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18

N Miloevi-oevi

IF AND TRADITIoN AND SRBIAN FoK yRIS len Ritul Poems)

ABSTRAT

This ppe is n ttempt to pply the cognitive nthopologicl metho in oe to explin the vitlity of itul clen poems, using the exmples foun in Vuks n othe Sebin collections. The conclusion is eche tht the vey fct tht itul poems e bse upon titionl cultul-cognitive ttitues, they beco-me n insepble pt of the olvie of pticul ethnic, ntionl community. Hoeve, they exist not only s cultully constitute beliefs, but lso s cultully constitute emotions, but in time, s belief in thei efficcy n the excitement of nticiption ne, ht emins is nominl ppovl of thei pefomnce, n the joy of ecognizing the stuctue.

19

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, 1716. nte quem non, 1733. post quem non, ,, 1720. .. , ,, , . IV, . 79, , 1828, 392396), - . , , . 7, , 1969, 212217) , - Narodna pjesma o Kuuk Daferpai, braniocu Biograda 1693, ,,Novi Beh, b. 15, Sjevo, 1939, 58) , 1720. post quem non. 1720. Epska narodna tradicija Muslimana Bosne i Hercegovine od poetka 16. veka do pojave zbirke Koste Hormana (1888), ,,Glsnik Zemljskog muzej. tnologij, XXVIIXXVIII). . ,, , , 1987). - 1717. 1733. , , 1736. . , 15). , - , ,, , . , 15). , , . , , . . -: , ,,. , XXXIIXXXIV, 19951997, , , , 1999, 95104.

. , ,

, , , 1954, 104110). - , ). 1730. , , , . 1731. . . . 1721. . . - 1737. ,,obetht mj-ste, ,, . , 15. 1739. , . , 107). , . . . ), , . . , . -, , , - , . , - Wer war Ludwig Franz Hack v. Ancherau?, Sst-Foschungen, Bn, XVII, 1. Hlbbn, Munchen, 1958, 8294). . , +1730) -. ) ,,...Denn meinen Ahnungen nch konnte nmlich Me. D. uig Fn Hck v. Ancheu us Ful... mit em nonymen Auto e cyillischen lngen Hnschift ientifiziet een, 91). , , . , , . ,,Sost-Foschungen . , . , .

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3 . . , IV*). . , . ) : , , 1972, 235252; . , ), . ; . , , 1986, 113172, 113119), . , . . . , , , , 1987, 1213; - , 415420), , , , 1984, 7981, ).

23

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27

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), . 152 ), . 15 ):

. 21 - , , , . - , , . ! . , , . . - ) :

: , : . , , , , 1982, 91100; ( ) , : . , , , 1989, 211216; () , XXXVI 1989), , 1989, 297301; , 1990). , . 6768, , 1992.

28

,, ) .

, . 152 - . .13 158 . , . . - . 21 . : . -. , ,, . . , . , . , . , , . .

. , . 21 ) . , , , . ) ,, . - , , ,

13 , . : ), , 1975, 125126.

29

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, . , 1818. , , , . 1852. . , . - . 1974. . - . , . 1852) -

, , , . . XVXVIII , , 1964, 269), . , , -: ,, , . . .) , , . 1764) . : , , , 1878, , 129).

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16 , ) , -. , , , 1990, 870).

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, , . - . , , . , . , , - . ,

17 . : , 131 , ).

, , - , . , . , , , , . , , - . . , , , , , 1984, 276278 ).

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-. , . - , . , . ,,. , , - , . - , , , . - , . ,, , ,, , - ,, . , - , , , .

