SQL User Guide Version 15.00

CA Datacom®/DB

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■ CA Datacom® CICS Services

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■ CA Datacom® DL1 Transparency

■ CA Datacom® IMS/DC Services

■ CA Datacom® Server

■ CA Datacom® SQL (SQL)

■ CA Datacom® STAR

■ CA Datacom® TOTAL Transparency

■ CA Datacom® VSAM Transparency

■ CA Dataquery™ for CA Datacom® (CA Dataquery)

■ CA Ideal™ for CA Datacom® (CA Ideal)

■ CA IPC

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Documentation Changes

The following documentation updates have been made since the last release of this documen tation.

This guide has been appropriately revised with additions and updates that include the following:

■ added ALTER AREA (see page 600) statement

■ updated ALTER TABLE (see page 602) statement

■ added ALTER DATABASE (see page 601) statement

■ added CREATE AREA (see page 623) statement

■ added CREATE DATABASE (see page 625) statement

■ updated DECLARE CURSOR (see page 720) statement

■ added DROP AREA (see page 739) statement

■ added DROP DATABASE (see page 740) statement

■ added SQL Databases (see page 43) section

■ added SQL Areas (see page 43) section

■ added UNSIGNED to the column definition options for ALTER TABLE (see page 606)

■ added UNSIGNED to the column definition options for CREATE TABLE (see the CREATE TABLE column definition (see page 693))

■ added information about DBSQLPR-related message DB00248I (see DBSQLPR (see page 117))

■ added a performance enhancement comment to COUNT(*) (see Counting (see page 324))

■ added the REPLACE function (see Character Functions (see page 566))

■ added the POSSTR function (see Character Functions (see page 566))

■ converted the SQL-related DIAGOPTION 1,64 to a MUF startup option SQL_ALLOW_TIME_240000 (see the CA Datacom/DB Database and System Administration Guide)

■ added a QUERYNO option to the Select-Statement (see page 783)

■ updated a tables to include signed columns (see Data Type of the Column, Null Value, and Sign) (see page 877)

■ updated a tables to include signed columns (see SQLDA (EXECUTE, FETCH, or OPEN Statement) (see page 879)

Contents 7

Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction 23

System Tasks .............................................................................................................................................................. 23

Syntax Diagrams ......................................................................................................................................................... 23

CA Datacom/DB Extensions ....................................................................................................................................... 23

Where to Find Information ........................................................................................................................................ 23

Related Publications ................................................................................................................................................... 23

Listing Libraries for CA Datacom Products ................................................................................................................. 24

Sample Report Headers .............................................................................................................................................. 24

CA Datacom/DB Extensions ....................................................................................................................................... 26

Chapter 2: Before You Start 27

What Is SQL? .............................................................................................................................................................. 27

What You Should Know About SQL ............................................................................................................................ 27

Tables .................................................................................................................................................................. 27

Columns .............................................................................................................................................................. 27

Rows .................................................................................................................................................................... 28

Views ................................................................................................................................................................... 28

Table and View Examples .................................................................................................................................... 28

Indexes ................................................................................................................................................................ 30

Cursors ................................................................................................................................................................ 30

Units of Work ...................................................................................................................................................... 30

Units of Recovery (Logical Unit of Work) ............................................................................................................ 30

Isolation Levels .................................................................................................................................................... 31

Schemas .............................................................................................................................................................. 33

Authorization ID .................................................................................................................................................. 33

Accessor ID .......................................................................................................................................................... 33

Privileges ............................................................................................................................................................. 34

Synonym .............................................................................................................................................................. 34

SQL Statements ................................................................................................................................................... 35

Binding ................................................................................................................................................................ 37

Plan ..................................................................................................................................................................... 37

SQL Manager .............................................................................................................................................................. 38

Reserved Words ......................................................................................................................................................... 39

Chapter 3: Getting Started 43

SQL Schemas .............................................................................................................................................................. 43

8 SQL User Guide

SQL Databases ............................................................................................................................................................ 43

SQL Areas ................................................................................................................................................................... 43

SQL Tables .................................................................................................................................................................. 44

SQL Tables and Logging ....................................................................................................................................... 44

Creating SQL Tables ............................................................................................................................................. 44

