SQL Server 2000 Fast Answers

for DBAs and Developers

Joseph Sack

SQL Server 2000 Fast Answers for DBAs and Developers

(This book was originally published by Curlingstone in 2003.)

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ISBN (pbk): 1-59059-592-0

Copyright © 2005 by Apress

CreditsAuthor Technical Reviewers Joseph Sack Chris Barnwell

Glen Berry Publisher Greg Feirer

Fiona McParland Terry Hickman Narayana Vyas Kondreddi

Commissioning Editor Jeff Mason Timothy Briggs Brian Moran

Paul Morris Technical Editors Craig Mullins

Duncan Black Massimo Nardone Justin Crozier Alexzander Nepomnjashiy

Matthew Moodie Baya Pavliashvili

Indexer Production Manager Bill Johncocks Zuned Kasu

Proofreader FiguresPauline Briggs Rachel Taylor

Pip Wonson Cover Design

Dawn Chellingworth Production Coordinators Natalie O'Donnell Rachel Taylor

Corey Stewart Pip Wonson

About the AuthorJoseph Sack is a database administrator and consultant based inMinneapolis, Minnesota. Since 1997, he has been developing

and supporting SQL Server environments for clients in financialservices, IT consulting, and manufacturing. He is a Microsoft

Certified Database Administrator (MCDBA). Joe has a BA in

Psychology from the University of Minnesota, and so issomewhat qualified to listen to what troubles you. You can visit

him at http://www.joesack.com.

AcknowledgmentsThank you to David Hatch, for your advice, encouragement, and patience in hearing me discuss the book

constantly.

Thank you to Barb Sorensen, who gave me my first break at becoming a DBA and developer. Barb sent me toSeattle for SQL Server training six years ago, and gave me plenty of fun SQL Server projects to work on.

Thank you to Earl Fultz and Andrée Abecassis, for your initial advice and suggestions.

Lastly, I am very grateful to the great big team of editors here at Curlingstone. Your excellent suggestionsand careful review have really made this book what it is! Thank you to Tim Briggs, Duncan Black, Matthew

Moodie, Justin Crozier, Terry Hickman, Baya Pavliashvili, Narayana Vyas Kondreddi, Massimo Nardone,

Glenn Berry, Jeff Mason, Chris Barnwell, Craig S Mullins, Brian Moran, Greg Feirer, Paul Morris, and SashaNepomnjashiy. Your feedback was critical and much appreciated.

Table of Contents

Preface xxi

Introduction xxiii

Chapter 1: Installation, Upgrades, Service Packs, and Database Migration 1

Common Installation Problems 2

Hardware and Operating System Requirements for SQL Server 2000 3

Pre-Installation Best Practices 5

1.1 How to… Install SQL Server 2000 11

1.2 How to… Install Analysis Services 13

1.3 How to… Install English Query 14

1.4 How to… Perform an Unattended Installation 15

1.5 How to… Perform a Remote Installation 17

1.6 How to… Install Only the Client Utilities 17

1.7 How to… Install Only Client Connectivity 18

1.8 How to… Uninstall SQL Server 18

1.9 How to… Troubleshoot a Failed Installation 19

SQL Server Instances: Overview and Best Practice 20

1.10 How to… Install a Named Instance of SQL Server 21

1.11 How to… Register Your Named Instance in SQL Server

Enterprise Manager 21

1.12 How to… Determine the Port Number for a Named Instance 22

Microsoft Data Access Components (MDAC) Defined 22

1.13 How to… Troubleshoot MDAC Installation 22

Ensuring Client Connectivity to Your Server 23

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Upgrading to SQL Server 2000 from SQL Server 6.5 and 7.0 25

