Appendices

APPENDIX 1 REFERENCES

Canadian Malnutrition Task Force (CMTF) Publications 1. Allard, J.P., Jeejeebhoy, K.N., Laporte, M., Gramlich, L.,Duerksen, D., Payette, H., Bernier, P., Keller, H. (2011). Malnutrition in Canadian Hospitals: Preliminary Results from the Canadian Malnutrition Task Force (CMTF). Clinical Nutrition Vol 6(1): pg. 218 2. Keller H, Allard J, Laporte M, Payette H, Jeejeebhoy K, Duerksen D, Gramlich L, Bernier P. Older adults in Canadian hospitals: Nutritional status. Abstract Book (Online http://www.cagacg.ca/files/ASEM-RSEA2011_Abstracts_FINAL.pdf) 40th Annual Scientific and Education Meeting, CAG & 4th Pan American Congress, IAGG, 2011 pg. 39-40. 3. Keller, H., Allard, J., Bernier, P. Duerksen, D., Gramlich, L, Jeejeebhoy, K., Laporte, M., Payette, H. (2011). What do patients say about nutrition care in Canadian Hospitals? Clinical Nutrition Vol 6(1): pg. 212. 4. Keller H.H., Vensaver E, Davidson B, Allard J, Laporte M, Bernier P, Payette H, Jeejeebhoy K, Duerksen D, Gramlich L.(2014). Provideing quality nutrition care in acute care hospitals: perspectives of nutrition care personnel. J Hum Nutr Diet. 27,192-202 5. Donald R Duerksen MD, Heather H. Keller PhD, Elisabeth Vesnaver MSc, Johane Allard MD, Paule Bernier RD, Leah Gramlich MD, Hélène Payette PhD,Manon Laporte RD8, Khursheed Jeejeebhoy MD PhD. Physicians’ perceptions regarding the detection and management of malnutrition in Canadian Hospitals: Results of a Canadian Malnutrition Task Force Survey (JPEN 2014 in press) 6 CMTF web-sites International Publications 1. Guigoz Y. The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) review of the literature. What does it tell us? J Nutr

Health Aging 2006;10(6):466-85; discussion 85-7. 2. Pirlich M, Schutz T, Norman K, Gastell S, Lubke HJ, Bischoff SC, et al. The German hospital malnutrition

study. Clin Nutr 2006;25(4):563-72. 3. Banks M, Ash S, Bauer J, Gaskill D. Prevalence of malnutrition in adults in Queensland public hospitals

and residential aged care facilities. Nutrition & Dietetics 2007;64(3):172- 78. 4. Kondrup J, Sorensen JM. The magnitude of the problem of malnutrition in Europe. Nestle Nutrition

Workshop Series Clinical & Performance Program 2009;12:1-14. 5. Waitzberg DL, Caiaffa WT, Correia MI. Hospital malnutrition: the Brazilian national survey

(IBRANUTRI): a study of 4000 patients. Nutrition 2001;17(7-8):573-80. 6. Aghdassi E, McArthur M, Liu B, McGeer A, Simor A, Allard JP. Dietary intake of elderly living in Toronto

long-term care facilities: comparison to the dietary reference intake. Rejuvenation Res 2007;10(3):301-9. 7. Singh H, Watt K, Veitch R, Cantor M, Duerksen DR. Malnutrition is prevalent in hospitalized medical

patients: are housestaff identifying the malnourished patient? Nutrition 2006;22(4):350-4. 8. Villalon L, Laporte M, Carrier N. Nutrition screening for seniors in health care facilities: a survey of health

professionals. Can J Diet Pract Res 2011;72(4):162-9. 9. Choban PS, Flancbaum L. The impact of obesity on surgical outcomes: a review. Journal of the American

College of Surgeons 1997;185(6):593-603. 10. Wells JC. Obesity as malnutrition: the role of capitalism in the obesity global epidemic. Am J Hum Biol

