Spurge Spotted

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Spurge, Spotted(ProstrateSpurge)

[Chamaesyce mac ulata (L.) Small]

DESCRIPTION

Spotted spurge is a summer annual with ataproot; it has an open and prostrate mat-forming growth habit. It branches freely fromthe base. The reddish or green prostratestems form a mat-like growth which oftenchokes out desirable turfgrasses. When thestems are broken they emit a milky juice. Theleaves are opposite and vary in color from a pale reddish-green to a dark green but usually have aconspicuous maroon blotch. The leaves are smooth or sparsely hairy, toothed especially near the tip and

unequally sided at the base with a short petiole. Flowers are very small, pinkish-white, inconspicuous,and borne in the leaf axils. Spotted spurge may flower within three to four weeks after emerging in mid-summer. The fruit, a three-lobed capsule, develops rapidly. Spurge is often found in fields, gardens, turfand waste areas.

Characteristic DescriptionGrowth Season summer annual weedGrowth Habit prostrate, spreadingLeaflet Number oneLeaf Margin serrated/toothed; leaf must be closely examined to see serrated edgesLeaf Hairs hairs not common, but are sometimes presentLeaf/Leaflet Shape oval/egg-shaped/elliptical; note the purple splotch in the middle of

some leaves

Leaf Width


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Note: Still not sure this is the right weed?The Turf & Weed Identification Decision Aidmay help. Checkthe TurfFilesglossaryfor definitions of unfamiliar terms.

CULTURAL CONTROL

Prostrate spurge can survive close mowing because of its prostrate growth habit. It forms a mat-like

growth which often chokes out desirable turfgrasses. Maintain a dense, actively growing turf throughproper mowing, fertilizing, and watering practices. Mow at the proper height for your selected adaptedturfgrass. Coring and traffic control reduce compaction and encourage desirable turfgrass competition. Itis best to control this summer annual broadleaf weed in late spring or early summer because it is easierto control at this time and the turf will have a greater chance of recovering the areas previously occupiedby weeds.

CHEMICAL CONTROL

Preemergence herbicides including prodiamine (Barricade) control spotted spurge. Additionally, two,three, or four way broadleaf herbicides as well as metsulfuron (Manor, Blade, etc) and trifloxysulfuron(Monument) offer control of spotted spurge.

Preemergence herbicides:

HerbicideTolerantTurfs

(1)

AverageEfficacyRating

(2)

Range ofTrial

EfficacyValues, %

Numberof

Trials Products(3)

oxadiazon*,** bc, be, bk,

f, r, sa, zE 99 1 Quali-Pro Oxadiazon,

Ronstar

atrazine* be, c, sa, z G-E 0 AAtrex 4L

isoxaben ba, bc, be,bk, c, f, r,sa, z

G-E 0 Gallery 75

prodiamine bc, be, bk,

c, f, r, sa, z

G 0 Barricade, Lesco

Stonewall, Quali-ProProdiamine, RegalKade

dithiopyr ba, bc, be,bk, c, f, r,sa, z

G 0 Dimension, Quali-ProDithiopyr**, VigoroCrabgrass Preventer,Vigoro Dimension

oryzalin ba, be, c, f,sa, z

F-G 0 Quali-Pro Oryzalin,Surflan A.S.

pendimethalin ba, be, bk,c, f, r, sa, z

F-G 0 Pendulum, PRE-M,Scott's Turf Builder WithHalts

metolachlor ba, be, c,sa, z

F 0 Pennant Magnum

Postemergence herb ic ides:


(1)


(2)

Range ofTrial

EfficacyValues, %

Numberof

Trials Products(3)

trifloxysulfuron-sodium be, z E 94 - 100 5 Monument

metsulfuron be, sa, z E 86 - 100 4 Escort**, Manor

metribuzin be E 100 1 Sencor 75 Turf
http://www.turffiles.ncsu.edu/turfid/http://www.turffiles.ncsu.edu/turfid/http://www.turffiles.ncsu.edu/turfid/http://www.turffiles.ncsu.edu/Glossary.aspxhttp://www.turffiles.ncsu.edu/Glossary.aspxhttp://www.turffiles.ncsu.edu/Glossary.aspxhttp://www.turffiles.ncsu.edu/Glossary.aspxhttp://www.turffiles.ncsu.edu/turfid/


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Postemergence herb ic ides:


(1)


(2)

Range ofTrial

EfficacyValues, %

Numberof

Trials Products(3)

glyphosate E 0 Glyphosate Original,Roundup, TouchdownPro**

metribuzin & MSMA*** be G 59 - 99 4 MSMA (various brands) &Sencor 75 Turf

atrazine* be, c, sa, z G 79 - 93 2 AAtrex 4L

dicamba & MCPA &triclopyr

ba, bc, be,bk, f, r, z

G 85 - 93 2 Cool Power, Horsepower

2,4-D & triclopyr* bk, f, r G 0 Chaser

simazine be, c, sa, z F 68 - 83 2 Princep

2,4-D be, bk, f, r,z

F 0 2,4-D amine, SolutionWater Soluble

* For use only by or under the supervision of a certified applicator, or by commercial nursery, turf, andlandscape personnel.** Not for application to residential lawns.*** MSMA will be phased out in 2009.