Database Compatibility Settings 25

Service Packs and Security Patches 26

1.14 How to… Find the Latest SQL Server Service Packs and Security Patches 27

1.15 How to… Install a Service Pack 27

1.16 How to… Uninstall a SQL Server Service Pack 29

1.17 How to… Install a Security Patch 32

1.18 How to… Roll Back a Security Patch 33

Post-Installation Best Practices 33

Database Migration Techniques 37

1.19 How to… Move Logins 37

1.20 How to… Fix Orphaned Logins 41

1.21 How to… Restore Another SQL Server's Database from Backup

to SQL Server 2000 42

1.22 How to………… Use BCP 50

1.23 How to………… Use BULK INSERT 54

Database Migration – Bringing It All Together 55

1.24 How to… Migrate Databases from SQL Server 6.5 to SQL Server 2000 55

1.25 How to… Migrate Data from Microsoft Access 60

1.26 How to… Migrate Data from Microsoft Excel 64

Chapter 2: Configuring SQL Server 67

2.1 How to… Configure Server Options with Enterprise Manager 67

2.2 How to… Configure and View Server Options with sp_configure 68

2.3 How to… Use RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE 70

2.4 How to... Configure Server Options 70

2.5 How to… View Server Property Information with SERVERPROPERTY 103

2.6 How to… Show Version Information for Your Server – xp_msver 105

2.7 How to… View Server Default Collation using SELECT

SERVERPROPERTY 109

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2.8 How to… View Server Default Collation using sp_helpsort 109

2.9 How to… Create a Database with a Collation Different from the

Server Default 110

2.10 How to… Change Database Collation 111

2.11 How to… Create a Table with a Column using a Non-Default Collation 111

2.12 How to… Change a Column's Collation 112

2.13 How to… Use the COLLATE Statement in a Transact-SQL Statement 113

2.14 How to… Use COLLATIONPROPERTY 113

2.15 How to… Change Default Server Collation with the Rebuild Master

Utility 114

Chapter 3: Creating and Configuring Databases 119

SQL Server Storage Internals 119

Estimating Growth 123

The System Databases 126

Creating, Configuring, and Modifying Your Database 126

3.1 How To… Create a Database in SQL Server 2000 126

3.2 How to… Add a Data or Log File to an Existing Database 134

3.3 How to… Remove a Data or Log File from a Database 135

3.4 How to… Change a File's Logical Name 137

3.5 How to… Change a Database Owner 137

Database Options 138

3.6 How to… View Database Options with DATABASEPROPERTYEX 153

3.7 How to… View User Options for the Current Connection with DBCC

USEROPTIONS 155

3.8 How to… Set User Options in Query Analyzer 156

3.9 How to… Rename a Database with sp_renamedb 160

3.10 How to… Show Database Information with sp_helpdb 160

3.11 How to… Show Log Size and % Space Used for Each Database 161

3.12 How to… Report and Correct Inaccuracies in the sysindexes Table

with DBCC UPDATEUSAGE 162

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3.13 How to… View Space Usage with sp_spaceused 163

3.14 How to… Shrink Data and Log Files in a Database with DBCC

SHRINKDATABASE 164

3.15 How to… Shrink Data Files in a Database using Enterprise Manager 165

3.16 How to… Shrink a Specific Data Or Log File using DBCC SHRINKFILE 167

Filegroups 170

3.17 How to… Add a User-Defined Filegroup 171

3.18 How to… Make a User-Defined Filegroup the Default Filegroup 172

3.19 How to… Make a Filegroup Read-Only 174

3.20 How to… Place a Table into a Filegroup 174

3.21 How to… Change a Filegroup for an Existing Table 177

3.22 How to… Change a Filegroup for an Existing Index 178

3.23 How to… Remove a Filegroup 179

3.24 How to… Create Database Objects using Enterprise Manager 180

Chapter 4: SQL Server Agent and SQL Logs 197

4.1 How to… Configure SQL Server Agent Properties 198

4.2 How to… Use xp_cmdshell 202

4.3 How to… Set up the Proxy Account 203

4.4 How to… Add Alerts 206

Checklist… Recommended Alerts – What to Monitor 208

4.5 How to… Add Operators 210

4.6 How to… Add and Configure Jobs 211

4.7 How to… Create Job Categories 215

Configuring SQL Mail and SQLAgentMail 216

4.8 How to… Troubleshoot SQL Mail and SQLAgentMail 217

4.9 How to… Configure SQL Mail for a Valid POP3 Server 218

4.10 How to… Use Alternative E-Mail Solutions 218

4.11 How to… Use xp_sendmail 219

4.12 How to… Process Incoming E-Mails with SQL Mail Procedures 221

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4.13 How to… Configure Multi-Server Administration 222