Using Existing Tables ........................................................................................................................................... 45

Populating SQL Tables ................................................................................................................................................ 47

Accessing SQL Tables .................................................................................................................................................. 47

Selecting and Manipulating Data ............................................................................................................................... 47

Specifying Preprocessor Options ................................................................................................................................ 48

Preparing Programs .................................................................................................................................................... 48

Mixed Mode Programming ................................................................................................................................. 49

Statement Execution Table ........................................................................................................................................ 49

Dynamic SQL............................................................................................................................................................... 51

Static SQL ............................................................................................................................................................ 52

Dynamic SQL ....................................................................................................................................................... 52

Dynamic SQL in CA Datacom/DB ......................................................................................................................... 53

INCLUDE Directive ............................................................................................................................................... 53

Name Types ......................................................................................................................................................... 54

Reserved Words .................................................................................................................................................. 54

Parameter Markers ............................................................................................................................................. 54

Security Implications of Dynamic SQL ................................................................................................................. 54

Using Dynamic SQL in Application Programs ...................................................................................................... 54

Other Tasks................................................................................................................................................................. 65

SQL Status Tables ....................................................................................................................................................... 66

Procedures and Triggers ............................................................................................................................................. 66

Overview ............................................................................................................................................................. 67

SQL Procedures ................................................................................................................................................... 70

External Security Support for Procedure/Trigger Creation and Execution ......................................................... 70

Trigger Execution for Record-at-a-Time Maintenance ........................................................................................ 71

Transaction Integrity ........................................................................................................................................... 71

Subroutine Calls Inside Procedures ..................................................................................................................... 72

Restrictions ......................................................................................................................................................... 72

Multi-User Facility Considerations for Procedures ............................................................................................. 73

Parameter Styles and Error Handling .................................................................................................................. 76

SQL Error Messages Related to Procedures and Triggers ................................................................................... 79

Datadictionary Support for Triggers and Procedures ......................................................................................... 82

Examples: Creating a Procedure ......................................................................................................................... 83

Example: Calling a Procedure ............................................................................................................................ 105

Left Outer Joins ........................................................................................................................................................ 106

Overview of Joins .............................................................................................................................................. 106

SELECT Statement Subselect Syntax ................................................................................................................. 107

Contents 9

SELECT Statement Select-Into Syntax ............................................................................................................... 108

Inner Join Example ............................................................................................................................................ 108

Outer Join Example ........................................................................................................................................... 108

Value of Rows That Do Not Match .................................................................................................................... 109

WHERE Clause ................................................................................................................................................... 110

Performance Considerations ............................................................................................................................. 111

Order of Predicate Evaluation ........................................................................................................................... 112

SQL Memory Guard .................................................................................................................................................. 113

Activating the SQL Memory Guard ................................................................................................................... 114

SQL and Multiple Multi-User Facilities Support ....................................................................................................... 115

Application Design Considerations ........................................................................................................................... 115

Index-Only Processing ....................................................................................................................................... 116

Cursor Processing .............................................................................................................................................. 116

DBSQLPR ................................................................................................................................................................... 117

Processing ......................................................................................................................................................... 118

Line Commands ................................................................................................................................................. 118

DBSQLPR Syntax ................................................................................................................................................ 119

DBSQLPR Options .............................................................................................................................................. 119

DROP PLAN (DBSQLPR) ..................................................................................................................................... 128

Example JCL ....................................................................................................................................................... 129

Sample Report ................................................................................................................................................... 131

DATACOM VIEWs ..................................................................................................................................................... 132

Overview ........................................................................................................................................................... 132

Redefinitions ..................................................................................................................................................... 132

Arrays ................................................................................................................................................................ 135

Default Values for Redefinitions and Arrays ..................................................................................................... 136

Datadictionary Considerations .......................................................................................................................... 137

Using SQC Table to Cancel SQL Requests ................................................................................................................. 137

Overriding SQL Key Selection ................................................................................................................................... 137

Examples ........................................................................................................................................................... 139

XML Support ...................................................................................................................................................... 139

SQL Read-Only .......................................................................................................................................................... 140

SQL Source Cache ..................................................................................................................................................... 141

