Sql server lab_3

Adavnced Database Programming 1

MS SQL Server 2005MS SQL Server 2005

Lab # 3 : Practicing Queries


1. Practicing Company Database Example

Create EmployeeEmployee Table: FNAME:FNAME: First Name LNAME:LNAME: Last Name SSN:SSN: Social Security Number (Primary Key) BDATE:BDATE: Birth Date ADDRESS:ADDRESS: Employee’s Address Gender:Gender: F (Female) OR M (Male) SALARYSALARY SUPERSSN:SUPERSSN: Employee’s Supervisor SSN DNO:DNO: No. of the Department the Emp. Works in (Foreign (Foreign

Key)Key)



Create DepartmentDepartment Table: DNAME:DNAME: Department Name DNUMBER:DNUMBER: Department Number (Primary Key) DLOCATION:DLOCATION: Department Location MGRSSN:MGRSSN: Manager Social Security Number

(Foreign Key)(Foreign Key) MGRSTARTDATE:MGRSTARTDATE: Manager Work Start Date



Create ProjectProject Table: PNAME:PNAME: Project Name PNUMBER:PNUMBER: Project Number (Primary Key) PLOCATION:PLOCATION: Project Location DNUM:DNUM: Department Number which Project

belongs to (Foreign Key)(Foreign Key)



Create Works_ONWorks_ON Table: ESSN:ESSN: Employee Social Security Number

(Primary Key) + (Foreign Key)(Foreign Key) PNO:PNO: Project Number (Primary Key) + (Foreign (Foreign

Key)Key) HOURS:HOURS: Project Working Hours


2. Simple Queries

Basic SELECT Form:

USE database_name

SELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT ] Column_List

From table1[table2,….]

WHERE conditions


2. Simple Queries

Basic SELECT Form:

Column_List Column_List Specifications:: * denotes for all columns of all tables

specified in the FROM Clause Specified Column name Column_Name as Column_Heading To

Replace OR to assign a new column name to an expression

An Expression, System or Aggregate Function


2. Simple Queries

Example :Q:Q: View all Departments info detailsA:A:

Use CompanySelect *From department

ORUse CompanySelect DNAME,DNUMBER,DLOCATION,

MGRSSN,MGRSTARTDATEFrom department


2. Simple Queries

Example :Q:Q: View all Employees Salary values

A:A:Use CompanySelect ALL SalaryFrom employee

Q:Q: View Distinct Employees Salary valuesA:A:

Use CompanySelect DISTINCT SalaryFrom employee


2. Simple Queries

WHERE Clause Form:

USE database_nameSELECT Column_List[ INTO New_table ]From table1[table2,….][ WHERE conditions ][ GROUP BY group_by_expression ][ HAVING search_conditions ][ ORDER BY order_expression[ASC|DESC] ]


2. Simple Queries

Clauses must be written in order Comparison of strings are executed according to the

collation (Sort) order of the database ASCCI code Strings Comparisons will be done

character-to-character according to the difference between their values (Even if their lengths are different)

Priorities: NOT AND OR To avoid priorities conflicts, you may use parentheses

( )


Notes to be Mentioned !

DISTINCT Clause Must precede all Columns list

Dates are stored in the table according to the system date format

Dates are viewed in the Query Result according to the equivalent date in Gregorian Calendar

To view them in Hijri Format Use:Select Convert(nchar(10),DateColumn,131)


2. Simple Queries

Example :Q:Q: View all Male employees SSN and Department number who works in Departments located in Riyadh A:A:

Use CompanySelect SSN, DNumberFrom Employee, Departmentwhere Gender=‘M’ AND Dno=DNumber

and DLocation=‘Riyadh’


2. Simple Queries

Example :

Q:Q: View all employees SSN who doesn’t work in Departments number 43A:A:

Use CompanySelect SSN

From Employeewhere NOT DNumber=43


2. Simple Queries

Example :

Q:Q: View all employees SSN who doesn’t work in Departments number 43A:A:


From Employeewhere DNumber<>43


2. Simple Queries

Example :

Q:Q: View all employees SSN who works in project Number 125 Or project number 326A:A:

Use CompanySelect ESSN

From Works_Onwhere PNO=125 OR PNO=326


2. Simple Queries

Example :Q:Q: View all employees total salaryA:A:

Use CompanySelect SUM(Salary) Total_SalaryFrom Employee

Same way to use all other aggregate functions such as: MIN, MAX, AVG, COUNT ,COUNT_BIG


2. Simple Queries

IN and BETWEEN Clauses :

USE database_nameSELECT Column_List

From table1[table2,….]WHERE Column_Name IN(value1, value2, value,…)


2. Simple Queries

IN and BETWEEN Clauses :

