SPSS07

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2004, 2006, 2008 UIW Department of Instructional Technology

Meat andPotatoes SPSS

Presented by

Terence Peak

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About This Seminar

It is NOT:

A Stats Course or a Stats Demo

A Set of Complex Regressions, ANOVAs, or Least

Square Analyses

It will be:

An overview of SPSS & Basic instructions on how to get

descriptive stats

FUN!

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How Well Proceed

You have been given

An actual UIW survey for

freshmen

A paper copy of this

presentation

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How Well Proceed

Talk about the importance of coding data

correctly

Examine and clean some data

Open SPSS and import the data

Set up variables

Generate some descriptive stats

Manipulate the outputDo a cross-tab

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Facts about Data Entry

Data entry typically given

to least paid employee

Data typically entered

under pressure with notraining for the coder

Data mustbe examined

for coding errors and

validated before analysis

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Establish Coding Scheme

What is the purpose of

the survey?

What kind of questions

are being asked?Are the questions

categorical or

numerical?

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7/412004, 2006, 2008 UIW Department of Instructional Technology

Coding The UIW Freshmen StudentSatisfaction Survey

Examine the survey Questions IA thru IJ

Write above each response a coding value-

number 1-6, do not use 0

Name each variable over the question stem, useno more than 8 Letters

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Use these Variable Names:

A. Age

B. Gender

C. Marital

D. EthnicE. Religion

F. Campus

G. Children

H. Work

I. Enroll

J. Complete

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Coding

Open the Excel Spreadsheet

Sample Data Set

Number the survey sheets

Fill in the case numbers 1-(Without case numbers, you

cannot efficiently clean the

data) by usingthe automatic

numbering feature in Excel

Save your work

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Examining Data for Coding Errors

Excel has a data filtering system that allows easy dataexamination

ClickData

ChooseFilter

Choose Autofilter

Drop-down toggles will appear at the head of eachdata column

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Clickon the Age drop-down arrow

Coding error:Age has five choices, 1 - 5,

Numbers 6 and 34 appear, which are not valid choices

Clickon the number 6

Excel moves to the row (case) that contains the value 6

Examining Data for Coding Errors

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Examine the Data for Coding

Errors

Clickon the number6Excel pops to the row (case) that contains the value 6

This error is from survey number 18. Check survey sheet 18 to

confirm the correct value and re-enter the data

Replace6 with 2

Repeatthe process to correct the other data error

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Resume Data Validation

After correcting all errors, clickon the drop downarrow in the Age column again

The box will again appear with the value range fromthe column entries

ClickAll to restore the entire column

All values should now be within range

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Validate All Data in the Set

Use the drop-down boxes on each column to validate

and correct the data. This will validate all data in the

data set

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What Do You Do

About A Blank Entry?

Blank entries are valid responses

The subject may be expressing dissatisfactionwith the subject area

The subject may not have the experience to beable to answer the question

The subject may have simply missed thequestion for a variety of reasons

SPSS will show the number of omissions, whichmay be a significant trend

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Lets Open SPSS! (WhooHoo!)

Clickon Start

ClickPrograms

ClickSPSS

SPSS takes a while to load because it loadsseveral modules to get ready for your statsneeds

Once loaded, SPSS is quick!

DO NOT Close Excel, instead hold down Alt &Tab keys at the same time to toggle betweenExcel and SPSS

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The Opening Menu

SPSS Defaults to list the last

file accessed

You can

run the tutorial

use the data wizard

look at saved output from last

job

We will clickCancel & start a

new application

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The Data View Screen

This is the SPSS screeninto which data isimported

Note that it looks likeExcel

The columns showvariable names

The row show casesClick on the Variable

View tab

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The Variable View Screen

TypeAge as the name of

your first variable in the

top left cell

HitEnter

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Defining Variables

SPSS defaults to automatic variable values that need

to be adjusted in line with the coding parameters

Clickon Numeric drop down box to look at choices

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Defining Variables

A drop-down box appears to give choices in thevariable definition

ReduceDecimalPlacesto 0

ReduceWidth to 1

ClickOK

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Defining Variables

Width and Decimals have now changed

Clickin Label block and type in Question IA, What is

your age?Clickin Values block

Clickon the Values drop-down box

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Defining Variables

The Values Block,will define the survey question

responses to each variable

Each response will have a value assigned

The response values = data set coding

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Defining Variables

ClickValue

Type 1 for first response option in survey Question #IA

Tab once to Value Label

Type16-19

HitEnter Key

Fill in all other values the same way

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Defining Variables

When youre done, your page should look like this

Save

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Importing Data

Toggle to Excel

SelectA7-K56Copy(CTRL + C) the data

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Importing Data

Put your cursor in upper left corner, under Age

Paste (CTRL+ V) data into SPSS

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Analyzing Data (In terms of Age)

Clickon Analyze

Clickon Descriptive

Statistics

Clickon Frequencies

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Analyzing Data-

Telling SPSS what You Want

Selectthe first variable

Clickon arrow in middle

of box

Age variablelabel will

move into the Variables

box

Clickon Statistics

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Analyzing Data

In Frequencies; StatisticsMenu

Under Central Tendency,clickMean

Under Dispersion, clickStddeviation

ClickContinue

ClickCharts

Mean and StandardDeviation work when Age isa real numerical value, not acategorical value

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Analyzing Data

In the Frequencies:Charts Menu

Under Chart Type,clickBar Charts

Under Chart Values,clickPercentages

ClickContinue

ClickOK. SPSS will now

run the data in itsprocessor and switch tothe Output page.

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Manipulating The Output

Double-clickon the bar

chart

Double-clickon the title,

to change the titleClickon one of the red

bars

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Clickon the crayon in

the tool bar

Clickon the white color

blockClickApply

ClickClose

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Selectthe Format menu

SelectApply Chart

Template

Locate the SPSS Folder

Selectthe chart

template UIW Standard

Bar Chart

ClickOpen

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The chart will change to

the format specified in

the template

You can create charttemplates for different

audiences

Return to the output

page

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Cross tabulations

ClickAnalyze

ClickDescriptive

Statistics

ClickCrosstabs

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Cross tabulations

Set up rows and

columnsby moving

value labelsinto

appropriate boxesAdd row and column

totals

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Cross tabulations Question:Do older single men tend to live on campus?

MoveAge to Row

MoveGender to Columns

MoveOnor off-campusto

LayerUnder Percentageschoose

Row

Age

TotalClickContinue

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Cross tabulations-Output

2 missing cases

Results: No males in 27to 30 age range living on

campus

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Conclusions

Coding is critical before data analysis or get set

for a large measure of frustration

SPSS is fairly intuitive to use

SPSS gives the user flexible choicesSPSS output can be manipulated

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Questions?

Terry Peak 829-3920

Documents

SPSS07