Spoto & Grasso. Spatially resolved mass spectrometry in the study of art and archaeological objects

8/2/2019 Spoto & Grasso. Spatially resolved mass spectrometry in the study of art and archaeological objects.

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S}kwokbb yeshbpeg dkss

s}ecwyhdewy ol wae swug h` kyw klgkycakehbhfockb hijecwsFouse}}e S}hwh" Fouse}}e Fykssh

S}kwokbb yeshbpeg dkss s}ecwyhdewy !DS/ os k voges}yekg wecalo{ue olcyeksolfb useg ol dkl kyeks h` yesekyca, H}eykwolf ol k

`ksw" swykofaw`hyvkyg vk vowa dolodkb skd}be gkdkfe" DS olpeswofkwohl ckl }yhpoge s}kwokbb yeshbpeg ol`hydkwohl vowa bhv

bodows h` gewecwohl klg k voge boleky yklfe, @hy waese yekshls" s}kwokbb yeshbpeg DS os k}}boeg ol wae swug h` kyw klg kycakeh$

bhfockb hijecws" klg wae cuyyelw yepoev }yhpoges k suype h` yebepklw }uibockwohls, Ve aofabofaw wae dkol ck}kiobowoes klg wae

bodowkwohls h` s}kwokbb yeshbpeg DS klg goscuss wae dhsw yebepklw k}}bockwohls, 9=;; Ebsepoey Bwg, Kbb yofaws yeseypeg,

Nevhygs: Kycakehdewy> Kwdhs}aeyoc }yessuye DKBGO> Iyhlze> Chlseypkwohl scoelce> Fbkss> Bksey geshy}wohl(ohlozkwohl> DKBGO> Dkss

s}ecwyhdewy> ]ofdelw> Sechlgky ohl dkss s}ecwyhdewy

;, Olwyhgucwohl

Klkbwockb caedoswy }bks kl od}hywklw

yhbe ol wae swug h` kyw klg kycakehbhfockb

dkweyokbs" vaoca aks k pkyoew h` kods,

Vael kywo`kcws kye swugoeg" ol kggowohl wh

kggyessolf {ueswohls h` kuwaelwocow" hwaey

ossues kye kbsh olpeswofkweg !e,f," waewecalhbhf useg wh }yhguce waed" waeoy

goswyoiuwohl `yhd wae }yhgucwohl kyeks"

klg ulgeyswklgolf wae use wh vaoca wae

veye }uw ol wae }ksw/, I olwey}yewolf suca

ol`hydkwohl" ow os }hssoibe wh ulgeyswklg

iewwey wae ieakpohy h` klcoelw }eh}be,

Bhlf$weyd swhykfe h`wel welgs wh hiscuye

caedockb ol`hydkwohl wakw chlwyoiuwes wh

wae kihpe$delwohleg kods, Ow os waus

od}hywklw wh ulgeyswklg" kw wae gee}esw

}hssoibe bepeb" kbb wae }yhcesses h` kbwey$

kwohl wakw olweypele ol wae bo e ccbe h`

klcoelw hijecws,

Kl od}hywklw ossue wh ie kggyesseg

vael pkbukibe }oeces h` kyw hy kycakeh$

bhfockb yedkols kye caedockbb klkbzeg os

ahv wae olwefyow h` wae hijecw os k`ècweg

i wae klkbwockb }yhceguye kgh}weg,

Klkbwockb wecalo{ues kye ogekbb eq}ecweg

wh kphog kl caedockb klg }asockb kbwey$

kwohl h` wae hijecw, @hy waese yekshls"

klkbwockb wecalo{ues kibe wh }ey`hyd wae

klkbsos goyecwb hl wae hijecw dkne ow

ullecessky wh wkne skd}bes klg chde

cbhse wh kyw cuykwhys eq}ecwkwohls, Ol wae

}ksw" ol hygey wh lg k ikbklce iewveel kyw

cuykwhys eq}ecwkwohls klg wae ye{uoye$

delws h` scoelwoc dewahgs" ow vks leces$

sky:

!;/ wh bhckwe wae hijecw ol wae klkbzolf

cakdieys h` wae klkbwockb olswyu$

delw> hy" kbweylkwopeb"!9/ wh scyk}e wol `ykfdelws h` skd}bes

`yhd ows suy`kce,

Ul`hywulkweb" ieckuse kyw hy kycakeh$

bhfockb hijecws akpe wh ie sdkbb wh w

vowaol wae cakdieys h` chddhl klkbwo$

ckb olswyudelws" wae geswyucwope k}}yhkca

h wel yedkols wae bksw yeshyw `hy wae

eqwykcwohl h` klkbwockb ol`hydkwohl `yhd

kywoswoc klg(hy kycakehbhfockb skd}bes,

K bkyfe ludiey h` lev klkbwockb

dewahghbhfoes wakw iewwey skwos` wae

ye{uoyedelw `hy docyh$geswyucwopeless hy

lhl$geswyucwopeless h` wae skd}be wh ie

klkbzeg aks ieel gepebh}eg ol yecelw

ekys ^;T, Ol }kywocubky" ihwa dkss s}ec$

wyhdewy !DS/ klg lhl$DS s}kwokbb ye$

shbpeg klkbwockb wecalo{ues }yhpoge lev

h}}hywulowoes `hy wae docyh$geswyucwope

swug h` skd}bes h` kywoswoc hy kycakeh$

bhfockb od}hywklce ^90T, Ol waos chlweqw"

