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8/3/2019 SS of Testicular Cancer
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ss-of-testicular-cancer 1/16
TESTICULAR CANCERPrepared by: (GROUP II)
Alvarez, DianeBatalon, HollandBigornia, EmelyCainap, Jenrey
Ducayag, MarjorieGasmen, Kristell Joy
Hernandez, AllanQuintos, AizlyTesoro, Medel
8/3/2019 SS of Testicular Cancer
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DEFINITION
• Occurs in the testicles (testes), whichare located inside the scrotum, a
loose bag of skin underneath thepenis.
• Most common cancer in menbetween ages of 15-40 years old,although it can occur in any age.
8/3/2019 SS of Testicular Cancer
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STAGING
• Stage I – cancer has not spreadbeyond the testicle
• Stage II – cancer has spread to lymphnodes in the abdomen
• Stage III – cancer has spread beyondthe lymph nodes (it could be as far asthe liver, lungs, or brain)
8/3/2019 SS of Testicular Cancer
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TYPES OF CANCER
• Seminoma. Tumors occur in all agegroups, but if an older man develops
testicular cancer, it is more likely to beseminoma..
• Nonseminoma. Tumors tend todevelop earlier in life and grow andspread rapidly.
8/3/2019 SS of Testicular Cancer
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Risk Factors
• Cryptorchidism (undescended testes)• Family history of testicular cancer• HIV infection• Age
• Race and ethnicity• Body size
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CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
• Testicular tumor is hard, painless.• Heavy and enlarged testis w/o pain is a
significant diagnostic finding
• Dull aching pain in the lower abdomen• Backache• Weight loss• General weakness• In some cases epididymis may develop
because of inflammation or gynecomastia(enlarged breasts) may become evident ifhormones are secreted by the tumor.
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DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
• CT Scan – to determine the spread of the disease to thelymph nodes
• Lymphangiography – to assess the extent of tumor spread
to the lymphatic system• Chest X-ray – to assess for metastatis in the lungs.• Biopsy – encourages the spread and recurrence of the
tumor, exploration for diagnosis must be performed
carefully.• MRI – to assess the brain and spinal cord for metastasis• Ultrasound examination – to determine the presence and
size of the testicular mass.
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TREATMENT
• Surgery (orchiectomy – does not usuallyinterfere with sexual function)
• Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection
(RPLND) – performed after orchiectomy toprevent lymphatic spread of the cancer.• Radiation therapy – uses high-powered
energy beams, such as X-rays, to kill cancercells; delivered only to affected side; the othertestis is shielded from radiation to preservefertility
• Chemotherapy (greatly improve theprognosis)- uses drugs to kill cancer cells
8/3/2019 SS of Testicular Cancer
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PHARMACOTHERAPHY
• Carboplatin (Paraplatin)
• Cisplatin (Platinol)
• Vinblastine (Velban)
• Bleomycin (Blenoxane)
• Etoposide(Etopophos)
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NURSING CONSIDERATION
Remind the importance of
performing TSE or Testicular Self
Examination which contribute to the
early detection .
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Nursing interventions (radiation therapy)
• Observe for early signs of skin reaction andreport to the physician
• Keep area dry
• Wash area with water; no soap and pat dry(do not rub). Mild soap is permitted.• Do not apply ointments, powders or lotion in
the area. Cornstarch may be used.
• Do not apply heat; avoid direct sunshine orcold in the area.• Use soft cotton fabrics for clothing. To
prevent skin irritation.
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Continue …
• Infection – due to bone marrow suppression• Monitor blood count weekly, especially WBC.• Good personal hygiene , nutrition and adequate
rest• Hemorrhage – platelets are vulnerable to radiation• Monitor platelet count• Avoid physical trauma• Monitor stool and skin for signs of hemorrhage• Fatigue – result of high metabolic demands for
tissue repair and toxic waste removal
• Plenty of rest and good nutrition
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SURGICAL MANAGEMENT (Orchiect
• Explain the procedure and reassure the patient beforeorchiectomy
• Reassure him that sterility and impotence need not follow
unilateral orchiectomy, that synthetic hormones canrestore hormonal balance, and that most surgeons don’tremove the scrotum, a testicular prosthesis can correctanatomic disfigurement.
• Provide appropriate care after orchiectomy• Apply an ice pack to the scrutom and provide analgesic
as ordered for the first day after surgery
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Continue . .
• Check for excessive bleeding, swelling and signsof infection
• Provide a scrotal athletic support to minimize pain
during ambulation• Give antiemetics as needed during chemotherapy• Encourage small, frequent meals to maintain oral
intake despite anorexia
• Establish a mouth care regimen and check forstomatitis
• Watch for signs of myelosuppression
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POSSIBLE COMPLICATIONS
• Abdomen• Lungs• Retroperitoneal area (the area near the
kidneys)• Spine
Complications of surgery can include:• Bleeding and infection after surgery• Infertility (if both testicles are removed)
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Thank you for listening !!