿Ωm-W-Øn\v 2007 sk]v‰w-_¿ 14 \v ASn-ÿm-\-ine ÿm]n-s®-¶nepw (]q¿Æ-am-b) \n¿ΩmW {]h¿Ø-\-߃ Bcw-̀ n-®Xv 2008 s^{_p-hcnbnemWv. hfsc Npcp-ßnb Ime-L-́ -Øn-\p-≈n¬ Xs∂ Cu tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmWw `wKn-bmbn \n¿h-ln-°p-hm≥ Ign-™Xv ssZh-Øns‚ A\-h-c-X-amb Ir]-bmepw Icp-W-bmepw CS-h-I-P-\-ß-fpsS am{X-a√ \m\m-PmXn aX-ÿ-cmb \m´p-Im-cp-sSbpw A`yp-Z-b-Imw-£n-I-fp-sSbpw \n¿tem-̀ -amb klm-b-k-l-I-c-W-ß-fp-sSbpw hnizm-k-]q¿Æ-amb {]m¿∞-\-bp-sSbpw ]n≥_ew H∂p-sIm≠p am{X-am-Wv. tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿Ωm-W-Øns‚Hmtcm L -́ßfpw hnizm-kn-I-fpsS a\- n¬ Akp-e` \nan-j-ß-fm-Wv.- BIam\

]n. Fw. amXyp]gq¿ ]pØ≥]p-c

I¨ho-\¿,

I¨kv{S-£≥ IΩ‰n

198

199

kpdn-bm\n k`-bpsS ]ca tae-≤y-£-\mb ]cn. ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm-bpsS Xr°-c-ß-fm¬ hn.- a-Zv_-lm-bn¬ÿm]n-°p∂ ASn-ÿm-\-ine Bin¿h-Zn®p e`n-®Xv hfscGsd A\p-{K-l-I-c-ambn Icp-Xp-∂p.

ssZh-B-cm-[\ \S-Øp∂Xnte-bv°mbn \n¿Ωn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂ Bcm-[-\m-e-b-߃ Imem-\p-kr-X-ambpwkuI-cy-{]-Z-ambpw \ho-I-cn-°p-∂Xv kz`m-hn-I-am-Wv.-b-Ym-k-abw Cu I¿Øhyw \n¿h-ln-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-∂Xpw,AXn¬ GsX-¶nepw hn[-Øn¬ `mK-̀ m-°m-Iphm≥ km[n-°p-∂Xpw ssZhm-\p-{Klw H∂p-sIm-≠p-am-{X-am-Wv.-\-ap°ve`n® Xme-¥p-Iƒ bYm-tbmKyw hn\n-tbmKn-°p-∂XpwssZh-\n-tbm-K-Øn\v hn\-b-s∏´p `b-̀ ‡n _lp-am-\m-Z-c-hp-I-tfmsS Ah \S-∏n-em-°p-hm≥ {ian-°p-∂Xpw AXpsNøp-∂-h¿°p am{X-a√ ]n≥X-e-ap-d-Iƒ°pw A\p-{K-l-Øn\p Imc-W-̀ q-X-am-Ip-∂p. ""GXp ̀ h-\hpw Na-∏m≥ HcmƒthWw. k¿Δhpw Na-®-ht\m ssZhw Xs∂'' F∂t√mthZ-hm-Iyw (-F-{_m-b¿ 3.4). bYm¿∞-hn-izm-knsbkw_‘n-®-S-tØmfw Xs‚ tZhm-e-bsØ kw_-‘n-®p≈ho£Ww AXy-[nIw Xo£v-W-am-bn-cn-°pw. k¶o¿Ø-\-°m-c≥ ZmhoZpcmPmhp ]d-bp-∂p, "" \ns‚ Be-b-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Fcnhp Fs∂ Xn∂p If-bp∂p'' F∂v. btlm-h-bn¬ PohnXw ka¿∏n-°p∂ ZmhoZp cmPmhv 1˛mw k¶o¿Ø-\-Øn¬ btlm-hm-bpsS Be-b-Øn¬ Zo¿L-Imewhkn°pw F∂v B{K-ln-°p∂p. tZhm-e-b-ß-tfm-Sp-≈ -I-SpØ Xo£vW-Xbv°v as‰mcp DZm-l-c-W-amWv iqim≥ cmP-[m-\n-bnse ]m\-]m-{X-hm-l-I-\mb s\l-aym-hv˛ blq-Zy-bn¬ \n∂pw h∂ ktlm-Z-c-∑m-cn¬ \n∂pw sbcp-i-te-ans‚aXn¬ CSn-™Xpw AXns‚ hmXn-ep-Iƒ Xosh®p Np´p-I-f-™Xpw Adn-™-t∏mƒ ]d™ hmIyw At±lw ]d-bp-∂p.... ""hcp-hn≥ \mw C\nbpw \nμm-]m-{X-am-bn-cn-°msXhÆw sbcp-i-te-ans‚ aXn¬ ]Wn-bpI'' (s\-l-aymhv 2.17). D]-h-kn®pw {]m¿∞n®pw kz¿§-Ønse ssZh-Øn¬\n∂pw A\p-hmZw e`n®p aXn¬ ]Wn-bp-hm≥ XpS-ßnbs\l-aym-hns\ FXn-cm-fn-I-fmb k≥_-√Øpw tXmºn-bmhpw ]cn-l-kn-°p-∂-Xmbn ImWmw. ""Ah¿ bmKw Ign-°ptam? Hcp Znhkw sIm≠p ]Wn-Xo¿Øp-I-f-bptam?sh¥p-In-S-°p∂ N≠n Iqºm-c-ß-fn¬ \n∂p Ah¿ I√pPohn-∏n-°p-tam. Ah¿ Fßs\ ]Wn-Xmepw Hcp Ipdp-°≥Ib-dn-bm¬ Ah-cpsS I∑-Xn¬ Dcp≠p hogpw''.- F-∂m¬b-Ym¿∞ ssZh-̀ -‡-\mb s\l-aymhv AXp Ah-K-Wn-®p-sIm≠v btlm-hm-tbmSp {]m¿∞n®p ]d-™Xv ""Rß-fpsSssZhta tIƒ°-Wta, Ah-cpsS \nμsb Ah-cpsS kz¥-X-e-bn-te°v Xncn-°-W-ta'' (s\-l. 5.4). ssZh-Øns‚ aXn¬]WnXp Xo¿∂-t∏mƒ Np‰p-ap≈ PmXn-I-fpsS ap∂n¬ s\l-aym-hns‚ i{Xp-°ƒ Aev]-∑m-cm-bn. Cu {]h¿Øn Rß-fpsS ssZh-Øns‚ klm-b-Øm¬ km≤y-ambn F∂v Ah¿{Kln-®p (s\-l.6.16). {InkvXp-tb-ip-hns‚ c£m-I-c-amb a\p-jym-h-Xm-cw k¿Δ-P-\-Øn-\p-ap≈ alm-k-t¥m-jsØ{]Zm\w sNbvXXpt]mse ]p\¿ \n¿Ωn®p ka¿∏n-°-s∏´\ΩpsS tZhm-ebw k¿Δ-P-\-Øn-\p-ap≈ {]m¿∞-\m-e-b-

ambn Xocp-am-dm-I-s´. _m_n-tem-Wnse {]hm-k-Im-eØpZm\n-tb¬ {]hm-N-I≥ Xs‚ amfnI apdn-bpsS hmXn-ep-Iƒsbcp-itew tZhm-e-b-Øns‚ t\sc Xpd-∂n´p {]m¿∞n-®pA\p-{K-l-߃ t\Sn-bXp t]mse temI-Øns‚ GXp-tIm-Wnepw ]m¿°p∂ ssZh-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ Xß-fpsS lrZ-b-hm-Xn-ep-I-ƒ ]cn. I\y-I-a-dn-bm-ans‚ \ma-Øn-ep≈ CuBe-bsØ Hm¿Øp Xpd∂p {]m¿∞n-®p -A-\p-{K-lo-X-cm-I-s´. ]pXnb tZhm-ebw Bcm-[-\bv°pw {]m¿∞-\-bv°p-ambn ka¿∏n-°p∂ Cu kabw hnizm-kn-Iƒ Bflm-hn¬]pXp°w {]m]n-t°≠ kabw IqSn-bm-Wv. ChnsS k∂n-ln-X-cm-Ip-tºmƒ ]m]n-bmb Np¶-°m-cs‚ at\m-`mhw\Ωn¬ \ng-en-°-Ww (-hn.-eq-t°mkv 18.13). F∂m¬ am{XtaA[nIw \oXo-I-cn-°-s∏-́ -Xmb A\p-̀ hw \ap°v e`n-°p-I-bp-≈p. At∏m-kvtXm-e-\mb hn. ]utemkv (1sImcn 2.1617) \sΩ C{]-Imcw Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂p. ""\n߃ ssZh-Øns‚ aμncw F∂pw ssZh-Øns‚ Bflmhp \nß-fn¬hkn-°p-∂p F∂pw Adn-bp-∂n-√tbm ? ssZh-Øns‚ aμncw\in-∏n-°p-∂-hs\ ssZhw \in-∏n-°pw. ssZh-Øns‚ aμncwhnip-≤-a-t√m \nßfpw Aßs\ Xs∂''. ho≠pw (1sImcn6.19 ¬) C{]-Imcw ImWp∂p ""ssZh-Øns‚ Zm\-ambn \nß-fn¬ Ccn-°p∂ ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ aμn-c-am-Ip∂p \nß-fpsS ico-cw''.

sbcp-itew ssZhm-ebw ]q¿Øo-I-cn® tijw⁄m\n-bmb item-tam≥ {]m¿∞n-®-Xp-t]mse ""ASn-b-߃ Cu ÿe-Øp-sh®p Ign-°p∂ {]m¿∞\ tIƒt°-≠-Xn\p \ns‚ \maw D≠m-bn-cn-°p-sa∂p \o AcpfnsNbvX ÿe-amb Cu Be-b-Øn-te°p cmhpw ]IepwXr°¨ ]m¿Øcptf-W-ta, Cu ÿeØp h®p {]m¿∞n-∏m-\n-cn-°p∂ P\-ß-fpsS bmN\ tIƒt°-W-ta, \ns‚hmk-ÿ-e-amb kz¿§-Øn¬ tIƒt°-W-ta, tI´p £an-°-W-ta, A\p-{K-ln-t°-W-ta. F∂ hn\oX At]£am{Xta Cu kt¥mj ku`mKy Ah-k-c-Øn¬ \mapw\nh¿Øn-∏m≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂p-≈p''.

""ssk\y-ß-fpsS btlmth Xncp-\n-hmkw F{Xat\m-l-cw'' (k¶o 84˛1) F∂p ]pXnb tZhm-ebw ImWp-∂-h¿ ]d-bp-tºmƒ BbXv CXn¬ {]h¿Øn-®-h¿°vF{Xtbm A[nIw Bfl-k-t¥mjw {]Zm\w sNøp-∂p.-Zm-ho-Zn-t\mSv tN¿∂v \ap°pw ssZhsØ al-Xz-s∏-Sp-Ømw.""\ns‚ Be-b-Øn¬ hkn-°p-∂-h¿ `mKy-hm-∑m¿; Ah¿\ns∂ \nXyw kvXpXn®p sIm≠n-cn-°pw''. \ns‚ {]Im-c-ß-fn¬ Ign-°p∂ Hcp Znhkw thsd Bbncw Znh-k-tØ-°mƒ DØ-a-a-t√m, ZpjvS-∑m-cpsS IqSm-c-ß-fn¬ ]m¿°p-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ Fs‚ ssZh-Øns‚ Be-b-Øn≥ hmXn¬Imh-¬°m-c-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv F\n°v Gsd CjvSw (k¶o84˛4.10). ""hnip-≤-a-μn-c-Øn-¶-te°p ssI Db¿Øn btlm-hmsb hmgvØp-hn≥. BIm-ihpw ̀ qanbpw D≠m-°nb btlm-hm kntbm\n¬ \n∂p \ns∂ A\p-{K-ln-°p-am-dm-I-s´''.

I¿Øm-hmb tbip-{In-kvXp-hns‚ Ir]bpw ssZh-Øns‚ kvt\lhpw ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ Iq´m-bvabpw \msa-√m-h-tcmSpw IqsS Ccn-°p-am-dm-I-s´.

200

201

sh≈n-\-£{Xw

Fw.]n. Ipcym-t°mkvaßm-´p-Im-em-bn¬

]_vfn-kn‰n & ]ªnIv

dnte-j≥kv I¨ho-\¿

]p\¿\n¿Ωn-°-s∏´

tZhm -e -b -Øns‚

IqZm-i-I¿Ωw

\S-°p∂ Cu

kμ¿`-Øn¬ ]f-fn -hn -Im-

cnbpw CS-hI ]´-°m-c-\p-am-

bn-cp∂ A¥-cn® aT-tØ´v

Znhy{io Ipcym-t°mkv I»o-

imsb kvacn-°p-∂Xv F¥p

sIm≠pw DNn-X-am-bn-cn-°pw.

kpdn -bm\n {InkvXym

\nIƒ Iq´-ambn ]m¿Øn-cp∂

\oen-aw-Kew tZiØv, ]pcm-X-\-

amb ac-ßm-́ n¬ IpSpw-_-Øn¬ a-

T-tØ v́ ho´n¬ tImcpf tbml-∂m-

s‚bpw adn-bm-Ω-bp-sSbpw aI-

\mbn 1924 sabvamkw 24˛mw

XobXn ]m∏-®≥ F∂ hnfn-t∏-

cn¬ Adn-b-s∏-´n -cp∂ Ipcym-

t°mkv P\n -®p. -\o -en -aw -Kew

sk‚ v tacokv bmt°m-_mb

kpdn-bm-\n-∏≈n CS-h-Imw-K-ß-

fmbncp∂ amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ ]≈n-

°m-cy-Øn\v apJy-ÿm\w \¬In-

t∏m-∂-h-cm-bn-cp -∂p. -\-´m-t»cn

tk{I v́ lm¿ v́ kvIqfn¬ \n∂pw

sslkvIqƒ hnZym-̀ ymkw ]q¿Øn-

bm-°nb Ipcym-t°mkv sNdp-∏-

Øn¬ Xs∂ Bflob Imcy-ß-

fn¬ Gsd Xev]-c-

\m-bn-cp-∂p.

CS -h -Ibv°v Hcp

kl-hn-Im-cn-bpsS

tkh\w Bh-

iy -ambn h∂-

t∏mƒ s]mXp-tbmK Xocp-am-\-{]-

Imcw, CS-hI sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm

Bbn-cp∂ ]pWy-t«m-I-\mb aoJm-

tb¬ tam¿ Zoh-∂ym-kn-tbmkv

Xncp-a\- p-sIm≠v 1948 \hw-_¿

amkw Ipcy-t°m-kn\v siΩm-»-

]´w \¬In. hnizm-ksØ apdpsI

]nSn-°p-Ibpw AXn-\p-th≠n \ne-

sIm-≈p-Ibpw sNbvX siΩm-i≥

\oen-aw-Kew sk‚ v tacokv ]≈n-

bn¬ kt≠-kvIqƒ A≤ym-]-I-

\mbpw slUvam-Ã-dmbpw tkh\w

A\p-jvTn-®p.

k -̀bnse t{ijvT aev]m-∑m-

cpsS Iogn¬ a™-\n-°c C·m-Øn-

tbmkv Zb-dm-bn¬ \n∂v siΩm-i≥

ssh-ZnI hnZym-̀ ymkw ]q¿Øn-bm-

°n. ap≠-°bw t{Kkn satΩm-dn-

b¬ CS-h-I-bn¬ IÆ-¥m\w

ho´n¬ tXma-kns‚ aIƒ A∂-

Ωsb (Ip -™-Ω) At±lw

hnhmlw sNbvXp. 1952 ˛ ¬

Beph Xr°p-∂Øv skan-\m-cn-

IqSp-X¬ Imew Pohn®pF∂-Xn-e√ Ipd-™-Imew sIm≠v a‰p-≈-h-cm¬ kvacn-°-s∏-Sp-hm≥X°-hÆw k`bv°pw CS-h-I-bv°pw-th≠n Pohn®pF∂-XmWv A®s‚Pohn-X-hn-P-bw.

202

aT-tØ

´v I

pcym-t

°mk

v Ii

o-»m-b

psS

I_

-d-S°

w

203

bn¬ h®v A`n-hμy Koh¿Kokv tam¿ {KotKm-dn-tbmkv

Xncp-ta-\nbn¬ \n∂pw I»oim ]´w kzoI-cn®v

]pØ≥ Ip¿∫m\ A¿∏n-°p-I-bpw XpS¿∂v \oen-aw-

Kew sk‚ vta-cokv bmt°m-_mb kpdn-bm-\n-∏≈n

hnIm-cn-bmbn \nb-an-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

1952˛ ¬ hfsc sNdnb Hcp tZhm-e-b-ambn-

cp∂p CS-h-Ibv°v D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. tZhm-ebw hen-

∏-s∏-SpØn at\m-l-c-ambn \n¿Ωn-°pI F∂ {ia-I-

c-amb {]h¿Ø-\-Øn\v Bcw`w Ipdn-®Xv aT-tØ v́

Ipcym-t°mkv A®s‚ Ime-Øm-bn-cp-∂p.1956 ˛¬

]q¿Øn-bm-°nb Cu tZhm-e-b-Øn-emWv 2008 hsc

Bcm-[\ \S-Øn-t∏m-∂n-cp-∂-Xv. efn-X-Po-hnXw, a[p-

c-amb kw`m-jWw, hn\bw \nd™ s]cp-am‰w,

ktlm-Z-c -`m -th\ a‰p -≈-hsc ImWp-hm-\p≈

Dƒ°mgvN CsX√mw ssIap-X-em-bp≈ I¿Ω\n-c-X-

\mb _lp. A®≥ CS-hI hnImcn F∂ \ne-bn¬

\oen-aw-K-ew-]-≈n°v \¬In-b-Xv hne-s∏´ kw`m-h-

\-I-fm-Wv. ]≈n-bpsS \nXy sNehpIƒ°v ]Ww

Is≠-Øm≥ _p≤n-ap-́ n-bn-cp∂ B Ime-L-́ -Øn¬

]≈n hcp-am\w h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n ]nSn--bcn,

sI v́ sXßv F∂n-h- \S-∏n-em-°p-Ibpw BbXv CS-

h-I-bpsS hf¿®bv°v aqe-Im-c-W-am-bn-Øo-cp-I-bpw

sNbvXp. bphm-hm-bn-cp∂ A®≥ bph-P-\-ßsf

kwL-Sn-∏n®v bph-P-\-kw-L-S-\bv°v cq]w \¬In.

Bcm-[\ IqSp-X¬ BI¿j-I-am-°p-∂-Xn\p th≠n

bphm-°ƒ°v th≠ A`y-k\w \¬In IqSpX¬

t]sc ip{iq-j-I-cm-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

{ipXn a[p-c-ambn Km\-߃ Be-]n-°p-hm≥

Ign-hp-≠m-bn-cp∂ A®s‚ Cº-I-c-amb hn. Ip¿∫m\

A¿∏Ww CS-h-I-P-\-ßfpsS D≈n¬ `‡n-bpsS

kv]penw-K-߃ D±o-]n-∏n-°p-Ibpw Ah¿ F√mw ad∂v

Bcm-[-\-bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. PmXn-

aX kap-Zmb t`Z-sat\y \qdp-I-W-°n\v Bfp-I-fpsS

IpSpw_ kplr-Øm-bn-cp∂p A®≥. Ah-cpsS kpJ-

Ønepw Zp:JØnepw Bflm¿∞-ambn ]¶p-tN-cp-hm≥

Ah-kcw Is≠-Øn-bn-cp∂ A®s‚ {]m¿∞-\-Ifpw

D]-tZ-i-ßfpw hne-s∏-´-Xmbn Ah¿ Icp-Xp-I-bpw

BZ-c-thmsS A®s\ t\m°n-°m-Wp-Ibpw sNbvXn-

cp-∂p. Xs∂ Gev]n-°p∂ Npa-X-e-Iƒ Du¿÷-kz-

e-X-tbmSpw hniz-kvX-X-tbmSpw IqSn \n¿Δ-ln-®n-cp∂

A®≥ \m´nse s]mXp-Im-cy-ß-fnepw kmwkvIm-cnI

cwK-ß-fnepw Xs‚ km∂n≤yw Adn-bn-®n-cp-∂p.

CS-h-I-bpsS \mb-I\pw am¿-§-Z¿inbpw Bbn-

cp∂ B Zo]w 1955 HIvtSm-_¿ H∂mw XobXn

s]men-™p.-A-t±-l-Øns‚ `uXnI icocw \oen-aw-

Kew sk‚ v tacokv ]≈n skan-tØ-cn -bn¬

{]tXyIw Xøm-dm-°-s∏´ I√-d-bn¬ A¥y hn{iaw

sIm≈p-∂p.

AIm-e-Øn¬ ac-W-a-S™ A®s‚ kvacW

\ne-\n¿Øp-∂-Xn-\mbn At±-l-Øns‚ ]nXmhv

NmØp-Ipfw Ih-e-bn¬ hnebv°v hmßn Zm\-ambn

\¬Inb ÿeØv \oen-aw-Kew sk‚ v tacokv ]≈n-

tam¿ Ipdn-bm-t°mkv kl-Zm-bpsS \ma-Øn¬ Ipcn-

in≥ sXm´n ]Wn-I-gn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. \oen-aw-Kew

sk‚ v tacokv ]≈n F√m h¿jhpw HIvtSm-_¿

amkw H∂mw XobXn hn. aq∂n-t∑¬ Ip¿∫m\tbmSp-

IqSn _lp. A®s‚ Hm¿Ω BN-cn-®p-h-cp-∂p. bqØv

Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ AwK-߃ tIm´bw ̀ {Zm-k\ ASn-

ÿm-\-Øn¬ Hcp ss__nƒ Iznkv t{]m{Kmw F√m

h¿jhpw At±-lØns‚ Hm¿Ω-Zn-\-tØm-S-\p-_-

‘n®v \S-Øn-h-cp-∂p. km[p P\-kw-c-£-Wm¿∞w

Hcp e£w cq]-bpsS Hcp F≥tUm-hvsa‚pw At±-

l-Øns‚ t]cn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-́ n-cn-°p∂p

IqSp-X¬ Imew Pohn®p F∂-Xn-e√ Ipd-™-

Imew sIm≠v a‰p-≈-h-cm¬ kvacn-°-s∏-Sp-hm≥ X°-

hÆw k`bv°pw CS-h-I-bv°pw-th≠n Pohn®p F∂-

XmWv A®s‚ Pohn-X-hn-P-bw. Hcp sh≈n \£-{X-

ambn At±lw F°m-ehpw \ΩpsS lrZ-b-ß-fn¬

ambmsX ]cn-e-kn-°-s´.

204

205

tbip-{InkvXp Acpfn sNbvXp ˛ ""inip-°sf Fs‚ ASp-°¬ hcp-hm≥

hnSp-hn≥. Ahsc XS-b-cp-Xv, kz¿§-cmPyw Cß-s\-bp≈hcp-tS-Xt√m (a¿. 10:14).

Cu ssZh-I-ev]\ ]men-®p-sIm≠v ]cn-ip-≤-\mb ]utemkv am¿ AØm-\m-tkymkv

henb Xncp-ta\n 1920 [\p-amkw 12-̨ mw XobXn ]ndhw skan-\m-cn-bn¬ hnfn®p

Iq´nb tbmK-Øn-emWv Fw.-F-kv.-F-kv.-F. F∂ t]cn¬ ae-¶-c-bn¬ k¨tU-

kvIqƒ {]ÿm\w cq]w sIm≠Xv. AXn\v apºv Cu {]ÿm\w atXm-]-tZi

¢m p-Iƒ F∂ t]cn-emWv Adn-b-s∏-´n-cp-∂-Xv. Bcw-`-Im-eØv 20 k¨tU-

kvIqfpIfpw 92 A≤ym-]-Icpw 1300 hnZym¿∞n-IfpamWp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬

C∂v 600 k¨tU-kvIq-fp-Ifpw 8000 A≤ym-]-Icpw 60,000 Ip´n-I-fp-ap≈ Cu

{]ÿm\w ae-¶c bmt°m-_mb kpdn-bm\n k -̀bpsS A`n-am-\-ambn \ne-sIm-

≈p-∂p.

]cn-ip-≤-\mb henb Xncp-ta\n Cu al-Ømb {]ÿm-\-Øns‚ ÿncm-

≤y-£-ÿm\w Gs‰-Sp-°p-I-bpw, Imew sNøp-∂Xp-hsc (1953 P\p. 25-˛mw

Xob-Xn) kvXpXy¿l-amb coXn-bn¬ Cu {]ÿm-\sØ \bn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

ae-¶c bmt°m-_mb kpdn-bm-\n-k-̀ sb kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw 2010 hfsc {]m[m-

\y-a¿ln-°p∂ h¿j-am-Wv. ]cn-ip≤ AØm-\m-tkymkv henb Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS

sa{Xm-̀ n-tjI iXm_vZn ]cn-ip-≤-k` hnhn[ ]cn-]m-Sn-I-tfmsS BtLm-jn-®-Xn-

t\m-sSm∏w ae-¶c bmt°m-_mb kndn-b≥ k¨tU-kvIqƒ At m-kn-tb-js‚

(Fw. sP. Fkv. Fkv. F) 90-̨ mw hm¿jn-Ihpw BtLmjn°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. Bflob

ssNX\yw Pohn-X-hn-ip-≤n, hy‡n-{]-̀ mhw F∂nh ]cn-ip≤ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS A\p-

{K-loX khn-ti-j-X-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p. kz¥w Pohn-X-Øn-eqsS {]m¿∞-\-bpsS alXzw

]cn-ip≤ ]nXmhv Xs‚ Bflob a°ƒ°v ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-Øp. ""ssZh-Øns‚

hn. dqlm-bm¬ A`n-tjIw sNbvX Xncp-Ip-am-c-t\m-sSm∏w kvt\ln-°p-hm-\mbn

\ap°v {]Zm\w sNbvXv \sΩ `c-ta-ev]n-®n-cn-°p∂ Hmtcm Ip™n-t\bpw hne-a-

Xn-°m-\m-hmØ cXv\w t]mse Znhy-kvt\-l-Øm¬ {]Im-in-∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-∏m\pw

Fs‚ kz¥-amb Cu sNdn-b-h-cn¬ Hcp-Ø≥t]mepw hncp-≤-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-∏m\pw Icp-

Xn-s°mƒhn≥'' F∂v A`n-hμy Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Iev]\ Cu {]ÿm-\-tØmSp≈

At±-l-Øns‚ kvt\lhpw Icp-Xepw shfn-hm-°p-∂p. ]cn-ip-≤- Xn-cp-ta\n sXfn-

bn® Zo]-{]-̀ -bmWv Ct∏mgpw Fw. sP. Fkv. Fkv. F.-bpsS hgn-Im-́ n.

""_me≥ \S-t°-≠p∂ hgn-bn¬ Ahs\ A`y-kn-∏n-°pI; Ah≥ hr≤-

\m-bmepw AXv hn´p-amdp-I-bn√'' (k-Zr. 22:6) F∂ hN\w A\p-k-cn®pw ""btlmhm

`‡n- ⁄m-\-Øns‚ Bcw-̀ -am-Ip∂p'' (k-Zr. 1:7) F∂ a¿Ωw {Kln®pw ""aIt\

hn. k`bpw k¨tU-kvIqƒ

{]ÿm-\hpw

]n. sI. Ipcym-t°m-kv

aßm-´p-Im-em-bn¬

C∂v 600 k¨tU-kvIq-fp-Ifpw 8000 A≤ym-]-Icpw 60,000 Ip´n-I-fp-ap≈Cu {]ÿm\w ae-¶cbmt°m-_mb kpdn-bm\nk -̀bpsS A`n-am-\-ambn\ne-sIm-≈p-∂p.

206

207

A∏s‚ {]t_m-[\w tIƒ°p-I, AΩ-bpsS D]-

tZiw Dt]-£n-°-bp-a-cpXv'' (k-Zr. 1:8) F∂n-ß-s\-bp≈ kZp-

]-tZ-i-߃ \¬Inbpw hf-cp∂ Xe-ap-dsb hoSn\pw ssZh-

Øn\pw kaq-l-Øn\pw AXp-hgn tZi-Øn\pw sIm≈m-

hp∂hcm°nXo¿°p-hm≥ D]-I-cn-°p∂ ]cn-ip-≤-k-̀ -bpsS

G‰hpw henb B≤ym-flnI {]ÿm-\-amWv ae-¶c bmt°m-

_mb kndn-b≥ kt≠-kvIqƒ Atkm-kn-tb-j≥. hnip≤

thZ-]p-kvXI ]cn-⁄m-\-Øn-eq-sSbpw {]m¿∞-\-I-fn-eq-

sSbpw hnip≤ Ip¿∫m-\, Bcm-[\m kw_-‘-Øn-eq-sSbpw

\ΩpsS Ip™p-ßsf kXy-{In-kvXym-\n-I-fm°n hf¿Øn-

s°m-≠p-h-cp-I-sb∂ al-Ømb e£y-amWv Cu {]ÿm-\-

Øn-eqsS \mw ssIh-cn-°p-∂-Xv. amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ F{X D∂X

hnZym-̀ ymkw t\Sn-s°m-Sp-Ømepw F{X-b-[nIw [\w kºm-

Zn®p \¬In-bmepw a°ƒ kz`mh ip≤n-bn-√m-Ø-hcpw ssZh-

`ban√m-Ø-h-cpambn hf¿∂m¬ t\cn-tS-≠n-h-cp∂ `hn-

jyØv AXy¥w ZpxJ-I-c-am-bn-cn-°pw. ⁄m\hpw hnth-I-

hp-ap≈ Ip™p-ß-sf-bmWv k`bv°pw kaq-l-Øn\pw C∂v

Bh-iy-am-bn-́ p-≈-Xv. bn{km-tb¬ cmPm-hm-bn-cp∂ item-

tam\v cm{Xn-bn¬ {]Xy-£-s∏´v ssZhw tNmZn-®p. Rm≥

\n\°v F¥v Xc-Ww, tNmZn®p sImƒI. itemtam≥ ]d-

™p, ""Cu P\-Øn\v \mb-I-\m-bn-cn-t°-≠-Xn\v F\n°v

⁄m\hpw hnth-Ihpw Xc-Wta''. AXn\v ssZhw item-

tam-t\mSv CXv \ns‚ Xmev]-cy-am-bn-cn-°-bmepw [\w, kº-

Øv, am\w, i{Xp-\n-{Klw F∂n-htbm Zo¿Lm-bpt m tNmZn-

°msX ⁄m\-hpw, hnth-Ihpw tNmZn-®-Xn\v AXv \n\°v

\¬Ip∂p F∂p-]-d-™p. F∂m¬ AXp am{X-a-√, ssZhw

\¬In-b-Xv, a‰v cmPm-°-∑m-tc-°mƒ [\hpw kºØpw

am\hpw Ah\v \¬In (2 Zn\. 1:7˛12). Cu item-tam-\m-Wv

tem-I-Øn¬ Ct∂m-f-ap-≠m-b-Xn¬h®v G‰hpw henb

⁄m\n-bmb a\p-jy≥ F∂v Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. ITn-\m-≤zm-

\-Øn-eq-sSbpw \nc-¥c ]cn-{i-a-Øn-eq-sS-bp-amWv Ip™p-

߃ bYm¿∞ ⁄m\w kºm-Zn-t°-≠-Xv. ^d-thms‚

sIm´m-c-Øn¬ hf¿∂ tami CuPn-]vXp-Im-cpsS F√m

hn⁄m-\hpw t\Sn. AXn-\m¬ Ah≥ hm°nepw IcpØv

t\Sn-sb∂v \mw hN-\-Øn¬ hmbn-°p-∂p. (A-s∏m. {]. 7:22)

ssZhnI ⁄m\hpw Adnhpw \ap°v Bh-iy-am-Wv. F∂m¬

Adnhv \∑-bn-te°v \bn-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°Ww.

henb Hcp Iº-\n-bnse Hsc-©n-\o-b-dpsS IY tI´n-

´p-≠v. "tSmWn' F∂mWv At±-l-Øns‚ t]cv. Iº\n hI

sI´n-S-߃ Unssk≥ sNbvXv ]Wn-bn-®n-cp-∂Xv At±-l-am-

bn-cp-∂p. hniz-kvX-X-tbmsS tPmen \n¿Δ-ln-®n-cp∂ hy‡n-

bm-bn-cp∂p At±-lw. Hcn-°¬ Iº-\n-bpsS Ub-d-IvS¿ At±-

lsØ hnfn®v ]pXn-sbmcp BUw-_c _w•mhv ]Wn-bm≥

Gev]n-®p. Iº-\n-bn¬\n∂v dn -́b¿ sNøm-\p≈ kabw ASp-

Øn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ B sI´nSw ]Wnbn¬\n∂v Ipd®v ]Ww

sh´n-°m≥ tSmWn Xocp-am-\n-®p. hne Ipd™ km[-\-߃

D]-tbm-Kn®v Dd-∏n-√mØ hoSmWv B {]mhiyw ]Wn-X-Xv.