ed}aksos sahubg ie fopel wh wae lev

}hssoiobowoes h`èyeg i Q$yk uhyescelce

!QY@/$ikseg wecalo{ues wakw kbbhv wae 3G

goswyoiuwohl h` go èyelw ebedelws ol k

Fouse}}e S}hwh*

Go}kywodelwh go Scoelze

Caodocae" Ulopeysowkm go

Ckwklok" Pokbe Klgyek Ghyok 0"

?5;95" Ckwklok" Owkb

Oswowuwh Iohswyuwwuye e

Iohoddkfolo" CLY" Pokbe K,

Ghyok 0" Ckwklok" Owkb

Fouse}}e Fykssh

Go}kywodelwh go Scoelze

Caodocae" Ulopeysowkm go

Ckwklok" Pokbe Klgyek Ghyok 0"

?5;95" Ckwklok" Owkb

*Chyyes}hlgolf kuwahy,

]yeselw kggyess: Go}kywodelwh

go Scoelze Caodocae"

Ulopeysowkm go Ckwklok" Pokbe

Klgyek Ghyok 0" ?5;95"

Ckwklok" Owkb,

Web,: .3? =?5 6315;7;>

`kq: .3? =?5 51=;3;>

E$dkob: fs}hwhMulocw,ow

Wyelgs Wyelgs ol Klkbwockb Caedoswy" Phb, 3=" Lh, 0" 9=;;

150 =;05$??30(' $ see `yhlw dkwwey 9=;; Ebsepoey Bwg, Kbb yofaws yeseypeg, gho:;=,;=;0(j,wykc,9=;;,=;,=;0
mailto:[email protected]://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2011.01.016http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2011.01.016mailto:[email protected]


2/8

skd}be wh ie olpeswofkweg vowa s}kwokb yeshbuwohl ol wae

yklfe ;=7= bd ^6T, Suca dewahgs akpe ieel useg wh

odkfe wae 3G swyucwuye h` aoggel }kolw bkeys, Dhyehpey"

wae chdioleg use h` s}kwokbb yeshbpeg }hywkibe QY@

s}ecwyhsch} klg Q$yk kishy}wohl aks kbbhveg wae

kswhlosaolf sùdkwh wecalo{ue useg i Behlkygh Gk

Polco ol wae Dhlk Bosk }kolwolf wh ie goscbhseg ^1T,Ahvepey" s}kwokbb yeshbpeg DS h`èys sod}be skd}be

}ye}kykwohl klg k ck}kiobow `hy docyh$geswyucwope klkb$

sos, Vowa dolodkb skd}be }ye}kykwohl klg gkdkfe" DS

ckl ie useg wh olpeswofkwe iohdhbecubky" hyfkloc hy

olhyfkloc chd}hlelws h` vhyns h` kyw hy kycakehbhfockb

yedkols" }yhpogolf s}kwokbb yeshbpeg ol`hydkwohl ol k

yk}og dklley, Olgeeg" wae gkwk sews chlwkol ol`hydkwohl

hl wae goswyoiuwohl h` caedockb s}ecoes" vaoca os kl

kgpklwkfe ol weyds h` wode ye{uoyeg chd}kyeg wh

dewahgs wakw ye{uoye se}kykwe wkffolf hy swkololf `hy

epey s}ecoes h` olweyesw ^?T,

Olhyfkloc DS dewahgs kye h`wel dhye selsowope wakl

QY@ ol gewecwolf wykce chd}hlelws" vaobe Ykdkldocyhsch} klg @huyoey wykls hyd$ol`ykyeg !@W$OY/ doc$

yhs}ecwyhsch} chd}ewe vowa s}kwokbb yeshbpeg DS ol wae

swug h` chd}beq hyfkloc dkwyoces vael lfey}yolw

s}ecwyk h` wae chd}hlelws kye kpkobkibe, Wae kiobow h`

DS wh }yhpoge ol`hydkwohl useùb `hy wae goyecw ogelwo$

ckwohl h` ulnlhvl chd}hulgs os chulweyikbklceg i

wae yeguceg s}kwokb yeshbuwohl" vowa vaoca dhsw h` wae

DS dewahgs kye kibe wh h}eykwe" chd}kyeg wh docyh$

Ykdkl klg docyh$@W$OY s}ecwyhsch}oes,

@hy wae yekshls huwboleg kihpe" sepeykb swugoes `hcus$

olf hl wae k}}bockwohl h` go`èyelw s}kwokbb yeshbpeg DS

dewahgs wh wae swug h` vhyns h` kyw klg kycakehbhfockbyedkols akpe yecelwb ieel }yhguceg" klg ve kwwed}w wh