2012;24(3):261-76. 11. Pirlich M, Schutz T, Kemps M, Luhman N, Minko N, Lubke HJ, et al. Social risk factors for hospital

malnutrition. Nutrition 2005;21(3):295-300. 12. Amaral TF, Matos LC, Teixeira MA, Tavares MM, Alvares L, Antunes A. Undernutrition and associated

factors among hospitalized patients. Clinical Nutrition 2010;29(5):580-5. 13. Kondrup J, Johansen N, Plum LM, Bak L, Larsen IH, Martinsen A, et al. Incidence of nutritional risk and

causes of inadequate nutritional care in hospitals. Clinical Nutrition 2002;21(6):461-8. 14. Hernandez AV, Kaw R, Pasupuleti V, Bina P, Ioannidis JPA, Bueno H, et al. Association between obesity

and postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing cardiac operations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2013;96(3):1104-16.

15. Markoff B, Amsterdam A. Impact of obesity on hospitalized patients. Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine 2008;75(5):454-9.

16. Stein PD, Goldman J. Obesity and thromboembolic disease. Clinics in Chest Medicine 2009;30(3):489-93. 17. Finkelstein EA, Khavjou OA, Thompson H, Trogdon JG, Pan L, Sherry B, et al. Obesity and severe

obesity forecasts through 2030. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2012;42(6):563-70. 18. Wolf AM, Finer N, Allshouse AA, Pendergast KB, Sherrill BH, Caterson I, et al. PROCEED: Prospective

Obesity Cohort of Economic Evaluation and Determinants: baseline health and healthcare utilization of the US sample. Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism 2008;10(12):1248-60.

19. Anis AH, Zhang W, Bansback N, Guh DP, Amarsi Z, Birmingham CL. Obesity and overweight in Canada: an updated cost-of-illness study. Obesity Reviews 2010;11(1):31-40.

20. Moffatt E, Shack LG, Petz GJ, Sauve JK, Hayward K, Colman R. The cost of obesity and overweight in 2005: a case study of Alberta, Canada. Canadian Journal of Public Health 2011; Revue Canadienne de Santé Publique. 102(2):144-8.

21. Hogue CW, Jr., Stearns JD, Colantuoni E, Robinson KA, Stierer T, Mitter N, et al. The impact of obesity on outcomes after critical illness: a meta-analysis. Intensive Care Medicine 2009;35(7):1152-70.

22. Lieffers JR, Bathe OF, Fassbender K, Winget M, Baracos VE. Sarcopenia is associated with postoperative infection and delayed recovery from colorectal cancer resection surgery. British Journal of Cancer 2012;107(6):931-6.

23. Peng PD, van Vledder MG, Tsai S, de Jong MC, Makary M, Ng J, et al. Sarcopenia negatively impacts short-term outcomes in patients undergoing hepatic resection for colorectal liver metastasis. HPB 2011;13(7):439-46.

24. Caccialanza R, Klersy C, Cereda E, Cameletti B, Bonoldi A, Bonardi C, et al. Nutritional parameters associated with prolonged hospital stay among ambulatory adult patients. CMAJ 2010;182(17):1843-9.

25. Lim SL, Ong KC, Chan YH, Loke WC, Ferguson M, Daniels L. Malnutrition and its impact on cost of hospitalization, length of stay, readmission and 3-year mortality. Clin Nutr 2012;31(3):345-50.

26. Kirkland LL, Kashiwagi DT, Brantley S, Scheurer D, Varkey P. Nutrition in the hospitalized patient. J Hosp Med 2013;8(1):52-8.

27. Norman K, Pichard C, Lochs H, Pirlich M. Prognostic impact of disease-related malnutrition. Clin Nutr 2008;27(1):5-15.

28. Sorensen J, Kondrup J, Prokopowicz J, Schiesser M, Krahenbuhl L, Meier R, et al. EuroOOPS: an international, multicentre study to implement nutritional risk screening and evaluate clinical outcome. Clin Nutr 2008;27(3):340-9.