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67

Nen jubinkovi

THE ErLANgEN MANuSCrIPT oF oLD SErBoCroATIAN FoLK PoEMS AND TH IPZIG PjEVANIjA (PoEMS) oF SIMA MIUTINoVI

SUMMARy

Summizing the vies of those ho h peviously stuie this poblem, the utho tckles the issues of ting, s ell s the time n the plce tht oiginte the Erlangen Manuscipt. Since the Erlangen Manuscipt s unknon to the public fo nely to centuies fte its cetion, the poems it contins coul neve them-ticlly, poeticlly o stylisticlly influence subsequent epicl n lyicl poety in Sebo-otin es. The poems in the Erlangen Manuscipt eive ptly fom the teitoies hee, centuy lte, Vuk Ki eceive the poety he collecte, n ptly fom the thei jcent teitoies. The poems in the Erlangen Manuscipt lso eive fom the es hee, fte the Get Migtion, efugees fom iffeent pts foun themselves. Among othes, Montenego n Bosni n Hecegovin. In pts of Montenego n ol Hecegovin the poems ill be ecoe some hune yes lte by Sim Milutinovi, mong othes.

A compison of folk poems pinte in the fmeok of the so-clle Erlangen Manuscipt n Bogiis cnon of folk poems fom the eliest costl itings, hich ee cete nely simultneously the en of the seventeenth n the beginning of the eighteenth centuies) in iffeent plces, but plces hich ee in specil type of communiction ith the poems pinte by Vuk Ki n Sim Milutinovi t the en of the thi n the beginning of the fouth ece of the nineteenth cen-tuy itten on in ppoximtely the sme es s the to befoe them) pove the uthenticity of Milutinovis collection, emonstte the pinciples of chnges in folk poems in the pocess of thei justment to the socio-histoicl moment n geogphicl cicumstnces, n inicte the necessity of seious stuy of the so-clle eipzig eition of Vuk Ki, hich hs been neglecte in the esech on folk litetue.

68

69

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rrog, Vrranarana, . 1993 2003, 89 . . . 2005, 633 . - *gora, *gorti, . gorzysaw, Bolegor, Cieszygor, Dalegor, Dziwigor, . Hoivoj, . (), . Runykyj 1962, 232; 1964, 475 .). . 1983, . 14 94 .

23 - , , , . , , , , , sleeping stom go) , , , , ) Stephens 1986, 104), , , , .

- .

84

; , , . , , , , , ; i -, *SymaSymamama > Smmm, . - , .

*svta gora - , . , - , , , , , , - , . , ; ,26

. . 491.26

68) - . Meti 1909, 192; I 315). , 621 .; Meti 1909, 259).

85

, . ; Ksti 1984, 3.8.4, . 115) 5 1013 8 133148). - , , , , , , 353). - , 75), - : . , , ., .27 28 , , . - . , , - ; , , - -

27 , VII 4, , VIII 563, . Meti 1897, 18 .

28 , ) , , , , Meti 1909, 191).

86

). , , .29 , . .30 , , , , . , - , , , , *svta gorasvta gorata gorata gora goragora, svtogorsktogorsktogorsksksk,31 . - .32

29 55) XVII . - . . 314 . . 3/192425, 34 .) , . , , .

30 : - 2001, 245).

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87

- ) , , , );33 - , , . - : , : ,34 : . , , , . , , ; , , ; - ; - , .35

, .

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35 , , ., , . 1927, 144 , , , , , ). ,

88

-.36

- , - 1883). : -, -, -, , , , , , -, , , , , , , . , 1913, olik 1922),olik 1922), , . ).37 . , -

, ; , 2006, 122 . 1971, 81 , ; ; / , .

36 , , , . 1994, , , , .

37 . Dumzil 1959, 116.

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, , - , , - .

: , - -- 1997, 168; 2002, 103 .). - , , , ,39

38 ) - , .

39 ... 65 .) , . 7), . - : ,

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IIII: . . ,IIII: . . ,III: . . ,III: . . ,: . . , , , I 1865, II 1868, III 1869:I 1865, II 1868, III 1869: 1865, II 1868, III 1869:II 1868, III 1869: 1868, III 1869:III 1869: 1869:

1983: . . , . -, XX, 1021.XX, 1021.

/ 2001: . . / . . , , : . . 1: : , - / , 2178.

1911: . . , , . . , , 460473.

2005: . . ,2005: . . , . . . , .

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: . , , . . , I-II, 1952.