Chapter 4: CA Datacom/DB SQL Preprocessors 143

Input to the Preprocessor ........................................................................................................................................ 144

INCLUDEs in COBOL ........................................................................................................................................... 145

INCLUDEs in PL/I ................................................................................................................................................ 145

INCLUDEs in Assembler ..................................................................................................................................... 145

INCLUDEs in C .................................................................................................................................................... 146

Output from the Preprocessors ............................................................................................................................... 146

10 SQL User Guide

COBOL ............................................................................................................................................................... 146

PL/I, Assembler, and C ...................................................................................................................................... 147

Sample JCL ................................................................................................................................................................ 147

Sample COBOL JCL............................................................................................................................................. 148

Sample PL/I JCL ................................................................................................................................................. 157

Sample Assembler JCL ....................................................................................................................................... 159

Sample C Language JCL ..................................................................................................................................... 164

Embedding SQL Statements in Host Programs ........................................................................................................ 169

Distinguishing SQL Statements ......................................................................................................................... 169

Rules for Coding Embedded SQL ....................................................................................................................... 172

Coding Embedded SQL in COBOL ...................................................................................................................... 174

Coding Embedded SQL in PL/I ........................................................................................................................... 181

Coding Embedded SQL in Assembler ................................................................................................................ 196

Coding Embedded SQL in C ............................................................................................................................... 202

Using Preprocessor Options ..................................................................................................................................... 204

Overview ........................................................................................................................................................... 205

Naming the Plan ................................................................................................................................................ 205

Specifying Processing Options in COBOL .......................................................................................................... 206

Specifying Processing Options in PL/I, C, and Assembler .................................................................................. 207

Options You Can Specify ................................................................................................................................... 210

Description of Options ...................................................................................................................................... 213

SQL Communication Area (SQLCA) ........................................................................................................................... 237

SQLCA in COBOL ................................................................................................................................................ 237

SQLCA in PL/I ..................................................................................................................................................... 237

SQLCA in Assembler .......................................................................................................................................... 238

SQLCA in C Language ......................................................................................................................................... 238

Example SQLCA Formats ................................................................................................................................... 238

SQL Work Area (SQLWA) .......................................................................................................................................... 256

SQLWA Examples .............................................................................................................................................. 256

Error Handling .......................................................................................................................................................... 263

Interaction of Multiple Preprocessors ..................................................................................................................... 264

SQL Plan Options Special Topics ............................................................................................................................... 265

Read-Only .......................................................................................................................................................... 265

Mixing Isolation Levels ...................................................................................................................................... 265

Locking a Row .................................................................................................................................................... 265

CICS Unit of Recovery End ................................................................................................................................. 266

ANSI Compatibility ............................................................................................................................................ 267

CA Ideal Considerations .................................................................................................................................... 268

Block Transfer ................................................................................................................................................... 268

OPEN/CLOSE Efficiency ..................................................................................................................................... 268

Automatic Unit of Recovery End ....................................................................................................................... 268

Plan Locks .......................................................................................................................................................... 269

Contents 11

Plan Locks .......................................................................................................................................................... 271

Chapter 5: Interfacing with the User Requirements Table (URT) 275

DBURINF - User Requirements Interface ................................................................................................................. 276

DBURSTR - Start User Requirements Table .............................................................................................................. 277

DBUREND - End Interface/Table .............................................................................................................................. 277

Example .................................................................................................................................................................... 277

Chapter 6: Program Compilation, Link-Edit and Execution 279

Batch Link-Editing and Execution ............................................................................................................................. 279

Linking Multiple Modules with SQL .......................................................................................................................... 279

Sample JCL for Batch ................................................................................................................................................ 282

CICS Link-Editing and Execution ............................................................................................................................... 282

Sample JCL for CICS .................................................................................................................................................. 283

IMS/DC Link-Editing and Execution .......................................................................................................................... 283

Sample JCL for IMS/DC ............................................................................................................................................. 283

z/OS IMS/DC Sample JCL ................................................................................................................................... 284

Chapter 7: SQL Error Handling 287

SQL Return Codes -117 and -118 .............................................................................................................................. 287

Online Displays ......................................................................................................................................................... 290

Batch Output ............................................................................................................................................................ 294