\s√mcp XpI Abmƒ t]m°-‰n-em-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]Wn

Xo¿∂ BgvN-bn-emWv tSmWn dn -́b¿ sNbvX-Xv. Zo¿L-Imew

Iº-\nsb tkhn® B F©n-\o-b¿°v Iº\n kΩm\w

\¬In. Abmƒ Ah-km\w \n¿Ωn® hoSv Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p

B kΩm-\w. hnebpw ta∑bpw Ipd™ hkvXp-°ƒ

sIm≠v \n¿Ωn® B ho´n¬ C\n Abmƒ Xs∂ Xma-kn-°-

Ww. X\n-°p-th≠nØ-s∂-bmWv Cu hoSv F∂-dn-™n-cp-

s∂-¶n¬ F{X {i≤tbmsS Abmƒ AXn-\p-th-≠n

A≤zm\n°pam-bn-cp-∂p.

Chn-sS-bmWv Ihn hmIyw A\z¿∞-am-Ip-∂Xv ˛

""\ap°p \mta ]WnhXp \mIw, \c-I-hp-a-Xp-t]mse'. {]nb

Ip´n-Isf, ]T-\-Im-eØv \ΩpsS PohnXw \mw Xs∂-bmWv

]Wn-bp-I-sb∂v Hm¿°-Ww. \∂mbn ]Tn-°p-∂-Xv, A≤ym-

]-I-tcbpw amXm-]n-Xm-°-tfbpw A\p-k-cn-°p-∂-Xv, NoØ

Iq´p-sI-́ p-I-fn¬\n∂v AI∂p \n¬°p-∂Xv \ap-°p-th-≠n-

Ø-s∂-bm-Wv. Ct∏mƒ kabw X°-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®m¬

`mhn-bn¬ {]Xn-^ew e`n-°pw. Ct∏mƒ {]m¿∞n®pw

ss__nƒ hmbn®pw ssZh-tØmSv tN¿∂v \n∂m¬

Ft∏mgpw ssZh-Øns‚ kwc-£-W-ap-≠m-Ipw. \nß-fpsS

PohnXw \nß-fpsS Ic-ß-fn-em-I-bm¬ F√m Imcy-߃°pw

apºv Hcp sXc-s™-Sp∏v \S-Ø-Ww. AXv Ft∏mgpw \∑-

bv°p-≈-Xm-bn-cn-°-Ww. ""CXm, Rm≥ C∂v Poh\pw KpWhpw

ac-Whpw tZmjhpw \ns‚ apºn¬ h®n-cn-°p-∂p.'' (B-

h¿Ø. 30:15). \ΩpsS {]hr-Øn-bn¬ ssZh-Øn\v CjvS-am-

Iptam F∂v sNøp-∂-Xn\v apºv ]cn-tim-[n-°p-I. ssZthjvSw

sXc-s™-SpØv anSp-°-cmbn hf-cp-I, tbip-{In-kvXp-hn\v

\sΩ-°p-dn®v hf-sc-b-[nIw {]Xo-£-I-fp-≠v. C∂sØ

{InkvXp-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS apgp-h-t‚bpw apJ-ap-{Z-bm-tI≠

kZv^-e-ß-sf-°p-dn®v hnip-≤-th-Z-]p-kvXIw ]d-bp-∂p.

""Zo¿L£a, Zb, ]tcm-]-Im-cw, hniz-kvX-X, kuay-X,

C{μn-b-Pbw; Cu hIbv°p hntcm-[-ambn Hcp \ymb-{]-am-

W-hp-an√'' (K-em. 5:22, 23).

\ΩpsS k¨tU-kvIqƒ {]ÿm\w k¿Δ-i-‡-\mb

ssZh-Øns‚ Ic-ß-fn¬ kpc-£n-X-am-bn-cn-°-s´-sb∂v

\ap°v {]m¿∞n-°mw. Cu {]ÿm-\sØ C{X-tØmfw

ssIØmßp \¬In hf¿Øn Db¿Ønb ]cn-ip≤ ]nXm-

°-∑msc \nXyhpw A\p-kva-cn-°mw. C∂v CXns\ \bn-®p-

sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂, CXns‚ {]kn-U‚ v ]Zw Ae-¶-cn-°p-∂-

\n.h.-Zn.-{io. Ipcym-t°mkv tam¿ ZobkvtImdkv sa{Xm-t∏m-

eo-Ømbv°v ssZhw i‡nbpw klm-bhpw \¬I-s -́sb∂v

\ap°v Bflm¿∞-ambn {]m¿∞n-°mw. ssZhw \sΩ A\p-

{K-ln-°-s´.

208

209

I¿Ø≥ X≥ Bebw

amXm-hn≥ k∂n-[n-bn¬ R߃ H∂mbn \nc∂p

X¬ {]m¿∞-\bmse R߃ Pbw ]mSoSpw

C{X-ta¬ kuμcyw Xpfpºpw Bebw

I≠n-́ n-t√-Xpta Rms\s‚ I¨I-fm¬

alXzw Z¿in®p Rms\∂pw kvXpXn°pw

I¿Ø≥ X≥ Bebw hos≠-Sp-Ø-Xn-\m¬ (2)

amXm-hn≥ k∂n-[n-bn¬ R߃ H∂mbn \nc∂p

X¬ {]m¿∞-\bmse R߃ Pbw ]mSoSpw.

Cu Bebw iq\y-am-bn-cnt° Ime-amtbm \n߃°v

X≥ `h\w X´n´ `h\w AXn¬ ]m¿∏m≥

apgßo R߃ X≥ ImXp-Iƒ c≠nepw

l§mbn X∂psS imk\m hm°p-Iƒ

Acpfn btlmh sN∂mepw ae-ta¬

]WnI Bebw acw sImt≠-Xpta (2)

amXm-hn≥ k∂n-[n-bn¬ R߃ H∂mbn \nc∂p

X¬ {]m¿∞-\bmse R߃ Pbw ]mSoSpw.

Cu Bebw k¿Δ¿°p-sam-cm-{ibw Cu `qhn¬

Ahn-tSbv°p Xs∂ Rms\-Øp∂p F≥ c£-bv°mbn

e`n°pw \n›bw tam£-a-sX\n°v

kmØm≥ X≥ i‡nsbm Xmf-Sn-bm-Ipsa

{]m]n°pw Rms\∂pw amXm-hn∂¿∞-\bm¬

\qdp\qdm-bn-c-a-\p-{K-l-ß-fpw (2)

amXm-hn≥ k∂n-[n-bn¬ R߃ H∂mbn \nc∂p

X¬ {]m¿∞-\bmse R߃ Pbw ]mSoSpw.

Hcp \hXn aptº R߃ X≥ ]nXm-a-l-∑m¿

IjvSX ]´nWn sIm≠n´pw X≥ a°ƒ°mbn

Ah¿°mbn ssZhta \ns∂ kvXpXn-∏m-\mbn

Hcp-°-s∏-t´mco ]≈n-∏pdw ]≈n

sNm√s´ \nv›bw Im°pao Bebw

i{X-°-fm-cpta sIm≠p-t]m-I-bn√

c‡-Øn≥ c‡amw tkmZ-c¿ R߃ X≥

kvt\-l-Øn¬ hmgpta Imew Ime-tatd (2)

amXm-hn≥ k∂n-[n-bn¬........

knPp Fw. t__namt∏m-Sn-°¬

1. ]m{Xo-b¿°okv {][m\ ]nXmhv2. ImtXm-en° s]mXp-hmb ]nXmhv3. C·m-Øn-tbmkv ssZh-hm-l-I≥4. _tk-en-tbmkv cmPmhv5. Xotam-Øn-tbmkv ssZhsØ al-Xz-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-h≥6. bqen-tbmkv Npcp≠ tcma-ap-≈-h≥7. Iqdn-temkv I¿Ømhv Ir] sNbvXp8. ]oen-Ivkn-t\mkv ]c-tZ-in-Isf kvt\ln-°p-∂-h≥9. ¢oΩokv ap¥ncn h≈n10 {KntKm-dn-tbmkv DW¿Δp-≈-h≥, Pm{K-X-bp-≈-h≥11. tkth-dn-tbmkv IrXy-\n-jvT-bp-≈-h≥12. Zoh-∂m-kn-tbmkv kqcy≥13. HkvØm-Øn-tbmkv \√-\n-e-bp-≈-h≥14. tXtbm-^n-temkv ssZhw kvt\ln-°p-∂-h≥15. Cuhm-\n-tbmkv btlmh Icp-W-bp-≈-h≥16. AØm-\m-kn-tbmkv ac-W-an-√m-Ø-h≥17. _¿∂_mkv Bizm-k-]p-{X≥, {]t_m-[-\-]p-{X≥18. butk-_n-tbmkv ssZh-`-‡≥

A`n-hμy ]nXm-°-∑m-cpsS t]cp-Ifpw A¿∞-ßfpw

19. F∏n-∏m-\n-tbmkv {]Imiw sNmcn-bp-∂-h≥20. t]mfn-°m¿t∏mkv ^e-]q¿Æ≥21. anen-Øn-tbmkv t]mcmfn22. a°m-dn-tbmkv hmgvØ-s∏-́ -h≥, `mKy-hm≥23. sFtd-\n-tbmkv kam-[m\w24. At¥m-\n-tbmkv AXn-hn-injvSam-bXv25. {Intkm-Ã-tamkv kz¿Æ-\m-hp-Im-c≥26. kn¬hm-t\mkv h\-Øn¬ \n∂p-≈-h≥27. Znb-kvsIm-tdmkv ssZh-Øns‚ B¨Ip´n28. XotØmkv _lp-am-\y≥29. tXthm-tZm-tkymkv ssZh-Zm\w

kºm-Z-I≥ :

]n.-sF. amWn]gq¿ ]≈n-∏p-d-Øv.

210

211

t^mt´m-WnIvkpw \mt\m-sS-Ivt\m-f-Pnbpw

hnip-≤-{K-Ÿ-Im-gv®-∏m-Sn¬

tUm. ssetPm sI. tPmk v̂If¿a-‰-Øn¬

eIvN-d¿, bp.-kn. tImfPv Beph

{]Im-iw D≠m-Is´ F∂v ssZhw ]d-™p. {]Imiw D≠mbn. {]Imiw\√Xv F∂v ssZhw I≠p. (1 Dev]. 1: 3,4)

AXn-thKw hf¿® {]m]n-°p∂ c≠p imkv{X-ta-J-e-I-fmWv t^mt´m-WnIvkpw \mt\m sSIvt\m-f-Pn-bpw. Ch c≠pw ]c-kv]cw Gsd _‘-s∏´pwCcn-°p-∂p. kao-]-Im-esØ `uXnI imkv{X t\m_¬ kΩm-\-߃ {]Im-i-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ I≠p-]n-Sp-Ø-߃°v Bbn-cp-∂p.

sshZypX Im¥nI Xcw-K-ß-fn¬ (Electromagnetic waves) Zriy-amb{]Im-ihpw (400-700 nm) AXn-\-Sp-Øp≈ Aƒ{Sm-h-b-e‰v, C≥{^m-sdUvXcw-K-ßfpw D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ imkv{X-im-J-bmWv Photonics tekdn-s‚bpw Optical fiber ({]-Im-i-\m-cp-Iƒ)s‚bpw I≠p-]n-Sp-Ø-tØmsS op-tics F∂ imkv{X-imJ kmt¶-Xn-I-ambn hfsc sa®-s∏-́ p. 20˛mw \q‰m≠vElectronics s‚ bpK-am-bn-cp-∂psh¶n¬ 21˛mw \q‰m≠v Photonics s‚ Ime-am-sW∂v \nkw-ibw ]dbmw. Optics sebpw Electronics sebpw ASn-ÿm\XXz-߃ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ Photonics B[p-\nI hm¿Øm-hn-\n-ab cwK-Øns‚ AXn-th-K-X-bn-ep≈ ]ptcm-K-Xnbv°v {][m\ Imc-W-am-Wv.

Photonics t]mse Xs∂ AXn-thKw ]ptcm-K-an-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂imkv{X-ta-J-e-bmWv Nanotechnology bpw. G‰hpw {it≤-b-amb Hcp ImcywFs¥-∂m¬ Photonics s‚ AXn-th-K-Øn-ep≈ hf¿®bv°p Imc-W-ambtek-dns‚ I≠p-]n-Sp-Øhpw Nanotechnology bpsS XpS-°hpw GXm≠vHtc Ime-b-f-hn-em-bn-cp-∂p. 1960˛ ¬ BWv BZysØ laser Xotbm-tUm¿sabvam≥ I≠p-]n-Sn-®-Xv. B Im-e-b-f-hn¬ Xs∂ Nanotechnology bpsSA\-¥ km[y-X-I-sf-°p-dn®v {]ikvX `uXn-I-im-kv{X-⁄\mb dn®m¿Uv]n. s^bvam≥ Cßs\ ]d-™-p. ‘There is plenty of room at the bottom’Hcpao‰-dns‚ \qdp tImSn-bn¬ Hcp `mKw (1 nm) am{Xw hen-∏-ap≈ ]Zm¿∞-ßsf°pdn-®p≈ ]T-\-amWv ‘Nano science’ . CXp-]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ kmt¶-XnI hnZy-bmWv Nanotechnology. `qan-tbbpw AXn-ep-ff Hcp aW¬Ø-cn-tbbpw As√-¶n¬ Hcp sNdnb sh≈mcw I√n-s\bpw Xmc-Xayw sNøp-∂-Xn\p Xpey-am -WnXv. s{]m^. t\mdntbm X\n-Kp®n (1947) bmWv‘Nanotechnology’ F∂ \maw BZy-ambn \n¿t±-in-®-Xv. ASn-ÿm\ imkv{XimJ-I-fnse hnhn[ Xe-ß-fn¬ ‘Nanotechnology’ °v {it≤-b-ambkzm[o\w sNep-Øm≥ Ign-™n-́ p-≠v. \mt\m ao‰¿ taJ-e-bn-ep-ff ]Zm¿∞-߃°v Ah-bpsS ASn-ÿm\ ]Zm¿∞-ß-fpsS kzm`m-hn-I-amb KpW-ß-fn¬ \n∂v hfsc hyXy-kvX-amb kz`mh khn-ti-j-X-I-fmWp≈Xv. AXn-\m¬ ‘Photonics’ se hnhn[ ]co-£-W-ß-fpsS klm-b-Øm¬ Cu ]Zm¿∞-ß-fpsS kz`mh khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ ]Tn-°m≥ km[n-°p-∂p. {]Imi XcwKssZ¿Lyhpw \mt\m-ao-‰¿ ]cn-[n-bn¬ BsW-∂p-≈-Xm-Wv G‰hpw {it≤-b-amb Imcyw.

212

213

hnip≤ {KŸ-Øns‚ XpS-°-Øn¬ Xs∂ \ap°vZriy-am-Ip-∂Xv ssZhw krjvSn-I¿Ωw \S-Øp-∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®m-Wv. AXn¬ ssZhw BZy Znhkw Xs∂{]Imiw krjvSn-®p.(-Dev]. 1) -ssZh km∂n≤yw {]I-S-am-Ip-∂Xv ]e-t∏mgpw {]Im-i-Øn-eqsSbmWv. C{km-tb-ey¿ acp-̀ q-{]-bm-W-Øn¬ Bbn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ ]I¬ taL-kvXw-̀ -Ønepw, cm{Xn A·n kvXw -̀Øn-ep-ambn ssZhwAh¿°v hgn-Im-́ n. taL-Øn¬ \n∂p≈ {]Im-i-Øns‚NnX-d¬ (scattering)AXns\ kphy-‡-am-°p-∂p. AXp-t]mse A·nsb {]Im-i-hp-ambn t\cn v́ _‘-s∏-Sp-Øm-\m-hn√ F¶nepw `mc-Xob thZ-hn[n {]Imcw ]©-̀ q-X-ß-fn¬ H∂mb A·n G‰hpw t{ijvT-am-Wv. _m°n-bp≈ `qX-߃ aen-\-am-°-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ, aen-\-Xsb\o°p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w kzbw aen-\-am-Im-Xn-cn-°p∂ GI`qXw A·n-bm-Wv.

{]Im-i-Øns‚ Nne ASn-ÿm\ kz`m-h-ß-fn¬s] -́XmWv t\¿tc-Jm-{]-bm-Whpw iq\y-X-bn-ep≈GI-th-K-{]-bm-Whpw. ssZh-h-N\w {]Im-i-Xp-ey-am-Wv.AXv t\¿tc-J-bn¬ k©-cn®v lrZ-b-Øn-te°v FØp-tºmƒ, A·n aen-\-Xsb ip≤-am-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse ssZh-h-N\w lrZ-b-ip≤n hcp-Øp-∂p. k¶o¿Ø-\-°m-c≥]mSp-∂p, “Xncp-h-N\w Fs‚ Imep-Iƒ°v Zo]hpw Fs‚hgn-Iƒ°v {]Im-ihpw BIp-∂p”. (k¶o 118:105) .

ssZhw {]Im-i-Øns‚ A[n-]\pw krjvSm-hp-am-Wv. {]m¿∞-\-I-fn¬ \mw ]d-bm-dp-≠v. “{]Im-i-Øns‚krjvSm-hn\p kvXpXn”. (bmt°m 1:17) F∂pw ""I¿Øm-hv Fs‚ {]Im-ihpw Fs‚ c£bpw BIp-∂p.'" (k¶o27:1) F∂pw ""\oXn {]Imi kam-\hpw"" (lqim 6:5, k¶o37:6) ""shfn®w at\m-l-chpw'' (k`m 11:7); ""ssZhw {]Im-ihpw hnf-°p-am-Ip-∂p.'' (2iap 22:29, tbml-∂m≥ Fgp-Xnb teJ\w 1:5) F∂pw hnip≤ {KŸw km£y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.\ΩpsS I¿Øm-hmb tbip-aninl temI-tØmSp ]d-bp-∂p. “Rm≥ temI-Øns‚ {]Im-i-am-Ip-∂p''. (tbml8:12, 9;15, 12; 46) ""\n߃ {]Im-i-Øn¬ hkn-∏n≥”(-tbml 12:35)

ssPh {]Im-inI D]-I-c-W-amb IÆv ico-c-Øns‚ hnf-°m-Ip-∂p. ""Hcp-hs‚ IÆp sNmΔp-≈-sX-¶n¬ Ahs‚ ico-cw apgp-h≥ {]Im-in-X-am-bn-cn-°pw.''(aØm: 6:22, eq. 11:35) ""ssZh-{]-Imiw temI-Ønse Poh-\p-≈-hs\ {]Im-in-∏n-°p∂ kXy-{]-Im-i-am-Wv''(-tbml1:9)

alm-{]-fb tijw, `qansb Hcn-°epw {]f-b-Øm¬ \in-∏n-°n-s√∂v ssZhw km£y-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXvag-hn-√m¬ Bbn-cp-∂p. {]Im-i-Øns‚ hnhn[ {]Xn-̀ m-k-ß-fmb dispersion, total internal reflection (]q¿ÆB¥-cnI {]Xn-̂ -e-\w) scattering F∂n-h-bpsS BsI-Øp-I-bmWv ag-hn-√v.

Nanotechnology- °v 50 hb- mbn F∂p {]N-cn-°p-tºmƒ Xs∂ {i≤n-t°≠ Hcp hkvXpX Fs¥-

∂m¬ Cu kmt¶-XnI hnZy as‰m-cp-hn-[-Øn¬ hfscapºp Xs∂ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-∂p F∂-Xm-Wv. \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ ]g-°-ap≈ Nne IØo-{U¬ P\¬®n√p ]mfn-I-fnepw Nne •m p-I-fnepw sNa-∏p-\n-d-Øn\p ImcWwnano kz¿W-Øns‚ km∂n-[y-am-sW∂v Ct∏mƒ sXfn-bn-°-s∏-´n-´p-≠v. {]i-kvX-im-kv{X-PvR-\mb ssa°¬^mctU Cu {]Xn-̀ mkw AXn-kq£va kz¿W-Øns‚km∂n-[yw-sIm-≠m-sW∂v t\csØ Xs∂ hy‡-am-°n-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw ASpØ Ime-ØmWv CXp sXfn-bn-°-s∏-́ -Xv. \mt\m kz¿W-Øn\p sshZy-im-kv{X-]-c-ambnNne KpW-߃ Ds≠∂v \ho\ ]T-\-߃ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. tami-bmWv Nanotechnology bpsS bYm¿∞Ah-Im-in-sb-∂mWv Nne¿ ]d-bp-∂-Xv. CXns\ km[q-I-cn-°m-\mbn Ah¿ hy‡-am-°p∂ kw`hw ˛ “tamibn{km-tb¬ P\-X-bp-≠m-°nb kph¿W Imf-°p-́ nsbAc®p Ie°n s]mSn®v Pe-Øn¬ Nmen®p P\-Øn\psImSp-Øp”. CXp Ah-cpsS Bflo-b-hp-am-bp≈ kuJy-Øn\p Imc-W-ambn.

CuPn-]vXnepw sak-s∏m-t´-an-b-bnepw D≠m-bn-cp∂ sIm√-∑m¿ \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ°v apºp-Xs∂ nanokz¿W \n¿Ωn-X-amb Cub-c-lnX tkmƒU¿ (lead freesolder) I≠p-]n-Sn-®n-cp-∂p. ]ucm-WnI ImeØp Xs∂kz¿WsØ 100 \mt\m ao‰-dnepw Xmsg I\-Øn¬ASn®p ]c-Øm≥ Ign-™n-cp-∂p.

Nanotechnology bpw Photonics Dw D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn-bp≈ A\-h[n I≠p-]n-Sp-Ø-߃ Ct∏mƒ]ptcm-K-an-°p-∂p. Cu c≠p imkv{X taJ-e-I-fp-sSbpwhnip-≤-{K-Ÿ-hp-am-bp≈ hnZq-c-_‘w GI-tZ-i-ambnshfn-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Cu teJ\w klm-bn®p F∂pIcpXns°m≠v D]-kw-l-cn-°-s´.

shfn-®ta \bn-®mepw

A\p-_‘w:Photonics bpw Nanotechnology bpw ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ Nne{][m\ ÿm]-\-߃ tIc-f-Øn-ep-≠v.1. International School of Photonics, Cochin Univer-sity of Science and Technology, Kochi www.photonics.cusat.edu.2. CUSAT, Physics Department - ¬ Bcw-̀ n-®n-cn-°p∂Center for Nanotechnology3. NIT Kozhikode4. Amrita institute, Kochi5. Optoelectronics Department Kerala University

B[nIm-cnI {KŸ-߃/ teJ-\-߃1. hnip≤ {KŸw. IWn-bm-º-d-ºn¬ Ipcy≥ tIm¿-F-∏n-kvtIm∏

2. The Alchemy of Nanotechnology -Ken Gilleo3.M. Farady Philos. Trans R. Soc. London 147, 145(1857)

214

215

ae-¶-c-bnse a¨ ad™

kpdn-bm\n k`m ]nXm-°-∑m¿

1. tam¿ Al-Øp≈m _mhm1599 ¬ IqSnb DZ-bw-t]-cq¿ kp∂-l-tZm-kn\p

tijw kpdn-bm\n k`sb tdmam-knw-lm-k-\-Øn≥

Iogn¬ ]q¿W-ambn sIm≠p hcm≥ sa\-kokv sa{Xm≥

ITn\ {]bXv\w \S-Øn. kp∂-l-tZm-kn\p tijw sa\-

kokv sa{Xm≥ ae-¶-c-bnse an°-]-≈n-Ifpw kμ¿in®v

Xs‚ a\:i‡n-sIm≠pw [\-i‡n sIm≠pw kp∂-l-

tZmkv Xocp-am\߃ \S-∏n-em-°n. ]≈n-I-fn¬ \n∂v

In´m-hp-∂n-S-tØmfw ssIsb-gpØp {KŸ-߃ kpdn-bm-

\n-bn-ep-≈Xpw A√m-Ø-Xp-ambh \in-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬

At±lw _≤-{i-≤-\m-bn-cp-∂p. ae-¶-c-k-̀ -bpsS Bcw`w

apX¬ a≤y-Im-e-L´w hsc-bp≈ Ncn-{X-tc-J-Iƒ Cu

{]h¿Øn --aqew C√m-sX-bm-bn. Chn-sS-bp≈ kpdn-bm-

\n-°m¿ ]q¿ΔnI hnizm-k-Øn-te°v XncnsI t]mIp-hm≥

Hcp sa{Xms\ e`n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n At¥ym-Jym-bn-

te°v At]-£-Iƒ Ab-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. CXns‚ ̂ e-

ambn 1653 ¬ ]cn-ip≤ Al-Øp≈m _mhm t]m¿´o-kp-

Imsc ̀ b∂v thj-{]-—-∂-\mbn kqd-‰n¬ h∂n-d-ßn. kqd-

‰n¬ sh®v t]m¿´p-Ko-kp-Im¿ AdÃp sNbvXv ]. Al-

Øp≈m _mhsb tKmh-bn-te-bv°-b-bv°p-hm-\mbn

ssaem-∏q-cn¬ XS-hn¬ ]m¿∏n-®p. XS-hn¬ At±lw hf-

sc-b-[nIw XymK-ßfpw ]oU-Ifpw kln-®p. Ct±lw

XS-hn¬ ssaem-∏q-cn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂ Ah-k-c-Øn¬ hn.

tXmam-«o-lm-bpsS I_-dnSw kμ¿in-°p-hm-\mbn c≠v

siΩm-i≥am¿ ssaem-∏q-cn¬ FØn-b-t∏mƒ bmZr-›n-

I-ambn _mhmsb ImWp-∂-Xn-\n-S-bmbn . kpdn-bm\n

k -̀bpsS ]cn-Xm-]-I-c-amb ÿnXn a\- n-em-°nb _mh

k`-bpsS t\XrXzw hln-®n-cp∂ tXmam A¿°-Zn-bm-

t°m\v Hcp Iev]\ siΩm-i-∑m-cpsS ]°¬ sImSp-Ø-

b-®p. ssaem-∏q-cn¬ \n∂v tKmh-bnse ZWvU-\-ÿ-e-

tØbv°v sIm≠p-t]m-Ip∂ I∏¬ sIm®n-bn¬ FØn-

b-t∏mƒ siΩm-i-∑m-cn¬ \n∂pw t\csØ hnh-c-߃

Adn-™n-cp∂ kpdn-bm-\n-°m¿ Xß-fpsS ]nXm-hns\

c£-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\mbn sIm®n tIm´-bn¬ FØn.

CXn\p t\XrXzw sImSp-ØXv tXmam A¿°-Zn-bm-

t°m\pw B™n-en-aq-́ n¬ C´n sXmΩ≥ IØ-\m-cp-am-

bn-cp-∂p. GI-tZiw 25000 tØmfw P\-߃ AhnsS

XSn-®p-Iq-Sn. sIm®n-tIm-́ -bnse A[n-]-∑m¿ P\-°q-́ sØ

I≠v `b∂v tIm -́hm-Xn¬ AS-bv°p-Ibpw cl-ky-ambn

tKmh-bn-te°v hnSp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ct±-lsØ Igp-

Øn¬ I√p-sI´n IS-en¬ XmgvØn sIm∂p-I-f™p

F∂v hniz-kn°s∏Sp-∂p. tKmh-bn¬ sh®v _mhmsb

A·n-bn¬ Zln-∏n-®-Xmbn eØo≥ Ncn-{X-Im-c-∑m¿ Fgp-

Xn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. CX-dn™ kpdn-bm-\n-°m¿ H∂n-®p-IqSn

FSpØ {]Xn-⁄-bmWv Ncn{X {]kn-≤-amb Iq\≥

Ipcnip kXyw.

2. ]cn-ip≤ ]t{Xmkv XrXn-b≥

]m{Xn-bm¿°o-kv_mhmae-¶-c-bn¬ P\m-[n-]Xy ̀ c-W-kw-hn-[m-\-߃°v

XpS°w Ipdn® apf-¥p-cpØn kp∂-l-tZmkv hnfn®p Iq´n-

bXv ]cn-ip≤ ]t{Xmkv XrXo-b≥ _mhm--bm-Wv. \ho-

I-cW hnhm-Z-Øn¬ \n∂v ae-¶-c-k-̀ sb c£n-®Xpw Cu

]nXm-hm-bn-cp-∂p. 1872 anYp\w 04 \v Du¿t»-an¬ sh®v

s]¥n-t°mkvXn s]cp-∂mƒ Znhkw ]m{Xn-bm¿°o-

kmbn hmgn-°-s∏-́ p. 1876 ¬ ae-¶-c-bn-seØn apf-¥p-

cpØn kp∂-l-tZmkv, hn. aqtdm≥ IqZmi, ae-¶-c-k-̀ -

bnse 7 `{Zm-k-\-߃°v 6 ]pXnb sa{Xm-∑msc hmgn-

°¬, ae-¶-c-k-̀ -bn¬ P\m-[n-]Xy ̀ c-W-{I-a-Øn\v cq]w

\¬I¬ XpS-ßnb ]. _mhm ae-¶-c-bn¬ \S-Ønb

{][m\ kw -̀h-߃ Bbn-cp-∂p. 6 ]pXnb sa{Xm-∑m-

cn¬ ae-¶-c-bpsS alm-]-cn-ip-≤-\mb ]-cp-ae sIm®p-

Xn-cp-ta-\nbpw Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p. 1894 I∂n 25 \v ].-_mhm

Imew sNbvXv Ip¿°pa Zb-dm-bn¬ I_-d-S-ßn.