29. Holmes S. The effects of undernutrition in hospitalised patients. Nurs Stand 2007;22(12):35-8. 30. Leandro-Merhi VA, de Aquino JLB, Sales Chagas JF. Nutrition status and risk factors associated with

length of hospital stay for surgical patients. Jpen: Journal of Parenteral & Enteral Nutrition 2011;35(2):241-8.

31. Correia MITD, Waitzberg DL. The impact of malnutrition on morbidity, mortality, length of hospital stay and costs evaluated through a multivariate model analysis. Clinical Nutrition 2003;22(3):235-9.

32. Kyle UG, Schneider SM, Pirlich M, Lochs H, Hebuterne X, Pichard C. Does nutritional risk, as assessed by Nutritional Risk Index, increase during hospital stay? A multinational population-based study. Clin Nutr 2005;24(4):516-24.

33. Charlson ME, Pompei P, Ales KL, MacKenzie CR. A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. J Chronic Dis 1987;40(5):373-83.

34. Detsky AS, McLaughlin JR, Baker JP, Johnston N, Whittaker S, Mendelson RA, et al. What is subjective global assessment of nutritional status? JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1987;11(1):8-13.

35. Matos LC, Tavares MM, Amaral TF. Handgrip strength as a hospital admission nutritional risk screening method. Eur J Clin Nutr 2007;61(9):1128-35.

36. Hiesmayr M, Schindler K, Pernicka E, Schuh C, Schoeniger-Hekele A, Bauer P, et al. Decreased food intake is a risk factor for mortality in hospitalised patients: the NutritionDay survey 2006. Clin Nutr 2009;28(5):484-91.

37. Schindler K, Pernicka E, Laviano A, Howard P, Schutz T, Bauer P, et al. How nutritional risk is assessed and managed in European hospitals: a survey of 21,007 patients findings from the 2007-2008 cross-sectional NutritionDay survey. Clin Nutr 2010;29(5):552-9.

38. Marsik C, Kazemi-Shirazi L, Schickbauer T, Winkler S, Joukhadar C, Wagner OF, et al. C-Reactive Protein and All-Cause Mortality in a Large Hospital-Based Cohort. Clin Chem 2008;54(2):343-49.

39. Kompoti M, Drimis S, Papadaki A, Kotsomytis K, Poulopoulou C, Gianneli D, et al. Serum C-reactive protein at admission predicts in-hospital mortality in medical patients. Eur J Intern Med 2008;19(4):261-5.

40. Jensen GL, Mirtallo J, Compher C, Dhaliwal R, Forbes A, Grijalba RF, et al. Adult starvation and disease-related malnutrition: a proposal for etiology-based diagnosis in the clinical practice setting from the International Consensus Guideline Committee. Jpen: Journal of Parenteral & Enteral Nutrition 2010;34(2):156-9.

41. Pichard C, Kyle UG, Morabia A, Perrier A, Vermeulen B, Unger P. Nutritional assessment: lean body mass depletion at hospital admission is associated with an increased length of stay. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;79(4):613-8.

42. Agresti A. Categorical data analysis. 3rd ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2013. 43. Klein JP, Moeschberger ML. Survival analysis : techniques for censored and truncated data. 2nd ed. New York:

Springer, 2003. 44. Bohannon RW, Peolsson A, Massy-Westropp N, Desrosiers J, Bear-Lehman J. Reference values for adult

grip strength measured with a Jamar dynamometer: a descriptive meta-analysis. Physiotherapy 2006;92(1):11-15.

45. Sacks GS, Dearman K, Replogle WH, Cora VL, Meeks M, Canada T. Use of subjective global assessment to identify nutrition-associated complications and death in geriatric long-term care facility residents. J Am Coll Nutr 2000;19(5):570-7.

46. Baccaro F, Moreno JB, Borlenghi C, Aquino L, Armesto G, Plaza G, et al. Subjective global assessment in the clinical setting. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2007;31(5):406-9.