Error Handling Related to Procedures and Triggers ................................................................................................. 296

SQL States ................................................................................................................................................................. 296

SQLCA Examples ................................................................................................................................................ 296

SQL State Classes ............................................................................................................................................... 304

SQL States Table ................................................................................................................................................ 306

Chapter 8: Application Tasks Using Embedded SQL 315

Chapter 9: Specifying Result Tables 319

Selecting All Columns ............................................................................................................................................... 319

Selecting Some Columns .......................................................................................................................................... 320

Selecting Using Search Conditions ........................................................................................................................... 321

Ordering by Column Values ...................................................................................................................................... 322

Eliminating Duplicate Rows ...................................................................................................................................... 323

Counting ................................................................................................................................................................... 324

Calculating Values .................................................................................................................................................... 325

Summarizing Group Values ...................................................................................................................................... 327

12 SQL User Guide

Testing for Existence ................................................................................................................................................ 329

Chapter 10: Selecting Data from Multiple Tables 331

Joining Tables ........................................................................................................................................................... 331

Using the UNION Operator ...................................................................................................................................... 334

Chapter 11: Inserting Rows 339

Chapter 12: Updating a Table 341

Chapter 13: Deleting Rows 345

Chapter 14: Committing and Backing Out Transactions 347

Chapter 15: Overview of the Interactive SQL Service Facility 349

Chapter 16: Using the Interactive SQL Service Facility 353

Executable SQL Statements ...................................................................................................................................... 354

Specifying Unique SQL Names.................................................................................................................................. 354

Submitting SQL Statements ...................................................................................................................................... 355

How to Submit SQL Statements ........................................................................................................................ 356

How to Use ........................................................................................................................................................ 357

Using Commands ...................................................................................................................................................... 364

Commands Specifically for Use in the Interactive SQL Service Facility ............................................................. 366

ALTERNATE Command ...................................................................................................................................... 366

COPY SQL Command ......................................................................................................................................... 366

DELETE SQL Command ...................................................................................................................................... 368

DISPLAY SQL Command ..................................................................................................................................... 369

EDIT SQL Command ........................................................................................................................................... 370

EXECUTE Command .......................................................................................................................................... 371

REBIND Command ............................................................................................................................................. 371

SCROLL Command ............................................................................................................................................. 372

Using Line Commands .............................................................................................................................................. 373

Using Margin Commands ......................................................................................................................................... 374

Using PF Keys ............................................................................................................................................................ 375

Maintaining Source and Output Members .............................................................................................................. 377

Editing and Executing Source Members ........................................................................................................... 378

Displaying Source and Output Members .......................................................................................................... 386

Copying Source Members ................................................................................................................................. 391

Contents 13

Deleting Source and Output Members ............................................................................................................. 393

Chapter 17: Creating SQL Objects 397

Creating a Schema .................................................................................................................................................... 398

Naming the Schema .......................................................................................................................................... 399

Relating the Person to the AUTHID ................................................................................................................... 399

Changing Your AUTHID ...................................................................................................................................... 400

System Schemas ................................................................................................................................................ 401

Displaying and Reporting .................................................................................................................................. 401

Example Source Member .................................................................................................................................. 402

Example Output Member ................................................................................................................................. 403

Chapter 18: Creating a Database 405

Chapter 19: Creating an Area 407

Creating a Table ....................................................................................................................................................... 407

Naming the Table .............................................................................................................................................. 408

Key Creation ...................................................................................................................................................... 409

Element Creation .............................................................................................................................................. 410

Statement Execution Results ............................................................................................................................ 411

Example Source Member .................................................................................................................................. 411

Example Output Member ................................................................................................................................. 413

Altering a Table ........................................................................................................................................................ 414

Statement Execution Results ............................................................................................................................ 415

Example Source Member .................................................................................................................................. 415

Example Output Member ................................................................................................................................. 416

Creating an Index ..................................................................................................................................................... 417

Naming the Index (Key) ..................................................................................................................................... 418

Key Creation ...................................................................................................................................................... 418

Statement Execution Results ............................................................................................................................ 418

Example Source Member .................................................................................................................................. 419

Example Output Member ................................................................................................................................. 420

