Sprinkler Design Presentation

8/17/2019 Sprinkler Design Presentation

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NFPA 13 – Chapter 21

Alternative Sprinkler System Designs

for Chapters 12 -20

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Why Chapter 21??

• Add a New Chapter

•

Performance-Based Discharge Criteria

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Chapter 21

• General

• Palletized, Solid-Piled, Bin Box, Shelf or

Back-to-Back Shelf Storage of Class I-IV and

Plastic Commodities

• Open-Frame Rack Storage of Class I-IV and

Plastic Commodities

• Hose Stream Allowance and Water Supply

Duration

• Minimum Obstruction Criteria

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Baseline

• Three Categories of Sprinklers

– Control Mode Density/Area (CMDA)

– Control Mode Specific Application (CMSA)

– Early Suppression Fast Response (ESFR)

• Minimum Hydraulic Design Criteria

– Density/Area

–ESFR

• Hose Stream Demand

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The Challenge

• General Rules of Chapters 12-20

• Storage Variables

–

Arrangement – Commodity Classification

– Commodity Mixtures

– Configurations

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Chapter 21

• Method for full-scale fire testing

– Specific Storage Arrangements

– Specific Maximum Ceiling Heights

• Resulting in

– Specific Design Requirements based on performance

– Minimum safety factors

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Intent

• Guidance for planning research for Technical

Committee review and acceptance.

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Alternative Approach

• Specific Data

• Specific Storage Arrangement

• Particular Commodity

• More Flexibility in Design

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General Requirements

• 21.1.1 Sprinklers intended to protect storage

fire risks shall be permitted to be installed

using water supply design criteria that are

different from the design criteria specified for

the sprinklers described in Chapters 12through 20 when specifically listed for such

use within the limitations described in this

chapter.

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• Chapters 12 through 20 apply unless modified

• In-rack protection requirements of Chapters

12 through 20 apply when storage racks are

equipped with solid shelves and in-rack

sprinklers are required per the applicable

chapter.

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• Requirements of the applicable chapter apply

when ceiling-only protection options are not

available in this chapter.

• Design criteria cannot be used to permit a

reduction in the water supply requirements

for in-rack sprinkler protection.

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Large Scale Fire Tests

• Challenging test scenarios

• Range of variables associated with the

intended

• Evaluate the ability of the sprinkler to protect

representative storage fire risks

• Based on the manufacturer’s installation and

design parameter instructions and referenced

in the listing.

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Typical Considerations

• Highest Commodity Classification

• Storage Arrangement Type• Maximum Storage Height

• Sprinkler Spacing

•

Sprinkler Temperature Rating• Ceiling Height

• Clearance to Ceiling

• Sprinkler Distance Below Ceiling

• Minimum Operating Pressure• Aisle Width

• Ignition Location

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Installation & Design Parameters

(1) Commodity or commodities to be protected

(2) Storage arrangements allowed

(3) Installation guidelines including obstruction

and ceiling construction limitations

(4) Maximum ceiling and storage heights with

associated minimum operating pressures and

number of sprinklers required to be included in

the hydraulic calculation

(5) Hose stream allowance and duration

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Number of Sprinklers

• Twelve sprinklers for standard coverage

sprinklers

• Eight sprinklers for extended-coverage

sprinklers based on a spacing of 12ft×12ft

(3.7m×3.7m)

• Six sprinklers for extended-coverage sprinklers

based on a spacing of 14ft×14ft (4.3m×4.3m)

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Minimum Area of Operation

• Based on the proposed sprinkler spacing,

•

Not be less than 768 ft2

(71m2

).

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21.2

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21.2

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21.3

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21.3

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Hose Stream Allowance & Duration

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Sprinkler Type Sprinkler

Spacing Type

Number of

Sprinklers inDesign Area

Hose Stream Allowance

gpm L/min

Water

SupplyDuration

CMDA & CMSA Standard Up to 12

Over 12 to 15

Over 15 to 25

Over 25

250 950

500 1900

500 1900

500 1900

60

90

120

150

CMDA & CMSA Extended

Coverage

Up to 6

Up to 8 (144ft2)

Over 6 to 8

Over 8 to 12

Over 12

250 950

250 950

500 1900

500 1900

500 1900

60

60

90

120

150

ESFR Standard Up to 12

Over 12 to 15

Over 15 to 25

Over 25

250 950

500 1900

500 1900

500 1900

60

90

120

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Comparison of Design Requirements

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Sprinkler Type

Number ofDesign

Sprinklers


gpm L/min

WaterSupply

Duration

CMDA 20 or More 500 1900 120 or More

EC/CMDA 11 or More 500 1900 120 or More

CMSA

15 or More

500 1900

90 or More

ESFR 12 250 950 60

Sprinkler Type Number of

Design

Sprinklers


gpm L/min

Water

Supply

Duration

CMSA & ESFR 12 250 950 60

EC-CMSA

(3.7m x 3.7m)

8 250 950 60

EC-CMSA

(4.3m x 4.3m)

6 250 950 60

Chapters 12 through 19

Chapter 21


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EC-CMSA

• Nominal K-Factor – 25.2 (360)

• Commodity Storage

– Palletized, Solid pile and Open Rack Storage

– Commodities of up to Cartoned, Expanded

Group A Plastics

• Maximum Storage Height

• Coverage Areas

– 12ft x 12ft (3.7m x 3.7m)

– 14ft x 14ft (4.3m x 4.3m)

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Minimum Obstruction Criteria

• Based on the number of sprinklers included in

the design.

• Correlates to requirements for

CMDA/CMSA/EC/ESFR

• Number of sprinklers in the design area

impacts the obstruction requirements

• Options

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Thank You!

• National Fire Sprinkler Association

• www.nfsa.org

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http://www.nfsa.org/http://www.nfsa.org/

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Sprinkler Design Presentation