216

217

3. ]cn-ip≤ Gen-bmkv XrXo-b≥

]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhmXp¿°n-bnse a¿±o≥ ] -́W-Øn¬ 1867 HIvtSm-

_¿ 30 \v Cu hnip-≤≥ `qPm-X-\mbn. 1887 ¬ siΩ-

mi\mbpw 1889¬ dºm-\mbpw 1892 ¬ sshZn-I-\mbpw

1908 ¬ sa{Xm-t∏meo-Ømbmbpw Db¿Ø-s∏-́ p. 1917 ¬

]m{Xn-b¿°o-kmbn hmgn-°-s∏-́ p. ae-¶-c-bnse Ie-l-

߃ Xo¿°p-hm-\mbn 1931 ¬ ae-¶-c-bn-se-Øn. _mhm-

bpsS Bep-hm-bnse Xma-k-Im-eØv apS-°-s∏´ h -́t»-

cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n ]. ]nXm-hns‚ k∂n-[n-bn¬ FØn ]›m-

Øm-]n-°p-Ibpw ]nXmhv apS-°p-Xo¿Øv hm’-ey-

tØmsS kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. F¶nepw ]n∂oSv

_mhm-bp-ambn h -́t»cn Xncp-ta\n ]e Imcy-ß-fnepw

hntbm-Pn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. k‘n Btem-N-\-Iƒ \n¿Øn-

sh-t°≠n h∂p. Ipdp-∏w-]Sn ]≈n-bn¬ sh®v ]≈n

{]Xn-]p-cpj tbmKw \S-Øn. 1932 s^{_p-h-cn-bn¬ a™-

\n -°-c -bn¬ FØn-t®-cp -Ibpw Ipd -®p -Zn -h -k-

߃°ptijw s^{_p-hcn 13 \v BI-kvan-I-ambn Imew

sNbvXp. a™-\n-°c tam¿ kvtX^m-t\mkv ]≈n-bpsS

kao]w 14 \v I_-d-S-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]n∂oSv

AhnsS tam¿ CKv\m-Øn-tbm-kns‚ \ma-Øn¬ Hcp

Zbdm ÿm]n-°s∏Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

4. ]cn-ip≤ At{]w ]m{Xn-b¿°okv

_mhm1887 anYp\w 15˛mw XobXn ]. _mhm Cdm-°nse

aqk¬ \K-c-Øn¬ `qPm-X-\m-bn. 1933 aIcw 30˛mw

XobXn Rmb-dmgvN ]m{Xn-bm¿°o-kmbn hmgn-°-s∏-́ p.

k`m Ncn-{X-Im-c\pw ]uc-kvXy-k-̀ -bpsS aWn Zo]-hp-

am-bn-cp∂ _mhm Xncp-ta\n 1927 ¬ P\o-h-bn¬ FØn

eoKv Hm v̂ t\j-\n¬ kpdn-bm\n P\-X-bpsS {]iv\-߃

kwkm-cn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. hn. ssZh-am-Xm-hns‚ CS-s° v́

(kp-t\m-tdm) tlmwknse hn. amXm-hns‚ ]≈nbn¬

\n∂v ]. _mh-bpsS Ime-ØmWv Is≠-Sp-Ø-Xv. k`m

Ncn-{X-⁄m-\-Øn¬ {]tXy-In®v ]uckvXy k`m-N-cn-

{X-⁄m-\-Øn¬ ]. ]nXm-hn-t\mSv Xpey-\mbn Cu

Xe-ap-d-bn¬ Bcpw Xs∂-bn-√. ]. ]nXm-hns‚ Ncn-{X-K-

th-j-W-an-√m-bn-cp∂p-sh-¶n¬ kp{]-kn-≤-amb ]e kpdn-

bm-\n-°m-cp-sSbpw t]cp-I-sfbpw Ah-cpsS {KŸ-ß-

sfbpw Ipdn®v ̀ mhn-X-e-apd Adn-bmsX t]mIp-ambn-cp∂p.

1957 Pq¨ 23˛mw XobXn ].-]n-Xmhv Imew sNbvXp.

tlmwknse kpt\mtdm ]≈n-bn¬ ]nXm-hns‚ I_-

dnSw ÿnXn sNøp-∂p.

5. ]cn-ip≤ bm°q_v XrXob≥

]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm1957 HIvtSm-_¿ 27 \v ]. ]nXmhv ]m{Xn-b¿-°o-

kmbn hmgn-°-s∏-´p. 1958 ¬ k`m-k-am-[m-\-Øns‚

Iev]\ ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®p. 1964 ¬ ae-¶-c-bn¬ Fgp-s∂≈n

_tk-entbmkv HutK≥ ImtXm-en-°msb hmgn-®p. ae-

¶-c-k-̀ -bn¬ 1970 \p tijw {]iv\-߃ D≠m-hp-Ibpw

1958 ¬ D≠m-°nb kam-[m\w XI¿∂-t∏mƒ1975 HmK-

Ãn¬ Uam-kv-Ikn¬ BI-am\ kp∂-l-tZmkv IqSp-

Ibpw thZ-hn-]-co-Xn-Isf k`bv°v ]pd-Øm-°m≥ Xocp-

am-\n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ae-¶-c-bn¬ sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø-

∑m¿ C√m-™-t∏mƒ k`m-a-°sf kwc-£n-°p-hm≥ 1974

¬ ]nXm-°-∑msc Ab-®p-X-∂-Xv ]. _mhmbmWv.

t{ijvT ImtXm-en°m _tk-en-tbmkv ]utemkv c≠m-

a≥ _mhmsb hmgn-®-Xv ]cn-ip≤ ]nXm-hmWv. c≠v a{]n-

bm-\m-am-scbpw 13 sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø-am-scbpw ]. ]nXm-

hns‚ ssII-fm¬ hmgn-®n-´p-≠v. kam-[m-\-{]nb\pw

]WvUn-X\pw t{ijvT\pw k`m-kvt\-ln-bp-am-bn-cp∂ ].

]nXmhv 1980 Pq¨ 25˛mw XobXn Imew sNbvXp.

6. ]cn-ip≤ A_vZpƒ Peo¬

tam¿ {KntKm-dn-tbmkv _mhmAt¥ym-Jym-bn¬ \n∂pw sa{Xm-∑msc Ab-®p-

X-c-W-sa∂v ImWn®v CS-X-S-hn-√msX ae-¶-c-bn¬ \n∂v

I®-h-S-°m¿ hgn IØp-Ifpw \nth-Z-\-ßfpw ].

At¥ymJym ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhmbv°v Ab-®p-sIm-

≠n-cp-∂p. F.-Un. 1655 ¬ ]. knwlm-k-\-Øn¬ \n∂v

tbcp-i-te-ans‚ ]m{Xn-bm¿°o-km-bn-cp∂ A_vZpƒ

Peo¬ tam¿ {KntKm-dn-tbmkv _mhmsb ae-¶-c-bn-te-

°-b-®p. ]cn-ip≤ ]nXmhv hS-°≥ ]d-hq¿ bmt°m-_mb

]≈n-bn¬ 1681 taSw 14 \v I_-d-S-°-s∏-´p. H∂mw

am¿tØm-am-bpsS A]q¿W-am-bn-cp∂ hmgn-°¬ am¿

{KntKm-dn-tbmkv _mhm-bmWv ]q¿Øn-bm-°n-b-Xv.-].

_mh Xs∂ c≠mw am¿tØm-Ωmsb hmgn-®p. _mhmsb

]. ]m{Xn-bm¿°okv _mhm 2000 ¬ ]cn-ip-≤-\mbn

{]Jym-]n-®p. _mhm-bpsS Hm¿Ω taSw 14\v hS-°≥ ]d-

hq-cn¬ BtLm-j-]q¿Δw sIm≠m-Sn-h-cp-∂p.

7. ]cn-ip≤ b¬tZm tam¿

_tk-en-tbmkv a{^n-bm\F.-Un. 1684 ¬ ae-¶c a°-fpsS Bh-iy-{]-Imcw

Ing-°ns‚ a{^n-bm\ b¬tZm tam¿ _tk-en-tbmkv

_mhmbpw kwLhpw ae-¶-c-bn-tebv°v bm{X ]pd-s∏-

218

219

´p. tImX-aw-K-eØp h∂ _tk-en-tbmkv _mhm FØn-

t®¿∂-Xns‚ ]Xn-aq∂mw Znhkw 1685 I∂n-amkw 20 \v

Cl-tem -I -hmkw shSn -bp -Ibpw tImX-aw -Kew

am¿tØmΩ≥ sNdn-b-]-≈n-bnse hn. aZv_-lm-bn¬ I_-

d-S-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. 1988 apX¬ ]. ]nXm-hns‚ \maw

Ip¿∫m\ at≤y Xp_vtZ-\n¬ kvacn-°p-∂-Xn\v ]. C·m-

Øn-tbmkv kmJm-{]-Y-a≥ ]m{Xn-bm¿°okv _mhm DØ-

c-hm-bn. Cu hnip-≤s‚ Hm¿Ω HIvtSm-_¿ 03 \v henb

s]cp-∂m-fmbn BtLm-jn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.

8. ]cn-ip≤ _tk-en-tbmkv

i{I≈ _mhm]cn-ip≤ i{I≈ a{^n-bm-\mbpw ]cn-hm-c-ßfpw

1751 ¬ sIm®n-bn¬ FØn-t®¿∂p. Cu hnip≤ ]nXmhv

At\Iw sshZn-I¿°pw Zb-dm-°m¿°pw siΩm-i-

∑m¿°pw ]´w sImSp-Øp. 13 h¿jsØ al-Ømb tkh-

\-Øn-\p-tijw 1764 HIvtSm-_¿ 22˛mw XobXn a´m-t©cn

]≈n-bn¬ Imew sNøp-Ibpw At±-l-Øns‚ `uXnI

icocw I≠-\mSv ]≈n-bntebv°v sIm≠p-h-∂v, AhnsS

kwkvI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. 2008 HIvtSm-_-dn¬ ].

]m{Xn-bm¿°okv _mhm Cu ]nXm-hns\ ]cn-ip-≤-\mbn

{]Jym-]n-®p. Cu hnip-≤s‚ Hm¿Ω HIvtSm-_¿ 22 \v

henb s]cp-∂m-fmbn BtLm-jn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.

9. ]cn-ip≤ bqbm°nw tam¿

Iqdn-temkv _mh1847 ¬ At¥ymJym knwlm-k\ {]Xn-\n-[n-bmbn

Xncp-a-\- p-sIm≠v ae-¶-c-bn¬ h∂p. apf-¥p-c-pØn, Ipdp-

∏p-w]-Sn ]≈n F∂o ]≈n-I-fn¬ amdn-amdn Xma-kn®v

]cn-ip≤ k`-bv°p-th≠n {]h¿Øn®p t]m∂p. 1875

Nnßw 20\v Imew sNbvX tam¿ Iqdn-temkv sa{Xm-t∏m-

eo-Ømsb apf-¥p-cpØn ]≈nbn¬ I_-d-S-°n. Ct±lw

]cn-ip-≤\pw [oc\pw Pohn-X-\n-jvT-bp-≈-h\pw KWn-X-

im-kv{X-⁄\pw sshZy-im-kv{X\n›-bap-≈-h\pw kpdn-

bm\n ]WvUn-X\pw a¬∏m\pw Bbn-cp-∂p. 2008 HIvtSm-

_-dn¬ ]cn-ip≤ ]m{Xn-bm¿°okv _mhm Cu ]nXm-

hns\ ]cn-ip-≤-\mbn {]Jym-]n-®p. sk]v‰w-_¿ 2˛mw

XobXn Cu ]nXm-hns‚ Hm¿Ω-Zn-\-ambn BN-cn-°p-∂p.

10.]cn-ip≤ ]cp-ae sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\nae-¶-c-bpsS ]cn-ip-≤-\mb ]cp-ae Xncp-ta\n apf-¥p-

cØn ]≈-Øn´ NmØp-cpØn Xd-hm-́ n¬ 1848 Pq¨ 15

\v `qPm-X-\mbn. 1857 ¬ tImdptbm ]´hpw 1885 ¬

sshZnI ]´hpw XpS¿∂v tIm¿ F∏n-kvt°m∏m

ÿm\hpw G‰p. 1872 ¬ dºm-\mbn hmgn-°-s∏-́ p. A°m-

eØv ae-¶-c-bn¬ FØnb ]. ]t{Xmkv XrXob≥ ]m{Xn-

bm¿°okv _mhm-bpsS Zzn`m-jn-bmbpw sk{I-́ -dn-bmbpw

{]h¿Øn-®Xv dºm-®-\m-bn-cp-∂p. ]. _mhm \S-Ønb

apfp-¥p-cpØn kp∂-l-tZmk,v hn. aqtdm≥ IqZmi F∂n-

h-bpsS Npa-X-ebpw dºm-®-\m-bn-cp-∂p. ae-¶-c-k-̀ sb 7

`{Zm-k-\-ß-fmbn Xncn-®v ]pXnb sa{Xm-∑msc hmgn-®-h-

cn¬ Koh¿Kokv dºm-®-\p-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. tIhew 29˛mw

hb- n¬ sa{Xm-\mbn hmgn-°-s∏-´p. ]cp-a-e-bn¬

]≈nbpw skan-\m-cnbpw ÿm]n-®p. Xncp-ta\n ta¬∏´w

kzoI-cn-®-t∏mƒ Fgp-Xnka¿∏n® DS-ºSn {]kn-≤-am-Wv.

Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS At¥mJymknwlm-k\ `‡n AZzn-Xo-

b-am-Wv. 1902 \hw-_¿ 2 \v Imew sNbvXv ]cp-a-e-bn¬

I_-d-S-ßn. 1987 ¬ ]cn-ip≤ kmJm-{]-Y-a≥ ]m{Xn-

b¿°okv _mhm Cu ]cn-ip-≤s‚ \maw kvacn-°-s∏-

tS-≠-Xn-\p-th≠n Xp_vtZ-\n¬ tN¿°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

11. ]cn-ip≤ ]utemkv tam¿

Iqdn-temkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØapf-¥p-cpØn sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ IpSpw-_mw-K-amb

am¿ Iqdn-temkv 1851 sabv 31 \v P\n-®p. Beph Xr°p-

∂Øp sk‚ v tacokv ]≈n-bn¬ ]. A_vZp≈ ]m{Xn-

b¿°okv _mhm-bpsS A≤y-£-X-bn¬ IqSnb ae-¶c

bmt°m-_mb Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ ]utemkv am¿ Iqdn-

tem-kns\ ae-¶c sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø-bmbn sXc-s™-Sp-

Øp. Ct±-l-Øns‚ Ime-ØmWv h´n-∏-W-t°kv Bcw-

`n-®-Xv. alm-X-t]mhcy\m-bn-cp∂ ]utemkv am¿ Iqdn-

temkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ 1917 Unkw-_¿ 15˛mw XobXn

Imew sNbvXv ]mW-ºSn ]≈n-bn¬ I_-d-S°s∏´p. 2008

HIvtSm-_-dn¬ Cu ]nXm-hns\ ]. ]m{Xn-b¿°okv

_mhm ]cn-ip-≤-\mbn {]Jym-]n-®p.

12.]cn-ip≤ …o_m tam¿

HkvXm-tØymkv _mhm]. At¥ymJym knwlm-k\ {]Xn-\n-[n-bmbn 1919

¬ ae-¶-c-bn-se-Øn. k`m-k-am-[m-\-Øn\pw t{ib- n\pw

th≠n Poh≥ _en-b¿∏n® Cu ]. ]nXmhv kln®

IjvS-X-Iƒ A\-h-[n-bm-Wv. tcmKn-Iƒ°v Cu ]nXmhv

Hcm-i-m-tI-{μ-am-bn-cp-∂p.-hmgvØn sImSp-°p∂ sh≈w

IpSn®v At\-I¿ tcmK-hn-ap-‡-cm-bn-́ p-≠v. 1930 am¿®v 20\v

Imew sNbvX tam¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv _mhm Ip∂w-

Ipfw B¿Øm‰v ]≈n-bn¬ I_-d-S-ßn. 2000 G{]nen¬

]. ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm Cu ]nXm-hns\ ]cn-ip-≤-

\mbn {]Jym-]n-®p.

220

]pd-tØ v́ ]n.-]n. h¿Kokpw IpSpw-_hpw

221

13.]cn-ip≤ ]utemkv tam¿AØm-\m-tkymkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ(h-enb Xncp-ta\n)

1869 P\p-hcn 23˛mw XobXn {]kn-≤-amb ss]\m-

SØp IpSpw-_-Øn¬ P\n-®p. 1910 ¬ sa{Xm-s∏m-eo-Ø-

bmbn hmgn-°-s∏-´p. ae-¶c sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø-mbmbn

Zo¿L-Imew k`sb \bn-®p. 1953 P\p-hcn 25\v Beph

Xr°p-∂Øp skan-\m-cn-bn¬ sh®v Imew sNbvXv Xr°p-

∂Øv sk‚ v tacokv ]≈n-bn¬ I_-d-S-ßn. ""kXy-hn-

izmk kwc-£-I≥'' F∂ A]-c-\m-a-Øn¬ kpdn-bm\n

k` F∂pw A`n-am-\-tØmsS kvacn-°p∂ Ct±lw k -̀

bv°p-th≠n kln® XymK-߃ A\-h-[n-bm-Wv. 2004

HmK-Ãn¬ ]. ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm Cu ]nXm-hns\

]cn-ip-≤-\mbn {]Jym-]n-®p.

14.t{ijvT ]utemkv ZznXo-b≥

ImtXm-en-°m-_mhmssZh-\n-tbm-K-Ømepw kzI¿Ω-Ømepw t{ijvT-

X-bn-te°v Db¿∂ AXpey B≤ym-flnI tXP- m-bn-

cp∂p t{ijvT ImtXm-en°m _tk-en-tbmkv ]utemkv

ZznXo-b≥ _mhm 1952 ¬ sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø-bmbn hmgn-

°-s∏-´p. 1975 sk]v‰w-_¿ 7 \v _tk-en-tbmkv

]utemkv ZznXo-b≥ F∂ t]cn¬ t{ijvT ImtXm-en-

°-bmbn hmgn-®p. sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ Bb-Imew apX¬

t{ijvT _mhm ]cn -ip -≤-k-` -bv°p-th-≠n-h-fsc

XymK-߃ kln-®p. 1996 sk]v‰w-_¿ H-∂n\v Imew

sNbvX t{ijvT _mhm ate-°p-cniv Zb-dm-bn¬ I_-d-

S°s∏-´p.

15. ]pent°m-́ n¬ tPmk v̂ tam¿

Znh-∂ym-kn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØIp∂w-Ip-fØv {]kn-≤-amb ]pen-t°m-́ n¬ IpSpw-

_-Øn¬ 1833 \hw-_¿ 12 \v P\n-®p. 1865 ¬ sa{X-t∏m-

eo-Ø-bmbn hmgn-°-s∏-´p. \ho-I-c-W-°m-cn¬ \n∂pw

G‰hpw A[nIw ]oU-\-߃ kln-t°≠n h∂ ]nXm-

hmWv Ct±-lw. 44 h¿j-°mew sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø-bmbn

k`sb {]Xn-k-‘n-L-´-ß-fn¬ IqSn \bn-®p. ]cp-ae

skan-\mcn, sh´n-°¬ Zb-dm, tIm´bw Fw.Un skan-

\m-cn,-Xp-S-ßnb ÿm]-\-߃ Bcw-̀ n-®Xv Xncp-ta-\n-bm-

bn-cp-∂p. Ncn-{X-{]-kn-≤-amb tdmb¬tIm¿ v́ hn[n D≠m-

bXpw Cu Ime-Øm-bn-cp-∂p. 1909 Pqsse 11\v Imew

sNbvXv ]g-b-sk-an-\m-cnbn¬ I_-d-S-°-s∏-́ p. ae-¶-c-k`

`cn-®n-´p≈ sa{Xm-∑m-cn¬ XymK-k-º-∂-\pw k`m

kvt\lnbpw ssZh-`-‡-\p-am -bn -cp -∂- Xn -cp -ta-\n

At¥ymJym ae-¶c _‘sØ Ac-°n-́ p-d-∏n-®-h-cn¬

AZzn-Xo-b-\m-bn-cp-∂p.

16.s]cp-º≈n Koh¿Kokv tam¿

{KntKm-dn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm1974 apX¬ 1999 hsc-bp≈ 25 h¿jsØ k`m-

N-cn{Xw A`n-hμy s]cp-º≈n Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Poh-N-cn-

{X-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´p InS-°p-∂p. {]Xn-̀ m-[-\-\mb {]`m-

j-I≥, Ign-hp‰ kwLm-S-I≥ , ̀ {Zm-k-\-Øn-s‚bpw k -̀

bp-sSbpw hniz-kvX-\mb Imcy-hn-Nm-c--I≥, kq£va \nco-

£-I-\mb tae-t\z-j-I≥ , k¿tΔm-]cn kvt\l-\n-[n-

bmb Bflob ]nXmhv F∂n-ßs\ A`n-hμy Xncp-ta-

\n-bpsS {]Xn`m Inc-W-߃ At\-I-ß-fm-Wv.

tIm´bw ]pXp-∏≈n ]d-∏≈n IpSpw-_-Øn¬ 1934

HIvtSm-_¿ 24 \v P\n-®p. 1974 ¬ sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø-bmbn

hmgn-°-s∏-́ p. tIkp-Ifpw C≥Pw-Kvj\pw ImcWw ]≈n-

I-fpsS kao-]-ß-fn-embn sjÕp-Iƒ \n¿Ωn®v Xs‚

kz¿Ko-b-amb Bcm-[-\-I-f-mepw D÷ze {]`m-j-W-ß-

fmepw a\p-jy-lr-Z-b-ßsf Db¿Øn k`m-a-°sf

At±lw At¥ymJym knwlm-k-\-tØmSv tN¿Øp

\n¿Øn. s]cp-º≈n knwlm-k\ ]≈n, tIm´bw sk‚ v

tPmk v̂ IØo-{U¬ F∂nh ]WnXXv A`n-hμy ]nXm-

hns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn-em-Wv. At¥ymJym ae-¶c _‘-

Øns‚ i‡-amb h‡mhpw kwc-£-I-\p-am-bn-cp∂p

A`n-hμy ]nXm-hv 1999 s^{_p-hcn 22 \v Imew sNbvXv

s]cpº≈n knwlm-k\ ]≈n-bn¬ I_-d-S-°-s∏-́ p.

17. anJm-tb¬ tam¿ Znh-∂m-tkymkv

sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ]pcm-X-\-amb Imbw-Ipfw ImZoim ]≈n CS-h-

I-bn¬ Bepwaq´n¬ IpSpw-_-Øn¬ 1879 CShw 15\v ̀ qPm-

X-\mbn. 1926 ¬ sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø-bmbn hmgn°-s∏-́ p.

thZ-hn-]-co-Xn-Iƒ ]. k`sb ]oUn-∏n-®n-cp∂ Zp¿LS

L -́Øn¬ ae-¶-c-bnse kpdn-bm\n k`bv°v kp[o-c-amb

t\XrXzw sImSpØv kXy-hn-izm-k-Øn¬ \ne-\n¿Øn-

bXv anJm-tb¬ Xncp-ta\n Bbn-cp-∂p. "ae-¶-c-bpsS

K¿÷n-°p∂ knwlw 'F∂ t]cn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.

kXy-hn-izmk kwc-£-W-Øn¬ hn´p-ho-gvN-bn-√mØ

at\m-̀ m-h-°m-c-\m-bn-cp∂p At±lw. kXy hnizm-kn-Isf

Ie-h-d-bn-√msX kvt\ln® A`n-hμy ]nXmhv 1956

P\p-hcn 18\v Imew sNbvXv ]mW-ºSn ]≈n-bn¬ I_d-

S-°-s∏-´p.

222

223

inip-{]m-b-Øn¬ Ip´n-Iƒ amXm-]n-Xm-°-fpsS kmao]yw Gsd sImXn-°p-Ibpw Ah-tcmSv F{Xam{Xw tN¿∂v \nev°p-hm≥ km[n-°ptam A{Xbpw tN¿∂p \nev°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. kvIqƒ hnZym-̀ ym-k-Øns‚ Bcw-̀ -L-́ -Øn¬ Ah¿ amXm-]n-Xm-°-fpsS ssI]n-Sn®vkvIqfn¬ t]mIm≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂p. Xß-fpsS\ne-\n-ev]pw kpc-£n-X-Xzhpw Ah-cpsSssII-fn-em-sW∂v Ah¿ Icp-Xp-∂p. {]mbwGdpw-tXmdpw X߃°v Xmßpw XWepwBbn-cp∂ amXm-]n-Xm-°-fp-am-bn´p≈ ASp∏wIpd™v Ipd™v hcp-Ibpw Iuam-c-{]m-b-Øn¬ FØp-tºmƒ CXv IqSp-X¬ {]-I-S-am-hp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. am‰-ß-fpsS Ime-L-́ -amWvIp´n-I-fpsS Iuam-c-{]m-bw. imco-cn-Ihpw am\-kn-Ihpw s]cp-am-‰-]-c-hp-amb hyXn-bm-\-߃ Cu ka-bØp {]I-S-am-Ip-∂p.Cu {]mb-Øn¬ F¥p sNøWw Ftßm-´p -t]m-IWwFs∂mcp \n›-b-hp-an-√msX, ]eXpw kz¥-am-°-W-sa∂pw ]e-tcbpw A\p-I-cn-°-W-sa∂pw tXm∂pI kzm`m-hn-Iw. NoØ-Iq-́ p-sI-́ n-tebv°v t]mIp-hm-\p≈ km≤yX Cu {]mb-Øn¬hfsc IqSp-X-em-bn-cn-°pw. IqSp-X¬ kzmX{¥yw {]Xo-£n-°p∂ Ah¿ amXm-]n-Xm-°-fn¬ \n∂pw AI-ep-Ibpw Xß-fpsS A`n-{]m-b-ßfpw Btem-N-\-Ifpw ]¶p-sh-bv°p-hm≥ Iq´p-Imsc tXSp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Iq´p-Im¿ \√ D]-tZ-i-߃ \¬Ip-hm≥ sIev]p-≈-h¿ As√-¶n¬ Ip´n-Iƒ hgn-sX-‰n-t∏m-Ip-hm≥CS-bm-Ip-∂p. At∏mƒ Ah-cpsS Ahÿ sNfn-°p-gn-bn¬ AI-s∏´ ]∂n-bp-tSXp t]mse-bm-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. Cu {]mb-Øn¬ho´n¬ A[n-I-t\cw sNe-h-gn-°m≥ Ah¿- C-jvS-s∏-Sp-∂n-√.D≈ Ah-k-c-ß-fn¬ Xs∂ amXm]nXm-°-fp-amtbm ktlm-Z-c-ß-fp-amtbm hnti-j-߃ ]¶p-sh-bv°p-hm≥ kabw Is≠-ØmsX Iw]yq-́ -dp-amtbm samss_¬t^m-Wp-amtbm Nßm-Ø-Ønte¿s∏-Sp-∂p. C∂v temIw hf-sc-b-[nIw hnImkw {]m]n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Ip´n-I-fpsS Adnhpw Nn¥bpw AXn-\-\p-k-cn-®vh¿≤n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.-B-[p-\nI kmt¶-XnIhnZym D]-I-c-W-ß-fmb Iºyq-́ ¿, samss_¬ t^m¨, sSen-hn-j≥ ChIp´n-Iƒ°v Hcp-°n-s°m-Sp-°p-tºmƒ Ah-bpsS Zpcp-]-tbmKwXß-fpsS Ip´n-I-fpsS `mhn IpgntXm≠p-∂-Xm-sW-∂p≈kXyw amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ a\- n-em-°nbncn°-Ww. Ftßm-́ p-t]m-IWw F¥p sNøWw F∂p \n›-b-an-√mØ Cu {]mb-Øn¬Ip´n-Iƒ°v \nb-{¥-W-Øns‚ Hcp ISn-™m¨ Bh-iy-am-Wv.AXv amXm-]n-Xm-°-fpsS ssII-fn¬ Xs∂ Bbn-cn-°p-IbpwthWw. F√m-°m-cy-ß-fnepw hne°v G¿s∏-Sp-ØmsX \√coXn-bn¬ Imcy-߃ sNøp-hm≥ Ahsc {]m]vv-X-cm-°Ww. Ip´n-Iƒ°v Iq´p-Im-tcm-sS-∂-t]mse amXm-]n-Xm-°-tfmSv F¥pwXpd∂p ]d-bm-\p≈ kzmX-{¥yhpw D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. Ah¿]d-bp-∂-sX¥pw tIƒ°p-Ibpw Ah¿s°m∏w sNe-h-gn-°m≥kabw Is≠Øn th≠ ]cn-em-f-\-Iƒ \¬Ip-Ibpw thWw.

amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ Adn-bm≥

amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ ]c-kv]c kvt\l-Ønepw_lp-am-\-Ønepw ssZh-hn-izm-k-Ønepw Pohn-s®-¶n¬ am{Xta Ip´n-Isf imkn-°p-hm\pwt\¿hgn D]-tZ-in-°p-hm\pw km[n-°q. kv{Xo,ho´n¬ DØ-a-̀ m-cy-bmbn h¿Øn-°-Ww. ⁄m\n-I-fn¬ ⁄m\n-bmb item-tam≥ ]d-™n-cn-°p∂p ""kma¿∞y-ap≈ kv{Xo Ah-fpsS ̀ ¿Øm-hn\v Hcp Inco-S-am-Ip∂p'' (kZriy : 12:4). ""_p≤n-bp≈ `mcy ssZh-Øns‚ Zm\w; Ah-fpsS hneapØp-I-fnepw Gdpw, Ahƒ Bbp-jv°m-e-sams° `¿Øm-hn\p Xn∑-b√ \∑ sNøpw''(kZriy 31:10˛12). tamiw kv{Xosb-°p-dn®pwitem-tam≥ ]d-™n-cn-°p∂p ""iWvTbpw Zp:ioe-hp-ap≈ kv{XobpsS IqsS ]m¿°p-∂-Xnepw t`Zw

\n¿P-\-{]-tZ-iØv ]m¿°p-∂Xv \√-Xv''(kZriy. 21:9). kv{XoF∂pw hoSn\v hnf-°m-bn-cn-°-Ww. amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ Ip´n-Iƒ°vamXr-I-bm-bn-cn-°-Ww. Ah¿ ]c-kv]cw kvt\ln-°p-Ibpw Ip´n-Isf kvt\ln-°p-Ibpw sNbvXm¬ Ip´n-Iƒ Ahsc kvt\ln-°p-Ibpw _lp-am-\n-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. Cs√-¶n¬ Ip´n-IƒamXm-]n-Xm-°sf shdp-°p-Ibpw Ah-cn¬ \n∂v AI-ep-IbpwsNøpw.

Pohn-XsØ Ah-cpsS kz]v\-tem-I-am-°n-Øo¿°-W-sa∂v B{K-ln-°p-∂-h-cmWv Ip´n-Ifpw sNdp-∏-°m-cpw. sNdp-{]m-b-Øn¬ th≠ D]-tZ-i-ßfpw \nb-{¥-W-ßfpw \¬ImsX,hep-Xm-Ip-tºmƒ F√mw icn-bm-bn-s°m≈pw F∂p hnNm-cn-®m¬ ]‰n-√. Hcp sNSnsb sNdp-{]m-b-Øn¬ c≠p hnc-ep-IƒsIm≠pt]mepw hf-bv°m≥ km[n-°pw. F∂m¬ AXv Hcpac-ambn Ign-™m¬ AXns‚ KXnsb c≠p ssIIƒ sIm≠p-t]mepw \nb-{¥n-∏m≥ km≤y-a-√. amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ a°-fpsSkz`m-h-cq-]o-I-c-W-Øn\v Ah-cpsS sNdp∏w apXte ]q¿Æ-{i-≤ -sIm-Sp-°-Ww.

\∑-Xn-∑-I-sf°p-dn-®p≈ Adn-hns‚ hr£-Øns‚ I\nXn∂-cp-sX∂v ssZhw BZm-an-t\mSv Iev]n®p F¶nepw BZmwhne-°-s∏´ I\n `£n®v ]dp-Zok \jvS-s∏-Sp-Øn. I¿Øm-hns‚ {Iqip-a-c-W-Øn-eqsS B ]dp-Zok a\p-jy¿°v ho≠pwe`n-®p. F∂m¬ A∂v `£n-®-Xmb B "hnj-°\n' \sΩC∂pw th -́bm-Sp-∂p. Xn∑-bn-te°v t]mIp-hm≥ AXv C∂pw\sΩ t{]cn-∏n-°p-∂p. CXn-s\√mw ]cn-lmcw IpSpw_ {]m¿∞-\-Iƒ ]c-kv]cw ]¶p-sh-bv°¬ IpSpw-_mw-K-߃ XΩn-ep≈Bi-b-hn-\n-abw h¿≤n-∏n-°¬ F∂n-h-bm-Wv. buΔ\ ImeØvXs‚ krjvSm-hns\ Hm¿Øv ssZh-ln-X-{]-Imcw Pohn-°p-∂-h≥ Xß-fpsS Pohn-X-Imew apgp-h\pw ssZhm-\p-{K-l-Øn¬hkn°psa∂-Xn\p kwi-b-an-√.