47. Baker JP, Detsky AS, Wesson DE, Wolman SL, Stewart S, Whitewell J, et al. Nutritional assessment: a comparison of clinical judgement and objective measurements. N Engl J Med 1982;306(16):969-72.

48. Kondrup J, Allison SP, Elia M, Vellas B, Plauth M. ESPEN guidelines for nutrition screening 2002. Clin Nutr 2003;22(4):415-21.

49. Cooper BA, Bartlett LH, Aslani A, Allen BJ, Ibels LS, Pollock CA. Validity of subjective global assessment as a nutritional marker in end-stage renal disease. Am J Kidney Dis 2002;40(1):126-32.

50. Pham NV, Cox-Reijven PL, Greve JW, Soeters PB. Application of subjective global assessment as a screening tool for malnutrition in surgical patients in Vietnam. Clin Nutr 2006;25(1):102-8.

51. Campbell KL, Ash S, Bauer JD, Davies PS. Evaluation of nutrition assessment tools compared with body cell mass for the assessment of malnutrition in chronic kidney disease. J Ren Nutr 2007;17(3):189-95.

52. Raslan M, Gonzalez MC, Torrinhas RS, Ravacci GR, Pereira JC, Waitzberg DL. Complementarity of Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) and Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002) for predicting poor clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients. Clin Nutr 2011;30(1):49-53.

53. Schiesser M, Muller S, Kirchhoff P, Breitenstein S, Schafer M, Clavien PA. Assessment of a novel screening score for nutritional risk in predicting complications in gastro-intestinal surgery. Clin Nutr 2008;27(4):565-70.

54. Wakahara T, Shiraki M, Murase K, Fukushima H, Matsuura K, Fukao A, et al. Nutritional screening with Subjective Global Assessment predicts hospital stay in patients with digestive diseases. Nutrition 2007;23(9):634-9.

55. Kyle UG, Genton L, Pichard C. Hospital length of stay and nutritional status. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2005;8(4):397-402.

56. Raslan M, Gonzalez MC, Dias MC, Nascimento M, Castro M, Marques P, et al. Comparison of nutritional risk screening tools for predicting clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients. Nutrition 2010;26(7-8):721-6.

57. Steenson J, Vivanti A, Isenring E. Inter-rater reliability of the Subjective Global Assessment: a systematic literature review. Nutrition 2013;29(1):350-2.

APPENDIX 2 REFERENCES

1-Editorial. A Commission on Climate Change. Lancet Vol 373, May 16, 2009. http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(09)60922-3/fulltext Accessed July 11, 2014 2-World Health Organization. Fact Sheet #266: Climate Change and Health. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs266/en/ Accessed July 10, 2014 3-McMicheal et al. Health risks, present and future, from global climate change. BMJ 2012;344:e1359 http://www.bmj.com/content/344/bmj.e1359.pdf%2Bhtml Accessed July 11, 2014. 4-British Medical Association ARM Agenda: Finances of the association. 370. Motion by Retired Members Forum. http://bma.org.uk/working-for-change/arm-2014-info/agenda/finances-of-the-association Accessed July 2, 2014 5-Canadian Medical Association Policy: Climate Change and Human Health. http://policybase.cma.ca/dbtw-wpd/Policypdf/PD10-07.pdf Accessed July 11, 2014 6-Myers, et al. “A Public Health Framework Arouses Hopeful Emotions about Climate Change” Climatic Change (2012) 113:1105–1112. http://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CCAQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F254451130_A_public_health_frame_arouses_hopeful_emotions_about_climate_change%2Ffile%2F50463526ec88d9cb99.pdf&ei=62PBU5-uNIfpoATRx4DQCw&usg=AFQjCNEnKLpoVGHTtpY35InQMdB_0FIiDw&sig2=GTIw3HJhnN-VChspLScKIA&bvm=bv.70810081,d.cGU Accessed July 11, 2014 7-Elliott, Larry. Climate change will ‘lead to battles for food’, says head of World Bank: Jim Yong Kim urges campaigners and scientists to work together to form a coherent plan in the fight against climate change. The Guardian. Thursday, April 3, 2014. http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/apr/03/climate-change-battle-food-head-world-bank 8-Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Greenhouse gas emissions accelerate despite reduction efforts. Many pathways to substantial emissions reductions are available. News Release, April 13, 2014. http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/ar5/pr_wg3/20140413_pr_pc_wg3_en.pdf Accessed July 10, 14 9-IPCC, 2013: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. http://www.climatechange2013.org/images/report/WG1AR5_SPM_FINAL.pdf p20 Increase of global mean surface temperatures for 2081–2100 relative to 1986–2005 is projected to likely be in the ranges derived from the concentration-driven CMIP5 model simulations, that is, 0.3°C to 1.7°C (RCP2.6), 1.1°C to 2.6°C (RCP4.5), 1.4°C to 3.1°C (RCP6.0), 2.6°C to 4.8°C (RCP8.5). The Arctic region will warm more rapidly than the global mean, and mean warming over land will be larger than over the ocean (very high confidence) (see Figures SPM.7 and SPM.8, and Table SPM.2). {12.4, 14.8}”