4.14 How to… Configure the Master Server 223

4.15 How to… Set up Target Servers 223

4.16 How to… Create a Multi Server Job 223

4.17 How to… View Multi-Server Job History 225

4.18 How to… Defect a Target Server 225

4.19 How to… Script Jobs, Operators, and Alerts 226

4.20 How to… Transfer Jobs using DTS 227

4.21 How to… Delete or Re-Assign Jobs Belonging to a Specified Login

using sp_manage_jobs_by_login 228

4.22 How to… Purge Job History Rows with sp_purge_jobhistory 228

4.23 How to… Start and Stop a Job with Transact-SQL Stored

Procedures sp_start_job and sp_stop_job 229

4.24 How to… View and Interpret SQL Server Agent Error Logs 230

4.25 How to… Change the Name or Location of the SQL Server Agent

Error Log 231

SQL Server Agent Stored Procedures 231

SQL Server Error Log 234

4.26 How to… Read the SQL Server Error Log 234

4.27 How to… Setting the Number of SQL Server Error Logs to Keep 235

4.28 How to… Start up a New SQL Server Error Log without Restarting

the SQL Server Service 235

4.29 How to… Change the Logging Status of an Error Message with

sp_altermessage 236

4.30 How to… Log a User-Defined Message with xp_logevent 238

Chapter 5: Transactions, Locking, Blocking, and Deadlocking 241

Understanding Transactions 241

5.1 How to… Use a Transaction Mark 248

Best Practices for using Transactions 249

5.2 How to… Display the Oldest Active Transaction with DBCC OPENTRAN 249

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5.3 How to… Use SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL 251

5.4 How to… Use SET CURSOR_CLOSE_ON_COMMIT 252

5.5 How to… Use SET REMOTE_PROC_TRANSACTIONS 253

Lock Types, Compatibility, Isolation Levels, and Hints 254

5.6 How to… View Locking Activity in Enterprise Manager 262

5.7 How to… Use sp_who 263

5.8 How to… Use DBCC INPUTBUFFER and DBCC OUTPUTBUFFER 265

5.9 How to… Use fn_get_sql 266

5.10 How to… Use SET LOCK_TIMEOUT 266

Blocking and Deadlocking Defined 267

Why Blocking and Deadlocking Happen 268

5.11 How to… Identify and Resolve Blocking 268

5.12 How to… Identify Deadlocks with Trace Flag 1204 271

5.13 How to… Enable Trace Flags at SQL Server Startup 273

5.14 How to… SET DEADLOCK_PRIORITY 274

5.15 How to… Capture Deadlock Activity using SQL Profiler 275

Troubleshooting Blocking and Deadlocking Problems 281

Chapter 6: Backup, Recovery, and Maintenance 285

Creating a Backup and Recovery Plan 285

Checklist... When Problems Occur… 286

Checklist... If You Have to Rebuild Your Server... 286

Database Backup Methods 287

Understanding the Transaction Log 291

Checkpoints 292

6.1 How to… Perform Full, Differential, File, Filegroup, and Transaction

Log Backups with Enterprise Manager 293

6.2 How to… Create a Named Backup Device 296

6.3 How to… Perform a Full Database Backup with Transact-SQL 298

6.4 How to… Perform a Transaction Log Backup using Transact-SQL 301

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6.5 How to... Perform a Differential Backup using Transact-SQL 303

6.6 How to... Backup Individual Files or Filegroups using Transact-SQL 303

Checklist... Backup Reminders 304

6.7 How to… Restore a Database using Enterprise Manager 305

6.8 How to… Use RESTORE FILELISTONLY 309

6.9 How to… Use RESTORE HEADERONLY 310

6.10 How to… Use RESTORE LABELONLY 312

6.11 How to… Restore a Database from a Full Backup using Transact-SQL 313

6.12 How to… Restore a Database from a Differential Backup using

Transact-SQL 316

6.13 How to… Restore a Database from a Transaction Log Backup using

Transact-SQL 317

6.14 How to… Restore a File or Filegroup 320

6.15 How to… Do a PARTIAL Restore to a New Database 320

6.16 How to… Recover from File Loss or Database Corruption 321

Corrupted Binary Files 323

6.17 How to… Reset a Suspect Database with sp_resetstatus 324

6.18 How to… Rebuild the Registry 326

6.19 How to… Start SQL Server in Single-User Mode 326

6.20 How to… Set Up a Database Maintenance Plan 326

6.21 How to… Investigate Maintenance Plan Failures 336

6.22 How to… Use the xp_sqlmaint or SQLMaint Utility 337

6.23 How to… Check Consistency of the Disk Space Allocation

Structures with DBCC CHECKALLOC 340

6.24 How to… Check System Table Consistency with DBCC

CHECKCATALOG 344

6.25 How to… Check Table Integrity with DBCC CHECKCONSTRAINTS 344

6.26 How to… Check Allocation and Structural Integrity of All Database

Objects with DBCC CHECKDB 347

6.27 How to… Check data, index, text, ntext, and image Pages for

Tables or Indexed Views Using DBCC CHECKTABLE 350

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6.28 How to… Check Allocation and Structural Integrity of All Tables in