]p\¿\n¿Ωn-°-s∏´ tZhm-e-b-Øns‚ Cu ka¿∏-W-th-f-bn¬ Be-b-Øn¬ Z¿in-°p∂ at\m-lm-cn-Xbpw ]cn-ip-≤nbpw buΔ-\-°mcpsS Pohn-X-Ønepw {]tim-̀ n-°s´: AXn\pk¿Δ-i-‡≥ CS-bm-°s´ F∂p {]m¿∞n-°p-∂p.

kmeΩ amXyp]gq¿ ]pØ≥]pc

224

225

aZy-]m\w Hcp tZio-b-hn-]Øv

D]-t`m-K-kw-kvImcw Ac-ßp-X-I¿°p∂ Hcp Ime-L-´-Øneq-sS-bmWv\man∂v IS-∂p-s]m-bvs°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv."B[p-\nIX' C∂p ]e-hn[ sX‰p-I-fnte°pw \sΩ \bn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.Pohn-X-Øn¬ D≠m-Ip∂ k¶o¿Æ{]iv\-߃°v tamN\w tXSn Nnecpw,PohnXw Bkz-Zn-°m≥ th≠n thsd-Nn-ecpw, shdpw IuXp-I-Øn-\p-th≠n a‰p-Nn-ecpw, aZy-Øn-tebv°v As√-¶n¬ ab-°p-a-cp-∂n-te°v Xncn-bp-∂p. elcn ]Zm¿∞-߃ Hcn-°¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®p-I-gn-™m¬ho≠pw D]-tbm-Kn-°-W-sa∂v tXm∂p-IbpwAßs\ AsXm-cp-Xcw am\-knI tcmK-Øn-te°v hy‡nsb \bn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. imco-cn-Ihpw am\-knIhpw [m¿Ωn-I-hp-amb F√m-hn[ Du¿÷-tØbpw aZy-]m\w\in-∏n-°p-Ibpw a\p-jym-bp- ns\ Npcp-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.D∂X ]Z-hn-bn¬ FØn-t®t-c≠ ]e-scbpw CXv hgn-sX-‰n®v\mi-Øn-tebv°v \bn-°p-∂p.-

aZy-]m\w ^mj\pw am\y-X-bp-ambn C∂v bph-X-e-apdIW-°m-°p-∂p. CXv Ah-cpsS ̀ mhn XI¿Øv At\Iw Xn∑-I-fn-te°v Ahsc sIms≠-Øn-°p-∂p. sIme-]m-X-Iw, Bfl-lXy, tamj-Ww, ]nSn-®p-]-dn, ASn-]n-Sn, A{I-aw, kv{XoI-fp-sSbpw Ip´n-I-fp-sSbpw t\¿°p≈ ssItb-‰-߃ Ch-bvs°√mw aZy-]m\w Imc-W-am-Ip-∂p.-Iq-SmsX AXv IpSpw-_-_-‘-߃ XI-cm-dn-em-°p-Ibpw hnhm-l-tam-N-\-Øntebv°v`mcym-̀ ¿Øm-°-∑msc sIms≠-Øn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. \ntXy\F{Xtbm tdmU-]-I-S-߃ D≠m-Ip-Ibpw Bfp-Iƒ acn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. AXn¬ Gdn-b-]¶pw aZy-]m\w sIm≠p-≠m-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv. sIm®p-Ip-´n-Isft∏mepw aZy-]m-\Øn-tebv°pwel-cn-]-Zm¿∞-ß-fpsS D]-tbm-K-Øn-tebv°pw BI¿jn-°m-\p≈ ]e-Xcw am¿§-߃, kaq-l-tØmSv bmsXm-cp-hn[ IS-∏mSpw C√mØ kmaq-ly-t{Zm-ln-Iƒ Bkq-{XWw sNbvXv \S-∏n-em-°p-∂p. el-cn-]-Zm¿∞-߃ tN¿Ø anTm-bn-Iƒ hscC∂v hnZym-e-b-]-cn-k-cØv kpe-̀ -ambn e`n-°p-∂p. Cß-s\-t]m-bm¬ \ΩpsS \mSns‚ KXn F¥m-bn-Øocpw . hfsc Kuc-h-ambn Nn¥n-t°≠ hnj-b-am-Wn-Xv. CS-bv°n-Sbv°v \ΩpsS\m´n¬ hnj-a-Zy -Zp-c-¥-߃ D≠m-Ip-∂p. Ah hcpØnhbv°p∂ ac-W-ßfpw AwK-ssh-I-ey-ßfpw F{X Gsd-bm-Wv. kv{XoIfpw Ip´n-Ifpw A\m-Y-cm-hp-Ibpw ]´n-Wn-bpsS^e-ambn sXcp-hn-tebv°v hen-s®-dn-b-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

temIm-tcm-Ky-kw-L-S-\-bpsS IW-°p-Iƒ {]Imcw F´psk°≥Un¬ Hcmƒ hoXw elcn ]Zm¿∞-ßfpsS D]-tbmKwaqew temIØv acn-°p-∂p. a\p-jys\ C©n-©mbn sIm√p∂Cu hnj-h-kvXp-hns\ \ntcm-[n-°pI Xs∂ thWw. \ΩpsScmjv{S-]n-Xm-hmb alm-flm-Km‘n Hcn-°¬ ]d-bp-I-bp-≠mbn""Rm≥ C≥-Uy-bpsS {][m-\-a-{¥n-bm-bm¬ BZyw sNøp-∂XvaZy-\n-tcm-[\w G¿s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bm-bn-cn-°pw''. aZy-Øns‚ Dev]m-

Z-\-Øn\pw hnX-c-W-Øn\pw I¿i-\-amb \nb-{¥-W-߃ k¿°m¿ G¿s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-́ p-s≠-¶nepw AXv ]q¿Æ-amb aZy \nb-{¥-W-Øn\v]cym-]vX-a-√. \nb-a-߃°v CXns\ \nb-{¥n-°p-∂-Xn\v Nne ]cn-an-Xn-I-fp-≠v. \Ωƒ Xs∂CXn-s\-Xnsc cwK-Øn-d-ßn-bmse Cu im]-Øn¬ \n∂v c£-t\-Sm≥ Ign-bq.

aZy -\n -tcm-[-\-Øn\pw aZy -h¿÷-\-Øn\pw th≠n \nc-¥cw {]h¿Øn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ GXm\pw kwL-S-\-Iƒ tIc-f-Øn-ep-≠v. b»-i-co-c-\mb Fw.-]n. a∑-Ys‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ \S∂ aZy-hn-cp≤ {]h¿Ø-\-߃FSp-Øp-]-d-tb-≠-Xm-Wv. C∂pw AØcw{]h¿Ø-\-߃ ChnsS \S-°p-∂p-≠v.

F¶nepw Imcy-amb am‰w Cu cwK-Øp-≠mbn F∂p ]d-bm-\m-hn-√.-a-Zy-Øn¬ \n∂v kwÿm-\-Øn\p e`n-°p∂ \nIp-Xn-h-cp-am-\hpw aZy-]m-\sØ A\p-Iq-en-°p-∂-h-cpsS ]n≥Xp-Wbpw{]Xo-£n-°p∂ cmjv{Sob I£n-Iƒ aZy-hn-cp-≤-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fp-ambn kl-I-cn-°p-hm≥ hnap-JX Im´p-∂p. ""F¥p kmº-ØnI \jvS-ap-≠m-bmepw aZyw \ntcm--[n-°pI Xs∂ thWw''F∂p {]Jym-]n® ap≥ {][m-\-a{¥n Ph-l¿em¬ s\ldp-hn-s‚bpw ""aZyw hnj-amWv AXv D≠m-°-cpXv IpSn-°-cpXvsImSp°-cpXv'' F∂p ]d™ {io \mcm-b-W-Kp-cp-hn-s‚bpw\mSm-Wn-Xv.

aZy-]m\w F∂ sImSnb hn]-Øn-s\-Xnsc t]mcm-Sp-hm≥k`bv°pw AwK-߃°pw DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw D≠v. 2010 sabv19 \v IqSnb bmt°m-_mb kpdnbm\n k -̀bpsS F∏n-kvt°m-∏¬ kp∂-l-tZmkv aZy D]-tbmKw Kpcp-X-c-amb {]iv\-ambnIW-°m-°p-Ibpw CXn-s\-Xn-cmb {]h¿Ø-\-ßsf GtIm-]n-∏n-°p-hm≥ A`n-hμy kJ-dn-bmkv tam¿ ]oen-Ivkn-t\mkv Xncp-ta\n A≤y-£-\mb Hcp kanXnsb sXc-s™-Sp-°p-IbpwsNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p. k -̀bnse Htcm hy‡n°pw CXn-t\mSv kl-I-cn®p {]h¿Øn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. aZy-]m\w aqew \mSn\pw Xe-ap-dbv°pw D≠m-Ip∂ A]-I-S-ßsf∏‰n P\-ßsf t_m[-hm-∑m-cm-°p-I, aZyw hnX-bv°p∂ Zpc-¥-ß-fpsS Ic-f-en-bn-∏n-°p∂ IY-Iƒ temI-Øn\p ap≥]n¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°pI, ico-c-tØbpw a\- n-t\bpw Nn¥-I-sfbpw Im¿∂p-Xn∂p \in-∏n-°p∂ aZy-sa∂ alm-hn-]-Øns\ Xncn-®-dn™v AI‰n \n¿Øm≥Ip´n-I-tfbpw bph-P-\-ß-tfbpw hen-b-h-tcbpw t{]cn-∏n-°pICh-bmWv k`m {]h¿Ø\ e£yw.

hn. {KŸ-Øn¬ aZyw Ign®v aØp ]nSn®v Dd-ßp-∂-h≥Iod-ØpWn [cn-°pw; aZyw ]mºn-s\bpw AW-en-sbbpw t]mse\ns∂ ISn°pw Fs∂-gp-Xn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Rm≥ Hcn-°epw aZy-]n-°n-√ F∂p {]Xn⁄ sNøm≥ \ap°v Ign-b-Ww. t]mcmaZy-]n-°m≥ Bscbpw t{]cn-∏n-°p-Itbm AXn-\p≈ Ah-kcwD≠m-°ns°mSp-°p-Itbm AcpXv. aZy-hn-ap‡ \mtf-bv°mbn\ap°v ImØn-cn-°mw.

alna kqk≥ h¿Ko-kvIWn-bm-´p-Im-em-bn¬

226

227

k¿Δ-i-‡-\mb ssZh-hp-am-bp≈ kwk¿§-amWv {]m¿∞-\.

kz¿§-Ønse amem-J-am¿ CS-hn-SmsX ssZhsØ kvXpXn-°p-∂-Xp-

t]mse \mapw ssZhsØ kvXpXn-°-Ww. \ΩpsS Bfl-c-£bv°pw

ico-c-Øns‚ hf¿®bv°pw Bh-iy-amb Imcy-߃ \mw ssZh-Øn¬

\n∂pw tNmZn®p hmß-Ww. IqSmsX ssZhw \ap°v \¬In-bn-́ p≈

\≥a-Iƒ°v ssZh-Øn\v \μn-]q¿Δw kvtXm{Xw sNø-Ww. AXm-

bXv \ΩpsS {]m¿∞-\-bn¬ kvXpXn-∏v, bmN-\. kvtXm{Xw F∂o

aq∂p Imcy-߃ D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. F∂m¬ ]e-t∏mgpw \ΩpsS

{]m¿∞-\-bn¬ ]cn-̀ -h-ßfpw Bh-em-Xn-Ifpw am{Xta D≠m-Im-dp-≈q.

]co-£-bn¬ AI-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°m≥ CS-hnSmsX{]m¿∞n-∏n≥ F∂v hn.-

a¿t°mkv 14:38 ¬ ]d-bp-∂p. hn. aØm-bn-bpsS kphn-tijw 6:6 ¬

""\otbm {]m¿∞n-°p-tºmƒ Ad-bn¬ IS∂v hmXn¬ AS®v cl-ky-

Øn-ep≈ \ns‚ ]nXm-hn-t\mSv {]m¿∞n-t°-Ww'' F∂v ]d-bp-∂p.

ct≠m aqt∂m t]¿ Fs‚ \ma-Øn¬ IqSn hcp-t∂-S-sØm-s°bpw

Rm≥ Ah-cpsS \Sp-hn¬ D≠v F∂ hN-\-Øn-eqsS {]m¿∞\

tIƒ°p∂ ssZhsØ \mw ImWp-∂p. \ΩpsS {]m¿∞\ Fß-s\-

bp-≈-XmWv ? kz¿§-tØ°v t\m°m≥ t]mepw Ign-bmsX ssZh-ta,

]m]n-bmb Ft∂mSv Icp-W-bp-≠m-tI-Wta F∂v amd-Ø-Sn®v \ne-

hn-fn®v {]¿∞n® Np¶-°m-c-t‚Xv t]msetbm? AtXm [n°m-cn-bmb

B ]co-i-t‚Xv t]msetbm? \ΩpsS {]m¿∞\ ssZh-Xn-cp-hn-jvS-

Øn\v hn´p-sIm-Sp-Øp-sIm-≠p≈hbm-bn-cn-t°-Ww.

Henhv ae-bnse B {]m¿∞-\-bn¬ \ΩpsS I¿Ømhv {]m¿∞n-

®X,v ]nXm-sh \n\°v a\- p-s≠-¶n¬ Cu ]m\-]m{Xw F¶¬ \n∂v

\ot°-Wta F¶nepw Fs‚ CjvSw A√ \ns‚ CjvSw Xs∂

BIs´ F∂m-Wv. \Ωn¬ F{X t]¿°v \sΩ t{Zmln-°p-∂-h¿°p-

th≠n {]m¿∞n-°p-hm≥ Ignbpw? hn. eqt°m-kns‚ kphn-tijw

23 s‚ 33 ¬ tKmKp¬Ym-bnse {Iqin¬ h®v ]nXmth Ch¿ sNøp-

∂Xv C∂Xv F∂v Adn-bmbvI sIm≠v Ch-tcmSv £an-t°-Wta F∂v

{]m¿∞n-°p∂ tbip {InkvXp-hns\ BWv \mw ImWp-∂-Xv. \n߃

hniz-kn-®p-sIm-≠v{]m¿∞-\-bn¬ F¥v bmNn-®mepw \n߃°v

e`n°pw F∂v hn. aØm-bn-bpsS kphn-tijw 21˛s‚ 22˛¬

]d-bp∂p. \mw \ap°v th≠n am{X-a√ {]m¿∞n-t°-≠-Xv. \sΩ

kvt\ln-°p-∂-h¿°v th≠n-bpw, a‰p-≈-h¿°p th≠nbpw \ΩpsS

i{Xp-°ƒ°v th≠nbpw \mw {]m¿∞n-°-Ww -A-Xn-\p≈ ssZhnI

Ir]-°mbn {]m¿∞n-®p-sIm≠v \n¿Ø-s´.

{]m¿∞\

B≥en A∂ Ipcy≥If-Øp-]-Sn-°¬

\mw \ap°v th≠nam{X-a√ {]m¿∞n-t°-≠-Xv. \sΩ kvt\ln-°p-∂-h¿°v th≠n-bpw,a‰p-≈-h¿°p th≠nbpw\ΩpsS i{Xp-°ƒ°vth≠nbpw \mw {]m¿∞n-°-Ww.

AJne ae-¶c

_me Item-Xvk-h-Øn¬ H∂mw

ÿm\w ({]-kwKw˛k_v PqWn-b¿)

228

]pØ≥]p-c-bn¬

229

Bfl-KXw

Rm≥ \nßsS hey-Ω®n

C.-Fw. t__namt∏m-Sn-°¬

Fs∂ \n߃ Adn-bptam? Adn-bpw. \n߃ am{X-a√ ˛ \nß-sS ]nXm-°-∑m¿, amXm-°ƒ, ktlm-Z-c-߃˛ Ah¿ am{X-tam˛ A√, a¨a-d-™p-t]mb\nß-sS ]q¿Δn-I¿, Ah¿s°√mw Fs∂ Adn-bmw. F\n°v Ahscbpw \√Hm¿Ω-bm-Wv. Ct∏mƒ a\- n-emtbm, F√m-h¿°pw aptº Rm≥ D≠v F∂v.Rm≥ Bsc∂v a\- n-emtbm? Cs√-¶n¬ hgntb ]d™p Xcmw.

Rm≥ \nß-sS ap‰Øv h∂-t∏mƒ Hcp sIm®p-Ip-́ n-bm-bn-cp-∂p. \mWn®pXe Ip\n-®p-\n∂ Hcp sIm®p-kp-μ-cn. \mW-sa-¥m-sW∂v F\n-°-dn-bn-√m-bn-cp-∂p. F¶nepw Rm≥ \mWn-®mWv A∂v \n∂Xv. \nß-sS hey-∏-∑m¿- F-\ns°mcpÿm\w X∂p. ]cn-ip≤ AΩsb _men-I-bm-bn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ sbcp-itew tZhm-e-b-Øn¬ hf¿Øm≥ sIm≠m-°n-bXv Rm\-t∏mƒ Hm¿Øp-t]m-bn. ]n∂oSv F\n°va\- n-embn AΩ 12 hb- p-h-sc-bm-bn-cp∂p tZhm-e-b-Øn¬ hf¿∂-sX∂v.F\n°pw 12 hb- m-Ip-tºmƒ Fs∂bpw ]d™p hnSp-sa∂v Rm≥ Icp-Xn.

]t£, Hc-∏-®-\pw, Hc-Ω-®nbpw Ft∂m-sSm∂pw ]cn-̀ -hn-®n-√. AXp-sIm≠vRm≥ Ahn-sS-Øs∂ hf¿∂p h∂p. _meyw Ign-™p, Iuamcw Ign-™p-̨ -Rm-s\mcp kpμ-cn-bm-sW∂v F√m A∏-®-∑mcpw ]d-bp-∂Xp Rm≥ tI´p.-Fs‚ kuμ-cy-Øn¬ Akqb sIm≠n-́ mtWm, Ft¥m Hcn-°¬ Fs‚ apJw hncq-]-am-°n-bns√? AsX-t∏m-sg-∂t√? AXpw Rm≥ hgnsb ]d-bmw.

F\n-°-dnbmw \nß-sSsb√mw hey-Ω®n lΔm-bm-sW-∂v, hey-∏-®≥ BZm-am-sW-∂pw. CsX√mw Rms\-ßs\ Adn™p F∂-s√. \n߃ \nß-sS sIm®p-a-°ƒ°v sNm√n-s°m-Sp-°p∂ ]m -́s√, AsX√mw Rm≥ tI´p ]Tn-®-Xm-Wv. ]ns∂\nß-fpsS hoSpw, ho´nse sIm®p-sIm-®p-Im-cy-ßfpw, \nß-fpsS Imcy-ßfpwF√mw F\n-°-dn-bmw. Hcp \qdp-\qdp IY-Iƒ F\n-°-dn-bmw. CsX√mw F\n-s°-ßs\ a\- n-embn As√, Ct∏m-gsØ \nß-sfms° P\n-°p-∂-Xn\p ap≥t]Rm≥ Cu ]≈n-bn¬ FØn-b-Xm-Wv. F\n-°n-t∏mƒ hbkv 91 Dw Ign-™p.

C{Xbpw Imew-sIm≠v Rms\-s¥√mw I≠p, tI´p, sIm≠p. F√m-hcpwFs∂ ap´n-bp-cp-Ωn-bs√ \n∂-Xv. AsX-\n-s°-¥n-jvS-am-bn-cp-s∂t∂m? F∂pwAßs\ \n¬°m≥ km[n-®n-cp-s∂-¶n¬ ˛ shdpsX Rm≥ Bin-®n´p Imcy-an-√-s√m.

Cu \mfn-emWv Fs‚ ImXp-Iƒ°n-º-a-√mØ hm¿Ø Rm≥ tI´-Xv.C{Xbpw {]mb-ambn-s√. Fs‚ kuμcyw Ipsd-sbms° sI´p-t]m-bn-s√. sXmen-sbms° Npfn-™n-s√. kmc-an-√. F√mcpw Cß-s\-sbm-s°-bm-Ip-a-t√m. BZysØ\nß-fpsS ]≈n Hcp Ip™p-]-≈n-b-√m-bn-cp-t∂m. ]n∂o-S-s√, Ipd-®p-IqSn henb]≈n ]Wn-X-Xv. As∂m∂pw Bcp-sas∂ Zqsc ]mbn-°m≥ a\kpsh®n-√.Ct∏mƒ \n߃ henb Bebw ]Wn-Xns√. Be-b-Øns‚ ̀ wKn°v Rm\n-s∂mcphne-ßp-X-Sn-bm-sW∂v F\n°v t_m[y-am-bn. Nne-scms° Fs∂ Nmcn\n∂psIm≠v Fs∂ sh´n-ho-gvØ-W-sa∂v ]d-™-t∏mƒ Rms\m-∂-‘m-fn-®p.-ap-ºm-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ Rm\Xp kΩ-Xn-°n-√m-bn-cp-∂p. \n߃ Hm¿°p-∂p-t≠m,

\nßsS hoSpw, ho´nsesIm®p-sIm-®p-Im-cy-ßfpw, \nßsS Imcy-ßfpw F√mw F\n-°-dn-bmw. Hcp \qdp-\qdp IY-Iƒ F\n-°-dn-bmw.

230

231

Hcn-°¬ Hc-∏-®≥ Fs‚ kuμcyw sNdp-Xm-°m≥ {ian-®Xv.Cs√-¶n¬ Rmt\m¿°p-∂p≠v. Fs∂ Iptds» Acn-™-cn™v Xmsg-bn-d-°n-b-t∏mƒ F\n-°Xp kln-®n-√.-Fs‚lrZbw s\m¥-t∏mƒ Rms\mcp]mbw sNbvX-t√m. BA∏-®s\ Rms\m-∂p-e®p Xmsg-bn-́ p. ]n∂o-SmWv Rm\-dn-™Xv, A∏-®s‚ ssI c≠pw HSn-s™∂v. AX-dn-™-t∏mƒ Rm≥ Ic™v Ic™v he-™p. Fs‚ a\ p hfscthZ-\n-®p. Hc-cn-i-Øn\v Rm\-ßs\ sNbvX-Xm-Wv. ]n∂oSvRmt\m¿Øp ""{]Xn-Im-cw F\n-°p-≈-X-√-t√m, ssZh-Øn-\p-≈-Xm-sW-∂v''. A√, \Ω-fmcm {]Xn-Im-cw-sN-øm≥. Fs‚Pohn-X-Øn¬ thZ\ sImSpØ Hcp kw -̀h-am-bn-cp∂p AXv.F∂mepw Rms\s‚ AΩ-tbmSp {]m¿∞n-®p. AΩ BA∏-®s\ s] -́∂p-Xs∂ kpJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-t√m. ]n∂oSv F{X-h´w B A∏-®≥ Fs‚ ASp-sØØn Ipiew ]d-™p.sIm®p-a-°ƒs°{X-sb{X IY-Iƒ ]d-™p-sIm-Sp-Øp.F√mw Rm\-dn-™p. Aßs\ Fs‚ hnjasa√mw amdn.

Fs∂ thZ-\n-∏n® Hcp kw`hw IqSn ]d-sb-s´.\nß-fpsS Hc-®≥ Fs‚ Hcp hiw, AXpw he-Xp-hiwsNØn Fs∂ hncq-]n-bm-°n-bn-s√. F¥m-bn-cp∂p ImcWw?Iptd-t∏¿ Ft∂mSp ap´n-\n∂v Im‰p-sIm-≈p-∂p. AXpwBcm-[-\m-k-a-bØv. F∂mepw Ah-scms° Ipcnip hc®v{]m¿∞n-®Xv Rm\pw I≠p. A®\pw I≠p. AXv A®≥]d-™n-s√, Fs‚ XWepw km¥z-\hpw Fs‚ a°ƒ°vIn´msX h∂-t∏mƒ, Fs‚ a°sf Hm¿Øv Rms\{X IÆo-scm-gp-°n. Fs‚ XW-en¬, Fs‚ \ng-en¬, Fs‚ Nph-´n¬ Fs{X-sb-{X-t∏¿ HØp-tN¿∂p F{X-sb{X Btem-N-\-Iƒ \S-Øn. F√mw th≠n-bn-cp-t∂m, Ft¥m?

F\n-°-dnbmw \nß-sf√mw At¥m-Jym-bpsS a°-fm-sW-∂v. k`bv°v Xe-h-\t√ ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kv. c‡wNo¥n-bmepw as‰mcp \maw \n߃°n-√-t√m. AXp-sIm-≠-t√, Hcp-\mƒ, A√ Ipsd-\mƒ, B tZ-hm-e-b- hmXn¬ AS-™p-In-S-∂-Xv. A∂v Ic-s™s‚ IÆo-cp-h-‰n. ]n∂oSv *t{K‰vam¿®v h∂-t∏m-gs√ B hmXn¬ Xms\ Xpd-∂-Xv. Fs‚IÆo-cn\v ^e-ap-s≠∂v a\- n-em-bn.-]n-∂oSv B hmXn¬Xpd-∂s√ InS-∂-Xv. C\n-bp-aXv ASbv-°-cptX˛ Fs∂ Ic-bn-°-s√. Rm\n-hn-sS-Øs∂bp≠-t√m.

F{X-sb{X Xo¿∞m-S-I-cmWv h¿jw tXmdpw 2˛mwamkw Chn-sS-sb-Øp-∂-Xv. Rm≥ a™-\n-°-c-_m-hm-bpsSkz¥-a-s√. Ah-sc√mw Fs∂ hew hbv°p-tºmƒ Rm≥\n¿hrXn ]qIm-dp≠v. F¥m-sW-∂t√? Ah-cpsS a\ pwtZlhpw ip≤-as√? AsX-ßs\? Ahcv _mhm-bpsSkz¥w P\-a-s√. F{Xtbm h¿j-߃ Ah¿ Ft∂m-sSm-∏-as√ B {im≤-Øn¬ ]¶p-sIm-≠-Xv. Ct∏mƒ F\n-t°sdkt¥m-j-amWv Fs¥-∂s√? hb¿ \nd-®n-́ t√ F√m-hcpwFs‚bSp-sØ-Øp-∂-Xv. ]ns∂ Fs¥√mw Ipi-e-߃ ˛At\z-j-W-߃.

Cßs\ Hmtcm-t∂m¿Øv Rms\m-Øncn ]dt™m?Rms\mcp hmbm-Sn-bm-sW∂v tXm∂ntbm? C√t√m?

* 1975 se At¥ymJym hnizmk kwc-£W am¿®v

** sP.-kn.-_n. b{¥w

Ct∏mƒ F\n-°m-izmkw tXm∂p-∂p. Fs¥-∂-s√. F√m-hcpw Fs‚ {]m¿∞\ tI´p. \nß-sS ]e A®-∑mcpw {]kw-Kn-®n-t√˛ ChnsS h∂-t∏m-fmWv Pohn-X-Ønse F√m Db¿®-Ifpw In´n-b-sX-∂v, AXp-t]mse F\n°pw In´n-bt√mDb¿®, AsX-¥-∂s√?

Xe-bn¬ sh®m¬ t]\-cn-°pw, Xmsg sh®m¬ Ddp-º-cn°pw Aß-s\-b-s√, \n߃ Fs∂ hf¿Øn-b-Xv. AXp-sIm-≠-s√˛ ssIØ-≠-bn¬ sh®v Fs∂ am‰n-b-Xv. HcpZnhkw Fs∂ Btcm i‡-ambn CSn-®-Xp-t]mse tXm∂n.Rm≥ Dd-°-ap-W¿∂p t\m°n. At∏m-gs√ I≠-Xv, **\o≠Hcp Ccp-ºpssI Fs‚ t\sc \o≠p hcp∂p. \nß-fn¬Nne¿ B¿t∏m B¿t∏m F∂p hnfn-°p-∂Xp Rm≥ tI´p.B ssI Fs∂ Xmßn-tIm-cn-sb-Sp-Øp. Rm\msI tImcn-Ø-cn-®p. \nan-j-t\cw sIm≠v Rms\mcp Pe-I-\yI t]mse-bm-bn. DΩ-sh-®p-Ω-sh®v Fs∂ kz¬]w AIse am‰n-bn-´n-s√.-Nn-e-scms° Fs‚ ta¬ Ib-dn-bn-cp∂v £oWw t]m-°n-bn-s√.-F-∂n´pw Fs∂ kt¥m-jn-∏n-®-sX-¥m-sWt∂m?Fs∂ Iodp-sa-∂mtcm ]d-™p. ]t£, Rm≥ s\mº-c-s∏-´n-√. ]nS-™n-√. F¥m ImcWw? Fs∂ C\n B tZhm-e-b-Øn-\p-≈n-em-°p-I-b-s√. shbnep sIm≈-≠, ag \\-b-≠, CSn-tb¬°-≠, sIm≈n-bms\ `b-°-≠, C\nbpwRm≥ D]-Imcw sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cn-°pw. Fs∂ F{X ]oUn-∏n-®mepw Rm≥ D]-Imcw sNbvXp sIm≠n-cn-°pw. AsX-ß-s\? \n߃°n\n Fs∂ Nmcn Ccn-°m-a-t√m. ap´p-th-Z-\-°m¿°v Fs∂ ap´n-bn-cn-°mw.-\-Sp-th-Z-\-°m¿°v Fs‚\Sp-hn-en-cn-°mw.- £o-W-ap≈ \n߃°v Fs‚ aSn-bn-en-cp∂v£oW-a-I-‰mw. AsX-ß-s\ ? Rm\n\n ]≈n-°p-≈n-es√AI-Øp-\n∂v F\n°v \nß-fpsS A®-t\w, sa{Xm-®-t\w,]ns∂ \nß-sf-sb-√mtcw ImWm-a-t√m. Fßs\sbt∂m?Fs‚ Ct∏m-g-sØ-cq]w amdpw]pXnb krjvSn -bm -Ipw.At∏mƒ \Ωƒ°v apJm-apJwImWmw. an\p-an-\pØv kpμ-cn-bmbn Rm≥ \n߃°mbnImØn-cn-°mw. Rms\{X [\y-hXn? Rms\{X `mKy-hXn?

Fs‚ Bfl-kv]¿iwRm\n-hnsS \n¿Øn-t°m-s´.Ct∏mƒ \n߃s°s∂ a\- n-emtbm? Ct√? Cs√-¶n¬]dbmw. Rm\s√ \nß-sS]≈n-ap-‰sØ AΩ-®n-πm-hv˛\nß-sSsb√mw hey-Ω-®n.

Fs∂ Hcp -t\m°vImWm≥, Adn-bm≥, Zm Rm≥Chn-sS-bp-≠v.˛

www.stmaryschurchneelimangalam.com

232

am¿§-Z¿in-I-fmb ]q¿Δ-]n-Xm-°-∑msc \μn-tbmsS

kvacn-®p-sIm≠v ....

t{XmtWm-kn¬ \nt£-]n-®n-cp∂

sh≈n-sN∏v

(Ip-¥n-cn-°hpw kpK-‘-{Z-hyß-fpw

AS-ßn-bXv)

233

..... C\n Hm¿Ω-I-fn¬.

