Srivastava Women 2006

Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Banaras Hindu University

Women Entrepreneurship in India: Some Aspects

Dr. Madhuri SrivastavaProfessor & Head

Department of Economics, Former Director, Centre for Women Studies and Development

Faculty of Social Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India


Why do Women Take-up Employment?

• Push Factors– Death of bread winner– Sudden fall in family income– Permanent inadequacy in income of the family

• Pull Factors– Women’s desire to evaluate their talent– To utilize their free time or education– Need and perception of Women’s Liberation, Equity etc.– To gain recognition, importance and social status.– To get economic independence


Categories of Women Entrepreneurs

• Women in organized & unorganized sector

• Women in traditional & modern industries

• Women in urban & rural areas• Women in large scale and small scale

industries.• Single women and joint venture.


Categories of Women Entrepreneurs in Practice in India

• First Category– Established in big cities– Having higher level technical & professional qualifications– Non traditional Items– Sound financial positions

• Second Category– Established in cities and towns– Having sufficient education– Both traditional and non traditional items– Undertaking women services-kindergarten, crèches, beauty

parlors, health clinic etc.


Categories of Women Entrepreneurs in Practice in India (Contd.)

• Third Category– Illiterate women– Financially week– Involved in family business such as

Agriculture, Horticulture, Animal Husbandry, Dairy, Fisheries, Agro Forestry, Handloom, Powerloom etc.


Supportive Measures for Women’s Economic Activities and

Entrepreneurship

• Direct & indirect financial support• Yojna schemes and programmes• Technological training and awards• Federations and associations


Direct & Indirect Financial Support

• Nationalized banks• State finance corporation• State industrial development corporation• District industries centers• Differential rate schemes• Mahila Udyug Needhi scheme• Small Industries Development Bank of India

(SIDBI)• State Small Industrial Development

Corporations (SSIDCs)


Yojna Schemes and Programmes

• Nehru Rojgar Yojna• Jawahar Rojgar Yojna• TRYSEM• DWACRA


Technological Training and Awards

• Stree Shakti Package by SBI• Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India• Trade Related Entrepreneurship Assistance and

Development (TREAD)• National Institute of Small Business Extension

Training (NSIBET)• Women’s University of Mumbai


Federations and Associations• National Alliance of Young Entrepreneurs (NAYE)• India Council of Women Entrepreneurs, New Delhi• Self Employed Women’s Association (SEWA)• Association of Women Entrepreneurs of Karnataka

(AWEK)• World Association of Women Entrepreneurs (WAWE)• Associated Country Women of the World (ACWW)


Women Entrepreneurship in India

States No of Units Registered

No. of Women Entrepreneurs

Percentage

Tamil Nadu 9618 2930 30.36

Uttar Pradesh 7980 3180 39.84

Kerala 5487 2135 38.91

Punjab 4791 1618 33.77

Maharastra 4339 1394 32.12

Gujrat 3872 1538 39.72

Karnatka 3822 1026 26.84

Madhya Pradesh

2967 842 28.38

Other States & UTS

14576 4185 28.71

Total 57,452 18,848 32.82


Women Work ParticipationCountry Percentage

India (1970-1971) 14.2

India (1980-1981) 19.7

India (1990-1991) 22.3

India (2000-2001) 31.6

USA 45

UK 43

Indonesia 40

Sri Lanka 35

Brazil 35


Women Entrepreneurship in India

• Earlier there were 3 Ks– Kitchen– Kids– Knitting

• Then came 3 Ps– Powder– Pappad– Pickles

• At present there are 4 Es– Electricity– Electronics– Energy– Engineering


Some examples

• Mahila Grih Udyog– 7 ladies started in 1959:

Lizzat Pappad• Lakme

– Simon Tata• Shipping coorporation

– Mrs. Sumati Morarji• Exports

– Ms. Nina Mehrotra• Herbal Heritage

– Ms. Shahnaz Hussain• Balaji films

– Ekta Kapoor


• Naina Lal Kidwai, Investment Banker

• Fortune magazine listed her as one of the world’s most powerful businesswomen in 2003. India Inc recognises her as one of its most powerful investment bankers. But Naina Lal Kidwai, HSBC’s deputy CEO, can’t be reduced to simple woman-banker equations; her professional vision transcends gender


• Shahnaz Husain, Herbal Beauty Queen She’s the "Estee Lauder of India", with even famous department stores like Galleries Lafayette in Paris, Harrods and Selfridges in London and Bloomingdales in New York stocking her cosmetics, creams and lotions.


• Vineeta Bali• Director, Academic Success

Program• she practiced law as a business

litigator for three years, and then as a transactional attorney for the Silicon Valley Law Group for several years. Her main responsibilities as a transactional attorney were in the following areas: mergers and acquisitions, investor financing and corporate funding, business formation and corporate governance, securities compliance for privately held and public companies.


• Lalita Gupte, Banker • she’s created a

formidable global presence of what was once a native development finance institution. Account-holders can now bank at ICICI branches in UK, the Far East, West Asia and Canada. With ICICI since 1971, Gupte was the first woman to be inducted on the board in 1984.


Problems

• Dual role to play at workplace & at home place

• Subordinate to men• Just that her being women• Non-awareness of facilities provided by

government• Competition with large scale units• Problems related to marketing


Suggestions• Procedure of getting finance should be

simple• Effective propagation of programmes

and yojna• Linkages between product, services and

market centers.• Encouragement to technical and

professional education.

Documents

Srivastava Women 2006