Creating a View ........................................................................................................................................................ 421

Naming the View ............................................................................................................................................... 421

Example Source Member .................................................................................................................................. 422

Example Output Member ................................................................................................................................. 424

Creating a Synonym ................................................................................................................................................. 425

Naming the Synonym ........................................................................................................................................ 426

Example Source Member .................................................................................................................................. 427

Example Output Member ................................................................................................................................. 428

14 SQL User Guide

Adding and Replacing Comments ............................................................................................................................ 429

Example Source Member .................................................................................................................................. 429

Example Output Member ................................................................................................................................. 430

Chapter 20: Deleting SQL Objects 433

Deleting a Schema .................................................................................................................................................... 434

Dropping an Index .................................................................................................................................................... 434

Dropping a Table ...................................................................................................................................................... 436

Dropping a View ....................................................................................................................................................... 439

Dropping a Synonym ................................................................................................................................................ 441

Chapter 21: Manipulating Data in SQL Tables 445

Chapter 22: Controlling Access Through SQL Statements 447

Chapter 23: Performing SQL Administrative Tasks 449

SQL Names ............................................................................................................................................................... 449

Setting the Session Authorization ID ........................................................................................................................ 450

Current Authorization ID at Start of Session ..................................................................................................... 450

Displaying and Reporting .................................................................................................................................. 451

How to Set the Default ...................................................................................................................................... 452

Deleting a Plan ......................................................................................................................................................... 454

How the Plan Is Named ..................................................................................................................................... 455

How to Delete a Plan ......................................................................................................................................... 456

Rebinding a Plan ....................................................................................................................................................... 459

How to Rebind a Plan ........................................................................................................................................ 459

Displaying Index of SQL Plans ................................................................................................................................... 462

How to Display an Index of SQL Plans ............................................................................................................... 463

Specifying Plan Options in a Source Member .......................................................................................................... 465

Coding Plan Options ................................................................................................................................................. 466

Options You Can Specify ................................................................................................................................... 469

Example ............................................................................................................................................................. 475

Chapter 24: Overview of SQL Language Reference 477

Chapter 25: Basic Language Elements 479

Characters ................................................................................................................................................................ 479

Tokens ...................................................................................................................................................................... 479

Spaces ............................................................................................................................................................... 480

Contents 15

Uppercase and Lowercase ................................................................................................................................ 480

Identifiers ................................................................................................................................................................. 480

Ordinary SQL identifiers .................................................................................................................................... 481

Delimited SQL identifiers .................................................................................................................................. 481

Naming Conventions ................................................................................................................................................ 482

Authorization ID ....................................................................................................................................................... 485

Values ....................................................................................................................................................................... 486

Data Types ................................................................................................................................................................ 487

DATE, TIME, and TIMESTAMP ........................................................................................................................... 487

Host Variable Data Types .................................................................................................................................. 488

SQL Data Types .................................................................................................................................................. 488

CA Datacom/DB Data Types .............................................................................................................................. 488

SQL Data Type Support for All CA Datacom/DB Tables ..................................................................................... 492

Character Strings ............................................................................................................................................... 497

Numeric Data Types .......................................................................................................................................... 502

Basic Operations (Assignment and Comparison) ..................................................................................................... 503

Numeric Assignments ....................................................................................................................................... 504

String Assignment ............................................................................................................................................. 507

Numeric Comparisons ....................................................................................................................................... 509

String Comparisons ........................................................................................................................................... 511

Literals ...................................................................................................................................................................... 512

Character String Literals .................................................................................................................................... 512

Integer Literals .................................................................................................................................................. 514

Floating Point Literals ........................................................................................................................................ 515

Decimal Literals ................................................................................................................................................. 515

Column Names ......................................................................................................................................................... 516

Qualified Column Names .................................................................................................................................. 517

Correlation Names ............................................................................................................................................ 517

Column-Name Qualifiers to Avoid Ambiguity ................................................................................................... 519

Column-Name Qualifiers in Correlated References .......................................................................................... 520

Host Variables .......................................................................................................................................................... 522

Host Structures ................................................................................................................................................. 522

Extended Format for Host Variables in COBOL ................................................................................................. 524

Indicator Variables ................................................................................................................................................... 526