USE database_nameSELECT Column_List

From table1[table2,….]WHERE Column_Name BETWEEN value1 AND value2


2. Simple Queries

Example :

Q:Q: View all employees First & Last Name who their Salary is 20000 or 18500 or 16000

A:A:

Use CompanySelect FNAME, LNAME

From Employeewhere Salary IN (20000,18500,16000)


2. Simple Queries

Example : (Equivalent Solution)Q:Q: View all employees First & Last Name who their Salary is 20000 or 18500 or 16000

A:A:Use CompanySelect FNAME, LNAMEFrom Employeewhere Salary=20000 OR Salary=18500

OR Salary=16000


2. Simple Queries

Example :Q:Q: View all employees First & Last Name who their Salary is Not 20000 or 18500 or 16000

A:A:Use CompanySelect FNAME, LNAMEFrom Employeewhere Salary NOT IN (20000,18500,

16000)


2. Simple Queries

Example :

Q:Q: View all employees SSN whose Salary is in range between 4526 and 4700

A:A:


From Employeewhere Salary BETWEEN 4526 AND 4700


2. Simple Queries

Example : (Equivalent Solution)Q:Q: View all employees SSN whose Salary is in range between 4526 and 4700

A:A:Use CompanySelect SSNFrom Employeewhere Salary >= 4526 AND Salary <=

4700


2. Simple Queries

Example :Q:Q: View all employees SSN whose BDate is NOT between 1/1/1960 and 4/3/1968

A:A:Use CompanySelect SSNFrom Employeewhere BDate NOT BETWEEN ‘1/1/1960’

AND ‘4/3/1968’


Queries Involving NULL values

Comparisons with NULL Values will always return False

To RetrieveRetrieve rows with NULL values Use the Column_Name IS [NOT] NULL

operator in the WHERE Clause



Example :

Q:Q: View all Managers First & Last Name A:A:

Use CompanySelect FNAME, LNAME

From Employeewhere SUPERSSN IS NULL



Example :Q:Q: View all Employees SSN who are supervised by Mangers A:A:

Use CompanySelect SSNFrom Employeewhere SUPERSSN IS NOT NULL

[ Equivalent Sol. NOT (SUPERSSN IS NULL)]



Using ISNULL System Function :

SELECT ISNULL(ColumnName,Substitution Value) NewColumnName

FROM TableName NoteNote:

Substitution Value Must be same as column type



Example :Q:Q: View all Employees First Name who are supervised by Mangers(View their SuperSSN as 0)

A:A:Use CompanySelect FNAME, ISNULL(SuperSSN,0)

SupervidesdFrom Employee


Like Operator

Compares column values with specified pattern which can be any character or DateTime data type

Column [NOT] LIKE ‘Pattern’ Pattern may be string or date constant or

expression by using Wild Characters such as: % any sequence of zero or more characters _ any single charcter


Like Operator

Example :

Q:Q: View all Employees SSN who their First Name starts with O

A:A:


From Employeewhere FName LIKE ‘O%’


Like Operator

Example :

Q:Q: View all Employees SSN who their Last Name second letter is a

A:A:


From Employeewhere LName LIKE ‘_a%’


Like Operator: More Special Characters for Searching Patterns [ ],^

Example :

[[RangeStart--RangeEnd]] Range of Characters

[[1stChar2ndChar..]] List of Characters

^ ^ Negation of Range or List of Characters



Example :Q:Q: View all department number who their location begin with a character in the range C through F

A:A:Use CompanySelect DNumberFrom Departmentwhere DLocation LIKE ‘[C-F]%’



Example :

Q:Q: View all department number which their location do NOT begin with the letters J,K,L,M,N,O and whose Department Name doesn't begin with letters E Or Z

A:A:

Use CompanySelect DNumber

From Departmentwhere DLocation LIKE ‘[^J-O]%’ AND DName

LIKE ‘[^EZ]%’


Like Operator

Example :Q:Q: View all Employees SSN who their Last Name doesn’t end with n

A:A:Use CompanySelect SSNFrom Employeewhere FName NOT LIKE ‘%n’

(NOT FName LIKE ‘%n’)


Like Operator

Example :

Q:Q: How can i search for a String contains one of the Wild characters ( [],_, ^, %)

A:A:

By Using Square Brackets ‘[WildChar]’ OROR

By Using ESCAPE option Such as

Column_Name LIKE ‘ESCAPECHARWildChar’ ESCAPE ‘ESCAPECHAR’



Example :Q:Q: View all department number who their location includes an Underscore

A:A:Use CompanySelect DNumberFrom Departmentwhere DLocation LIKE ‘%[ _ ]%’

OR DLocation LIKE ‘%!_% ESCAPE ‘!’

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