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Aleksn om

RUSSIAN SVjATogor AND SRBIAN MARK oF TH Hoy MoUNTAIN (Marko Svetogorac)

SUMMARy

Inheently pobble, the existence of n ol poety mong the Slvs in thei poto-home befoe the Migtion Age is infee fom numbe of etymologicl mtches of hole poetic fomuls beteen South Slvic n Russin epic titions, hich suggests tht the similities of thei figues n plots my be expline, too, s common inheitnce the thn ue to inepenent o lte evelopments, n hee both fom n content e compble, the esech esults in econstucting fgments of ommon Slvic heoic n mythologicl poety. The pesent ppe ims t ecoveing such fgment.

The most popul heo of South Slvic epics, Pince Mk, lte 14th centuy Sebin ule in ht is toy Mceoni, hs been compe so f to epic heoes of iffeent epochs n ntions, such s Geek Achilles n Hecles, Byzntine Digenis Akits, Spnish i, Fnkish Roln, Gemn Wolfietich, ol Nose Stk, Pesin Rostm, but geneticlly most elevnt e the pllels foun to him in Russin biliny. Among the ele heoes starie bogatyri) it is Svjtogo n in the secon genetion Ilj of Muom, ho e connecte togethe by the motif of the ltte inheiting the fomes stength sila). In the poem confonting to heoes Svjtogo is chcteize by the sme behvio s Mks vesy Mus: both of them hile iing tho mce nely into the clous n thn ctch it ith thei hite hns; thee is stiking simility beteen the to esciptions, ith some fomulic n even etymologicl coesponences unoubtely oote in common poetic heitge. Whees Svjtogo, gint ith suphumn stength, conseves his mythologicl substnce eflecte especilly in him being intimely tie, even by his

94

nme, ith the fbulous Holy Mountins Svjatye gory) hose cggy soil only cn suppot his eight, Mus is stongly euhemeize n Albnin ebelling ginst the sultn!), but still keeping tces of emonic ntue, fo he is thee-hete ith tlking snke insie his chest, n his size must hve been enomous, becuse Mk hving slin him only noly sve himself fom une his e boy. Muss thee hets men tht he s thice stonge thn noml mn, hich povokes Mks fmous lment ove hving kille bette heo thn himself; similly, the ying Svj-togo tnsmits to Ilj only one hlf o one thi of his supefluous poe. A tertium comparationis is povie by ol Nose Hungni, gint ith thee-conee het of stone, ho, slin in uel by Tho, flls pone coss his kille ith one leg ove his neck, n subsequently ll the othe Ases pove themselves unble to move it n unblock thei chmpion. Hungnis stony ntue he s lso stone-hee n me ith hone n lge shiel of stone) esembles tht of Svjtogo, ho is in sense ienticl ith his ocky boe. Mus hving been bon on ock n conf-onting Mko in mountin goge, his bothe n lte ego Djemo being sunme Highlne Brdjanin) my eflect simil ssocition. The poem bout Svjtogo n Ilj ens ith the fome being buie live in lge tomb cve out of ock in the Holy Mountins n thus mysticlly ssimilte to them. Thee is nothe vesion of Svjtogos eth, hee he fte blsphemously bosting bout his steng-th loses it hile ttempting in vin to lift smll sck contining miculously the eight of the entie eth tjaga zemnaja), sinks to his knees into the goun n ies, obviously petifie into mountin. The sme stoy is knon to Mceonin n Bulgin epics, hee it is connecte ith Pince Mk, only he suvives the lesson; n thee is gin poetic fomul of goo Ino-uopen peigee use by both titions in this context, Russ. mat (syra) zemlja, Mc. majka (erna) zemja, to ssue us of its ommon Slvic povenience. The histoicl Mk fell 1395 in bttle fought in the Wllchin plin n s buie pobbly in monstey built by him ne Skopje, hees in the epic tition his en is viously nte but consistently ssocite ith mountin; eithe he is tnspote live into hien cve the motif of sleeping heo), o he ies on the top of mythicl mountin n his boy is subsequently tnslte by monks to the Holy Mountin Sveta gora), heeby Mount Athos is ment, just s in n ely ecoe vint of the poem bout Mk ecptuing his ife, hee he isguises himself s monk fom the Holy Mountin Svetogorac). Hoeve, in the sme vint, Mks vesy fetues stone boy on to the ist. In nothe poem, the sme fetue is ttibute to gint Je, ho ttempts to plune the Holy Mountin n to bun its monsteies but ens by being slin by Mko. In vints the plunee of the Holy Mountin hs thee hets n the bucto of Mks ife is esignte s Je, hich poves the oiginl ientity of Mks vious conflicts consiee hee, so tht e e entitle to ssume unelying fgments of ommon Slvic epicize myth concentte oun the notion of Holy o Mighty) mountin, *svta gora, Pe-histin one, ole thn the scliztion of Mt Athos hich stte only in 7th centuy A.D. onsequently, the unhistoicl ssocition of Pince Mk ith it must be ue to lte eintepettion.