SQL Parameters ........................................................................................................................................................ 527

SQL Variables ............................................................................................................................................................ 527

Chapter 26: Expressions 529

CASE, COALESCE, NULLIF, and CAST ......................................................................................................................... 531

Special Registers ....................................................................................................................................................... 535

Labeled Duration ...................................................................................................................................................... 537

16 SQL User Guide

Expressions without Arithmetic Operators .............................................................................................................. 539

Expressions with the Concatenation Operator ........................................................................................................ 539

Expressions with Arithmetic Operators ................................................................................................................... 540

Arithmetic Operations for Dates, Times, and Timestamps ...................................................................................... 544

Durations ........................................................................................................................................................... 544

Precedence of Operations ........................................................................................................................................ 548

Chapter 27: Functions 551

Column Functions ..................................................................................................................................................... 551

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 551

Rules for Column Functions .............................................................................................................................. 552

Examples ........................................................................................................................................................... 554

Scalar Functions ....................................................................................................................................................... 555

Rules for Scalar Functions ................................................................................................................................. 556

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 556

Character Functions .......................................................................................................................................... 566

Bit-Level Functions ............................................................................................................................................ 572

Byte-Level Function ........................................................................................................................................... 576

XML Functions ................................................................................................................................................... 577

Chapter 28: Predicates 583

Basic Predicate ......................................................................................................................................................... 583

Quantified Predicate ................................................................................................................................................ 585

BETWEEN Predicate ................................................................................................................................................. 586

LIKE Predicate ........................................................................................................................................................... 587

EXISTS Predicate ....................................................................................................................................................... 591

IN Predicate .............................................................................................................................................................. 592

NULL Predicate ......................................................................................................................................................... 594

Chapter 29: Search Conditions 595

Chapter 30: SQL Statements 599

Preliminary Information—Lock Levels ..................................................................................................................... 599

Statements That Support Procedures and Triggers ................................................................................................. 599

ALTER AREA .............................................................................................................................................................. 600

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 601

ALTER DATABASE ..................................................................................................................................................... 601

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 602

ALTER TABLE ............................................................................................................................................................. 602

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 606

Contents 17

Processing ......................................................................................................................................................... 611

Assignment Statement ............................................................................................................................................. 615

CALL/EXECUTE PROCEDURE ..................................................................................................................................... 615

CASE Statement ........................................................................................................................................................ 617

CLOSE ....................................................................................................................................................................... 617

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 618

Processing ......................................................................................................................................................... 618

COMMENT ON.......................................................................................................................................................... 618

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 619

COMMIT WORK ........................................................................................................................................................ 621

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 621

CREATE AREA ............................................................................................................................................................ 623

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 624

CREATE DATABASE ................................................................................................................................................... 625

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 627

CREATE INDEX .......................................................................................................................................................... 627

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 629

Processing ......................................................................................................................................................... 630

CREATE PROCEDURE ................................................................................................................................................ 630

External Procedures .......................................................................................................................................... 632

SQL Procedures ................................................................................................................................................. 632

CREATE PROCEDURE Syntax and Description ................................................................................................... 634

CREATE RULE ............................................................................................................................................................ 686

CREATE SCHEMA ...................................................................................................................................................... 686

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 687

CREATE SYNONYM ................................................................................................................................................... 688

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 689

CREATE TABLE .......................................................................................................................................................... 690

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 691

Privileges ........................................................................................................................................................... 692

Column Definition ............................................................................................................................................. 693

Column Constraint Definition ........................................................................................................................... 695

Table Constraint Definition ............................................................................................................................... 697

Referential Constraint Definition ...................................................................................................................... 699

Data Types ......................................................................................................................................................... 705

CREATE TRIGGER/RULE ............................................................................................................................................ 712

CREATE VIEW ............................................................................................................................................................ 715

Privileges ........................................................................................................................................................... 716

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 717

Processing ......................................................................................................................................................... 718

DECLARE CURSOR ..................................................................................................................................................... 720

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 721

18 SQL User Guide

Cursor Usage ..................................................................................................................................................... 722

Example1 ........................................................................................................................................................... 723

Example 2 .......................................................................................................................................................... 724

Example 3 .......................................................................................................................................................... 724