234

235

tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmWw:

hn`h kam-l-c-Whpw hn\n-tbm-Khpw

tZhm-e-b-Øn\v \¬Ip∂ kvtXm{X-ImgvN, hy‡n-I-fpsSkºq¿Æ Bfl-k-a¿∏-WØns‚ kqN-\bpw- \sΩ ]q¿Æ-ambnka¿∏n-°p-∂-XpamWv. tZhm-e-b- \n¿Ωm-W-Øn\v kw`m-h\\evIp-tºmƒ ssZh-Øn\v \mw t\cn v́ ImgvN sImSp-°pI-bm-Wv.AXp-sIm-≠mWv tZhm-eb \n¿Ωm-W-Øn\v DZm-c-ambn \mw kw`m-h\ \evIp-∂-Xv. tZhm-ebØnte°v \¬Ip∂ Hmtcm t\¿®bpw{]hrØn-bn-eq-sS-bp≈ \ΩpsS Bcm-[-\-bm-Wv. AXp IqSm-sX-bp≈ Bcm-[-\ hy¿∞hpw ipjvI-hp-am-Wv. ssZhn-I-amb Cuam\w a\- n-em-°p-∂Xp sIm≠mWv tZhm-e-b-Øn-te°v\mtahcpw t\¿®-Im-gvN-Iƒ ka¿∏n-°p-∂-Xv.- A-Xp-hgn ssZhnIA\p-{K-l-߃ \ΩpsS ta¬ Xo¿®-bmbpw sNmcn-b-s∏-Spw.

tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿Ωm-W-Øns‚ Bcw-̀ -Imeamb 2006 P\p-hcn H∂p apX¬ 2010 \hw-º¿ 30 hsc-bp≈ hc-hp˛ sNehpIW-°p-I-fpsS kw{Klw CtXm-sSm∏w tN¿°p-∂p.

01. 01. 2006 apX¬ HmUn‰v sNbvX ss{Xamk IW-°p-IƒtZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW IΩ-‰n-bp-sSbpw ]≈n amt\-PnwKv IΩ-‰n-bp-sSbpw ip]m¿i-I-tfmsS Imem-Im-e-ß-fn¬ IqSnb ]≈ns]mXp-tbm-K-߃ AwKo-I-cn-®n-́ p-≈-Xm-Wv. 2010 Unkw-_¿ 12˛mwXobXn Rmb-dmgvN IqSnb ]≈n s]mXp-tbmKw 01.01. 2006 ap-X¬ 30. 11. 2010 hsc 1,36,87,722/˛ cq]m hchpw 1,36,80,216/30 cq]msNehpw 7505/70 cq]m \o°n _m°nbpw D≈ hc-hp˛ sNehpIW°v AwKo-I-cn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.

tIm¨{Sm-IvS¿am¿°pw ÿm]-\-߃°pw _n¬{]-Imcw_m°n \¬Ip-hm-\p≈ XpI-bmb 6,35,000 cq]m IqSn ]≈n-bpsSkmº-ØnI _m≤y-X-bmbn IW-°n-se-SpØv BsI \n¿ΩmWsNehp 1,42,00,000/˛ cq]-bm-Wv.

ap≥ s]mXp-tbm-K-߃ AwKo-I-cn® FÃn-ta-‰n-t\-°mƒA[n-I-cn® XpI-Iƒ°v 12˛12˛2010¬ IqSnb s]mXp-tbmKw AwKo-Imcw \evIp-I-bp-≠m-bn. \n¿ΩmW hkvXp-I-fpsS (kn-a‚ v, Iºn,aW¬, apX-em-b-h-bpsS ) hne-h¿≤-\hv aqehpw KpW-ta∑ IqSnbkma-{Kn-Iƒ a‰p tPmen-Iƒ°v (C-e-Iv{Sn-°¬, koenw-Kv, ̂ vtfmdnwKvapX-em-b-h-bv°v) D]-tbm-Kn-®-Xp-sIm≠pw apJm-c-Øns‚ πm\n¬hcp-Ønb t`Z-KXn sIm≠pw BWv FÃn-ta‰v XpI- h¿≤n-°m≥CS-bm-b-Xv.

tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmWw A\p-Kr-lo-X-ambn ]q¿Øn-bm-°n-b-t∏mƒ ]≈n-bpsS kmº-ØnI _m≤yX \mfn-Xp-hsc Xmsghnh-cn-®n-cn-°p∂ {]Im-c-am-Wv.

sI. sI. sF∏v Icn-∏m¬ss^\m≥kv IΩ‰n

I¨ho-\¿

tZhm-ebØnte°v\¬Ip∂ Hmtcm t\¿®bpw{]hrØn-bn-eq-sS-bp≈\ΩpsS Bcm-[-\-bm-Wv.AXp IqSm-sX-bp≈Bcm-[-\ hy¿∞hpwipjvI-hp-am-Wv.

236

CS-h-I-bpsS am¿§-Z¿in

237

tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW ^≠v kam-l-c-W-Øn¬ Bflm¿∞-ambn kl-I-cn® amt\-PnwKvIΩ-‰n-bw-K-߃°pw tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW IΩ-‰n-bw-K-߃°pw hninjym ss^\m≥kv IΩ-‰n-bw-K-߃°pw \μn Adn-bn-°p-∂p. Aev]-amtbm A[n-I-amtbm kw`m-h-\-Iƒ \¬In kl-I-cn®F√m-h¿°pw \μn {]Im-in-∏n°p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w Gh-scbpw k¿Δ-i-‡-\mb ssZhw kar-≤-ambnA\p-{K-ln-°s´ F∂v {]m¿∞n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW IΩ-‰n-°p-th≠n,

sI. sI.-sF∏v Icn-∏m¬ss^\m≥kv IΩ‰n I¨ho-\¿

{]kvXpX kmº-ØnI _m≤yX ap≥K-W-\m-{I-a-Øn¬ 2013 am¿®v 31˛mw Xob-Xn°v ap≥]mbnsImSpØv Xo¿°p-∂-Xn\v Xmsg hnh-cn-°p∂ {]Imcw ^≠v kam-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v 12.12 2010 ¬IqSnb]≈n s]mXp-tbmKw AwKo-Imcw \¬Ip-I-bp-≠m-bn.

1. {Kmss\‰v hne (_m-e≥kv sImSp-°m-\p-≈-Xv) 1,65,000

2. sÃbn≥Uv •m v h¿°v 4,70,000

3. hy‡n hmbv] (XncnsI sImSp-°p-hm-\p-≈Xv)

(a) CS-hImwK߃°v 28,30,000

(b) CS-h-Imw-K-ß-√m-Ø-h¿°v 7,50,000

4. kz¿Æ-]-Wb hmbv] XncnsI 3,00,000

BsI 45,15,000

XpI ( )C\w

1. tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW {]tXyI amk-hcn 22,15,000

2. s_\n-̂ n‰v kvIow I 2,00,000

3. s_\n-̂ n‰v kvIow II 2,00,000

4. tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW hmKvZm\ hnlnXw 5,00,000

5. ]≈n hcp-am\w 2010 ˛ 2011 300000

2011 ˛ 2012 500000

2012 ˛ 2013 600000 14,00,000

BsI 45,15,000

XpI ( )C\w

238

]≈n ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS

(01˛01˛ 2006 apX¬

\º¿ hchv XpI

1. kw`m-h\ ˛ (C-S-h-Imw-K-ß-fn¬ \n∂v) 6037227.00

2. kw`m-h\ ˛ (C-S-h-Imw-K-ß-f-√m-Ø-h-cn¬ \n∂v) 2035596.00

3. ]≈n-bn¬ \n∂p≈ hchv 697000.00

4. hy‡n hmbv] (C-S-h-Imw-ß-fn¬ \n∂v) 2930000.00

5. hy‡n hmbv] (C-S-h-Imw-ß-f√m-Ø-h-cn¬ \n∂v) 760000.00

6. kz¿Æ ]Wb hmbv] 300000.00

7. kw`m-h-\ -Iq-∏¨hchv (a-™-\n-°c Xo¿∞m-S-I¿) 93300.00

8. s_\n-̂ n‰v kvIoan¬ \n∂v hchv 200000.00

9. Zn\-∏{X kπn-sa‚ v C\-Øn¬ hchv (]-ckyw hgn) 179000.00

10. tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW {]tXyI amk-hcn hchv 328900.00

11. _m¶v ]eni hchv 58483.00

12. ]e-hI hchv 68216.00

12.12 2010 ¬ IqSnb ]≈n s]mXp-tbmKw AwKo-I-cn-®Xv

239

hchp ˛ sNehp IW-°ns‚ kw£n]vXw

30˛11˛ 2010 hsc)

\º¿ sNehv XpI

1. πm≥ & ssk‰v πm≥ 29344.00

2. inem-ÿm-]-\hpw A\p-_-‘-sN-e-hp-Ifpw 33038.75

3. Ão¬ 1236631.18

4. kna‚ v 963748.00

5. am\p-̂ m-IvtN¿Uv km≥Uv (M - Sand ) 443310.00

6. B‰p-a-W¬ 344700.00

7. CjvSnI (Np-Sp-I-́ ) 340080.00

8. t_kvsa‚ v ^n√nw-Kn-\p≈ aÆv (temdn hmSI Dƒs∏-sS) 59450.00

9. Ão¬ ta¬°qc (Truss) 503973.00

10. dq^nwKv jo‰v (Km¬hm-\nbw jo‰v) 228443.00

11. XSn-hn-e-bpw ]Wn-°q-enbpw 1194001.00

12. sa‰¬, tIm¨{Io‰v I´n-f, kna‚ v I´ apX-em-bh 628481.50

13. Ce-Iv{Sn-°¬kv sF‰wkv 442241.78

14. CSn-an-∂¬ c£m-Nm-eIw 94000.00

15. πw_nwKv & km\n-́ dn sF‰wkv 126805.00

16. ]n. hn. kn. koenwKv 364100.00

17. v̂tfmdnwKv {Kmss\‰v (Polished) 800000.00

18. {Kmss\‰v tebnwKv Nm¿Pv 372000.00

19. Ão¬ sdbn-enwKvkv 262850.00

20. Aep-an-\nbw hn≥tUm s{^bnwkv 75000.00

21. ImÃv Ab¨ {Kn¬kv 40877.00

22. _mw•q¿ tÃm¨ ]Xn-∏n-°¬ hnebpw te_¿Nm¿Ppw 30000.00

23. I¬°p-cniv 145750.00

24. s]bn‚nwKv & ssh‰v hmjnwKv 407470.09

25. sÃbn≥Uv •m v h¿°vkv & t^mt´mkv 211000.00

(Contd.)

240

\º¿ hchv XpI

]≈n ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS

(01˛01˛ 2006 apX¬

BsI hchv 13687722.00

12.12 2010 ¬ IqSnb ]≈n s]mXp-tbmKw AwKo-I-cn-®Xv

241

\º¿ sNehv XpI

26. tIm¨{Sm-IvS¿ {io. F. B¬_¿´n\v sImSp-Ø-Xv

(-te-_¿ Nm¿÷v Icm¿ {]Im-cw) 2151291.0027. Icm-dn-Xc te_¿Nm¿Pv 283590.5028. tet_tdgvkv ho´phm-SI, Id‚ v Nm¿÷v 57894.0029. aZv_-lm-bnse Ae-¶m-c-]-Wn-Iƒ 235500.0030. F≥Pn-\n-b-dnwKv I¨k¬´≥kn Nm¿Pp-Iƒ

1. Iam≥≠¿ kt¥mjv tPm¨ B¿°n-sSIv‰v 50000.002. {io. kp\n¬ sI. tPmkv, knhn¬ F≥Pn-\n-b¿ 41000.003. s{]m^. ]n. hn. h¿°n Ce-Iv{Sn-°¬ F≥Pn-\n-b¿ 12000.00

31. HmUntbm knÃwkv 185000.0032. t]mfn s{]m∏-sse≥ v̂tfm¿ Im¿∏‰v 131478.0033. em≥Uv kvtI∏nw-Kv, InW¿ \ho-I-cWw apX-em-bh 154961.0034. Bcm-[\m D]-I-c-W-߃ 168685.0035. {]n‚nwKv 37659.5036. tÃj-\dn 3268.9037. bm{XmsNehv (B¿°n-sS-Iv‰v) 17900.0038. bm{Xm-sN-ehv 24722.0039. ]{X-k-πn-sa‚p-Iƒ 178680.0040. tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW IqZmi ]_vfn-kn‰n sNe-hp-Iƒ 73052.0041. emU¿ 10000.0042. ]e-hI sNehv 365922.1043. hy‡n hmbvN XncnsI (]-eni Dƒs∏-sS) 115531.0044. _m¶v Nm¿÷v 4787.0045. _m¶v _me≥kv ImØ-enIv kndn-b≥ _m¶v, Ipam-c-s\-√q¿ 1256.6446. _m¶v _me≥kv Fkv. _n. ‰n. Ipam-c-s\-√q¿ 6245.5247. Imjv _me≥kv 3.54 7505.70

hchp ˛ sNehp IW-°ns‚ kw£n]vXw

30˛11˛ 2010 hsc)

BsI sNehv 13687722.00

242

A. tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW {]h¿Ø-\-߃°v

kw`m-h\ \¬In-b-h-cpsS enÃv

I. CS-h-Imw-K-߃ (kvt]m¨k¿ sNbvX C\-ß-fpsS XpI Dƒs∏-sS)

1 sI. Fw. Ipcy≥, Icn-∏m¬ 2,16,5002 ]n. Fw. amXyp ]gq¿ ]pØ≥]pc 2,07,7503 shcn. dh. Cu∏≥ tImsd-∏n-kvtIm-∏m,

Cug-am-en-bn¬ 2,00,0014 ]n. Fw. h¿°n, ]gq¿ Ing-t°-Xn¬ 1,80,0005 cmP≥ kmw, ASp-ap-dn-bn¬ 1,66,0006 G{_lmw Nmt°m, cma-\m-́ p-X-d-bn¬ 1,39,7507 Cu∏≥ Nmt°m, Cug-am-en-bn¬ 1,31,0008 timimΩ h¿Ko-kv, πm]-d-ºn¬ 1,26,0009 sI. sI. tPmk-̂ v, If¿a-‰-Øn¬ 1,21,66510 sI. F. cmPp, sIm√≥In-g-t°-Xn¬ 1,10,01111 sI. kn. Nmt°m, I≠w-sI-́ n-b-Xn¬ 1,10,00012 A°mΩ t]mØ≥, aßm-́ p-Im-em-bn¬ 1,05,00013 H. Fw. tPm¿Pv, Dutcmw-]-d-ºn¬ 1,03,00014 sNdn-bm≥ Cu∏≥, Nnd-∏p-dØv 1,00,50015 Pn‰p G{_-lmw, ]gq¿ ]Xn-s\-́ n¬ 1,00,00116 aØmbn hn. sI. hS-t°-]p-d-tØ v́ 1,00,00017 sI. Fw. Cu∏≥, Icn-∏m¬ 1,00,00018 cRvPnØv Ipcp-hn-f, If-Øp-∏-Sn-°¬ 1,00,00019 amWn sNdn-bm≥, aÆq¿ 85,00020 kn. sI. amØ≥, sNdp-hn-c-en¬, imtemw 80,00121 sI. C. Ipcym-t°m-kv, Icn-∏m¬ 80,00022 adn-bmΩ tImcp-f, aßm-́ p-Im-em-bn¬ 75,00123 Fw. sI. t]mØ≥, ap -́Øn-Ø-d-bn¬ 75,00124 sI. ]n. amWn, IWn-bm-́ p-Im-em-bn¬ 74,00025 A∂Ω Ipcp-hn-f, If-Øp-]-Sn-°¬ 66,00126 sI. sI. tXma-kv, If¿a-‰-Øn¬ 61,00027 Ipcp-hnf amWn, ]\-t®-a‰w 60,50028 timimΩ sF∏v, I√m-Wn-bn¬ 60,00029 sI. sI. ]oen-t∏m-kv, Ipº-f-Øn¬ 55,00030 timimΩ sF∏v, ]gq¿ ]≈n∏pdØv 55,00031 tImc amØ≥, amt∏m-Sn-bv°¬ 53,00032 Fw. ]n. amXyp, aßm-́ p-Im-em-bn¬ 50,00033 km_p Ipcy≥, aßm-́ p-aTw 50,00034 sI. Fw. h¿Ko-kv, Xe-b-\m-́ p-aTw 50,00035 ]n.-Fw. jmPn ]\-t®-a‰w 50,000

36 kn. kn. tPm¨, sNdp-hn-c-en¬ 50,00037 Zo\mΩ De-l-∂m≥, ]pd-tØ v́ hmg-°mem 47,00038 adn-b-°p´n G{_-lmw, Ipº-f-Øn¬ 45,00039 sI. hn. t]mØ≥, ]pd-tØ-́ v, F_n\nhmkv 45,00040 ]n. hn. amWn ]gq¿ hmg-°m-em-bn¬ 44,00041 C. bp. NpΩm¿, sNcn-hp-Im-em-bn¬, aÆq¿ 42,10142 ]n. hn. kvIdn-bm, ]Sn-™m-sd-πm-°n¬,

]pd-tØ´v 41,50043 sI. Fw. De-l-∂m≥ Ipgn-bm-ºm v́ 40,00044 C. Fw. t]mØ≥, Cug-am-en¬ 40,00045 kmdmΩ ^nen∏v, Ipº-f-Øn¬ 40,00046 tamfn h¿Kokv agp-h-t©-cn¬ 40,00047 h¿Kokv Ah-f-t°m-́ n¬ 40,00048 ]n. sF. amØ≥ ]gq¿]-≈n-∏p-dØv 37,00149 adn-bmΩ amWn ]gq¿ Ipgn-b-mºm v́ 36,10050 ]n. kn. Ipcp-hnf ]gq¿ IWn-bm-́ p-Imem 36,00051 tam≥kn sI. amWn I≠w-sI-́ n-b-Xn¬ 35,70052 sI. hn. amØ≥ Ccp-́ p-am-en¬ 35,50153 sI. sI. Ipcy≥, IÆ≥-sXm-́ n-bn¬ 35,50054 ]n. hn. amXyp ]gq¿ hmg-°m-em-bn¬ 35,50055 ]n. sI. tPm¿Pv ]gq¿In-g-t°-Xn¬ 35,00056 ]n. hn. aØmbn ]Sn-™m-sd-πm-°n-bn¬,

]pd-tØ´v 35,00057 amXyp tXma-kv sRmßn-Wn-bn¬, AXn-c-ºpg 35,00058 ]n. sI. amXyp ]gq¿ ]´m-Wn-°m-em-bn¬ 34,50059 tdmbn kmap-th¬ ASp-ap-dn-bn¬ 30,50060 adn-bmΩ tPmk v̂ CS-a-\-bn¬ 30,00061 hn. sF. tImcp-f, cma-\m-́ p-X-d-bn¬ 27,00062 sI. Fw. Ipcym-t°mkv,

sIm®paßm-́ p-Im-em-bn¬ 26,70163 sI. hn. sF∏v Ipgn-bm-ºm v́ 26,50064 cmPp F. tXma-kv, Aº-e-Ød 25,00165 F¬tZm sh≈-®m-en¬ 25,00066 Fw. kn. Ipcym-t°mkv, aÆq¿ ]pØ≥]pc 25,00067 A∂Ω kvIdn-b, ]≈n-∏pdw 25,00068 ]n. Fw. tXma-kv, ]qhw-\n¬°p-∂-Xn¬ 25,000

\º¿ XpIIpSpw-_-\m-Ys‚/-\m-Y-bpsS

t]cpw ho´p-t]cpw\º¿ XpIIpSpw-_-\m-Ys‚/-\m-Y-bpsS

t]cpw ho´p-t]cpw

(30˛11˛2010 hsc)

243

69 sI. C. sF∏v Icn-∏m¬ 25,00070 sI. sI. amXyp, ]gq¿ IWn-bm-́ p-Imem 25,00071 X¶Ω tPm¿Pv ]pØ≥]p-c-bn¬ 23,00072 sI. hn. h¿Ko-kv, sIm´p-∏≈n°tcm v́ 21,50073 sF∏v Ipcp-hn-f, ]gq¿ sXt°¬ 21,00074 sI. Fw. amWn, Ipº-f-Øn¬ 20,50075 sNdn-bm≥ amWn, ]≈n-∏pdw 20,25076 jn_p-tam≥ Nmt°m, Cug-am-en¬ 20,00077 ]n. Fw. Ipcym-t°m-kv, Icn-∏m¬ 20,00078 Fw. sI. tPm¨, aT-tØ v́ 20,00079 sI. hn. Ipcy≥ If-Øq]-Sn-bv°¬ 20,00080 ]n. sI. Nmt°m, aßm-́ p-a-T-Øn¬ 20,00081 tdmbn amXyp, sIm´p∏≈n hS-t°-Xn¬ 20,00082 Fw. sI. Nmt°m, Ipcp-∂n-\m-bn¬ 19,00083 Fw. ‰n. h¿Ko-kv, Ad-bv°-∏-d-ºn¬

]md-°mem 18,50084 ]n. sI. G{_lmw ]gq¿ ]Xn-s\-́ n¬ 17,50285 ]n. hn. Ipcym-t°m-kv ]me-Øn-¶-¬, Aa-e-Kncn 17,50086 ]n. sI. G{_lmw cma-\m-́ p-X-d-bn¬ 16,50087 ]n. sI. tXma-kv, ]gq¿ ]´m-Wn-°m-em-bn¬ 16,50088 ]n. ]n. h¿Ko-kv, ]pd-tØ v́ 16,50089 kn. tImc, sNdp-hn-c-en¬ 16,25090 ]n. hn. h¿Ko-kv, ]gq¿ hm-g-°m-em-bn¬ 15,70191 ‰n. Fw. De-l-∂m≥, ]≈n-sX-t°-Xn¬ 15,63592 Gen-bmΩ tImc, IÆ-≥sXm-́ n-bn¬ 15,00193 ]n. sI. G{_-lmw, ]md-bn¬, IpS-am-fq¿ 15,00094 ]n. hn. amWn, ]gq¿ In-g-t°-Xn¬ 15,00095 ]n. sF. Nmt°m, ]gq¿ ]-≈n-∏pdw 15,00096 Gen-bmΩ Ipcp-hn-f, ]gq¿ ]-́ m-Wn-°m-em-bn¬ 15,00097 km_p Nmt°m, Cug-am-en-bn¬ 15,00098 kt¥mjv Nmt°m, Cug-am-en-bn¬ 15,00099 sI. Fw. tXma-kv, Xe-b-\m-́ p-aTw 15,000100 sd\n amWn, Xmg-tØ-¬ 15,000101 h¿°n C´n-b-hn-c, sIm´p-∏-≈n-°-tcm v́ 14,700102 tam≥kn Ipcym-t°m-kv, aÆq¿ 14,500103 timimΩ amØ≥, ]gq¿ 13,751104 NpΩm¿ amWn, sIm®p-a-ßm-́ p-Im-em-bn¬ 13,500105 hn. F. tImc, ]pd-tØ v́ 13,260106 ]n. Fw. h¿°n, ]gq¿ In-g-t°-Xn¬ 13,000107 sF∏v G{_-lmw, aßm-́ p-Imem 13,000108 sI. Fw. tXmakv I≠w-sI-́ n-b-Xn¬ 12,500109 sIm®p-tam≥ h¿Kokv ]pd-tØ v́ 12,500110 tPm¨ tPmk-̂ v, CS-a-\-bn¬ 12,500111 sI. bp. tPm¨, sIm®o∏-Sn-°¬ 12,000112 kn. bp. sF∏v, ]me-\n-ev°pw-Imem 12,000

113 Gen-bmΩ amWn, Icn-∏m¬ 12,000114 kv°dn-bm, sIm√≥In-g-t°-Xn¬ 12,000115 tam´n tP°-_v, aßm-́ paTw 11,500116 G{_lmw kmw, Ipº-f-Øn¬ 11,500117 Pbvtam≥ sI. sI. sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ 11,000118 Nmt°m De-l-∂m≥, sNcn-hp-Im-em-bn¬, aÆq¿11,000119 ]n. sI. sNdn-bm≥, ]gq¿ I-Wn-bm-́ p-Imem 10,500120 tXmakv tPmk-̂ v, CS-a\ 10,365121 sI. bp. De-l-∂m≥, sIm®o]-Sn-°¬ 10,250122 _m_p tPmk-̂ v, hc-Ip-Im-em-bn¬ 10,250123 tXmakv amWn, ]≈n-∏pdw 10,100124 amWn Ipcp-hn-f, ]gq¿ ]´m-Wn-°m-em-bn¬ 10,001125 sI. sI. ^nen-∏v, If¿a-‰-Øn¬ 10,000126 A∂Ω G{_lmw, sIm´p-∏-≈n-°-tcm v́ 10,000127 kmP≥ sI. sF∏v, IWn-bm-́ p-Imem 10,000128 ]n. hn. amXyp, ]gq¿ In-g-t°-Xn¬ 10,000129 ]n. F. h¿Ko-kv, ]pfn-aq-́ n¬ 10,000130 sI. sF. h¿Ko-kv, IWn-bm-́ p-Imem 10,000131 Fw. sI. G{_-lmw, aßm-́ p-Im-em-bn¬ 10,000132 Cu∏≥ sF∏v, Cug-am-en-bn¬ 10,000133 sI. sI. amWn, Ipº-f-Øn¬ 10,000134 ]n. Fw. Ipcym-t°m-kv, ]\-t®-a‰w 10,000135 amXyp (cm-Pp) ]gq¿ Ing-t°-Xn¬ 10,000136 amXyp amWn, Xmg-tج 10,000137 C. ]n. amWn, Cug-am-en¬ 10,000138 kmdmΩ kv°dn-b, Icn-∏m¬ 10,000139 ]n. sP. tXma-kv, Nqc-°m-́ n¬, CS-Øn-\Iw 9,750140 tP°_v amWn ]gq¿ IZ-fn-°mem 9,450141 tXmakv ]n. G{_lmw ]pXp∏-d-ºn¬ 8,650142 tPm¿Pv ]n. amXyp, ]pØ≥]p-c-bn¬ 8,000143 sI. bp. Nmt°m, sIm®o]-Sn-bv°¬ 8,000144 G{_lmw sI. sF. Ccp-́ p-am-en¬ 7,561145 kv°dnb h¿Ko-kv, ]pfn-®-am-°¬ 7,500146 sI. hn. amWn, Ccp-́ p-am-en-bn¬ 7,500146 enkn amWn, Cug-am-en¬ 7,500147 tPmWn h¿Ko-kv, hc-Ip-Im-em-bn¬ 7,500148 tPmk v̂, hc-Ip-Im-em-bn¬ CS-a\ 7,250149 tPm¿Pv Ipcp-hn-f, ]pØ≥]p-c-bn¬ 7,000150 Gen-bmΩ tXma-kv, hS-t°-°c 7,000151 sI. kn. km_p, sNdp-hn-c-en¬ 7,000152 tPm¿÷v hn. F v., h -́bv°m-́ p-Imem 6,502153 kn. C. tPm¿Pv, Nnd-∏p-dØv 6,000154 tImcpf G{_-lmw, aßm-́ p-Im-em-bn¬ 6,000155 tPm¿Pv G{_-lmw, sIm√-∏-≈n¬ 6,000156 Gen-bmΩ tPm¨, hS-t°-]p-d-tØ v́ 5,250

\º¿ IpSpw-_-\m-Ys‚/-\m-Y-bpsS

t]cpw ho´p-t]cpw\º¿ IpSpw-_-\m-Ys‚/-\m-Y-bpsS

t]cpw ho´p-t]cpw

XpI XpI

244

157 adn-bm-Ω, Nqc-°m-́ n¬, CS-Øn-\Iw 5,250158 hn. Fkv. t]mØ≥, ]pd-tØ v́ 5,000159 hn. Fw. amWn, h -́bv°m-́ p-Imem 5,000160 sI. Fw. amWn, I≠w-sI-́ n-b-Xn¬ 5,000161 a\p kmw, ASp-ap-dn-bn¬ 5,000162 tPm¿Pv amWn, Nmem-Icn Ing-t°-∏-dºv 5,000163 sI. ]n. Ipcy≥, Ipº-f-Øn¬ 5,000164 tPm¨ Ipcy≥, Ipº-f-Øn¬ 5,000165 Cu∏≥ ]p∂-t»-cn¬ 5,000166 h¿Ko-kv, Ccp-́ p-am-en¬ πm∏-d-ºn¬ 5,000167 Nmt°m Nmt°m, sIm´p-∏-≈n¬ 5,000168 aØm-bn, hncp-X-\m-Øv, Aa-e-Kncn 5,000169 X¶Ω Ipcym-t°m-kv, If¿a-‰-Øn¬ 5,000170 s_∂n hn. tPm¿Pv, hen-b-]-d-ºn¬ 5,000171 ]n. ]n. Ipcym-t°m-kv, ap -́Øn-Ø-d-bn¬ 5,000172 sI. sI. …o_m If¿a-‰-Øn¬ 5,000173 sI. hn. kv°dn-bm, Ccp-́ p-am-en¬ 4,750174 sNdn-bm≥ kv°dn-bm, h -́bv°m-́ p-Imem 4,500175 timimΩ Ipcy≥, sIm´p-∏-≈n-°-tcm v́ 4,500176 B¿. sI. h¿Ko-kv, cma-\m-́ p-X-d-bn¬ 4,001177 A∂Ω tUhn-Uv, ]pØ≥]p-c-bv°¬ 4,000178 ]n. sP. tPmk-̂ v, hS-°p-ap-I-tf¬ 4,000179 Ipcy≥ Ipcy≥, sIm´p-∏-≈n-°-tcm v́ 4,000180 sI. sI. tXma-kv, Imcn-a‰w 4,000181 hn. Fw. h¿Ko-kv, h -́bv°m-́ p-Imem 4,000182 h¿°n kv°dn-b, ]≈n-∏pdw 4,000183 A∂Ω tXma-kv, hS-t°-°c 4,000184 hn. kn. sNdn-bm≥, thew-]-d-ºn¬ 3,500185 sI. Fw. tPmk-̂ v, IZ-fn-°mem 3,500186 C. Fw. cmPp, Ccp-I-h-e-bn¬ 3,500187 kmdmΩ h¿Ko-kv, ]cp-Øn-°pgn 3,500188 hn. Fw. amXyp, h -́bv°m-́ p-Imem 3,100189 amWn kv°dn-bm, ]≈n-∏pdw 3,100190 h¿Kokv sF∏v, Ccp-́ p-am-en¬ 3,100191 sI. hn. Ipcy≥, Ipº-f-Øn-°mem 3,100192 ]n. kn. tPm¨, ]pØ≥]p-c-bn¬, hmI-Øm\w 3,000193 tPmk v̂ Ipcy≥, hvfmIØv 3,000194 sI. Fkv. amWn, ]≈n-∏pdw 3,000195 h¿Kokv Ipcy≥, πm°n-]-d-ºn¬ 3,000196 amØ≥ Ccp-́ p-am-en¬, πm]-d-ºn¬ 3,000197 sI. hn. sF∏v, Ccp-́ p-am-en¬ 3,000198 tXmakv, ssX∏-d-ºn¬ 3,000199 De-l-∂m≥ amØ≥, sNdp-hn-c-en¬°-tcm v́ 3,000200 ‰n. sF. G{_-lmw, tXm´p-¶¬sX-t°¬ 2,800201 km_p tXma-kv, hS-t°-°c 2,700