(image: p11 http://www.europeanclimate.org/documents/IPCCWebGuide.pdf) 10-McCoy D et al. Climate Change and Human Survival. BMJ 2014;348:g2351 doi: 10.1136/bmj.g2351 (Published 26 March 2014) Correction: BMJ 2014;348:g2510 http://www.bmj.com/content/348/bmj.g2351 Accessed May 13, 2014 11-Readfearn, Graham. Warsaw’s widening climate chasm could lead to 4C warming. The Guardian. http://www.theguardian.com/environment/planet-oz/2013/nov/21/warsaw-climate-change-conference-global-warming. Accessed Nov 29, 2013. 12-Government of Canada. Canada’s 6th National Report on Climate Change 2014: Actions to Meet Commitments Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, p8. http://www.ec.gc.ca/cc/16153A64-BDA4-4DBB-A514-B159C5149B55/Canada’s%20Sixth%20National%20Report%20on%20Climate%20Change.pdf Accessed July 10, 2014 13-Partington PJ. The Trouble with 2030. Pembina Institute. Jan 10, 2014. http://www.pembina.org/blog/774 Accessed July 10, 2014. 14-Canadian Press: Canada ranks worst on climate policy among industrialized countries: report. Macleans. November 18, 2013 http://www.macleans.ca/general/canada-ranks-worst-in-developed-world-on-climate-policy-european-report/ Accessed June 26, 14 15-Haines, Andy. How the low carbon economy can improve health. BMJ 2012;344:e1018 http://www.bmj. com/content/344/bmj.e1018.pdf+html Accessed July 10, 2014 16-World Health Organization. Ensuring human rights in the provision of contraceptive information and services: guidance and recommendations. ISBN 978 92 4 150674 8 (NLM classification: WP 630) © World Health Organization 2014 http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/102539/1/9789241506748_eng.pdf Accessed July 10, 2014