a Filegroup using DBCC CHECKFILEGROUP 352

6.29 How to… Disable Parallelism in DBCC CHECKDB, DBCC

CHECKFILEGROUP, and DBCC CHECKTABLE 354

6.30 How to… Output DBCC Data in Tabular Form using WITH

TABLERESULTS 355

Index Fragmentation 356

6.31 How to… Rebuild Indexes with DBCC DBREINDEX 356

6.32 How to… Defragment Indexes with DBCC INDEXDEFRAG 358

6.33 How to… Defragment Heaps 360

6.34 How to… Reclaim Space after Dropping Variable Length or Text

Columns with DBCC CLEANTABLE 361

Chapter 7: Security 363

SQL Server Logins, Users, Roles, and Permissions 364

7.1 How to... Create Logins using Enterprise Manager and Transact-SQL 369

7.2 How to... Remove a SQL Server Login using Enterprise Manager or

Transact-SQL 373

7.3 How to... Change the Default Database for a Login with

sp_defaultdb 373

7.4 How to... Change the Default Login Language using

sp_defaultlanguage 374

7.5 How to... List Defunct NT Users or Groups with Access to SQL Server 374

7.6 How to... Change or Add a Password in Enterprise Manager or

Transact-SQL 375

7.7 How to... Create Database Users in Enterprise Manager or

Transact-SQL 376

7.8 How to... Remove a User From the Database 377

7.9 How to... Create and Manage User-Defined Database Roles 379

7.10 How to... Display User-Defined or Fixed Database Roles in the

Current Database using sp_helprole 382

7.11 How to... Display Members of a Specific Database Role using

sp_helprolemember 383

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7.12 How to... Create, Manage, and Drop Application Roles 384

7.13 How to... Show Users and Roles with Access to the Current

Database using sp_helpuser 386

7.14 How to... Display Account Permissions and Permission Path using

xp_logininfo 387

7.15 How to... Deny SQL Server Access to a Windows NT User or Group

using sp_denylogin 388

7.16 How to... Return a List of Fixed Server Roles with sp_helpsrvrole 388

7.17 How to... Display Permissions for Fixed Server Roles with

sp_srvrolepermission 389

7.18 How to... List Members of a Fixed Server Role using

sp_helpsrvrolemember 390

7.19 How to... Return a List of Fixed Database Roles with

sp_helpdbfixedrole 391

7.20 How to... Display Fixed Database Role Permissions 392

SQL Server Permission Types 392

7.21 How to... GRANT, REVOKE, or DENY Statement and Object Permissions 394

7.22 How to... Report User Permissions and Statement Permissions

using sp_helprotect 402

7.23 How to... Audit Security with SQL Profiler 406

7.24 How to... Audit Logins at the OS Level 411

7.25 How to... Monitor Updates with Triggers 412

Chapter 8: Replication 419

Replication Topology 420

Replication Types 421

Replication Configuration Methods 426

Data Type Considerations 426

SQL Server Version Compatibility 427

Pre-Replication Checklist 428

8.1 How to… Configure Snapshot Replication 429

8.2 How to… Create a Transactional Replication Publication 440

8.3 How to… Create a Merge Replication Publication 448

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8.4 How to… Push a Subscription 456