A Holy mountin, Geek Hgion ros, in Scythi is mentione by 6th centuy A.D. lexicogphe Stephn of Byzntium in connection ith hill clle Pseudartk, hich is convincingly intepete s Mile-Inin Smtin) *Psndartaka Hill) of Holy Fie, ith the jective *psnd mtching Avestn spnta, Slvic svt . Pe-histin sceness of mountin in this pt of uope

95

my be hint of Inin fie-cult s pctice on the mountin tops, ith the holy fie kept buning pepetully. on the othe hn, the legens of gigntic heoes boun to o buie une o sleeping insie mountin my hve isen fom ntulistic mythologicl substte. Mount lbus, the highest pek in ucsus, hee fie-gives Geogin Amini i.e. Inin Ahimn) n Geek Pometheus got thei punishment, s n ctive volcno in the histoicl time, s ell s its nmeske lbuz in South spin both nmes continue Avestn Har Brzait), hee, in cve uneneth Mount Demven, the monstous Zhhk, Avestn Ai Dhko, is believe to lie impisone until t the en of the ol he beks loose n buns thi of the eth. A ltent volcno, ith fumoles, hot spings n memoies of its fome euptions, my hve povoke such beliefs. Also the motifs of gints th-oing f stone blocks, leving thei footpints in ocks n being tnsfome into mountins seem to oiginte in the volcnic phenomen such s euptions, outbu-sts of lv n its subsequent hening. Pllels e povie by the mythologies of peoples inhbiting volcnic es of the ol, such s Pcific Ring of Fie o Tns-Mexicn volcnic belt. Since the poto-home of the Slvs i not belong to the es of histoicl volcnic ctivity, thei concept of the holy mountin n its heoic pesonifiction s pobbly ue to the spe of myths n legens isen in ucsin n spin e though the st-uopen Inins, i.e. Scythins n Smtins. The sme might be tue of compble figues of othe titions, such s ossetin Muk, Amenin Mhe < Mith), stonin Klevipoeg, etc., n even of ol Nose oki, espite the volcnic ntue of Iceln.

96

97

821.163.41 : 398

. , -, , , . - , ), . - , .

: , , , ,

) . 18. -, 1878, . 7 HNP I, 1897, . 47;HNP I, 1897, . 47; , 1966, . . 135, 143147). , , 1758, , 1878, . 86; : HNP I, 1897, . 48). , , , 1878, . 87, . . 126) -

, , 1878, 2; , 1966, 135).

98

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, // , , , , , ) , 2004, 170194), , , , 1878, . 7; , 1837, . 37; , -, 1878, . 86; , II, 1845, . 62; , , 1837, . 37), / ), , , , II, 1845, . 62; , 1868, . 7) , , 1837, . 37, I, . 41, - HNP I, 420; , , 1878, . 7; ,6 II, 1845, . 62). , 1878,

: , 1972, 140146.3

, XIX : HNP I, 1897, 419426), , , . -. ).

I , 1953, 723725). , , .6 : I,

. 73; V, . 29.