202 Cu∏≥ G{_-lmw, sIm√-∏-≈n¬ 2,350203 C´n-b-hn-c, Itcm-́ p-Ip-gn-b-mºm v́ 2,060204 F.-Un. tPm¿Pv, hen-b-]-d-ºn¬ 2,000205 sI. hn. Ipcy≥, Ipgn-bm-ºm v́ 2,000206 Cu∏≥ h¿Ko-kv, Cug-am-en-bn¬ 2,000207 h¿Kokv amXyp, ]m´p-Ip-t∂¬ 1,900208 tXmakv G{_-lmw, sIm´p-∏-≈n-°-tcm v́ 1,900209 A®mΩ kv°dn-b, h -́bv°m-́ p-Imem 1,600210 tPm¨ amXyp, ]m´p-Ip-t∂¬ 1,600211 A∂Ω tXma-kv, ]\-bv°¬ 1,500212 A∂Ω Ipcp-hn-f, ]gp¿ Ing-t°-Xn¬ 1,500213 sI. hn. h¿Kokv, Ipº-f-Øn-°m-em-bn¬ 1,500214 ]utemkv CS-Øn-\Iw 1,400215 A∂Ω NpΩm¿, Ipgn-bm-ºm v́ 1,300216 timimΩ kv°dn-b, Im™-∏-≈n¬ 1,200217 Ipcy≥, cma-\m-́ p-Xdbn¬ 1,000218 Fw. F. ^nen-t∏m-kv, aßm-́ p-Im-em-bn¬ 1,000219 sF∏v kv°dn-b, ]≈n-∏pdw 1,000220 hn. Fkv. Nm≠n, ]≈n-∏pdw 1,000221 sI. Fw. amXyp, IZ-fn-°mem 1,000222 kp\p ^nen-∏v, Ipº-f-Øn¬ 1,000223 kPn h¿Ko-kv, h -́bv°m-́ p-Imem 1,000224 adn-bmΩ Ipcp-hn-f, cma-\m-́ p-Xdbn¬ 1,000225 _nt\mbn hn. tPm¿Pv hen-b-]-d-ºn¬ 750226 Nn∂Ω NpΩm¿, cma-\m-́ p-Xdbn¬ 750227 sadn≥ amXyp, h -́bv°¬ 700228 A∂Ω h¿°n, CS-Øn-\Iw 700229 ssa°nƒ ssX∏-d-ºn¬ 500230 adn-bmΩ amWn, Ccp-I-h-e-bn¬ 500231 A®mΩ cRvPn-Øv, aT-tØ-́ v, hnP-b-̀ -h≥ 500232 sPbnwkv amXyp, ]m´p-Ip-t∂¬ 400233 adn-bmΩ, Nn‰-\n-°m-em-bn¬ 300234 Ipcy≥ amXyp, ]m´p-Ip-t∂¬ 200235 s]ÆΩ h¿°n, h -́bv°¬ 200236 adn-bmΩ kv°dn-b, ]cp-Øn-°pgn 200237 Fw. Fw. aØm-bn, amº-d-bn¬ 100238 amXyp sF∏v Ccp-́ p-am-en¬ 0239 Ae-Ivkm-≠¿ Ipº-f-Øn¬ 0240 sI.-Fw. tPm¨ Ipº-f-Øn¬ 0241 kmdmΩ ^nen-t∏mkv Ipº-f-Øn¬ 0242 Gen-bmΩ Ipcy≥ Ipº-f-Øn¬ 0243 GeΩ amXyp Ipº-f-Øn¬ 0244 tN®Ω F{_lmw tXm´p-¶¬ sXt°-Xn¬ 0245 ]o‰¿ ssX∏-d-ºn¬ 0

BsI 60,37,227

\º¿ IpSpw-_-\m-Ys‚/-\m-Y-bpsS

t]cpw ho´p-t]cpw\º¿ IpSpw-_-\m-Ys‚/-\m-Y-bpsS

t]cpw ho´p-t]cpw

XpI XpI

245

II. tZhm-e-b-߃, A`n-hμy sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø≥am¿,

_lp. sshZn-I¿, Bflo-b-kw-L-S-\-Iƒ \¬Inb kw`m-h-\-Iƒ

12 sk‚ v tacokv bmt°m-_mbkpdn-bm\n∏≈n, Imc-t°m-Ww, ]pXp-∏mSn 5,000

13 H. G. Koh¿Kokv tam¿ Zoh-∂ym-tkymkvsa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm 4,000

14 dh. ^m. Ipcym-t°m-kv, πm]-d-ºn¬ 1,50015 shcn. dh. F{_lmw tImsd-∏n-kvt°m-∏m,

Icn-º-\-Ø-d, aW¿ImSv 1,00116 shcn. dh. ^oen-t∏m-kv tImsd-∏n-kvt°m-∏m,

tIm -́∏p-dØv 1,00117 shcn. dh. G{_lmw tImsd-∏n-kvt°m∏m 1,00018 sk‚ v tPm¨kv {]m¿∞-\m-tbm-Kw, \oen-aw-Kew 1,00019 sk‚ v tPm¿Pv {]m¿∞-\m-tbm-Kw, \oen-aw-Kew 1,00020 am¿ Ipcym-t°mkv {]m¿∞-\m-tbm-Kw, \oen-aw-Kew 1,00021 am¿ Iuam {]m¿∞-\m-tbm-Kw, \oen-aw-Kew 1,00022 dh. ^m. amXyqkv hS-t°-S-Øv, aW¿ImSv 50023 dh. ^m. kJ-dn-bm, ssae-∏-≈n¬ 50024. dh. ^m. Ipcym-t°m-kv, Imem-bn¬, aW¿ImSv 500

BsI 298731

III. {io. ]n. ]n. G{_lmw ap -́ØnØd aptJ\ A_p-Zm_nsk‚ v Ão^≥kv bmt°m-_mb ]≈n-bn¬ \n∂v e`n-®Xv

1 kn. hn. tXmakv 2002 Ipcy≥ tP°_v 1003 ]n. sF. h¿Kokv 1004 tPm¿÷v tP°_v 1005 hn\p ]o‰¿ tP°_v 1006 tP°_v DXp∏v 1007 tkmP≥ 1008 _nPp C´n-aWn 1009 kmP≥ tImin 10010 F¬tZm sI. tP°_v 10011 s_∂n sI. ]utemkv 10012 sdPn amXyp 10013 ^m. F¬tZm I°mS≥ 10014 t_kn¬ h¿Kokv 100

15 sskPn sI. ]n. 10016 kmw t]mØd 5017 at\mPv ‰n. h¿Kokv 5018 _nPn G{_lmw 5019 PnXn≥ tdmbn 5020 kPn tbml-∂m≥ 5021 Ubvtam≥ Ipcy≥ 5022 amXyp-°p´n 5023 doam kÆn 5024 Koh¿Kokv hn. sF. 5025 tPm¿÷v 50

2,10026 sdPn-tam≥ h¿Kokv 5000

BsI 32,741

Zn¿lw

cq]

\º¿ t]cvXpI

1 sk‚ v tacokv IØo-{U¬, aW¿ImSv 1,00,0002 sk‚ v tPm¿Pv kndn-b≥ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv

N¿®v, Bellhurst, Ave Oklan City, USA, C/o jn_psNdn-bm≥ Nnd-∏p-dØv 54,068

3 am¿tØm-Ω≥ sNdn-b-∏-≈n, tImX-aw-Kew 25,0004 a¿Ø-a-dnbw h\n-Xm-k-am-Pw, \oen-aw-Kew 25,0005 a™-\n-°c Xo¿∞m-S-I¿ 16,4696 H. G. tXmakv tam¿ Xotam-Øn-tbmkv

sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm 10,0007 sk‚ v tPm¿Pv bmt°m-_mb

kpdn-bm\n∏≈n, Icn-ßm-®n-d, sIm®n 10,0008 shcn. dh. sI. Ipcym-t°mkv

tImsd-∏n-kvtIm∏m Ing-t°-SØv 10,0009 shcn. dh. Ipcym-t°mkv

tImsd∏n-kvt°m∏m Idp-I-bn¬ 10,00010 dh. ^m. Koh¿Kokv N -́Øn¬ 10,00011 dh. ^m. Koh¿Kokv,

Icn-Ø-e-bv°¬ bp.-F-kv.-F. 9,192

XpI\º¿ t]cv

\º¿ t]cv XpI \º¿ t]cv XpI (Zp_mbvZn¿lw)

(Zp_mbvZn¿lw)

246

\º¿ t]cpw ho´p-t]cpw \º¿ t]cpw ho´p-t]cpwXpI XpI

IV. CS-h-ImwK-ß-f-√m-Ø-h-cpsS kw`m-h-\- enÃv

1 tXmakv, Ipcp-hnf Ing-°m-en-°¬,s]cp-ºm-bn-°mSv 50,000

2 kt¥mjv Ipcy≥, hmg-°mem Icn-bn¬ 40,0003 ]n.-hn. tPm¿Pv, HX-f-Øpw-aq-́ n¬, IpS-bw-]Sn 30,0004 A∂Ω kv°dn-b, Nq≠-a-Æn¬,

tXm -́bv°mSv 30,0005 Ão^≥ tXma-kv, aW-∏p-dØv 30,0006 Cu∏≥ amXyp, ]d-tßm v́ 25,0007 ]n. ]n. sNdn-bm≥, ]pXp-∏-d-ºn¬ 25,0008 kPn\n PntPm, Ie-∏-d-ºn¬, a√-∏≈n 25,0009 sIm√≥In-g-t°-Xn¬

IpSpw-_-tbmKw 25,00010 sI. F. ]p∂q-kv, Idp-I-∏-Sn-bn¬, Abva\w 25,00011 timimΩ tPmk-̂ v, ]d-ºn¬, IpΩ\w 25,00012 PoPm ‰n. sNdn-bm≥ Cug-am-en-bn¬

aptJ\ e`n-®Xv 23,35013 Fw. h¿°n, Our Own High School,

P.B. No. 3004, Dubai, UAEC/o sN√Ω amWn, aÆq¿ 20,000

14 tP°_v cmPp, Nnd-bn¬ 15,00115 kqkΩ sF∏v, Cug-am-en¬,

Ipcp-∂n-\m-°mem 15,00016 eo\m kqk≥, \yqX≥ skmssk-‰n,

apwss_ 15,00017 _m∏pPn, sh≈m-∏≈n {_tZ-gvkv, t]cq¿ 12,50018 t{Kkn _m_p, amen-bn¬, ]≈n-∏pdw 12,00019 Ãm v̂, C≥Uym hpUv, tIm´bw

C/o tdmPn amWn Xmg-tج 11,78820 tPmbn tXma-kv, ]™n-°p-t∂¬,

]n.-sP. t{SUnwKv Iº-\n, ]mem 10,00121 KoXp enkv_m tP°-_v, CS-b-I-Øq-́ v,

Ipam-c-s\-√q¿ 10,00122 ]n. Fw. h¿°n, Xm∂n-°m-́ v, ]≈w 10,00123 tUm. F¬kΩ h¿Ko-kv, a\-bn-S-bn¬ 10,00024 em¬ tP°-_v, HX-f-Øpw-aq-́ n¬ 10,00025 an\n tXma-kv, CS-a-\-bn¬ 10,00026 B\n kÆn tP°-_v, CS-a-\-bn¬ 10,00027 im¥n kPn, sXt°-s\-Sp-º-≈n¬ 10,00028 _m_p C√n-°¬, Icn-ßm-®nd 10,000

29 _m_p ^nen-∏v, Ipf-Øp-am-°¬,Im™n-c-∏md, Ißg 10,000

30 F. ‰n. tP°-_v, Ab-em-‰p-t»-cn¬, _mw•q¿ 10,00031 amWn, s\Sn-b-Im-em-bn¬ 10,00032 ^nen-∏v, awK-e-Øv, aW¿ImSv 10,00033 ]n. sF. Nmt°m, πm°n-bn¬, ]ndhw 10,00034 ‰n. hn. tPm¨, tXm∏n¬, s]cp-ºm-bn-°mSv 10,00035 taml≥ eqt°m-kv, It√-∏-≈n¬ 10,00036 tkmWnbm hn. tP°-_v,

D/o tPmWn-°p-́ n, Fw.-Fw. ]ªn-t°-j≥kv 10,00037 kptcjv sF∏v, ]pI-Sn-bn¬, ]md-ºpg 10,00038 t_m_≥ tXma-kv, hm°-t®-cn¬, A_p-Zm_n10,00039 M/s aW¿ImSv dt∫-gvkv, aW¿ImSv 10,00040 sFhn≥ tPmk-̂ v, S/okPnØv tPmk-̂ v,

{_ntK-Uv sebv≥, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw 10,00041 sjh. ]n. F. G{_-lmw, ]pfn-aq-́ n¬ 10,00042 amΩ≥ h¿Ko-kv, At©-cn¬ Km¿U≥kv,

Km‘n-\-K¿ 10,00043 s{]m^. C. Fw. tP°_v CS-b-I-Øq-́ v,

tXm°p-]md 10,00044 timimΩ Nmt°m, Nnd-bn¬, ]≈w 9,00045 an\n t__n, ]pXp-ti-cn, ap°-\q¿,

C/o C. Fw. tP°_v CS-b-I-Øq v́, Ipam-c-s\-√q¿ 7,55146 at\m-Pv, Zp_mbv 6,50047 cRvPnØv ]p∂q-kv, s]cp-º-≈n-∏-d-ºn¬ 5,50048 hn. hn. G{_-lmw, h©n-tØm-́ n¬, ]m°n¬ 5,00149 kptcjv & kpan, Pn±, kuZn-A-td_y 5,00050 M/s.s]m°p-Sn-bn¬ GP≥kokv 5,00051 khnXm h¿Kokv & tkmPp tPm¿Pv tXmakv,

πm∏-d-ºn¬ 5,00052 _nt\mbv Imhp-]-d-ºn¬, aW¿ImSv 5,00053 t_m_n Abva\wIpgn-bn¬, ]md-ºpg 5,00054 sI. hn. h¿Ko-kv, hc-hp-Im-em-bn¬, Acq¿ 5,00055 jnPn tPmk-̂ v, sIm®p-]p-c-bn¬,

s]cp-ºm-bn-°mSv 5,00056 Ipcp-hnf amWn ]md-bn¬, aW¿ImSv 5,00057 kt¥mjv sI. G{_-lmw, ImSw-Xp-cp-Øn¬,

amßm\w 5,000

247

58 Gen-bmΩ dmt^¬, X´mw-]d-ºn¬,s]cp-ºm-bn-°mSv 5,000

59 tPm¿Pv tPm¨, sIm®p-ho-́ n¬, tXm -́bv°mSv 5,00060 Fw. B¿. cmPp, IZ-fn-°m-em-bn¬,

s]cp-ºm-bn-°mSv 5,00061 sI. kn. h¿Ko-kv, HX-f-Øpw-aq-́ n¬ 5,00062 cmP≥ tP°-_v, sk‚ v tXmakv ]m°nw-Kv,

sNss∂ 5,00063 _m_p Ipcy≥, tIme-Øp-]-d-ºn¬, hS-hm-Xq¿ 5,00064 tPmkv amd-ºn¬, ]≈n-∏p-dw, s]cp-ºm-bn-°mSv 5,00065 tXmakv ]q®w-Xm-en¬ 5,00066 Nm¿fn tXmakv ]q®w-Xm-en¬ 5,00067 tkmdm amXyp, tIm°vkvSu¨, _mw•q¿ 5,00068 hn. kn. h¿°n, htSm¿, t]cq¿ 5,00069 A\n _n\p A´m¿h-ben¬ 5,00070 G{_lmw ]n. F. Im°-\m v́ 5,00071 ]n. kn. tPm¨, _n.-F-kv.-F≥.-F¬. tIm´bw 5,00072 Pntbm tPm¨, tXm∏n¬ 5,00073 Xºm≥ amXyp, ]d-tßm v́ 5,00074 cmP≥ kv°dnbm, Nnd-bn¬ ]oSn-I-bn¬ 5,00075 hn¬\ sadn≥ tPm¿Pv, h≈n-bm-d,

s]cp-ºm-bn-°mSv 5,00076 Fw. hn. tPm¿Pv a‰-∏-≈n¬, s]cph 5,00077 ssjP≥ ]n. t]mƒ, ]md-bn¬, ta°mSv 5,00078 tPm¿Pv tNco-∏-d-ºn¬, sh≈q¿, ]mºmSn 5,00079 C´n-°p™v ^nen-∏v, ]d-b-Ip-f-Øv,

Xrt°m-X-aw-Kew 5,00080 arZpem amXyp, ]p\w-]p∂ 5,00081 Beokv h¿Ko-kv, Beokv hn√,

s]cp-ºm-bn-°mSv 5,00082 A\ojv sFk°v tP°-_v,

πm°nbn¬, ]ndhw 5,00083 lpssk≥ aßm-́ p-°m-em-bn¬ 5,00084 tXmakv amXyp, H‰-ssØ-øn¬, ]md-ºpg 5,00085 sI. hn. tXma-kv, sIm√-s°m-ºn¬,

hS-hm-Xq¿ 5,00086 km_p tP°-_v, ]pI-Sn-bn¬, Km‘n-\-K¿ 5,00087 ]n. hn. sNdn-bm≥, HX-f-Øpw-aq-́ n¬, sNßfw 5,00088 Ip™p-tam≥, πm∏-d-ºn¬, Fd-Wm-Ipfw 5,00089 ]n.-F. tPmk-̂ v, ]md-bv°¬, sh≈q¿ 5,00090 Nn∂Ω B‚-Wn, ]md-°¬, kw{Im¥n 5,000

\º¿ t]cpw ho´p-t]cpw \º¿ t]cpw ho´p-t]cpwXpI XpI

91 sI. F. s_∂n, Imhp-¶¬, s]cp-ºm-bn-°mSv 5,00092 ]n. sI. amXyp, ]oSn-tb-°¬, aW¿ImSv 5,00093 Pn\p Ipcym-t°m-kv, sNßm-en-a-‰w 4,50094 _o\m jmPn, Ip‰-\m¬, sXmΩ≥Ipgn 4,50095 t{Kkn, ]gq¿ Ing-t°¬ 4,00096 s_∂n & sIm®p-tam≥, HX-f-Øpw-aq-́ n¬ 4,00097 cmPp Be-∏m v́ 3,50098 ]p∂qkv amXyp, ]d-tßm-́ v, sX≈Iw 3,50099 sI. Fw. Ipcym-t°m-kv,

]Sn-™m-sd-Ip-gn-bm-ºm´v 3,001100 A®mΩ C´n, h´p-I-f-Øn¬, aqe-h´w 3,001101 tXmakv sNdn-bm≥, Ipgn-bm-™m¬ 3,000102 timimΩ Ipcym-t°m-kv, ]md-bn¬, Aa-b-∂q¿3,000103 _nt\mbv ^nen-∏v, ]pØ≥]-d-ºn¬, aW¿ImSv 3,000104 Gen-bmΩ t]mØ≥, Cug-am-en¬ 3,000105 _nμp C/o P.A. h¿Ko-kv, ]pfn-aq-́ n¬ 3,000106 tP°_v tPm¿Pv, Nnd-bn¬, ]≈w 3,000107 ‰n.- Un. sPbnw-kv, tXm´p-¶¬, \´m-t»cn 3,000108 ent‰m ssS‰-kv, en‰p-̀ -h≥, B\-μ-∏≈n 3,000109 km_p Ipcy≥, Imhp-¶¬, ]ßS 3,000110 eoemΩ amXyp, Imhp-¶¬, ]ßS 3,000111 sk©pdn ^yqh¬kv & Hmbn¬, Ipam-c-\-√q¿ 3,000112 kPn F. Ipcp-hn-f, aW-Ø-e, B¿∏q-°c 3,000113 cmPp ssaem-°¬, I™n-°pgn 3,000114 tPm¨k¨ Fw. tPm¿Pv, tamS-bn¬, a√-∏≈n 3,000115 adn-bmΩ a¿t°mkv 3,000116 Xºn hm°-t®-cn¬ 3,000117 sk‚ v tacokv tI‰-dnwKv k¿Δokv ]≈n-∏pdw,

\oen-aw-Kew 3,000118 cRvPnØv ^nen-∏v, ]md-bn¬, Bdp-am-\q¿ 2,500119 tPmk v̂ amXyp, amdm v́ s]cp-ºm-bn-°mSv 2,500120 entPm sI. amXyp, Imhp-¶¬, ]ßS 2,500121 tPmkv InSm-c-Øn¬, s]cp-ºm-bn-°mSv 2,500122 hn. kn. G{_-lmw, hS-t»-cn¬,

sNßfw kuØv 2,500123 kptcjv t]mƒ Ae-Ivkv, _l-dn≥ 2,500124 sj√n, B≠p-°m-em-bn¬ 2,500125 Gen-bmΩ tPm¿Pv, Bepw-aq-́ n¬, Nmaw-]-Xm¬ 2,500126 tPm_n ]ueqkv C/o s\_p tP°_v 2,325127 _nt\mbv ]n. G{_lmw C/o s\_p tP°_v 2,263

248

\º¿ t]cpw ho´p-t]cpw \º¿ t]cpw ho´p-t]cpwXpI XpI

128 AJne tIcf hniz-I¿Ω alm-k-̀ ,s]cp-ºm-bn-°m-Sv, {_m©v 53 2,001

129 _me≥, ARvP-\, \´m-t»cn 2,001130 Znhym cmPp, sIm®p-sXm-́ n-bn¬,

s]cp-ºm-bn-°mSv 2,001131 sI. kn. amXyp, Imhp-¶¬, ]ßS 2,000132 tPmkv sI. sNdn-bm≥, Imhp-¶¬, ]ßS 2,000133 sI. kn. G{_-lmw, Imhp-¶¬, ]ßS 2,000134 A\q]v G{_-lmw, aW-∏p-dØv 2,000135 ]n. hn. tPm¿Pv, IWn-bmw-]-d-ºn¬, aW¿ImSv 2,000136 kndn-bIv Im∏n¬, \´m-t»cn 2,000137 hn. Fw. amXyp, XS-Øn¬, ]≈w 2,000138 sdPn amfn-tb-°¬, s]cp-ºm-bn-°mSv 2,000139 sj√n sI. amXyp, ssIXIw 2,000140 tdmbn Ipcym-t°m-kv, \oen-bm-\n-°¬, ]mem 2,000141 ‰n. hn. Nmt°m, Xe-°pfw 2,000142 ]n. kn. tPm¿Pv, ]d-ºp-I-c, aW¿ImSv 2,000143 AK-Ãn≥, ]\-bv°¬ 2,000144 tim`\ km_p, s]mø-°-c, ]qh≥Xp-cpØv 2,000145 B‚-∏≥, km‚ v a¿s®‚ v 2,000146 -Xºn, ]pfn-°m-́ p-aTw 2,000147 s]ÆΩ kv°dn-bm, Nnd-bn¬]o-SnI 2,000148 sadn≥ kmdm, ]md-bn¬ 2,000149 skeIvSv Nm\¬, ]≈n-∏pdw 2,000150 kmt_¿, ]md-bn¬ 2,000151 A∂Ω kPn, Ipgn-bn¬, hmI-Øm\w 2,000152 tPmjn h¿Ko-kv, Imhp-¶¬ 2,000153 _m_p, apdn-bm-\n-°¬ 2,000154 tPm¿Pp-Ip-́ n, apdn-bm-\n-°¬ 2,000155 tPm¨ Ipcy≥, tKmhm 2,000156 sI. ‰n. tXma-kv, sIm√-∏-≈n¬, \´m-t»cn 2,000157 sI. sP. tPmk-̂ v, Ip∂-Øp-]-d-ºn¬ 2,000158 tPmPn amXyp, s]mSn-a-‰-Øn¬, ASn-®nd 2,000159 cmtPjv Nº-°pfw 2,000160 tdm_n≥, Icn-ºn¬, ao\Sw 2,000161 _nt\m-bn, sh´pIm-́ n¬, Xncp-hm¿∏v 2,000162 adn-bmΩ amXyp, ]mtd-°m-́ n¬ 2,000163 t_m_n G{_-lmw, ]Sn-™m-sd-∏-d-ºn¬,

Aa-b-∂q¿ 2,000164 tXma-kp-Ip´n G{_-lmw, ]Sn-™m-td-∏-d-ºn¬,

Aa-b-∂q¿ 2,000

165 Xºn, hS-t°--∏-d-ºn¬, Ipdn®n 2,000166 {]n≥kv eqt°m-kv, H‰-ssØ-bn-¬, ]md-ºpg 2,000167 Pbnw-kv, IÆw-sXm-́ n-bn¬, ]md-ºpg 2,000168 A\n¬ h¿Ko-kv, ªq slh≥, apwss_ 2,000169 adn-bmΩ kÆn ^nen-∏v, F.-Pn.-Fw.,

_n.-F-kv.-F≥.-F¬. tIm´bw 2,000170 ‰n. sI. Ipcy≥, hme-bn¬,

kn¬h¿ A∏m¿ v́sa‚ v, apwss_ 2,000171 h¿°n h¿°n, tIm´bw 2,000172 sdPn tXma-kv, lm∏n tlmw, amew 2,000173 F. hn. adn-bm-Ω, F_n-\n-hm-kv, t]cq¿ 2,000174 tPm¨ h¿Ko-kv, Ass∂-\n-e-bw, hmg-∏≈n 2,000175 tam\mbn, tUmƒ^n≥ dt∫gvkv 2,000176 Fw.-Fw. tPmk v̂ 2,000177 A¿°m-Unbm tlm´¬, tIm´bw 2,000178 _nt\mbn, sXt°¬ 1,900179 ]gq¿ ^man-en, \oen-aw-Kew 1,550180 PÃn≥ tP°-_v, hS-t°-A-bva-\w-Ip-gn,

]md-ºpg 1,500181 _nPp, ]\-bv°¬ 1,500182 adn-bmΩ hb-em‰v 1,500183 sI. kn. tP°-_v, hm°p-]-d-ºn¬, sIm√mSv 1,500184 B‚-∏≥, amen-bn¬, I√d 1,500185 F. hn. G{_-lmw, A´m¿h-b-en¬ 1,500186 t]mØ≥ aØm-bn, ]pd-tØ-́ v, adn-b-∏≈n 1,500187 Fw. ‰n. tXma-kv, ]me-bv°mw-X-e-bv°¬,

t]-cq¿ 1,500188 tdm_n≥ tXma-kv, Cf-bn-S-Øv,

Fkv.-F-®v. au≠v 1,500189 kn. kn. amWn, Nm°m-t»-cn¬, t]cq¿ 1,500190 \n¿Ωe ]p∂q-kv, ]pXp-ho-́ n¬, ]≈w 1,500191 kPn, Ip∂p-Im-em-bn¬, NmØp-Ipfw 1,500192 Fw. F. jmPn aßm-́ p-°m-em-bn¬ 1,500193 jnPp C. h¿Kokv & jo\m tdm_n≥,

]p∂-t»cn 1,500194 X¶Ω amWn, \´m-t»cn CS-Øn¬, thfq¿ 1,500195 tXmakv Ipcy-≥ & dmWn tXmakv

]g-©n-d-aq-e-bn¬, hmI-Øm\w 1,500196 ]n. F. G{_-lmw, ]pXn-b-ho-́ n¬]-d-ºn¬ 1,500197 M/s sP. sP. IΩyq-Wn-t°-j≥kv,

s]cp-ºm-bn-°mSv 1,500

249

\º¿ t]cpw ho´p-t]cpw \º¿ t]cpw ho´p-t]cpwXpI XpI

198 AUz. sU¬hn≥ tP°_v amXyq-kv, Nnd-bn¬ 1,500199 sd\ojv amXyp, G{_-lmw, kp\n¬

A_p-Zm_n 1,300200 amXyp ^nen∏v ]pØ≥]-d-ºn¬, jm¿P 1,250201 ‰n. sI. sNdn-bm≥, Xmg-tØ-S-Øv, aW¿ImSv 1,050202 Ãm v̂ C¥y hpUv C/o _n\p-tam≥ h¿°n 1,070203 amXyqkv tPmk-̂ v,

sP. sP. IΩyq-Wn-t°-j≥kv 1,001204 hn. kn. Ipcp-hn-f, htg-∏-d-ºn¬, Ab¿°p∂w 1,001205 sjh. DΩ-®≥, th¶-SØv 1,001206 kn. Fw. kv°dn-bm, hmg-°m-em-Nn-d-bn¬, hmgq¿ 1,001207 sdPn. kn. G{_-lmw, Nnd-°p-gn-bn¬, amßm\w1,001208 tPm¨ kn. ]o‰¿, s]cp-hØv Ing-t°-Xn¬,

h≠n-s∏-cn-bm¿ 1,001209 Ipcp-hnf Nmt°m, Ing-t°-®n-d-Ø-d, \cn-bw-]md 1,001210 A∂Ω amXyp, s\Spw-X-d-bn¬, aW¿ImSv 1,001211 _n\p hnt\m-Zv, tIm -́∏p-dØv I¨kv{S-£≥kv,

s]cp-ºm-bn-°mSv 1,001212 t__n amXyp, t__nPn {Sm≥kvt]m¿ v́, sX≈Iw 1,001213 hn. kn. Cu∏≥, Nn‰-\n-°m-em-bn¬ 1,001214 tKm]n]n≈, AtimI tlm´¬, kw{Im¥n 1,001215 ]n. kn. De-l-∂m≥, ]p-√-Øn¬, s]cp-ºm-bn-°mSv 1,001216 kqk≥ Ipcp-hn-f, If-∏p-c-bv°¬ 1,001217 G{_lmw h¿Kokv & ^man-en, ]Sn-™m-sd-°p‰v 1,001218 hcp¨ Ipcp-hn-f, ]pØ≥]p-c-bn¬, kw{Im¥n 1,000219 \n¿Ωe ]p∂qkv 1,000220 arZpem amXyp 1,000221 sdPn hen-b-]-d-ºn¬ 1,000222 hn. Fw. amXyp, XS-Øn¬, ]m°n¬ 1,000223 ]n. Fw. amWn, {]m∏p-g-bn¬ 1,000224 Gen-bmkv amdm-t®-cn¬ 1,000225 kPo-hv, IÆm-º-S-Øn¬, s]cp-ºm-bn-°mSv 1,000226 Ão^≥, I√p-¶¬, tImX-aw-Kew 1,000227 h¿°n tXma-kv, Ad-hp-am-°¬, hS-hm-Xq¿ 1,000228 sI. kn. amXyp, I√p-¶{X 1,000229 sdPn-tam≥, \mep-I-≠-Øn¬ 1,000230 A∂ Ipcp-hn-f, If--cn-°¬, ]mºmSn 1,000231 A\n¬ sNdn-bm≥, ]pØ≥]-d-ºn¬ 1,000232 sI. C. G{_-lmw, _n.-F-kv.-F≥.-F¬. tIm´bw 1,000233 b¬tZm, ]≠-πm-°¬, A¶-amen 1,000234 sI. sI. sF∏v, sIm´p-∏-f-fn-°-tcm-́ v, sNss∂ 1,000

235 F≥. sI. ss\\m≥, \S-bn¬, amßm\w 1,000236 ]n. Fw. amWn, aT-Øn¬]d-ºn¬, thfq¿ 1,000237 _n\p Ae-Ivkv, ]oSn-I-bn¬ 1,000238 h¿Kokv tPm¨, sIm√-°m-́ p-]p-√m-Sn-bn¬,

Cc-hn-t]-cq¿ 1,000239 _nt\m Cu∏≥, Nq≠-a-Æn¬, ao\Sw 1,000240 ]n. sF. Ipcy≥, ]mtd-°p-fw, ]≈w 1,000241 Nmt°m Ipcym-t°m-kv, Be-°-f-Øn¬ 1,000242 H. ‰n. Ipcy≥, H‰-πm-°¬ 1,000243 t{Kkn, ]gq¿ Ing-t°-Xn¬ 1,000244 F. hn. tXmakv 1,000245 km_p, Ip‰n-°¬, ]pØ-\-ßmSn 1,000246 G{_lmw amXyp, atcm-́ n-∏-d-ºn¬ 1,000247 tPmbn, hb-em-‰n¬, \m´Iw 1,000248 F. F. amXyp, Ce-Øm-\Øv 1,000249 tPmfn tXmakv Ce-hp-I-Sp-∏n¬ 1,000250 sI. kn. h¿Ko-kv, sIm®-°-c, Iqtcm-∏S 1,000251 amXyp Ipcp-hn-f, C´n-tb-S-Øv, sh≈q¿ 1,000252 kqk≥ tPm¨, C√n-∏-d-ºn¬, tIm´bw 1,000253 A\o‰ A∂ Ão^≥, I√p-¶¬, tImX-aw-Kew 1,000254 sI. Fw. G{_-lmw, Xma-c-sh-≈n-°m-hn¬,

s]cp-ºm-hq¿ 1,000255 ‰n. Fw. a¿t°m-kv, ap°m-en-Ø-d, ]md-ºpg 1,000256 tagvkn tPm¿Pv, {kmI-Øv, ]mºmSn 1,000257 enk-Ω, h -́bv°m-́ p-Imem 1,000258 Fw. kn. G{_-lmw, aW-Øm-‰n¬, Hf» 1,000259 ]n. Fw. DXp-∏v, ]pØ≥Nn-d-bn¬, thfq¿ 1,000260 tXmakv & A\p ]pØ≥Nn-d-bn¬, thfq¿ 1,000261 at\mPv amXyp, Bcym-S≥]m-°¬, sNßfw 1,000262 H. F≥. cmPp, ]Xn-s\-́ n¬, ]pØ≥]-dºv 1,000263 kn. Fw. A∂-Ω, sXt°-®n-d, Xncp-hm¿∏v 1,000264 Gen-bmΩ tXma-kv, I -́∏p-d-Øv, apdn-°Sn 1,000265 kn. hn. tP°-_v, tN¿t°m-Wn¬, sh≈q¿ 1,000266 kn. sI. h¿Ko-kv, sNºn-Ø-d, ]≈w 1,000267 Fw. amXyp, a©-bn¬, ]cn∏v 1,000268 kn. F. h¿Ko-kv, sNdp-I-c-bn¬,

]pfn-°¬°-he 1,000269 tdmbn ]n. tXma-kv, ]pØ≥]-d-ºn¬, Xncp-h√ 1,000270 ‰n. hn. ]ueq-kv, XS-Øn¬, ]pXr° 1,000271 Znhym amXyp, tImt®-cn¬, G‰p-am-\q¿ 1,000

250

272 kqkΩ hc-º-I-Øv, Nß-\m-t»cn 1,000273 amXyp kJdn-b, ]d-tßm-́ v, sX≈Iw 1,000274 sI. kn. tP°-_v, I∂p-Ip-gn-bn¬, ]ßS 1,000275 eoem-aWn ]n. F≥.