8.5 How to… Create a Pull Subscription 460

8.6 How to… Transform Data Within Your Publication 464

8.7 How to… Use Dynamic Filters and Dynamic Snapshots for a Merge

Publication 468

8.8 How to… Use Windows Synchronization Manager 476

8.9 How to… Configure Publication Properties 481

8.10 How to… Use Interactive Conflict Resolvers 491

8.11 How to… View Merge Replication Conflicts using Enterprise Manager 494

8.12 How to… Configure an Attachable Subscription Database 495

8.13 How to… Validate Replicated Data 497

8.14 How to… Launch Replication Wizards from Enterprise Manager 501

8.15 How to… Create and Manage Publications in Enterprise Manager 502

8.16 How to… Generate a Transact-SQL Script of Your Publication

and Subscribers 502

8.17 How to… Configure Topology Roles from Enterprise Manager 504

8.18 How to… Configure Agent Profiles 507

8.19 How to… Disable Publishing and Distribution on Your Server 512

Replication System Tables 513

8.20 How to… Find Help Troubleshooting Replication Problems 517

Chapter 9: Linked Servers 521

Checklist: Functionality and Performance Considerations for Linked Servers 521

9.1 How to... Add a Linked Server 522

9.2 How to... Execute Distributed Queries with a Linked Server 534

9.3 How to... Execute Ad Hoc Distributed Queries using OPENROWSET

and OPENDATASOURCE 536

9.4 How to... List All Tables from a Linked Server using sp_tables_ex 538

9.5 How to... Show Privilege Information about a Linked Server Table

with sp_table_privileges_ex 539

9.6 How to... Display Column Data for a Linked Server Table using

sp_columns_ex 540

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9.7 How to… Return Column Privileges for a Linked Server Table using

sp_column_privileges_ex 541

9.8 How to... List Linked Servers Defined on Your Local Server 542

9.9 How to… Troubleshoot Linked Servers and Distributed Queries 543

Chapter 10: Failover Clustering 549

Cluster Meta Data 553

Cluster Administrator 553

Pre-Installation Checklist for SQL Server Failover Clustering 554

10.1 How to… Install a SQL Server 2000 Virtual Server 555

10.2 How to… Install a Service Pack for a SQL Server 2000 Virtual Server 557

10.3 How to… Implement Post-Installation Steps 558

Adding Additional Disk Resources 559

Other Post-Installation Configurations to Monitor 559

10.4 How to… Troubleshoot a Failed SQL Server Virtual Server 560

10.5 How to… Uninstall a SQL Server 2000 Virtual Server 560

Chapter 11: DTS 563

11.1 How to... Use DTS Designer 564

11.2 How to... Add and Configure a Connection Object 565

11.3 How to... Add a New Task 568

11.4 How to... Configure the File Transfer Protocol Task 568

11.5 How to... Configure the ActiveX Script Task 570

11.6 How to... Configure the Transform Data Task 572

Configuring the Execute Process Task 587

11.7 How to... Configure the Execute SQL Task 588

11.8 How to... Configure the Data Driven Query Task 589

11.9 How to... Configure the Copy SQL Server Objects Task 594

11.10 How to... Configure the Send Mail Task 595

11.11 How to... Configure the Bulk Insert Task 596

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11.12 How to... Configure the Execute Package Task 597

11.13 How to... Configure the Message Queue Task 598

11.14 How to... Configure Transfer Tasks 602

11.15 How to... Configure the Dynamic Properties Task 604

Configuring Workflow 606

Understanding the DTS Package Execution Context 609

11.16 How to… Configure Package Properties 611

11.17 How to… Set the Package Owner and User Password 613

11.18 How to… Schedule a DTS Package 614

11.19 How to… Use dtsrun 616

11.20 How to… Generate a dtsrun String Dynamically via dtsrunui 619

11.21 How to… Register a Custom Task 620

11.22 How to… Transfer DTS Packages between Servers 621

11.23 How to… Troubleshoot DTS Packages 622

Chapter 12: Log Shipping 625

The Log Shipping Process 625

Checklist… Log Shipping Pre-Configuration Recommendations and

Best Practices 627

12.1 How to… Set up Log Shipping with the Database Maintenance

Plan Wizard 628

12.2 How to… Monitor Log Shipping Status 634

12.3 How to… Configure Log Shipping Properties 636

12.4 How to… Create a Primary Role Change for the Secondary Server 637

12.5 How to… Troubleshoot Log Shipping 640

Chapter 13: Other Utilities 645

13.1 How to… Use osql 645

13.2 How to… Use Query Analyzer Templates 651

13.3 How to… Use the Query Analyzer Object Browser 654

13.4 How to… Use the Query Analyzer Keyboard Shortcuts 657

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13.5 How to… Use SQLDIAG 659