DECLARE STATEMENT .............................................................................................................................................. 725

DELETE ...................................................................................................................................................................... 725

Searched DELETE ............................................................................................................................................... 726

Positioned DELETE ............................................................................................................................................. 726

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 727

Processing ......................................................................................................................................................... 728

DESCRIBE .................................................................................................................................................................. 729

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 731

DROP ........................................................................................................................................................................ 733

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 736

Example 1 .......................................................................................................................................................... 739

Example 2 .......................................................................................................................................................... 739

Example 3 .......................................................................................................................................................... 739

DROP AREA ............................................................................................................................................................... 739

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 740

DROP DATABASE ...................................................................................................................................................... 740

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 741

EXECUTE ................................................................................................................................................................... 741

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 742

Parameter Marker Replacement ...................................................................................................................... 743

EXECUTE IMMEDIATE ............................................................................................................................................... 744

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 745

Rules for Statement Strings .............................................................................................................................. 745

EXECUTE PROCEDURE .............................................................................................................................................. 745

FETCH ....................................................................................................................................................................... 745

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 746

Processing ......................................................................................................................................................... 747

GRANT ...................................................................................................................................................................... 748

Plan Security ...................................................................................................................................................... 748

Description of Plan Security Diagram ................................................................................................................ 749

Description of Non-Plan Security Diagram ........................................................................................................ 750

IF-THEN Statement ................................................................................................................................................... 752

INSERT ...................................................................................................................................................................... 753

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 754

Rules for Inserting ............................................................................................................................................. 755

Processing ......................................................................................................................................................... 755

ITERATE Statement ................................................................................................................................................... 756

LEAVE Statement ...................................................................................................................................................... 756

Contents 19

LOCK TABLE .............................................................................................................................................................. 757

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 757

Example ............................................................................................................................................................. 758

LOOP Statement ....................................................................................................................................................... 758

OPEN ........................................................................................................................................................................ 758

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 759

Processing ......................................................................................................................................................... 761

Effect of Temporary Tables ............................................................................................................................... 761

Example ............................................................................................................................................................. 761

PREPARE ................................................................................................................................................................... 762

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 763

Rules for Statement Strings .............................................................................................................................. 764

Rules for Parameter Markers ............................................................................................................................ 764

REPEAT-UNTIL Statement ......................................................................................................................................... 765

REVOKE ..................................................................................................................................................................... 765

Plan Security ...................................................................................................................................................... 766

Description of Plan Security Diagram ................................................................................................................ 766

Description of Non-Plan Security Diagram ........................................................................................................ 768

Example 1 .......................................................................................................................................................... 769

Example 2 .......................................................................................................................................................... 770

Example 3 .......................................................................................................................................................... 770

ROLLBACK WORK ...................................................................................................................................................... 770

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 771

SELECT ...................................................................................................................................................................... 772

Subselect ........................................................................................................................................................... 773

Full-Select Statement ........................................................................................................................................ 781

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 782

Select-Statement ............................................................................................................................................... 783

ORDER BY Clause ............................................................................................................................................... 785

Select-Into Statement ....................................................................................................................................... 787

SET CURRENT SQLID ................................................................................................................................................. 793

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 794

Example ............................................................................................................................................................. 795

UPDATE .................................................................................................................................................................... 795

Searched UPDATE ............................................................................................................................................. 796

Positioned UPDATE ........................................................................................................................................... 796

WHENEVER ............................................................................................................................................................... 800

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 800

Processing ......................................................................................................................................................... 801

Example ............................................................................................................................................................. 802

WHILE Statement ..................................................................................................................................................... 802

20 SQL User Guide

Appendix A: SQL Query Optimization Messages 803

Message Table (SYSADM.SYSMSG) .......................................................................................................................... 803

Requesting Messages ............................................................................................................................................... 804

Bind-time Messages ................................................................................................................................................. 804

Bind-time Summary Messages .......................................................................................................................... 804

Bind-time Detail Messages ................................................................................................................................ 813

Execution-Time Messages ........................................................................................................................................ 818

Execution-Time Summary Messages ................................................................................................................ 819

Execution-Time Detail Messages ...................................................................................................................... 822

Examples ............................................