_n.-F-kv.-F≥.-F¬. tIm´bw 1,000276 Pn\p G{_-lmw, sNΩm-Øv, If-a-t»cn 1,000277 hn. ]n. jmPn, CS-Øn-\Iw, \´m-t»cn 1,000278 tacn tPm¿Pv, a\-bn¬, s]cp-ºm-bn-°mSv 1,000279 tP°_v hb-em-́ v, ]pØ≥]-d-ºn¬, \m´Iw 1,000280 kt¥mjv hn. sF∏v, ]md-∏p-dw, ]≈w 1,000281 ]n. sP. hn≥sk‚ v, s]m∂pw-]p-c-bv°¬,

ap≠w-th-en, sIm®n 1,000282 timimΩ sNdn-bm≥, bp.-F-kv.-F. 1,000283 {]n≥kv tXma-kv, ac-ßm-́ n¬, hS-hm-Xq¿ 1,000284 tPmWn sP. ]Sn-™m-‰n¬ 1,000285 AeIvkv h¿Ko-kv, kuØv C≥Uy≥

thÃv t]∏¿, Fkv.-F-®v. au≠v 1,000286 tdmbn, IWn-bmw-Ip-fw, Km‘n-\-K¿ 1,000287 tPmkv ]qgn-°p-t∂¬ 1,000288 Ipcy≥ tPmkv, I√q-∏-d-ºn¬, ]≈w 1,000289 tXmakv hmg-∏-{X, ]≈w 1,000290 C´n sNdn-bm≥, ]oSn-I-bn¬, ]≈w 1,000291 tP°_v tXma-kv, IptΩ-en¬, ]≈w 1,000292 F. ‰n. ^nen-∏v, tPmkv hn√, ]md-ºpg 1,000293 APo-jvIp-am¿, G‰p-am--∂q¿ 1,000294 Xºn sI. h¿Ko-kv, Ip∂Øv, t]cq¿ 1,000295 kn. kn. h¿Ko-kv, Nm°m-t»-cn¬, t]cq¿ 1,000296 ]n. hn. tPm¿Pv, HX-f-Øpw-aq-́ n¬ 1,000297 C´n Fw. tPm¨, atcm-́ n-∏-d-ºn¬, sNßfw 1,000298 A\n¬ ]n. Ipcp-hn-f, ]pfn-°-∏-d-ºn¬,

sNßfw 1,000299 km_p Ipcy≥, I√-d-bv°¬, sX≈Iw 1,000300 t_m_n amXyp, Imhp-¶¬, Aco-∏-dºv 1,000301 kPn ‰n. amXyp, Xmg-tج, s]cp-ºm-bn-°mSv 1,000302 hnP-b≥, IZ-fn-°m-em, s]cp-ºm-bn-°mSv 1,000303 Gen-bmΩ amWn, sImt√-en¬, Ipam-c-\-√q¿ 1,000304 kqkΩ t]mƒ, CS-Øn-\-Iw, \´m-t»cn 1,000305 A\p sI. Gen-bm-kv, Im™n-c-°m-́ v, amdmSn 1,000306 sdPn sska¨, amen-bn¬, ]pØ-\-ßmSn 1,000307 ]n. F. tP°-_v, ]\-bn-S-Øp-t»-cn¬,

kuØv sNßfw 1,000308 s_∂n amXyq-kv, B\n tImt -́Pv,

s]cp-ºm-bn-°mSv 1,000

309 Ãm≥en AeIvkv & s_≥kn,am¿ At{]w N¿®v, hS-hm-Xq¿ 1,000

310 tPm¨ ^nen-∏v, Abva\w 1,000311 kmdmΩ tXma-kv, tXm∏n¬ 1,000312 tacn tPmk-̂ v, apwss_ 1,000313 t_m_≥ tPm¨, CS-b-Ø-d, hS-hm-Xq¿ 1,000314 amXyqkv Ipcy≥, tNco-Ø-d, Hf» 1,000315 km_p amXyp, ap°n-Sn-bn¬, ]md-ºpg 1,000316 kmw amXyp, amΩq-́ n¬ lukv, ]pXp-∏≈n 1,000317 tagvkn km_p, sIm´p-∏-≈n¬, thfq¿ 1,000318 tUm. ]p∂qkv tXma-kv, ]pXp-ho-́ n¬ 1,000319 cmPp Fw. Ipcy≥, aßm-́ v, D≈q¿,

Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw 1,000320 H. kn. amXyp, H‰-Øn¬, Xncp-hm¿∏v 1,000321 \oXp tP°-_v, Ab-em-́ p-t»-cn, _mw•q¿ 1,000322 _m_p sNdn-bm≥, ssI∏-≈n¬,

sNßfw kuØv 1,000323 Xºn, ]qgn-°p-t∂¬ 1,000324 sI. Fw. amWn, Iq´p-¶¬, s]cp-ºm-bn-°mSv 1,000325 sNdn-bm≥ amXyp, thß-S-Øp-Nn-d-°¬, ao\Sw 1,000326 sP n, CS-a-\-bn¬, amS-°¬, aW¿ImSv 1,000327 tXmakv tPmk-̂ v, ]pØ≥I-≠-Øn¬ 1,000328 X¶-®≥ amXyp, hoUntbm thƒUv,

Km‘n-\-K¿ 1,000329 cmPp kmap-th¬, Ntßm-Øp-h-S-t°-Xn¬,

ap´w, ]¥fw 1,000330 sPkn, apI-tf¬, s]cp-ºm-bn-°mSv 1,000331 amXyq-kv, ]n. sP. t{SUnwKv Iº\n, ]mem 1,000332 h¿Kokv Ipcy≥, ]pØ≥]p-c-bn¬, tImØe 1,000333 sI. kn. amXyp, IÆ-t®¬, s]cp-ºm-bn-°mSv 1,000334 B≥k≥ tPm¿Pv, Hmen-bn¬, Ipdn®n 1,000335 tPmk v̂ tPm¿Pv, NmØp-Ipfw 1,000336 kn. C. a¿t°m-kv, Nnc-h-Ød 1,000337 ]n. hn. ]p∂q-kv, ]p∂q¿ lukv, aW¿ImSv 1,000338 im¥Ω Nm≠n, Icn-bn¬, aW¿ImSv 1,000339 Ão^≥ I√p-¶¬, tNemSv 1,000340 kn. Ipam¿, ]pØ≥]-d-ºn¬, s]cp-ºm-bn-°mSv 1,000341 kptam≥ amXyp, hS-t°-Ip-gn-°m-́ n¬,

Aa-b-∂q¿ 1,000342 cmP≥ amXyp, s]cn-tbm¿a-‰w, Aco-∏-dºv 1,000343 Ipcy≥, F¬_m t{StU-gvkv, sX≈Iw 1,000344 M/s K.P.L. Crane Service, aW¿ImSv 1,000

\º¿ IpSpw-_-\m-Ys‚/-\m-Y-bpsS

t]cpw ho´p-t]cpw\º¿ IpSpw-_-\m-Ys‚/-\m-Y-bpsS

t]cpw ho´p-t]cpw

XpI XpI

251

345 F. hn. a¿t°m-kv, Bcym v́ lukv, Ipdn®n 1,000346 sIm®p-tam≥ sI. F¬.,

F¬.-F-kv. dt∫-gvkv, aW¿ImSv 1,000347 Zneo]v amXyp k°-dn-bm, sh´p-Ip-t∂¬ 1,000348 im¥Ω tXma-kv, XS-Øn¬,

sIm®p-a-‰w, ]ø-∏mSn 1,000349 tdmbn thf-a-‰w, s]cp-ºm-bn-°mSv 1,000350 dn\p tP°-_v, Ab-em-‰p-t»-cn¬, _mw•q¿ 1,000351 tPm¿Pv tPmk-̂ v, a∂w-]-≈n¬,

s]cp-ºm-bn-°mSv 1,000352 ]n. ]n. Ipcy≥, ]pd-tØ-́ v, t]cq¿ 1,000353 tdmbn Ipcy≥, amcpXn ¢n\n-°v, If-Øn-∏Sn 1,000354 adn-bmΩ Ipcy≥, hmbv]q-°-c, ]≈w 1,000355 _n\p t]mƒ ]n. amWn, {]m∏p-g, Abva\w 1,000356 ]n. ‰n. Ipcym-t°m-kv, ]md-bn¬ 1,000357 _nPn {]n≥kv, B™n-en-tØm-∏n¬,

Idp-I-®m¬ 1,000358 sjh. hn. hn. amWn, hdp-ß-Wm-bn¬, aW¿ImSv 1,000359 sI. Fw. amWn, Imem-bn¬]-d-ºn¬, Aa-b-∂q¿ 1,000360 jmPn ^nen-∏v, ]md-bv°¬ 1,000361 I\-I-cmPv tXma-kv,

s\_n≥hn-√, s]cp-ºm-bn-°mSv 1,000362 Fen-k-t_Øv A`n-em-jv, I≠≥]-d-ºn¬,

Ac-b≥Imhv 1,000363 ]n. sP. tPmk-̂ v, ]mwπm-\n-bn¬, \´m-t»cn 1,000364 ]n. Fkv. djo-Zv, entbm tImt´Pv 1,000365 kmen G{_-lmw, h -́bv°m-́ p-°mem 1,000366 hn. sP. DΩ≥, hmWn-b-∏p-c-bv°¬,

Imk¿tKmUv 1,000367 sI. kn. aØm-bn, sIm®p-Im-em-bn¬ a‰w 1,000368 kp\n¬ tPm¿Pv, At©-cn¬, aW¿ImSv 1,000369 ]n. hn. G{_-lmw, ]pd-tØ-́ v, hS-hm-Xq¿ 1,000370 kt¥mjv G{_-lmw, Icn-t®-cn¬, HmXd 1,000371 sPbvtam≥ tPmk-̂ v, Bim-cn-∏-d-ºn¬ 1,000372 sI. sP. tPmk-̂ v, sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ 1,000373 ]n. hn. amXyp, aW-epw-̀ m-K-Øv, a‰-Øn¬ 1,000374 Nm≠n G{_-lmw, Ip∂p∏p-d-Øv,

B\hn-emkw 1,000375 Hcp hnizmkn (Rt.No. 597) 1,000376 Pbvk¨ kmap-h¬ 1,000377 sI. ‰n. tPm¨ Iq´p-¶¬, ]pXp-∏≈n 866378 cmPp ]≈n-∏pdw 800379 _m_p G{_-lmw, \μn-Ip-t∂¬ 750

380 kPohv & tkmPn, IÆm-ºSw 750381 F.-Fw. adn-bmΩ ta\mw-]-≈n-bn¬, ]md-tØm-Sv 700382 ]n. hn. kv°dn-b, ]d-∏-≈n¬, sh≈q¿ 600383 sI. FIvkv. B‚-Wn, Ipcn-in-¶¬, Ipam-c-\-√q¿ 600384 Pbm ^nen-∏v, a\n-°-te-́ v, ssaemSn 550385 kn. sI. a¿t°m-kv, hmg-°m-em-Nn-d-bn¬, hmgq¿ 501386 F. F. N{μ≥, H‰-πm-°n¬, ]md-ºpg 501387 Ip™p-Ip-™v, s\Sp-º-d-ºn¬ 501388 Zo]vXn tÃmgvkv, kw{Im¥n 501389 sI. ]n. G{_-lmw, Idp-I-∏-Sn-bn¬, sNßfw 501390 I\-IΩ jmPn, IpØp-I-√p-¶¬ 501391 tPmbn G{_-lmw, dm°p-gn ]pØ≥]p-c-bn¬,

tIme-t©cn 501392 F≥. sP. h¿Ko-kv, \m™n-e-Øv, Xncp-hm-¶pfw 501393 an\n j¨ap-J≥, sXm´n-°m-em-bn¬, kw{Im¥n 501394 PnPn G{_-lmw, Ctº-en¬ 501395 X¶Ω Cu∏≥ IWn-bmw-]-d-ºn¬ 500396 Xºm≥ tXma-kv, Nqc-°m-́ n¬ 500397 G{_lmw tIm -́bn¬ aW¿ImSv 500398 tXmakv, ]pØ≥]p-c, tImcp-tØmSv 500399 cmtP-{μ≥, Ipgn-bm-ºm v́ 500400 km_p kv°dn-b, Itcm-s -́ap-dn-bn¬,

Fkv.-F≥.-]pcw 500401 ]n. Un. amWn, Ip∂w-Iq-́ v, sI.-F-kv.-C.-_n.,

]mem 500402 hn. Fw. G{_-lmw, hmX-√q¿, aW¿ImSv 500403 G{_lmw Ipcym-t°m-kv, Be-°-f-Øn¬ 500404 ]p∂≥ Ipcy≥, I√p-¶{X 500405 kqkΩ kv°dn-bm, Ip‰n-∏p-dØv 500406 t‰man Noam-t®-cn¬ 500407 cmPp 500408 h¿Kokv _m_p, ]mWw-]-d-ºn¬ 500409 hmh-®≥, sXt°¬, sNdp-hm-≠q¿ 500410 sI. hn. Ipcy≥, Ipgn-°m-em-bn¬, B¿∏q-°c 500411 tamfn tXm´p-¶¬, ]m°n¬ 500412 A®mΩ tXma-kv, ]Sn-™m-sd-ho-Sv, hmI-Øm\w 500413 A\nXm kqk≥ tXma-kv, sImf-ºp-d-Øv,

tImgn-t°mSv 500414 B\n-bΩ, H‰-ssØ-øn¬ 500415 s_‰n kqk≥ sF∏v, IWn-bm-́ p-Im-em-bn¬ 500416 APn, C/o ]n. Fkv. Ipcy≥, ]pfn-°m-́ p-aTw 500417 sF∏v h¿Ko-kv, sNºn-Ø-d, ]≈w 500

\º¿ t]cpw ho´p-t]cpw \º¿ t]cpw ho´p-t]cpwXpI XpI

252

418 sPkn t__n, ]pXp-®n-d, Ipa-cIw 500419 Ipcp-hnf sI. amWn, Icn-º-∂q¿, aW¿ImSv 500420 ]n. sI. amXyp, ]b-º-≈n, Ipdn®n 500421 kp\n¬ tZh-kym, s]m∂m-c-Øn¬ 500422 G{_-lmw, s]m°-Øv, hmbn-{], aqhm-‰p-]pg 500423 ]n. kn. De-l-∂m≥, t]cq-am-en¬, t]cq¿ 500424 X¶-∏≥, Xn\-°p-gn, ]≈n-∏pdw 500425 h¿Kokv DXp-∏v,

Be-bv°m-]-d-ºn¬, Xncp-h-©q¿ 500426 kuaym tPm¨, apt´¬, thfq¿ 500427 hn. ]n. IrjvW≥Ip-́ n, hmg-°mem 500428 jmPn kÆn, Ipdn-™n-°m-Sv, t]cq¿ 500429 sI. kn. P\o-e, sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ 500430 F≥. ]n. amXyp, s\Sp-¥-d-bn¬ 500431 £am-tamƒ, A_p-Zm_n 500432 C. Pn. tPm¨, FÆ-bv°¬, ]m°n¬ 500433 tagvkn cmPp, sIm´m-c-Øn¬,

BZn-®-s\-√q¿, sIm√w 500434 ‰n. Fw. amXyp, XnSp-Xn-Sp-∏n¬, ]mºmSn 500435 {^m≥knkv F. Fkv.,

_n.-F-kv.-F≥.-F¬. tIm´bw 500436 tPmk-̂ v, Imcn-°m-Sw, ]m°n¬, ]≈w 500437 NpΩm¿ tXma-kv, ]qgn-°p-t∂¬ 500438 jmPn Ipcy≥, ]md-∏p-d-Øv, ]≈w 500439 cmtP-{μ≥, Ipgn-bm-ºm v́ 500440 Fw. sP. C´n, aßm-́ v, sNßfw 500441 tPmWn s]m°p-Sn-bn¬, t]cq¿ 500442 ^nen∏v s]m°p-Sn-bn¬, t]cq¿ 500443 sI. hn. G{_-lmw, Ip∂-Øv, t]cq¿ 500444 tPm¨k¨ h¿Ko-kv, ]p√m-́ p-Nn-d-bn¬,

hmI-Øm\w 500445 sI. Fw. tPm¿Pv, I√p-]-d-ºv, ]pXp-∏≈n 500446 tPmk v̂ Ipcy≥, aßm-́ v, sNßfw 500447 cmPΩ tPm¨, ]pfn-°-∏-d-ºn¬, sNßfw 500448 ]n. kn. h¿Ko-kv, ] -́Øm-\-Øv, sNßfw 500449 sI. kn. Nmt°m, a≈n-bn¬, ]pXp-∏≈n 500450 tXma-kv, B\p-th-en-Ø-e-bv°¬, sX≈Iw 500451 sF∏v amXyp, Bcym-S≥]m-°¬, sNßfw 500452 F¬kn t_m_n, ]pØ≥Nn-d-bn¬, thfq¿ 500453 kn. ]n. tXma-kv, hnØp-h-́ n-bn¬,

s]cp-ºm-bn-°mSv 500

454 eo\m tXmakv & B≥kn X¶-Ω,am¿ At{]w N¿®v, hS-hm-Xq¿ 500

455 A`n-emjv, IZ-fn-°mem 500456 sdPn t]mØ≥, tat®-cn¬, aW¿ImSv 500457 {io[-c≥, IpS-I-t»-cn¬, \´m-t»cn 500458 hn. F. tXma-kv, hmtg-∏-d-ºn¬, sh≈q¿ 500459 kv°dn-bm, agp-h≥tN-cn¬, s]cp-ºm-bn-°mSv 500460 amXyp, ]mWm-]-d-ºn¬, Aco-∏-dºv 500461 PnΩn-®≥ sI. tPm¿Pv,

sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬, AXn-c-ºpg 500462 Fw. kn. tPmk-̂ v, aqe-bn¬, sNßfw kuØv 500463 tP°_v I -́°p-gn, sNßfw 500464 kÆn h¿Ko-kv, IÆm-ºSw 500465 sI. hn. sk_m-Ãy≥, IÆm-ºSw 500466 cmL-h≥]n-≈, ]pØ≥]-d-ºn¬ 500467 tkma≥]n-≈, kz]v\-̀ -h≥ 500468 Pn≥kn I≠w-sI-́ n-b-Xn¬ 500469 kqkΩ I≠w-sI-́ n-b-Xn¬ 500470 IrjvW-∏≥, sIm®p-sXm-́ n-bn¬ 500471 ‰n.-Fw. Nmt°m, ssXtN-cn¬, Xncp-hm¿∏v 500472 M/s sFizcy tamt -́gvkv, Nhn-́ p-hcn 500473 _nt\mbv hS-t°-°c 500474 adn-bm-Ω, hb-em-‰n¬, \m´Iw 500475 kpKp-W≥, Iq´p-¶¬, kw{Im¥n 500476 ]n. Fw. adn-bm-Ω, tat\mw-]-≈n¬ 500477 im¥Ω tPm¨ 500478 an\n tPm¨, hc-Ip-Im-em-bn¬ 500479 tPm¨ kn. Ipcy≥, ]pXp-∏-d-ºn¬, Ißg 500480 cP\n & kPn hen-b-ho-́ n¬ 500481 jo_m tdm_n≥, amt¶m-́ n¬, KpP-dmØv 500482 tPmk v̂ tXmakv h-́ -®n-d, ]pXp-∏-d-ºn¬ 500483 Hcp hnizmkn 500484 sI. kzman 500485 kptcjv 500486 ^nen∏v 500487 seb tacn a\p 500488 ]n. ‰n. tXma-kv, ]pfn-°-∏-d-ºn¬, sNßfw 400489 .sI. ‰n. sdPn-tam≥, Bbp¿thZ tlmkv]n-‰¬,

tIm´bw 300490 sI. F. tPm¿Pv,

]n. sP. t{SUnwKv Iº-\n, ]mem 300

\º¿ t]cpw ho´p-t]cpw \º¿ t]cpw ho´p-t]cpwXpI XpI

253

\º¿ t]cpw ho´p-t]cpw \º¿ t]cpw ho´p-t]cpwXpI XpI

491 s{]m^. C. kn. cmPp, Ce-™n-°¬, sNßfw 300492 kn. Fw. km_p, Noam-t®-cn¬ 300493 ]n. ‰n. Ipcy≥, tIm´p-hn-cp-Øn¬, Aa-b-∂q¿ 300494 adn-bmΩ sNdn-bm≥, I√q-∏-d-ºn¬, ]≈w 300495 Pb≥, ]≈n-∏pdw 251496 kPntam≥ hn. ]n., \o≠q-t»-cn-bn¬ 251497 X¶-a-Wn, sF°-c-∏-d-ºn¬ 250498 KoXp cmPv, aßm-́ p-°mem 250499 kn‘p kXojv 250500 h¿Kokv tPm¨, C√n-®n-d-bn¬ 250501 _nPp Gen-bm-kv, Ip∂pw-]p-d-Øv, hmc-s∏´n 250502 Nn∂Ω Nmt°m, ]\-bv°¬, ]pen-°p-́ n-t»cn 250503 Ipcy≥ aqte-∏-d-ºn¬, t]cq¿ 250504 cmPΩ \o≠q-t»-cn¬ 250505 Gen-bmkv Cutim, hnØp-h-́ n-bn¬, Ipa-cIw 250506 Pbvk¨ h¿Ko-kv, ss\tØ-cn¬, ]≈w 250507 tamfn-°p´n G{_-lmw, ]S-\n-e-Øv, ]md-ºpg 250508 ]n. kn. G{_-lmw, ]Sn-™m-sd-ap-dn, Ge-∏md 250509 ]n. kn. Nmt°m, ]Sn-™m-sd-ap-dn, Ge-∏md 250510 cLp-\m-Y≥, aW-te¬, \´m-ticn 250511 km_p sNdn-bm≥, ]p√-Øn¬ 250512 kPn & ken Ipgn-bn¬, hmI-Øm\w 250513 sI. Pn. taml-\≥, sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ 250514 tamfn tPmk v̂ hen-b-]-d-ºn¬, Xncp-h-©q¿ 250515 kPn\n kPn, hen-b-]-d-ºn¬, Xncp-h-©q¿ 250516 Ip™p-tam≥, IZ-fn-°m-em-bn¬ 250517 jo_m amXyp, If-Øn-∏Sn 250518 kv°dn-b, a©-bn¬, ]cn∏v 250519 ]n. Fkv. em¬_n, Bbp¿thZ tlmkv]n-‰¬ 250520 F_n sI. h¿Ko-kv, a‰-Øn¬, ]md-ºpg 250521 ]n. kn. sNdn-bm≥,

]Sn-™m-sd-ap-dn-bn¬, Ge-∏md 250522 ]n. kn. Ipcy≥, ]Sn-™m-sd-ap-dn-bn¬, Ge-∏md 250523 Gen-bmΩ amXyp, aW-Ø-d, ]pXp-∏≈n 201524 ]n. hn. tPm¿Pv, Ipcp-hn-S-Øv, ]pØ≥]p-c-bn¬ 200525 sI. hn. Atim-I≥,

Bbp¿tΔ-Z tlmkv]n-‰¬, tIm´bw 200526 \mY≥ 200527 _memPn 200528 X¶Ω tPm¨, sNdp-h-≈mØv 150529 Ip™p-tamƒ km_p, amßm-∏-≈n, Ipdn®n 150

530 aØmbn, ]Sn-™m-sd-I-√p-¶¬ 105531 jmPn I\-IΩ 101532 jmPn IpØp-I-√p-¶¬ 101533 tkma≥, Ipf-Øn-¶¬ 101534 b¬tZm Gen-bmkv 101535 adn-bmΩ, ]S-°m-́ v, \´m-t»cn 100536 sI. ‰n. tXma-kv, I°m-\n-bn¬ 100537 sI. sI. cmPp, Im\m-́ p-Xp-≠-Øn¬ 100538 tXmwk¨, ]qh-Øq¿ 100539 hn. Fkv. Ipcy≥, shfp-{], ]pXp-∏≈n 100540 KncnP 100541 A∂Ω, tIm -́∏p-d-Øv, hmI-Øm\w 100542 kn. sP. tPmk-̂ v, Ipº-f-Øn-°mem 100543 {ioIm-¥v, sNdp-hn-c-en¬ 100544 tPm¿Pv tPm¨, It√m-en-°¬, IpØm-́ p-Ipfw 100545 Iuam tlmw, Ipgn-°m-́ n¬, apS-°pg 100546 tkmWn h¿Ko-kv, Bcym-S≥]m°¬ 100547 eqkn-bmΩ tPmkv, sI.-F-kv.-C.-_n. ]mem 100548 cP\n cmPvtaml≥, sIm®p-sXm-́ n-bn¬ 100549 A\n-b≥, ao\Sw 100550 tXmakv tPm¨, atcm-́ n-∏-d-ºn¬, sNßfw 100551 km_p tPm¨, _n.-F-kv.-F≥.-F¬., tIm´bw 100552 cmP≥, sNß-g-t»-cn-bn¬, s]cp-ºm-bn-°mSv 100553 tim -̀\, ]pXp-∏-d-ºn¬ 100554 adn-bmΩ, hmWn-b-∏p-c-bv°¬, ap≠-°bw 100555 inh≥ sNt¶m-́ -bn¬, s]cp-ºm-bn-°mSv 100556 Ipcp-hnf tPm¨, h -́th-en¬, hS-hm-Xq¿ 100557 ktcm-Pn-\n, sIm®p-sXm-́ n-bn¬ 100558 X¶-Ω, sIm´p-∏-≈n-°-tcm v́ 100559 tP°_v 100560 AtPm tPm¨, s]cp-º-\Øv hS-hm-Xq¿ 100561 PqUv s^¿Wm-≠kv 100562 APnXv 100563 {]Zo]v 100564 _memPn 100565 cmwZmkv 100566 knPp Un. 50567 kp\ojv India woods 50568 cmPp F. Fw. India woods 50569 sI. ddn. _m_p CS-∏-≈n-°m-em-bn¬ 50

BsI 14,35,860

254

\º¿ t]cpw ho´p-t]cpw \º¿ t]cpw ho´p-t]cpwXpI(Zp_mbvZn¿lw)

XpI(Zp_mbvZn¿lw)

V. tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW^≠n-te°v Zp_m-bn¬\n∂v

a¿t°mkv amXyp Ccp-́ p-am-en¬ aptJ\ e`n®Xv

kw`m-h\ \¬Inb hy‡n-I-fpsS t]cpw XpIbpw (Zp_mbv Zn¿lw)

1. A\ojv tPm¨, tIm´bw. (Zp_mbv) 1002 Pnj sI. amWn, Ccp-́ p-am-en¬. (Zp_mbv) 1003. tP°_v Ipcy≥, Ccp-́ p-am-en¬. (Zp_mbv) 1004. tPmjn sFk-°v, tIm´bw. (Zp_mbv) 1005. \mcm-b-W≥, Cutdmkv {Kq∏v. (Zp_mbv) 506. aW-hm-f≥, Cutdmkv {Kq∏v. (Zp_mbv) 507. N{μ≥, Cutdmkv {Kq∏v. (Zp_mbv) 258. DÆn-°r-jvW≥, t_mIvkv 47447. (jm¿P) 509, APn-XvIp-am¿ Fw., Cutdmkv {Kq∏v. (Zp_mbv) 2510. {]tamZv ]n., Cutdmkv {Kq∏v. (Zp_mbv) 6011. KwK, ]me-°mSv. (Zp_mbv) 2512. tdm_n≥ B≥{Uqkv, Cutdmkv {Kq∏v. (Zp_mbv) 5013. Pem¬ ]Wn-°¿, Cutdmkv {Kq∏v. (Zp_mbv) 2514. cmPp bp., Cutdmkv {Kq∏v. (Zp_mbv) 2515. kn¬sh-kv{So, Cutdmkv {Kq∏v. (Zp_mbv) 2516. sdPn Koh¿Kokv, Cutdmkv {Kq∏v. (Zp_mbv) 5017. AtUm¨ + Ae≥, tIm´bw. (Zp_mbv) 10018. tPmjntam≥ ]n. Fw.,

]pfn-am≥Xp-≠-Øn¬. (Zp_mbv) 5019. _n\p kn. tImc, hmg-°m-em-Nn-d-bn-¬. (Zp_mbv) 5020. kp\n¬Ip-am¿, ae-∏pdw. (Zp_mbv) 5021. jm\n¬, Xr»q¿. (Zp_mbv) 2522. _§mKn ]-©m-_v, Cutdmkv {Kq∏v. (Zp_mbv) 5023. sdPn-tam≥ tPm¿Pv, IÆq¿. (Zp_mbv) 5024. hnt\m-Zv, a{Zmkv. (Zp_mbv) 5025. adnbw Zo\m tP°-_v, tIm´bw. (Zp_mbv) 50026. aZ≥em¬ t\-∏mƒ, Cutdmkv {Kq∏v. (Zp_mbv) 2527. sF{]n≥, Cutdmkv {Kq∏v. (Zp_mbv) 2528. B¿. Ipam-c≥ sN-ss∂,

Cutdmkv {Kq∏v. (Zp_mbv) 5029. kn. kn. tPm¨, sNdp-hn-c-en¬. (jm¿P) 10030. Ipcy≥, t]cq¿. (Zp_mbv) 10031. Nmƒkv, Xncp-h-©q¿. (Zp_mbv) 10032. amXyp, I -́∏\. (Zp_mbv) 200

33. amXyp ^nen-∏v, ]pØ≥]d-ºn¬, Hf». (Zp_mbv) 20034. _neohv kn tPmbn, ]ndhw. (Zp_mbv) 20035. C. kn. tXmakv, tIm´bw. (Zp_mbv) 10036. jmPn ]m∏≥, ASq¿. (Zp_mbv) 10037. sdPn, ASq¿. (Zp_mbv) 5038. kmPp, l-_o_v t_°-dn,

aqhm-‰p-]pg.(Zp_mbv) 20039. tj°v kq¿, t_mw-s_,

F.-B¿.-Pn. F©n-\o-b-dnwKv. (Zp_mbv) 2540. jmPp, Cutdmkv {Kq∏v. (Zp_mbv) 2041. kn≤m¿∞v, Cutdmkv {Kq∏v. (Zp_mbv) 5042. Pnkvtam≥ tPmk-̂ v,

F.B¿.Pn F©n-\o-b-dnwKv. (Zp_mbv) 5043. A\n¬, tkmfntIm. (jm¿P) 5044. sk_n≥ _m_p, H-‰-]m-ew,

F.-B¿.-Pn. F©n-\o-b-dnwKv. (Zp_mbv) 5045. hnt\mZv, tIm-́ -bw, (Zp_mbv) 10046. IZn¿, F.-B¿.-sP. F©n-\o-b-dnwKv. (Zp_mbv) 2547. A\ojv (sN-ss∂), tlmdn-k¨ (U-Iv‰v)

Zp_mbv 5048. bqk v̂ (sN-ss∂), tlmdn-k¨ (U-Iv‰v)

Zp_mbv 2549. sk¥n¬ (sN-ss∂), Cutdmkv {Kq∏v

Zp_mbv 2550. sk¬h≥ (sN-ss∂), F.-B¿.sP.