99

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, - , , , , - ) , , , .8

, , , , , 1996, 339).

7 . . , , 1988, , . 2.

8 - , , , 1988, . 4, , 1988, . 10). , , , - : , 1980, 8080; letinski, 1981, 229233; i, 2002, 115118), Pop, 1990, ibidem), , .

100

, .

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, . .

101

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13 Pop. 1990, 91110), .

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102

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, ), Pop. 1990, 95). , 2003, 529554.

16 T , , , , ), -, . , /, Me, 1986, 23; Pop, 1990, 95), , -, Pop, 1990, 131), , , ) Pop, 1990, 517528).

103

e, , .17 , - II, 1845, . 62), , 2001, 173175), .18 , , .

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18 , : , 2006, 103117.

104

/, ),19 , , - . ), , - Pop, 1990, 176). Pop, 1990, 1867), , . , , Pop, 1990, 176184), .

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19 je , Pop, Pop, 1990, 183186). , 2003, 529554).

105

, . 25, HNP I, 1897, 421422); , 1878, . 7), II, 1845, . 62).

, , -, , , , , ), , Pop, 1990, 332333). , ), , Pop, 1990), , .20 T - ) , 2004, 156169), .

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20 , . : , 2004, 5557. 2004, 5557.

, , .

106

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, , . , - Pop, 1990, 208), : , , , , ? , 1878, . 7). , - . , Pop, 1990, 145147) .

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, , , , , , , Pop, 1990, 118).Pop, 1990, 118).

107

Pop, 1990, 208, 236). , - (, , ).

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23 : , 2006, 103116. . -

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108

, 26 , , Pop, 1990, 176). Pop, 1990, 202). , , .

, , , 1878, . 7), , ; - , 1837, . 37). Pop, 1990, 210).

, , Pop, 1990, 211214).27 . , Pop, 1990, 207), , .28

, II, . 62), . A ) Pop, 1990, 203212) II, 1994, 516517). ,

26 , , , -, 1985, 127, 129. , III, 1994, 104106).

27 I, 1994, 369, 372, 377; III, 1994, 104-104; , 1996, 37). , 1985, 131).

28 . . - -, , .

109

II, 1994, 518), II, 1994, 518),II, 1994, 518),, 518), . - , , , .

, , ), - Pop, 1990, 158159 211), , 1837, . 37), , ,29 I, . 41, HNP I, 420). - , 1878, . 87; , 1837, , 37).

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, , , , . , , Pop, 210211; 216217) . , , Pop, 1990, 118-119 211212). Pop, 1990, 214), Pop, 1990, 498499).30

29 , 2003, 529554), , Pop, 210211; 486489).

30 , , , : , e ), Pop, 1990, 204225).

110

, , , 1878, ), , 1837, . 37; II, . 62), / , 1837, . 37), -. , / , 1878, . 7, . 86 . 87; , 1837, . 37); I, . 41, HNP I, 420), Pop, 1990, 321), . , , , , , II, . 62).31 , , 1878, . 7 . 87; I, . 41, HNP I, 420), , .

, , , - , ), . , , , - , . . / , , Pop, 1990, 210216), , , Pop, 1990, 163166), - , , , .32 , 33 , , , ,

31 , -, Pop, 1990, 233).Pop, 1990, 233).

32 Pop, 1990, 163166). . II, . 38 . 569; III, . 25.

33 , , , , .

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35 : V, 1994, 162168.

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, , , - )36 ), , , , , , .

, Pop, 1990, 163), -

36 : Vn Gennep, 1960; Tune, 1960; i, 1983.

113

37 . , . , , , 1986), - .

, , .38 - , . - . , , ). A , ). / , . Tj, ) - ,

37 : Tee . , , lije I, 1991, 6163).

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, 1994 , , , 1994.

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lije, 1980 M. lije, Sveto i profano, pev. Z. Stojnovi, Zmk kultue, Vnjk Bnj, 1980.

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, 2006 . , , , : , . , , opheus, , 2006.

