Spray nozzles, coverage and weed control CWSS 2012ucanr.edu/sites/Weed_Management/files/138744.pdfSpray nozzle design directly affects: •spray droplet size •spray drift potential

Effects of Spray Coverage and Nozzle Selection

on Weed Control2012 CWSS Conference

Santa Barbara, CA

January 24, 2012

Kurt HembreeFarm Advisor, UCCE, Fresno County

http://cefresno.ucdavis.eduKurt Hembree, UCCE, Fresno County – Jan 24, 2012

• Correct weed ID (susceptibility)?

• Sprayer functioning properly?

• Appropriate rate?

• Environmental conditions conducive?

• Spray nozzles, volume, and coverage?

• Spray additives?

• Weed stage?

• Treatment area disturbed?

• Applicator attitude?

Areas related to spraying weeds that can lead to treatment failure:

Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Fresno County – Jan 24, 2012

Spray nozzle design directly affects:• spray droplet size• spray drift potential• uniformity and coverage

Which impacts:• weed control• economics• environmental quality

What role do spray nozzles play?


Fine droplets (~175 µm) Medium droplets (~250 µm)

XR8002 at 40 psi XR8004 at 40 psi


VF F M

C VC XC

Spray droplet distribution (15 GPA)


Can we use drift-reducing nozzles (larger droplets) and still get acceptable

weed control when using contact-type herbicides?


QUESTION?

Drift-reducing nozzles:Extended Range design (XR)<20% 200 µm; most are F-M

Chamber design (Turbo)<6% 200 µm; most are M-VC

Venturi II design (Air assisted)<3% 200 µm; most are VC-XC

Venturi I design (Turbo Induction)<1% 200 µm; XC


Spray

nozzle GPA

# Drops/

sq inch

% Area

covered

Flat Fan 20 239 58.1

Turbo Teejet 20 280 28.5

Turbo Twinjet 20 227 35.9

Air Induction 20 163 28.4

Flat Fan 32 345 60.3

Turbo Teejet 32 380 51.8

Turbo Twinjet 32 380 61.1

Air Induction 32 182 41.8


Hanson, Moretti, Abit; UC Davis 2011

Paraquat (15 GPA)

Paraquat (35 GPA)

Willowherb in grapes(Spray volume trial 2008)


Herbicide: Rely 200 at 5 pt/acre Volume: 26 gpaNozzles: XR, TTJ, AI Speed: 4 mphPressure: 30 psi Weeds: up to 16”tall

Spray nozzle trial in almonds (2008)


Spray nozzle type Horseweed

Hairy

fleabane Sowthistle Barnyardgrass

XR11004 (M) 9.7 a 9.4 b 9.9 a 9.3 a

TTJ60-11004 (C) 9.8 a 9.9 a 10 a 9.5 a

AI11004 (XC) 7.5 b 5.0 c 9.6 b 5.0 b

CV (%) 1.46 1.05 0.50 1.37

LSD 0.37 0.26 0.12 0.81

Weed control rating (28 DAT)


28 DAT

XR11004 TTJ60-11004

AI11004Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Fresno County – Jan 24, 2012

TTJ60-11004

AI11004

XR11004

25 GPAParaquat(15 DAT)


AI11002 & 0413 & 26 GPA

Rely 280 @ 3.5 & 5 pt/A

XR11002 & 0413 & 26 GPA

Rely 280 @ 3.5 & 5 pt/A

TTJ11002 & 0413 & 26 GPA

Rely 280 @ 3.5 & 5 pt/A

Treated 5/24/10 - prickly lettuce, horseweed, cereals, field bindweed

Spray nozzle trial on fallow ground (WSREC - 2010)


Field bindweed control by herbicide rate

Rely 280 9 DAT 25 DAT 44 DAT 63 DAT

3.5 pt/A 9.7 9.4 8.9 7.3

5 pt/A 9.8 9.3 9.0 7.8

CV (%)LSD

1.21n.s.

3.31n.s.

6.67n.s.

24.83n.s.

Field bindweed control by spray volume

Rely 280 9 DAT 25 DAT 44 DAT 63 DAT

13 GPA 9.6 b 9.1 b 8.4 b 7.0

26 GPA 9.8 a 9.6 a 9.5 a 8.1

CV (%)LSD

1.380.28

5.091.00

12.242.3

36.64n.s.

Weed control ratings


Field bindweed control by nozzle type, volume, and droplet size

Nozzle; volume; droplet size 9 DAT 25 DAT 44 DAT 63 DAT

1. XR11002; 13 gpa; F 9.7 b 9.6 ab 9.5 a 7.6

2. XR11004; 26 gpa; M 9.9 a 9.8 a 9.7 a 8.0

3. TTJ60-11002; 13 gpa; M 9.9 a 9.7 ab 9.6 a 7.5

4. TTJ60-11004; 26 gpa; C 9.9 a 9.8 a 9.7 a 7.9

5..AI11002; 13 gpa; VC 9.4 c 8.0 c 6.2 c 6.0

6. AI11004; 26 gpa; XC 9.6 b 9.3 b 8.0 b 6.8

CV (%) LSD

1.210.18

3.310.46

6.670.89

24.83n.s.