F©n-\o-b-dnwKv. Zp_mbv 10051. inh (sN-ss∂), F.-B¿.-sP.

F©n-\o-b-dnwKv. Zp_mbv 2552. efn-Xmkv (tIm-́ -bw), F.-B¿.-sP.

F©n-\o-b-dnwKv. Zp_mbv 2553. Ipcym-t°mkv bp. Fw. dmt∂m,

F.-B¿.-Pn. F©n-\o-b-dnwKv. Zp_mbv 2554. C. ‰n. tXma-kv, tIm´bw. jm¿P 10055. hn. ]n. ^nen-∏v, t]m∏-≈n, tIm´bw. jm¿P 100

255

\º¿ t]cpw ho´p-t]cpw \º¿ t]cpw ho´p-t]cpwXpI(Zp_mbvZn¿lw)

XpI(Zp_mbvZn¿lw)

56. {]Imiv (]-¥-fw),

F.B¿.-sP. F©n-\o-b-dnwKv. Zp_mbv 2557. ap°nw (apw-ss_), F.-B¿.-sP. F©n-\o-b-dnwKv

Zp_mbv 2558. tam≥kn G{_-lmw, sh≈q¿,

tIm´bw. Zp_mbv 15059. Fw. Un. cmP≥, Cutdmkv {Kq∏v. Zp_mbv 5060. jnPn tPmbn, A¬sj^m. (Zp_mbv) 5061. kμo]v ]n. \mb¿, A¬sj^m. (Zp_mbv) 5062. a\p h¿Ko-kv, A¬sj^m. (Zp_mbv) 5063. A\p tKm]n-\m-Yv, A¬sj^m. (Zp_mbv) 2564. F sh¬ hnj¿, A¬sj^m. (Zp_mbv) 1065. B\μv ‰n. B¿., A¬sj^m. (Zp_mbv) 1066. tUm. Xkv\ow CPm-kv, A¬sj^m. (Zp_mbv) 10067. tUm. ]n. _n. _jo¿, A¬sj^m. (Zp_mbv) 10068. ap\o¿, F.-B¿.-sP. F©n-\o-b-dnwKv. (Zp_mbv) 2569. Dtajv tj¿fn, amw•q¿. (Zp_mbv) 5170. cmtP-jv, F.-B¿.-sP. F©n-\o-b-dnwKv. (Zp_mbv) 5071. h¿Kokv (B-e-∏p-g),

F.-B¿.-sP. F©n-\o-b-dnwKv. (Zp_mbv) 5072. kmP≥, F.-B¿.-sP. F©n-\o-b-dnwKv. (Zp_mbv) 5073. sdbvk≥, F.-B¿.-sP. F©n-\o-b-dnwKv. (Zp_mbv) 5074. k_o¿, F.-B¿.-sP. F©n-\o-b-dnwKv. (Zp_mbv) 2575. kmPp-±o≥, F.-B¿.-sP. F©n-\o-b-dnwKv. (Zp_mbv)2576. iymw, F.-B¿.-sP. F©n-\o-b-dnwKv. (Zp_mbv) 2577. _nPp, F.-B¿.-sP. F©n-\o-b-dnwKv. (Zp_mbv) 2078. tXma-kv, F.-B¿.-sP. F©n-\o-b-dnwKv. (Zp_mbv) 2579. Pn. Fkv. {]kmZv, F.-B¿.-sP.

F©n-\o-b-dnwKv. (Zp_mbv) 10180. jn_p, F.-B¿.-sP. F©n-\o-b-dnwKv. (Zp_mbv) 25

81. Ip™v, F.-B¿.-sP. F©n-\o-b-dnwKv. (Zp_mbv) 5082. jm\n, F.-B¿.-sP. F©n-\o-b-dnwKv. (Zp_mbv) 5083. a\p A\n-cp-≤≥,

F.-B¿.-sP. F©n-\o-b-dnwKv. (Zp_mbv) 2584. amXyp tXma-kv, Cutdmkv {Kq∏v. (Zp_mbv) 10085. aWn-I-WvT≥, F.-B¿.-sP. F©n-\o-b-dnwKv.

(Zp_mbv) 10086. F. Pb-Ip-am¿, F.-B¿.-sP. F©n-\o-b-dnwKv.

(Zp_mbv) 10187. chn, F.-B¿.-sP. F©n-\o-b-dnwKv. (Zp_mbv) 2588. jmP-lm≥, F.-B¿.-sP. F©n-\o-b-dnwKv.

(Zp_mbv) 2589. apØv, F.-B¿.-sP. F©n-\o-b-dnwKv. (Zp_mbv) 2590. _nt\-jv, F.-B¿.-sP. F©n-\o-b-dnwKv. (Zp_mbv) 2591. Xph-\m-kv, F.-B¿.-sP. F©n-\o-b-dnwKv. (Zp_mbv)2592. Iem-[-c≥, F.-B¿.-sP. F©n-\o-b-dnwKv. (Zp_mbv)2593. kp\n¬, F.-B¿.-sP. F©n-\o-b-dnwKv. (Zp_mbv) 2594. Ntμiz¿ {]km-Zv,

F.-B¿.-sP. F©n-\o-b-dnwKv. (Zp_mbv) 2595. Pb-cm-Pv, Cutdmkv {Kq∏v. (Zp_mbv) 5096. {]Imiv amXyp, tIm´bw. (jm¿P) 25097. Ia¬\m-Yv,

F.-B¿.-sP. F©n-\o-b-dnwKv. (Zp_mbv) 10198. s_∂n tPmkv, Cutdmkv {Kq∏v. (Zp_mbv) 2599. ss^kp-≈, F.-B¿.-sP. F©n-\o-b-dnwKv.

(Zp_mbv) 25100. aeoi & eqbn-kv, Ccp-́ p-am-en-bn¬, tIm´bw.

(U¬ln). 1016425- Dubai Dirham

BsI ( 84,262)

\º¿ t]cpw ho´p-t]cpw XpI

( )

VI. {io. km_p tP°_v aßm-́ p-aTw aptJ\ UAE bn¬ \n∂v e`n®Xv

1. kt¥mjv aØmbn 1000

2. Nn∂Ω tPm¨ 500

3. kp\n¬ ]n. tPm¨ 500

4. tdmbn sFk°v 500

5. kpe tdmbn 500

6. timimΩ sFk°v 500

7. tPm¨ tImc 500

8. tamfn tPm¨ 500

9. Acp¨ tPm¨ 500

10. A\n-b≥ tPm¨ 500

BsI 5500

\º¿ t]cpw ho´p-t]cpw XpI

( )

256

VII. {io. Pn‰p G{_lmw ]gq¿ ]Xn-s\-́ n¬ aptJ\ bp.-sI.-bn¬\n∂v e`n®Xv

\º¿ t]cpw ho´p-t]cpw \º¿ t]cpw ho´p-t]cpwXpI(bp.-sI.

GBP)

XpI(bp.-sI.

GBP)

1 ^nen∏v tXmakv &B\n ^nen∏v. bp.-sI. 50

2 hn¬k¨ hn. tZhkn &dmWn hn¬k¨. bp.-sI. 20

3 _nPp Cutim. bp.-sI. 10

4 Pn≥kv tP°_v & B\n tP°_v. bp.-sI. 20

5 kPn tPmk v̂ & im¥n kPn. bp.-sI. 15

6 tXmakv tPm¿Pv & cmPn tXmakv. bp.-sI. 30

7 sdPn ssa°nƒ & sP\nb sdPn. bp.-sI. 20

8 _nt\mbn h¿Kokv &aRvPp _nt\mbn. bp.-sI. 25

9 t]mƒ & kmdm kmep. bp.-sI. 20

10 ‰ntPm Ptbjv tXmakv &‰o\ ‰ntPm. bp.-sI. 15

11 kn. sP. tPm¿Pp-Ip-́ n. bp.-sI. 15

12 ssa°nƒ Ipcy≥ & _nPp keo≥. bp.-sI. 5

13 ‰nt‰m tXmakv & s_kn ‰nt‰m. bp.-sI. 20

14 s_t_mbn h¿Kokv- &\njn s_t_mbn. bp.-sI. 30

15 k]n≥kv ]p∂≥ &kp\n-tamƒ k]n≥kv. bp.-sI. 20

16 ‰nkn¬ Nm≠n & jnPn ‰nkn¬. bp.-sI. 20

17 tPmPn sska¨ & kp[ tPmPn. bp.-sI. 20

18 k©p ‰n. h¿Kokv & _n≥kn k©p.bp.-sI. 20

19 t_kn¬ h¿Kokv & _nμp t_kn¬.bp.-sI. 10

20 F_n Ipcy≥ & ssj\n F_n. bp.-sI. 10

21 tj¿fn tP°_v &tP°_v ^nen∏v. bp.-sI. 10

22 _m_p tPm¨ & dPo\ _m_p. bp.-sI. 5

23 _n_n tXmakv & sFhn _n_n. bp.-sI. 20

24 tImin ‰n. kn. & jm‚n tImin. bp.-sI. 20

25 tPmPn ^nen∏v &tPmbnkv tPmPn. bp.-sI. 15

26 t__n Gbv©-en¬ Pn‰p. bp.sI 5

27 h¿Kokv t]mƒ. bp.-sI. 10

28 ‰nkn¬ Nm≠n & jnPp ‰nkn¬. bp.sI 20

BsI £ 500

( 36,500)

VIII. {io. sI. C. Ipcym-t°mkv Icn-∏m¬ aptJ\ e`n®Xv

1. Fw. kn. h¿Kokv aW-te¬, fm°m-́ q¿ 20000

2. Fw. Fw. amXyp, Manja, Andheri, West Mumbai 18000

3. Nidesh Kumar Patna 10500

4. cm[m-Ir-jvW≥ amS-Øm-\n, Ip∂pw-]p-dw,hmg-∏≈n 10001

5. Donald Carvalho, Mumbai 10000

6. Spyrioon Nivag &family Greece 10000

7. Rafat Labbere, Jarjour, Jarmana,Demascus 7000

8. Captain RajeevKumar, Andheri East Mumbi 5000

9. Acp¨ _m_p,hcn-°-∏-d-ºn¬, CSp°n 5000

10. {]n≥kv amXyp, ]pØ≥]o-Sn-I-bn¬, aqea‰w 5000

11. Kennet D’ souza, Mumbai 5000

12. kpss_¿ apl-ΩZv, Idm®n 4600

13. PmshZv an¿k CIv_m¬ ]m°n-ÿm≥ 4600

14. DÆn-Ir-jvW≥ ssX∏-d-ºvaTw 4600

\º¿ t]cpw ho´p-t]cpw \º¿ t]cpw ho´p-t]cpwXpI

( )XpI

( )

15 Vidate Joseph, Ahmed Nagar 4500

16. Fernandez Panjium Goa 2500

17. Cruz Panjium Goa 2500

18. Pn_n≥ tXmakv amfn-tb-°¬thfq¿ 2500

19. P. I. Baig Pakistan 2200

20. M. P. Singh Mumbai 2000

21 tZhnI cmPv, ssh‰n-e, sIm®n 1500

22. H. Fw. h¿Ko-kv, Hmen-°¬, ]mºmSn 1001

23. Pb≥ tP°-_v, s\≥a-e, ]mºmSn 1000

24. cmPp tPmkv, tcmlnXv hn√, ASq¿ 1000

25. t{]w s_©-an≥,

Sadi Vihar Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw 1000

26. hn. hn. cmP≥, hS-°≥, Xriq¿ 500

27. tPmk v̂ t]mƒ, ap´p-Nn-d, tIm´bw 500

BsI 142002

257

1. C-S-h-Imw-K-ßfn¬ \n∂pw

1. cmP≥ kmw ASp-ap-dn-bn¬ 5,00,0002. sI. sI. sF∏v Icn-∏m¬ 5,00,0003. ]n. ]n. G{_lmw

]pØ≥]p-c-bn¬ ap -́Øn-Ød 5,00,0004. ]n. Fw. amXyp ]gq¿ ]pØ≥]pc 4,00,0005. hn. ]n. F¬tZm sh≈-®m-en¬ 1,70,0006. G{_lmw Nmt°m cma-\m-́ p-X-d-bn¬ 1,00,0007. tam´n tP°-_v aßm-́ p-aTw 1,00,0008. sI. sI. tPmk v̂ If¿a-‰-Øn¬ 1,00,0009. cRvPnØv Ipcp-hnf If-Øp-]-Sn-°¬ 1,00,00010. timimΩ h¿Kokv

Ad-bv°-]-d-ºn¬ ]md-°m-em-bn¬ 1,00,000

\º¿ t]cpw ho-́ p-t]cpw XpI ( )

11. sI. Fw. Ipcym-t°m-kv

sIm®p-a-ßm-´p-Ime 50,00012. sI. F. cmPp sIm√≥In-g-t°-Xn¬ 50,00013. F_n≥ cmPp sIm√≥In-g-t°-Xn¬ 50,00014. C. Fw. t]mØ≥ Cug-am-en¬ 50,00015 tPm¨ tP°_v aßm-́ p-aTw 50,00016. ]n. sF. amWn ]gq¿ ]≈n-∏pdw 30,00017. ]n. hn. amXyp ]gq¿ hmg-°me 30,00018. C. Fw. t__n amt∏m-Sn-bv°¬ 25,00019. jnPp kn. kn. sNcn-hp-Im-em-bn¬ 25,000

BsI 29,30,000

\º¿ t]cpw ho-́ p-t]cpw XpI ( )

2. C-S-h-ImwK-߃ A√m-Ø-hcn¬ \n∂pw

1. Ão^≥ tXmakv aW-∏p-dØv, s]cp-ºm-bn-°mSv 2,00,000

2. tPmkv sNdn-bm≥ Imhp-¶¬, ]ßS 2,00,000

3. dh. ^m. amXyqkv Imhp-¶¬, ]ßS 1,00,000

4. ]n. Fw. h¿°n Xm∂n-°m v́, adn-b-∏≈n 1,00,000

\º¿ t]cpw A{Ukpw XpI ( ) \º¿ t]cpw A{Ukpw XpI ( )

5. shcn. dh. Ipcym-t°mkvtImsd-∏n-kvt°m-∏m In-g-t°-SØv, aW¿ImSv 50,000

6. Fw. sI.-h¿Kokv a\-bn-S-bn¬, ........................ 50,0007. tamfn ^nen∏v awK-eØv, aW¿ImSv 50,0008. sI. ‰n. tPm¨ Iq´p-¶¬, .............................. 10,000

BsI 7,60,000

3. tjm¿ v́ tSw tKmƒUv tem¨

1. ]n. Fw. amXyp ]gq¿ ]pØ≥]p-c-bn¬ 50,0002. ]n. sI. F{_lmw ]gq¿ ]Xn-s\-́ n¬ 50,0003. sI. F. cmPp sIm√≥In-g-t°-Xn¬ 25,0004. sI. sF. tPm¿÷v sIm´p-∏-≈n-°-tcm v́ 25,0005. sI. hn. h¿Kokv sIm´p-∏-≈n-°-tcm v́ 25,000

\º¿ t]cpw t]cpw ho-́ p-t]cpw XpI ( ) \º¿ t]cpw t]cpw ho-́ p-t]cpw XpI ( )

6. tPm¨ tP°_v aßm-́ p-aTw 25,0007. C. Fw. t__n amt∏m-Sn-bv°¬ 25,0008. ]n. hn. amXyp ]gq¿ hmg-°me 25,0009. F{_lmw Nmt°m cma-\m-́ p-X-d-bn¬ 25,00010. ]n Fw. tPmk v̂ ]gq¿ Ipgn-bm-ºm v́ 25,000

BsI 3,00,000

B. ]≈n- ]p-\¿\n¿ΩmW ^≠n-te°v hmbv] \¬In-b-h¿

258

\º¿ ]ckyw \evInb hy‡n-bpsS/ÿm]-\-Øns‚ t]cv XpI ( )

1. ioam´n tIm´bw 22,0002. t•m_¬ C‚¿s\‰v Is^, ]d-tßm v́ _n¬UnwKv 10,000

kw{Im¥n

3. tPmkvtIm ^mj≥ Pqh-te-gvkv, tIm´bw 10,0004. ]pfn-aq-́ n¬ kn¬°v tIm´bw 10,0005. Pwkv kn≥Un-t°‰v aW¿ImSv tIm´bw 10,0006. sk‚ v tXmakv ^¿Wn-®¿ am¿ v́, kw{Im¥n 10,0007. F. B¬_¿ v́ ImcpWy I¨kv{S£≥kv, ]mºmSn 10,0008. tdmb¬ am¿_nƒkv & {Kmss\‰v ap´p-Nnd 10,0009. ]mw I¨k¬sS≥kv, KpP-dmØv 10,00010. amcpXn C≥Ukv{Sokv, aW¿ImSv 5,00011. sh≈m-a-‰-Øn¬ kna‚ vkv, G‰p-am-\q¿ 5,00012. amXm sa‰¬kv & Ão¬kv, sX≈-Iw, tIm´bw 5,00013. Aº-\m v́ knhn¬ sSIv, 101 PwKv£≥, G‰p-am-\q¿ 5,00014. Nmgn-t»-cn¬ ^man-en, s]cp-ºm-bn-°mSv 5,00015. tdmkv H]v‰n-°¬kv, G‰p-am-\q¿ 5,00016. Im°-\m v́ Kymkv GP≥kokv, sX≈-Iw, tIm´bw 5,00017. {]oan-b¿ {Kmss\-‰v, hbem 5,00018. sI. sI. sF∏v, ]\-t®-a‰w ^manen 5,00019. kmPvtIm C≥U-kv{So-kv, Ipdn-®n, tIm´bw 5,00020. A°mΩ t]mØ≥ aßm-́ p-Im-em-bn¬ 5,00021. emw_vkv & sse‰vkv Nß-\m-t»cn 5,00022. ]b-\n-b¿ Aep-an-\nbw lukv, Nß-\m-t»cn 5,00023. kzkvXnIv Ão¬kv tIm´bw 5,00024. If-Øq∏-Sn-bv°¬ t{StU-gvkv, Fkv. F®v. au≠v, tIm´bw 5,00025. kpc£ an∂¬ c£m-Nm-e-Iw, ASn-®n-d, tIm´bw 3,00026. tlman-tbm-∏-XnIv kq∏¿kvs]-jym-en‰n tlmkv]n-‰¬

\mK-ºSw tIm´bw 3,00027. dmhqkv tlman-tbm-∏-XnIv kq∏¿kvs]-jym-en‰n

¢n\nIv & dntk¿®v sk‚¿ \mK-ºSw, tIm´bw 3,00028. kÆn tP°_v Pqh-te-gvkv, tIm´bw 3,000

BsI 1,89,000

C. Zn\]{X kπn-sa‚ n¬ ]c-ky-߃ \evIn-b-h¿

259

tZhme-b-Øn-te°v Bcm-[\m D]-I-c-W-ßfpw a‰v

kma-{Kn-Ifpw t\¿®-bmbn ka¿∏n-®-h-cpsS enÃv

I. tZhm-eb apJm-c-Øn¬ ÿm]n-®n-́ p≈ sÃbn≥Uv If¿ •m v Nn{X-߃.1. hn. ssZh-am-Xmhv : _nPp tPm¿÷v Dutcmw-]-d-ºn¬

2. hn. Koh¿Kokv klZm : ssjPn kn. amXyp. sNdp-hn-c-en¬, imtemw.

3. hn. bqlm-t∂m≥ amwtZm\m : sI. sI. Ipcy≥ IÆ≥sXm-́ n-bn¬

II. tZhm-eb aZv_-lm-bpsS Ing-°p-h-iØv ÿm]n-®n-́ p≈ samssk°v

If¿ •m v Nn{X-߃

1. hn. ssZh-am-Xmhv : APnØv Ipcp-hnf If-Øp-]-Sn-bv°¬

2. hn. Koh¿Kokv klZm : ]n. sF. amWn ]gq¿ ]≈n∏pdØv

3. hn. bqlm-t∂m≥ amwtZm\m : sI. sI. ]oen-t∏mkv Ipº-f-Øn¬

4. ]cn-ip≤ dqlmbpsS {]XoIw : jnPp kn. kn. sNcn-hp-Im-em-bn¬

III. ]≈n-b-I-Øp≈ sÃbn≥Uv •m v Nn{X-߃1. hn. ssZh-am-Xmhv : ]n. Fw. amXyp ]gq¿ ]pØ≥]p-c.

2. hn. Koh¿Kokv klZm : Xºm≥ ]n. h¿Kokv ]pd-tØ v́

3. hn. bqlm-t∂m≥ amwtZm\m : A°mΩ t]mØ≥ aßm-́ p-Im-em-bn¬

IV. \mSIime-bnepw Ccp-h-i-ß-fnepw ÿm]n-®n-́ p≈ t^mt´m-Iƒ (4 FÆw)hn. a¿Ø-a-dnbw h\nXm kam-Pw, sk‚ v tacokv N¿®v \oen-aw-Kew

V. I¬°p-cniv1. sI. C. Ipcym-t°mkv Icn-∏m¬

2. hn. sI. aØmbn hS-s°-]p-d-tØ v́

VI. ]≈n-bpS {][m\ hmXn¬kmPp h¿Kokv πm∏-d-ºn¬

VII. P\-¬ (2 FÆw)]n. sI. tPm¿÷v ]gq¿ Ing-t°-Xn¬

VIII. Xq°v hnf°vF{_lmw Nmt°m, cma-\m-́ p-X-d-bn¬

IX. amtΩm-Zokm sXm´nsI. F. cmPp sIm√≥In-g-t°-Xn¬

260

X. \a-kvImc taisI. sI. sF∏v Icn-∏m¬

XI. ¢Ã¿ emw_vkv (A-e-¶mc hnf-°p-Iƒ)1. cmP≥ kmw ASp-ap-dn-bn¬ ˛ 2 FÆw(a-Zv_-lm, ssl°em)

2. Cu∏≥ Nmt°m Cug-am-en¬ (A-gn-°-Iw)

3. sI. ]n. amWn IWn-bm-́ p-Im-em-bn¬ (ssl-°-em-)

4. sI. F. ]p∂qkv Idp-I-∏-Sn-bn¬ Abva\w (ssl-°-em-)

XII. {]kwK ]oTwCu∏≥Nm-t°m, Cug-am-en-bn¬

XIII. _kv°p-Znim (`m-Kn-Iw)jn_p sNdn-bm≥, Nnd-∏p-dØv

XIV. Xnc-»oe]n. Fw. sdPn ]\-t®-a‰w

XV. NntØm-e-°q´wt{Kkn amen-bn¬, ]≈n-∏pdw

XVI. Gh≥tK-en-tbm≥ taiCu∏≥ Nmt°m, Cug-am-en-bn¬

]n. hn. amXyp, ]gq¿ hmg-°me

XVII. aZv_-lm-bnse Im¿∏‰vPn_p amWn, aÆq¿

XVIII. sagp-Ip-Xncn Imep-Iƒ, XIvkm Ãm‚p-Iƒ, Ipcn-iv, Imkm, ]nemkm apX-em-b-h.sI. kn. Nmt°m, I≠w-sI-́ n-b-Xn¬

XIX. s]U-ì ^m≥1. APnØv Ipcp-hn-f, If-Øp-]-Sn-bv°¬ ˛ (2 FÆw)

2. tPm¨ tP°_v aßm-́ p-aTw ˛ (2 FÆw)

XX. thmƒ ^m≥1. h¿Kokv Ah-f-t°m-́ n¬ ˛ (2 FÆw)

2. tam≥kn sI. amWn I≠w-sI-́ n-b-Xn¬ ˛ (2 FÆw)

XXI. koenwKv ^m≥1. dh. ^m. Ipcym-t°mkv πmº-d-ºn¬

2. sF∏v Ipcp-hnf ]gq¿ sXt°¬ (2 FÆw)

3. sI. bp. s_∂n sIm®o]-Sn-bv°¬ (2 FÆw)

261

4. arZpem adnbw tP°_v ]pØ≥]p-c-bn¬

5. hnt\mZv tPm¿÷v tP°-_v, ]pØ≥]p-c-bn¬

6. hn. Fkv. t]mØ≥ (tPm-bn) ]pd-tØ v́

7. ]n. Fw. h¿°n ]gq¿ Ing-t°-Xn¬

8. ]n. sI. tXmakv ]gq¿ ]´m-Wn-°membn¬

9. sI.-Fw. tXma-kv I≠w-sI-́ n-b-Xn¬

10. sNdn-bm≥ amWn ]≈n-∏p-dØv

11. hn. sF. tImcpf cma-\m-́ p-X-d-bn¬

12.]n. hn. h¿Kokv ]gq¿ hmg-°me

13. sI. Fw. Ipcym-t°m-kv, sIm®p-a-ßm-́ p-Ime

14. sI. Fw. tXmakv Ipgn-bm-ºm v́

15. ]n. sI. G{_lmw cma-\m-́ p-X-d-bn¬

16. sk‚ v tacokv tI‰-dnwKv & k¿Δokv, ]≈n-∏pdw

17. sI. hn. amØ≥ Ccp-́ p-am-en-bn¬

18. F_n≥ cmPp sIm√≥In-g-t°-Xn¬ (2 FÆw)

19. kmw ]n. amXyp ]gq¿ ]≈n-∏p-dØv

20. AeIvkv πm]-d-ºn¬ (4 FÆw)

21. tImc amØ≥ amt∏m-Sn-bv°¬ (2 FÆw)

22. sI. kn. km_p sNdp-hn-c-en¬

23. kn. tImc sNdp-hn-c-en¬ (3 FÆw)

24. ]n. sI. amXyp ]gq¿ ]´m-Wn-°m-em-bn¬ (2 FÆw)

25. kn. F. Ipcym-t°m-kv, sNßm-en-a‰w

26. sPÃn≥ kn. tPmkv. sNcn-hp-Im-em-bn¬

27. hnPp kn. kn. sNcn-hp-Im-em-bn¬

28. A\q]v G{_-lmw, aW-∏p-dØv

29. ]n. sI. G{_lmw ]gq¿ ]Xn-s\-́ n¬

30. X¶Ω amWn \´m-t»-cn-bn-SØv

31. dmWn tXmakv ]g-©n-d-aq-e-bn¬, hmI-Øm\w

32. Xºn hm°t®-cn¬˛ (2 FÆw)

33. ]p∂qkv amXyp, ]d-tßm-́ v, sX≈Iw

XXII. ‰yq_v sk‰p-Iƒ1. De-l-∂m≥ hmg-°mem, ]pd-tØ v́ (20 FÆw)

2. sI. bp. tPm¨, sIm®o]-Sn-bv°¬, (2 FÆw)

3. sPkn apI-tf¬ s]cp-ºm-bn-°m-Sv, (2 FÆw)

4. Pn≥kn I≠w-sI-́ n-b-Xn¬

5. kqkΩ I≠w-sI-́ n-b-Xn¬

6. A\q]v G{_lmw aW-∏p-dØv

7. tPm¿÷v sIm´p-∏-≈n-°-tcm v́

8. sadn≥ tacn amXyp ]gq¿ ]pØ≥]pc

XXIII. hn. Ip¿∫m\{Iaw1. G{_lmw kmw Ipº-f-Øn¬ (100 FÆw)

262

\μn

\oen-aw-Kew sk‚v tacokv bmt°m-_mb kpdn-bm-\n-∏-≈n-bpsS ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW {]h¿Ø-

\-ß-fn-epw, aqtdm\-̀ n-tjI IqZmibnepw ]¶m-fn-Ifm-Ip-hm≥ e`n® A\p-{K-lsØ Hm¿Øv

\ap°v ssZhsØ kvXpXn-°mw. tZhm-eb IqZm-i-bpsS `mK-ambn Cu CS-h-I-bpsS Ncn{Xw,

]p\¿\n¿ΩmW dnt∏m¿´v, hchv ˛ sNehv IW°v XpS-ßnbh Dƒs∏-SpØn ""tZhm-eb

]p\¿\n¿ΩmW kvac-WnI 2010'' {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-hm≥ CS-hI Xocp-am-\n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

CXns‚ DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw G¬∏n® A∂p apX¬ Cu CS-h-I-bpsS b»-kn\v tbmPn-°pw-hn[w

Hcp kvac-Wn-I ˛ AXmbn-cp∂p Rß-fpsS Ffnb {i-aw. Cu ZuXyw G‰hpw `wKn-bm-°n-

Øo¿°p-hm≥ klm-bn-®-h¿°pw kl-I-cn-®-h¿°pw \μn Adn-bn-°p-hm≥ Cu Ah-kcw hn\n-

tbm-Kn-°p-∂p. ]pXp-°n-∏-WnX tZhm-e-b-Øns‚ t{XmtWm-kn¬ ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ine

Bio¿h-Zn®v A\p-{K-ln® BI-am\ kpdn-bm\n k`-bpsS ]c-am-≤y-£-\mb tamdm≥ tam¿

CKv\m-Øn-tbmkv kmJm {]Y-am≥ _mhm-tbm-Sp≈ `‡n _lp-am-\m-Z-c-hp-Iƒ IrX-⁄-Xm-

]q¿Δw Xr∏m-Z-ß-fn¬ ka¿∏-n°p-∂p. Cu kvac-Wn-I-bn-te°v A\p-{K-l-I-ev]\ X∂ t{ijvT

ImtXm-en°m B_q≥ tam¿ _tk-en-tbmkv tXmakv {]Y-a≥ _mhm-bv°pw, A`n-hμy tXmakv

am¿ Xotam-Øn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n°pw {]tXyI \μn Xr∏m-Z-ß-fn¬ ka¿∏n-°p-∂p. Biw-km-k-

tμ-i-߃ Ab-®p-X∂ _lp. apJy-a-{¥n, {]Xn-]£ t\Xm-hv, hcpw Xe-ap-d-bpsSBflob

hf¿®bv°v DX-Ip∂ teJ-\-߃ Ab-®p-X∂ A`n. Xncp-ta-\n-am¿°pw, hμy sshZnI

t{ijvT¿°pw, a‰v IrXn-Iƒ \¬In-b-h¿°pw tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-epw,

tZhm-eb aqtdm-\-̀ n-tjI IqZm-i-bn-epw, s]cp-\m-fm-tLm-j-ß-fnepw BZy¥w kl-I-cn® F√m

alXvhy‡n-Iƒ°pw \μn Adn-bn-°p-∂p. Cu kvac-Wn-I-bpsS {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ klm-bn®

hnIm-cn, kl-hn-Im-cn, tZhm-eb ]p\¿\n¿ΩmW Ãnb-dnwKv IΩ-‰n-bw-K-߃, ]≈n amt\-PnwKv

IΩ-‰nbwK-߃, CS-h-I-P-\-߃, ]ckyw X∂v kl-I-cn-®-h¿, kvac-WnI Unssk≥ sNbvXv

{]n‚v sNbvXv \¬Inb aW¿ImSv Pntbm {]nt‚-gvkv XpS-ßn-b-h¿°pw Cu kph-\o¿ {]kn-≤o-

I-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v kl-I-cn® as‰-√m-h¿°pw \μn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

kvt\lm-Z-c-ß-tfm-sS,

FUn-t‰m-dn-b¬ t_m¿Uw-K-߃