, 2006 . , , : , . , , opheus, , 2006.

i, 1983 . i, Kultura i komunikacija, pev. B. Hlebec, Posvet, Beog, 1983.

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, 2001 , . . . - . , Zepte, , 2001.

, 1988 , . , 1853), . . , , , 1988.

I, 1973 . , . , . . . , , , 1973.

II, 1845 , , : , , . . , , , 1988.

III, 1988 -, . , . . , , , 1988.

V, 1898 , . , . , , , 1898.

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, . . , , , , , , 1994.

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V, 1994 . , , . . , , , , , , 1994.

117

Zoj Knovi

MARKo KRAJVI AND MINA oF KoSTUR A FoRGoTTN TA oF MARITA AND HRoI INITIATIoN

SUMMARy

In the pocess of foming n epic, mythic stoies once tol s pt of itul tke pt. As the tnsfomtion of myth into epic tkes plce, the existent themes n motifs e eintepete n contminte, hile ne ones e intouce, n ll this lso psses though pocess of histoiztion, s the heoes e emythologize n esclize. An begin thei confonttions ith enemies of nothe ethnicity n/o fith. This histoicl qusi-histoicl) esonnce invests ol sujets ith ne mening, i.e. ne moe of though becomes pticul fo epic poety.

The ppe iscusses the poem Marko Kraljevi and Mina of Kostur hich hs been ecoe in sevel vints in the Sebin linguistic teitoy. Bsiclly, this stoy is foune on the mtix of the epic theme of the heo s svio to one in touble, hee Mko goes to help his foste-fthe, the empeo, ho is ging on the Abs, n is y fo long time. Hoeve, s the long bsence of the heo n beking the ule ginst leving his estte e eflection of the itul of postpone initition hen the heo is initilly mie, n nothe ishes to usup his spouse), this poem cn be obseve lso in this moe. This ppe lso mentions nge of othe techniques n motifs in the poem confiming its bsis in the initi-tion stoy.

118

119

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120

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6 ,,Fom the point of vie of usefulness in composition, the fomul mens its essentil ie; tht is to sy, noun-epithet fomul hs the essentil ie of its noun. The unken tven mens tven. The tition feels sense of mening in the epithet, n thus specil mening is impte to the noun n to the fomul. Fo it is cetin tht the singe mens on the sufce unken tven to men tven in hich men ink n become unk, but it coul ell be gue tht the epithet is peseve in the tition becuse it s use in stoies hee the tven s the symbol fo n entnce into the othe ol n the inking involve is the inking of the cup of fogetfulness, of the tes of ethe, n tht the unkenness involve is not tht of the oiny cousel, but is itself symbol fo consciousness in nothe ol, pehps even eth. This mening comes to it fom the specil, peculi pupose of ol epic song t its oigin, hich s mgicl n itul befoe it becme heoic o 1981, 6566). .

, , ) ).

, tolz & Shnon 1976), homsky 1986), McKenzie 2000) -. , . lines), ,, . patches), . frames), . -, , .

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Mijn Deteli

FoRMUAITy AND TH oRA PI FoRMUA TH ATTRIBUTS WHITE AND HEroIC IN SRBIAN DASyABI PI PoTRy

SUMMARy

Stting fom the clssic theoy of epic fomul by Millmn Py n Albet o, the utho exmines the limittions of this concept s pplie to Southen Slvic epic poety. The peculiities of Southen Slvic epic mteil llo fo consieing specific hiechy of ol epic fomuls. The olest e el fomuls, the most significnt n vluble poetic n nlyticl mens of connecting epic lyes; the next in this line e someht less poeticlly significnt fomuls, but still necessy, the so-clle ptil o uimenty fomuls, constnt epithets such s white throat even of n Ab), black earth, green sword, white day, white dawn n othes, vey simil to the mentione Homeic fomuls. The lst in line e the emegent fo-muls, the chngeble n mobile stings of os me of eithe the fou-syllble o the six-syllble pt of the ecsyllbic vese of ol epic poety.

Using the mteil of 1357