17-Guillebaud, J. Population growth and climate change. BMJ BMJ 2008;337:a576 http://www.bmj.com/content/337/bmj.39575.691343.80 Accessed July 10, 2014. 18-Penner, Derrick. Greening China’s power brings down cost of renewable energy for all: the drive to adopt clean energy comes from a need to improve air quality in cities. Vancouver Sun. March 4, 2014 http://www.vancouversun.com/technology/Greening+China+power+brings+down+cost+renewable+energy/9579269/story.html?__federated=1 19-Bloomberg New Energy Finance. Sustainable Energy in America Factbook 2014 p3. http://www.bcse.org/factbook/pdfs/2014%20Sustainable%20Energy%20in%20America%20Factbook.pdf Accessed July 10, 2014 “Renewable electricity generation costs touched all-time lows allowing renewables in some locations to underprice fossil-fueled competitors. Prices of solar modules have declined by 99% since 1976 and by about 80 % since 2008.”p3 “Distributed generation emerged as a transformative phenomenon – if not yet in substance, then as a foreshadower of what’s to come”.p4 “Global turbine prices declined by roughly 35% over 2009-13 (Figure 49)” p38 20-Parkinson, Giles. Solar has won. Even if coal were free to burn, power stations couldn’t compete. The Guardian, July 7, 2014 http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/jul/07/solar-has-won-even-if-coal-were-free-to-burn-power-stations-couldnt-compete Accessed July 10, 2014 21-Chandler W. et al. China’s Future Generation: Assessing the Maximum Potential for Renewable Power Sources in China to 2050. © 2014 Energy Transition Research Institute, Annapolis, Maryland http://www.wwfchina.org/content/press/publication/2014/futuregeneration.pdf Accessed May 13, 2014. 22-National Renewable Energy Laboratory. (2012). Renewable Electricity Futures Study. Hand, M.M.; Baldwin, S.; DeMeo, E.; Reilly, J.M.; Mai, T.; Arent, D.; Porro, G.; Meshek, M.; Sandor, D. eds. 4 vols. NREL/TP-6A20-52409. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. http://www.nrel.gov/analysis/re_futures/. Accessed May 13, 2014. 23-Delucchi, M and Jacobson, M. Providing all global energy with wind, water, and solar power, Part II: Reliability, system and transmission costs, and policies. Energy Policy 39 (2011) 1170–1190. http://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CB4QFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hans-josef-fell.de%2Fcontent%2Findex.php%2Fcomponent%2Fdocman%2Fdoc_download%2F511-delucchi-jacobson-energy-policy-2010-100-wws-power-for-world-part-ii-pdf%3FItemid%3D108&ei=NJrBU7P3E8SDogTl6oHQAw&usg=AFQjCNHTarvj0i6jn21Kj97DDp0Ef2OPCw&sig2=1s5VMRPlJk_lcuMmk7Z5aA&bvm=bv.70810081,d.cGU Accessed July 12, 2014 24-Horton, R et al. The Lancet: From Public to Planetary Health—A Manifesto. http://preview.smartfocusdigital.com/go.asp?/.2014.digitalmarketing.planetaryhealth.homepage/bELA001&utm_source=blank&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign Accessed July 10, 2014 25-Sibbald, Barbara J. Physicians’ Roles on the Front Lines of Climate Change. CMAJ Feb 2014, 130087v1 185/2/195. http://www.cmaj.ca/content/early/2013/02/04/cmaj.130087.full.pdf+html

APPENDIX 3 REFERENCES

1-Editorial. A Commission on Climate Change. Lancet Vol 373, May 16, 2009. http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(09)60922-3/fulltext Accessed July 11, 2013 2-British Medical Association ARM Agenda: Finances of the association. 370. Motion by Retired Members Forum. http://bma.org.uk/working-for-change/arm-2014-info/agenda/finances-of-the-association Accessed July 2, 2014 3-Vaughan, Adam. World Council of Churches pulls fossil fuel investments. The Guardian. July 11, 2014. http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/jul/11/world-council-of-churches-pulls-fossil-fuel-investments Accessed July 12, 2014 4-Wines, Michael. Stanford to Purge $18 Billion Endowment of Coal Stock, New York Times. May 6, 2014. http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/07/education/stanford-to-purge-18-billion-endowment-of-coal-stock.html?_r=0 Accessed July 12, 2014. 5-Carbon Tracker Initiative and London School of Economics, Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment. Unburnable Carbon 2013: Wasted capital and stranded assets. 2013. http://carbontracker.live.kiln.it/Unburnable-Carbon-2-Web-Version.pdf Accessed June 2, 2013 6-Canadian Center for Policy Alternatives, The Implications of Stranded Fossil Fuel Assets for Financial Markets and Pension Funds. March 2013. https://www.policyalternatives.ca/publications/reports/canadas-carbon-liabilities Accessed July 12, 2014 7-International Energy Agency. World Energy Outlook 2012: Executive Summary. P3. http://www.worldenergyoutlook.org/publications/weo-2012/ Accessed May 10, 2013 8-Standard and Poor’s Ratings Service. RatingsDirect: What a Carbon-Constrained Future Could Mean for Oil Companies’ Creditworthiness. March 1, 2013. http://www.carbontracker.org/site/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2013/03/SnPCT-report-on-oil-sector-carbon-constraints_Mar0420133.pdf