Weed control ratings


XR1100426 GPA

Rely 280 3.5 pt/A



TTJ60-1100426 GPA

Rely 280 3.5 pt/A

AI1100426 GPA

Rely 280 3.5 pt/A



Treat

Nozzle

type GPA

% control

8 DAT

% control

18 DAT

1 Unt --- 0.0 e 0.0 e

2 FF8002 20 95.3 a-d 94.8 abc

3 TTJ11002 20 96.0 bcd 94.5 abc

4 TT11002 20 95.0 bcd 97.3 a

5 AI11002 20 93.3 d 89.0 cd

6 FF8004 40 96.5 ab 95.5 ab

7 TTJ11004 40 95.0 bcd 94.8 abc

8 TT11004 40 97.8 a 90.5 bcd

9 AI11004 40 93.5 cd 88.0 d

Hanson, Moretti, Abit, UC Davis 2011


Hairy fleabane control with glufosinate (Yolo County - 2011)

20 GPA

AITT

TTJFF


40 GPA

AITT

TTJFF

Treated: 5/12/11

Herbicide: Rely 280 at 3.5 pt/A + AMS

Trial design: RCB, 3 reps

Plot size: 6.7 ft wide and 300’ long (1 vine row)

Spray nozzles: XR, TT, AIXR (11004 tips)

Boom: Gator with 2-nozzle swivel body

Volume: 34.5 gpa at 30 psi and 3 mph

Weeds: lambsquarters (up to 10”), hairy fleabane (up to 8”), prostrate pigweed (up to 10” wide), annual sowthistle (up to 7”)

Spray nozzle trial in grapes (WSREC - 2011)


Nozzletype

Dropletsize GPA

Lambs-quarters

Hairyfleabane

Prostratepigweed

Annualsowthistle

1. XR11004 M 34.5 8.3 a 9.8 a 9.9 9.8 a

2. TT11004 C 34.5 8.2 ab 9.7 a 9.9 9.8 a

3. AIXR11004 VC 34.5 7.8 b 9.4 b 9.8 9.5 b

CV (%)LSD

1.430.40

0.350.11

1.22n.s.

0.690.22



TT11004

AIXR11004

XR11004


Spray nozzle trial in grapes (KAC - 2011)

Treated: 3/15/11

Herbicide: Rely 280 at 3.5 pt/A +AMS

Trial design: RCB, 3 reps

Plot size: 6.7 ft wide and 270’ long (1 vine row)

Spray nozzles: XR, TT, TTJ, AIXR, AI (11004 tips)

Boom: Randall sprayer with 2-nozzle swivel body

Volume: 52 gpa at 30 psi and 2 mph

Weeds: grasses (up to 12”), chickweed (up to 12”), prickly lettuce (up to 6”), horseweed (up to 4”), dandelion (in flower)


Extended Range (XR) Turbo TeeJet (TT)

Air Induction (AI) Air Induction Extended Range (AIXR)


XR TT TTJ AIXR AI

Spray card deposition (at soil level)


Nozzletype

Dropletsize GPA Grasses Chickweed

Pricklylettuce Horseweed Dandelion

1. XR M 52 8.6 8.5 8.9 8.9 8.9

2. TT C 52 8.6 8.3 9.0 9.0 8.8

3. TTJ C 52 8.7 8.8 8.9 8.7 8.6

4. AIXR VC 52 8.3 8.3 8.7 8.7 8.6

5. AI XC 52 8.0 8.2 8.5 8.5 8.4

CV (%)

LSD

3.79

n.s.

5.19

n.s.

2.59

n.s.

3.22

n.s.

2.92

n.s.




Nozzletype



1. XR M 52 9.7 9.8 9.8 9.7 9.7

2. TT C 52 9.6 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.7

3. TTJ C 52 9.7 9.9 9.8 9.8 9.6

4. AIXR VC 52 9.6 9.8 9.7 9.7 9.5

5. AI XC 52 9.5 9.8 9.4 9.6 9.5

CV (%)

LSD

1.15

n.s.

0.81

n.s.

2.04

n.s.

1.16

n.s.

2.67

n.s.



Nozzletype



1. XR M 52 9.5 9.9 9.8 9.8 9.7

2. TT C 52 9.5 9.9 9.8 9.8 9.7

3. TTJ C 52 9.6 9.9 9.8 9.7 9.7

4. AIXR VC 52 9.4 9.8 9.8 9.7 9.6

5. AI XC 52 9.4 9.8 9.7 9.7 9.5

CV (%)

LSD

1.68

n.s.

0.90

n.s.

0.53

n.s.

1.25

n.s.

1.05

n.s.


14 DAT

XR TT TTJ

AIXR AIXR


Kurt Hembree, UCCE, Fresno County – Oct 20, 2011

XR TT

TTJ AI

AIXR

28 DAT


• Although the number of spray droplets per inch2 and % cover increased with an increase in a spray volume of 20 to 40 gpa, it did not necessarily result in significantly better weed control.

• Turbo and turbo twinJet nozzles provided similar weed control to XR flat fans, with the added benefit of drift reduction.

• Air induction nozzles gave less coverage and generally less weed control than XR or turbo nozzles. A higher volume (30-50 gpa?) and smaller weeds may help compensate for the larger size in droplets.

• Drift-reducing nozzles can play an important role in postemergent weed control efforts, even where contact-type herbicides are used.


What did we learn?


Questions?

THANK YOU!!


http://cefresno.ucdavis.edu

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Documents

Spray nozzles, coverage and weed control CWSS 2012ucanr.edu/sites/Weed_Management/files/138744.pdfSpray nozzle design directly affects: •spray droplet size •spray drift potential