13.6 How to… Check the Port Number of a Named Instance using the

Server Network Utility 661

13.7 How to… Create a Client-Side Alias using the Client Network Utility 662

13.8 How to… Configure Full-Text Indexing 663

13.9 How to… Use Full-Text Index Stored Procedures 668

13.10 How to… Query a Full-Text Index 672

13.11 How to… Create Custom Messages 677

Chapter 14: DDL 681

14.1 How to… Create a Table 681

14.2 How to… Create a Table with a Primary Key 684

14.3 How to… Create a Unique Constraint 686

14.4 How to… Create a Computed Column 686

14.5 How to… Place a Table on a Filegroup 688

14.6 How to… Place Text or Images on a Separate Filegroup 688

14.7 How to… Create a Table with a Foreign Key Reference 689

14.8 How to... Set Recursive Foreign Key References 690

14.9 How to... Create a Cascading Change with ON DELETE 691

14.10 How to... Create a Cascading Change with ON UPDATE 691

14.11 How to… Use CHECK Constraints 692

14.12 How to… Use the DEFAULT Property During Table Creation 693

14.13 How to… Use the IDENTITY Property During Table Creation 694

14.14 How to… Use DBCC CHECKIDENT to View and Correct IDENTITY

Seed Values 697

14.15 How to… Use ROWGUIDCOL 698

14.16 How to… Specify Column Collation 699

14.17 How to… Add a Column to an Existing Table 699

14.18 How to… Drop a Column and Constraints from a Table 700

14.19 How to… Change a Column Definition 700

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14.20 How to… Remove the ROWGUIDCOL Property 701

14.21 How to… Add a Primary Key Constraint to an Existing Table 702

14.22 How to… Add a Foreign Key Constraint to an Existing Table 702

14.23 How to… Add a DEFAULT Constraint to an Existing Table 703

14.24 How to… Add a CHECK Constraint to an Existing Table 703

14.25 How to… Add a UNIQUE Constraint to an Existing Table 704

14.26 How to… Disable and Enable Constraints 704

14.27 How to… Drop a Table 704

14.28 How to… Create a Temporary Table 705

14.29 How to… Create a Table Variable 706

14.30 How to… Set Table Options with sp_tableoption 706

14.31 How to… Display Constraint Information for a Table Using

sp_helpconstraint 707

14.32 How to… Use DBCC PINTABLE to Place a Table's Data Pages

Into Memory 708

Performance Impact of Constraints 709

Views, Updateable Views, Indexed Views, Partitioned Views 709

14.33 How to… Create a View 712

14.34 How to… Create an Indexed View 713

14.35 How to… Create a Partitioned View 715

14.36 How to… Change a View 717

14.37 How to… Drop a View 718

14.38 How to… Refresh Meta Data for a Specific View 718

Stored Procedures 718

14.39 How to… Create Stored Procedures 719

14.40 How to… Modify Stored Procedures 721

14.41 How to… Drop Stored Procedures 722

14.42 How to… Run Stored Procedures at Startup 722

14.43 How to… Force a Stored Procedure to Recompile 722

14.44 How to… Print the Text of the Stored Procedure 723

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14.45 How to… Force a Flush of the Procedure Cache 723