Footnotes:

(1) Turfgrass Codes:

ba bahiagrassbc bentgrass, creepingbe bermudagrass

bk bluegrass, Kentucky

c centipedegrassf fescue, tall

r ryegrass, perennial

sa St. Augustinegrass

z zoysiagrass

blank No turfgrass in the database is completely tolerant. Check label to see if chemical can beused at a reduced rate or during the dormant season on your turfgrass.

(2) Eff icacy Rat ings:

E excellent control (90 to 100%)G good control (80 to 90%)F fair control (70 to 80%)

Efficacy ratings are based on herbicide trials performed by weed scientists at North Carolina StateUniversity between 1997 and 2007. The number of trials included in the efficacy ratings is displayedin the next-to-last column. The higher this number, the more confidence can be placed in the efficacyvalues. Trials may have involved sequential applications of one or more chemical. Details ofindividual trials (herbicide rates, dates of application, environmental conditions at time of application,etc) can be viewed on the TurfFiles web site, through the Turf Weed Management Decision Aid.

Efficacy ratings for chemicals lacking trial data are from Pest Management Strategic Plan forTurfgrass in the Southern United States, a summary of a workshop for turf experts from multiple
http://www.turffiles.ncsu.edu/turfweedmgmt/http://www.turffiles.ncsu.edu/turfweedmgmt/http://www.turffiles.ncsu.edu/turfweedmgmt/http://www.ipmcenters.org/pmsp/pdf/SouthernTurfgrass.pdf.http://www.ipmcenters.org/pmsp/pdf/SouthernTurfgrass.pdf.http://www.ipmcenters.org/pmsp/pdf/SouthernTurfgrass.pdf.http://www.ipmcenters.org/pmsp/pdf/SouthernTurfgrass.pdf.http://www.ipmcenters.org/pmsp/pdf/SouthernTurfgrass.pdf.http://www.ipmcenters.org/pmsp/pdf/SouthernTurfgrass.pdf.http://www.ipmcenters.org/pmsp/pdf/SouthernTurfgrass.pdf.http://www.turffiles.ncsu.edu/turfweedmgmt/


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universities held in Griffin, GA in October, 2004. The workshop was sponsored by the SouthernRegion Integrated Pest Management Center.

(3) Recommendations of specific chemicals are based upon information on the manufacturer's label andperformance in a limited number of trials. Because environmental conditions and methods ofapplication may vary widely, performance of the chemical will not always conform to the safety andpest control standards indicated by experimental data. The order in which brand names are given isnot an indication of a recommendation or criticism.

Recommendations for the use of agricultural chemicals are included in this publication as aconvenience to the reader. The use of brand names and any mention or listing of commercialproducts or services does not imply endorsement by North Carolina State University or discriminationagainst similar products or services not mentioned. Other brand names may be labeled for use onturfgrasses. Individuals who use agricultural chemicals are responsible for ensuring that the intendeduse complies with current regulations and conforms to the product label. Be sure to obtain currentinformation about usage regulations and examine a current product label before applying anychemical. For assistance, contact your county's Cooperative Extension agent.

Links conta ined in th is document:

Glossary: http://www.turffiles.ncsu.edu/Glossary.aspx

Pest Management Strategic Plan: http://www.ipmcenters.org/pmsp/pdf/SouthernTurfgrass.pdf

Turf & Weed Identification Decision Aid: http://www.turffiles.ncsu.edu/turfid/

Turf Weed Management Decision Aid:http://www.turffiles.ncsu.edu/turfweedmgmt/

North Carolin a State Univers ity. This infor matio n sheet was prepared by Fred Yelverton , Brid get R. Lassit er, Gail G.Wilkerson, Leon Warren, Travis Gannon, Jenifer J. Reynolds, and Gregory S. Buol. Department of Crop Science, Collegeof Agriculture & Life Sciences, North Carolina State University. Prepared April 16, 2008. Available on-line at

www .turf f i les.ncsu.edu. This publ icat ion was m ade possible through a grant prov ided by the Center for TurfgrassEnvironmental Research & Education (CENTERE) whose purpos e is to supp ort worthw hi le projects that wil l benefi t boththe private sector and the publ ic, and protect the environm ent.
http://www.turffiles.ncsu.edu/Glossary.aspxhttp://www.turffiles.ncsu.edu/Glossary.aspxhttp://www.turffiles.ncsu.edu/turfid/http://www.turffiles.ncsu.edu/turfid/http://www.turffiles.ncsu.edu/turfweedmgmt/http://www.turffiles.ncsu.edu/turfweedmgmt/http://www.turffiles.ncsu.edu/turfweedmgmt/http://www.turffiles.ncsu.edu/turfweedmgmt/http://www.turffiles.ncsu.edu/turfid/http://www.turffiles.ncsu.edu/Glossary.aspx

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Spurge Spotted