Accessed July 11, 2014 9-Evans-Pritchard, Ambrose. Fossil industry is the subprime danger of this cycle. Telegraph. July 9, 2014. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/comment/ambroseevans_pritchard/10957292/Fossil-industry-is-the-subprime-danger-of-this-cycle.html Accessed July 12, 2014. 10-Bloomberg New Energy Finance. Sustainable Energy in America Factbook 2014 p3. http://www.bcse.org/factbook/pdfs/2014%20Sustainable%20Energy%20in%20America%20Factbook.pdf Accessed July 10, 2014 “Renewable electricity generation costs touched all-time lows allowing renewables in some locations to underprice fossil-fueled competitors. Prices of solar modules have declined by 99% since 1976 and by about 80% since 2008.”p3 “Distributed generation emerged as a transformative phenomenon – if not yet in substance, then as a foreshadower of what’s to come”.p4 “Global turbine prices declined by roughly 35% over 2009-13 (Figure 49)” p38

11-Parkinson, Giles. Solar has won. Even if coal were free to burn, power stations couldn’t compete. The Guardian, July 7, 2014 http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/jul/07/solar-has-won-even-if-coal-were-free-to-burn-power-stations-couldnt-compete Accessed July 10, 2014 12-Haines, Andy. How the low carbon economy can improve health. BMJ 2012;344:e1018 http://www.bmj. com/content/344/bmj.e1018.pdf+html Accessed July 10, 2014 13-Oekom Research. Double Dividend with Sustainability Ratings from oekom research. http://www.oekom-research.com/homepage/english/oekom_DPG_Performance_Study_2012_en.pdf Accessed July 12, 2014

American Medical Association E-10.018 Physician Participation in Soliciting Contributions from Patients

Donations play an important role in supporting and improving a community’s health care. Physicians

are encouraged to participate in fundraising and other solicitation activities while protecting the

integrity of the patient-physician relationship, including patient privacy and confidentiality, and ensuring

that all donations are fully voluntary. In particular:

(1) Appropriate means of soliciting contributions include making information available in a reception

area and speaking at fundraising events. Physicians should avoid directly soliciting their own patients,

especially at the time of a clinical encounter. They should reinforce the trust that is the foundation of

the patient-physician relationship by being clear that patients’ welfare is the primary priority and that

patients need not contribute in order to continue receiving the same quality of care.

(2) The greater the separation between the request and the clinical encounter, the more acceptable the

solicitation is likely to be.

(3) When physicians participate in solicitation efforts as members of the general community, they

should seek to minimize perceptions of overlap with their professional roles.

(4) Physicians in institutions that rely on fundraising personnel for donation requests should work to

protect privacy and confidentiality of patient information. In particular physicians should ensure that

any patient information used for solicitation activities reveals only basic demographic data, not personal

health information. When the medical service delivered or the diagnosis is identifiable by the nature of

the physician’s practice or the physician’s specialty, permission from the patient should be obtained

prior to divulging any information to third parties.

(5) When patients initiate requests to contribute, physicians should refer them to appropriate sources of

information or fundraising personnel. (IV, VII, VIII) Issued December 2004 based on the report "Physician

Participation in Soliciting Contributions from Patients," adopted June 2004.

Appendix 4