14.46 How to… Add an Extended Stored Procedure 724

14.47 How to… Show the Name of the DLL Associated with an Extended

Stored Procedure 724

14.48 How to… Unload the Extended Stored Procedure DLL from Memory 725

14.49 How to… Remove an Extended Stored Procedure 725

User-Defined Functions 725

14.50 How to… Create Scalar User-Defined Functions 727

14.51 How to… Create Inline User-Defined Functions 728

14.52 How to… Create Multistatement User-Defined Functions 729

14.53 How to… Modify User-Defined Functions 731

14.54 How to… Drop User-Defined Functions 731

Indexes 731

14.55 How to… Create an Index 733

14.56 How to… Drop an Index 735

14.57 How to… Display Indexes Defined for a Table 736

Triggers 736

14.58 How to… Create a Trigger 737

14.59 How to… Alter a Trigger 740

14.60 How to… Drop a Trigger 740

14.61 How to… Monitor the Nesting Level within a Trigger 740

14.62 How to… Specify the Firing Order of AFTER Triggers 741

14.63 How to… List Triggers for Table 741

14.64 How to… Enable and Disable Table Triggers 742

Working with Database Objects 743

14.65 How to… Change the Name of a User-Created Database Object 743

14.66 How to… Display Information About a Database Object 744

14.67 How to… Display Information on Database Object Dependencies 745

14.68 How to… Change an Object Owner 746

14.69 How to… Query the Meta Data of Database Objects 746

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Chapter 15: DML 749

15.1 How to… Use a Simple SELECT Statement 749

15.2 How to… Use DISTINCT to Remove Duplicate Values 751

15.3 How to… Use Column Aliases 753

15.4 How to… Use the TOP Keyword 754

15.5 How to… Use the WITH TIES Clause to Return Repeating Values in

the TOP Clause 754

15.6 How to… Create a Table using INTO 755

15.7 How to… Use the FROM Clause 757

15.8 How to… Use Table JOINs 757

15.9 How to… Use Table Aliases and Self Joins 763

15.10 How to… Use Derived Tables 764

15.11 How to… Use the WHERE Clause to Specify Rows Returned in the

Result Set 765

15.12 How to… Use the GROUP BY Clause 772

15.13 How to… Use the HAVING Clause 775

15.14 How to… Use the ORDER BY Clause 776

15.15 How to… Use Subqueries 778

15.16 How to… Use UNION to Combine Result Sets 780

15.17 How to… Use COMPUTE in a SELECT Statement 782

15.18 How to… Use the FOR Clause 783

15.19 How to… Use the INSERT Statement 784

15.20 How to… Use the UPDATE Statement 786

15.21 How to… Use the DELETE Statement 788

15.22 How to… TRUNCATE a TABLE 788

15.23 How to… Use Hints 789

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Chapter 16: Transact-SQL Techniques 793

16.1 How to… Use Aggregate Functions 793

16.2 How to… Use String Functions 800

16.3 How to… Use Date Functions 811

16.4 How to… Use Display Information with @@ Functions 814

16.5 How to… Use Mathematical Functions 818

16.6 How to… Use Security functions 825

16.7 How to… Use Meta Data Functions 827

16.8 How to… Use System Functions 830

16.9 How to… Use IMAGE, TEXT, and NTEXT Functions 836

16.10 How to… Use Information Schema Views 840

Normalization in a Nutshell 841

16.11 How to… Use CASE 844

BEGIN and END 845

16.12 How to… Use IF…ELSE 846

16.13 How to… Use WHILE, BREAK, and CONTINUE 847

16.14 How to… Use RETURN 849

16.15 How to... Use RAISERROR 850

Transact-SQL Cursors 852

16.16 How to… Create and use Transact- SQL Cursors 852

16.17 How to… Create Extended Properties 857

16.18 How to… Create a Script that Creates a Script 861

16.19 How to… Use sp_executesql 861

16.20 How to… Use String Concatenation 862

Batches 863

16.21 How to… Use EXEC 863

16.22 How to… Bind a Connection to Other Transactions using

sp_bindsession and sp_getbindtoken 864

16.23 How to… Use COM Automation sp_oa Procedures 865

16.24 How to… Remove All Clean Buffers from the Buffer Pool 870

16.25 How to… Use WAITFOR 870

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Chapter 17: Performance Tuning 873

17.1 How to… Use System Monitor to Identify Hardware Bottlenecks 873

Query Tuning Best Practices 886

17.2 How To… Use SQL Profiler to Capture Activity 887

17.3 How to… Script a Server-Side Profiler Trace 894

17.4 How to… Use SHOWPLAN_ALL, SHOWPLAN_TEXT 904

17.5 How to… Use Graphical Showplan 906

17.6 How to… Use SET STATISTICS IO 912

17.7 How to… Use SET STATISTICS TIME 912

17.8 How to… Use SET STATISTICS PROFILE 913

17.9 How to… Use Query Analyzer's Server Trace and Client Statistics 915

Checklist: Index Best Practices 916

17.10 How to… Display fragmentation using DBCC SHOWCONTIG 920

17.11 How to… Use the Index Tuning Wizard 922

17.12 How to… Use CREATE STATISTICS 925

17.13 How to… Display Columns with Statistics with sp_helpstats 926

17.14 How to… Show Current Distribution Statistics for a Table DBCC

SHOW_STATISTICS 927

17.15 How to… Update Statistics against all User-Defined Tables using

sp_updatestats 928

Chapter 18: XML 931

XML 931

The Anatomy of an XML Document 932

18.1 How to… Use FOR XML 935

18.2 How to… Use sp_makewebtask to Output XML Documents 939

18.3 How to… Use OPENXML 940

Index 945

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PrefaceOver the last five years, I have got into the habit of carrying around what I call "The Green Folder". This

folder contains useful Transact-SQL tricks, rare error code definitions, complicated syntax examples, bugreports, and things I just cannot seem to remember without looking them up first.

My fellow SQL Server database administrators and developers soon found out about the folder, and asked mefor copies of the contents. Some co-workers complained when I threw away articles that I no longer thought I

needed, as they wanted to see if it was something they too should learn or commit to memory.

One day it occurred to me that "The Green Folder" would be much more useful if I migrated it to a reference

manual format, organized by topic and question.

As SQL Server professionals we require continuous learning and hands-on experience in order to remain

effective in our jobs. We must continually refine our craft by learning new technologies, as well as keeping afirm grasp on core administration and development topics. No one will be impressed if we are experts in

using DTS or XML, but cannot remember how to rebuild an index or add a new login.

I have written this book with the following goals in mind:

� To provide succinct answers to SQL Server 2000 database administration and development

questions –for both new and experienced DBAs.

� To provide intuitive and concise syntax examples.

� To review basic and advanced SQL Server topics, covering the "critical inch" of each subject.

My hope is that this book will be a helpful day-to-day reference, letting you revisit the bits of SQL Serverabout which you need to jog your memory, and showing you new SQL Server concepts, technologies, and

best practices.

Joseph Sack

Introduction

Welcome to SQL Server 2000 Fast Answers for DBAs and Developers.

In this book, we have assumed that you have a basic working knowledge of relational databases; that you know what you need to do as a DBA or a developer, but you want to know how to do it with SQL Server 2000.

To follow the text of the book, you'll need:

❏ Sysadmin rights to a PC running Windows, on which you can install SQL Server 2000

❏ A copy of SQL Server 2000 Personal, Standard, Developer or Enterprise Edition

❏ A database account with DBA rights

Some chapters need extra, or more specific, hardware (for example, Chapters 9, 10, and 12) or more than one database (for example, Chapters 8 and 11), but the requirements in each chapter are made clear.

The complete source code from the book is available for download at http://www.apress.com.

Conventions To help you understand what's going on, and in order to maintain consistency, we've used a number of conventions throughout the book:

These boxes hold key information.

Reminders and background information are presented like this.

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Syntax definitions are shown like this:

CREATE TABLE <database_name.owner.table_name> ( <column_name_1> <datatype_for_column_1> nullability, <column_name_N> <datatype_for_column_N> nullability)

Examples are introduced with headings like this:

Example 14.1.1: Creating a table and example code is shown like this:

In our code examples, the code foreground style shows new, important, and pertinent code. Code background shows code that's less important in the present context, or code that has been seen before.

The first time a key word or concept is discussed, or defined, it will be typed in bold, for example, nullability.

Words that appear on the screen in menus like the File or Window menu are in a similar font to what you see on screen. URLs are also displayed in this font.

In the book text, we use a fixed-width font when we talk about databases, fields, values, and other objects that may appear in code; for example, the Customer table and the Customer_id field. The same font is used for files, for example, query.sql. Keystrokes are shown like this: Ctrl-I.

Customer Support We value feedback from our readers, and we want to know what you think about this book: what you liked, what you didn't like, and what you think we can do better next time. You can send us your comments by e-mailing support@apress.com. Please be sure to mention the book's ISBN and title in your message.

Errata We have made every effort to make sure that there are no errors in the text or in the code. However, no one is perfect and mistakes do occur. If you find an error in this book, like a spelling mistake or a faulty piece of code, we would be very grateful to hear about it. By sending in errata, you may save another reader hours of frustration, and of course, you will be helping us provide even higher quality information. To find known errata and submit new errata, simply go to the appropriate book page on the Apress website at http://www.apress.com.

forums.apress.com For author and peer discussion, join the Apress discussion groups. If you post a query to our forums, you can be confident that many Apress authors, editors, and industry experts are examining it. At forums.apress.com you will find a number of different lists that will help you, not only while you read this book, but also as you develop your own applications.

To sign up for the Apress forums, go to forums.apress.com and select the New User link.

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