hyfkloze klg wh goscuss wae yesubws kcaoepeg sh `ky,

9, S}kwokbb yeshbpeg dewahgs

Wae s}kwokb yeshbuwohl h` kl klkbwockb wecalo{ue geles

wae kiobow wh eqwykcw klg wh se}kykwe klkbwockb ol`hydk$

wohl `yhd go` eyelw yefohls h` k skd}be, Dhsw h` wae s}kwokbb

yeshbpeg klkbwockb wecalo{ues k}}boeg ol wae swug h`

vhyns h` kyw klg kycakehbhfockb yedkols olphbpe }yhiolf

wae skd}be i eq}hsolf ow wh k uq h` }kywocbes !}ahwhls"

ebecwyhls" ohls" leuwykbs/ klg sodubwklehusb deksuyolf

wae eleyf goswyoiuwohl h` k s}ecoc cbkss h` }kywocbes

edowweg hy sckwweyeg ^;=";;T, Ekca s}kwokbb yeshbpeg

klkbwockb wecalo{ue h}eykwes vowa k s}ecoc bkweykb yesh$

buwohl, Dhyehpey" ge}wa yeshbuwohl os kbsh useg ol hygey wh

cakykcweyoze wae peywockb }ey`hydklce h` suy`kce$selsowope

klkbwockb wecalo{ues klg ow os geleg i wae goswklce

iewveel wae 17% klg ;0% bepebs h` wae ge}wa }yhbe wae

9y bodows h` wae Fkussokl goswyoiuwohl h` wae gewecweg soflkb

kw wae bkeys olwey kce h` k sebecweg ebedelw hy chd}hulg

sklgvocaeg iewveel wvh go` eyelwb chd}hseg bkeys

^;9T, Ol wae ckse h` bksey$ikseg wecalo{ues" wae ge}wa h`

}elewykwohl h` wae olcogelw ykgokwohl" geleg ks wae ol$

peyse h` wae kishy}wohl che`coelw" aks wh ie chlsogeyeg,

Bkweykb yeshbuwohl os sodobkyb geleg `hy ihwa suy`kce$

selsowope klg lhl$suy`kce$selsowope klkbwockb wecalo{ues

klg yeèys wh waeoy kiobow wh }yhpoge olge}elgelw soflkbs

`yhd go`èyelw kyeks h` wae shbog skd}be, Wae dolodud

goswklce h` wvh kyeks hl wae skd}be suy`kce feleykwolf ksoflkb bepeb h` ;0% klg 17% hy" ulgey dhye swyolfelw

chlgowohls" k soflkb ykwoh h` ;=7" os useg wh {uklwo` wae

bkweykb yeshbuwohl h` DS klkbwockb wecalo{ues ^;9T, S}k$

wokbb yeshbpeg klkbwockb wecalo{ues dhswb h}eykwe vowa k

w}ockb bkweykb yeshbuwohl ol wae yklfe h` docyhls ^9T, Wae

lhpeb" useùb ks}ecw h` s}kwokb yeshbuwohl os wh odkfe wae

goswyoiuwohl h` ebedelws hy chd}hulgs kcyhss k skd}be

suy`kce, Wae goyecw klkbsos h` docyhsch}oc kyeks h` k vhyn

h` kyw dk ie kcchd}bosaeg i bkweykb yeshbuwohl" waeyei

kbbhvolf wae eqwykcwohl h` k voge yklfe h` pkbukibe klk$

bwockb ol`hydkwohl wakw ckl ie chyyebkweg vowa kl odkfe,

K sdkbb bkweykb yeshbuwohl kbsh dknes }hssoibe wae klkbsos

h` wol `ykfdelws h` skd}bes scyk}eg `yhd wae hijecw hòlweyesw vowa dolodkb gkdkfe wh wae kywo`kcw owseb`,

Wae kiobow wh yeshbpe klkbwockb gkwk s}kwokbb os dhswb

useg wh chbbecw ol`hydkwohl `yhd k s}ecoc yefohl h` wae

skd}be vowaol kl kyek usukbb ol wae yklfe welwas wh

aulgyegs h`bd9, Ol waos ckse" bhckbozeg klkbsos vowa k

bkweykb yeshbuwohl wakw os k goyecw chlse{uelce h` wae

kiobow wh `hcus wae olcogelw klg(hy wae edowweg iekd h`

bofawey }kywocbes os hiwkoleg,

3, Yhbe h` DS ol swugolf vhyns h` kyw klg

kycakehbhfockb yedkols

Klkbwockb wecalo{ues useg `hy wae swug h` dkweyokbs hy

hijecws h` kywoswoc hy kycakehbhfockb od}hywklce kye eq$

}ecweg wh }yhpoge k vekbwa h` ol`hydkwohl hl:

!;/ wae caedockb chd}hsowohl hy lkwuye h` wae dkweyokb

ulgey swug>

!9/ wae swkwe h` kbweykwohl h` wae hijecws ckuseg i wae

bhlf$weyd eq}hsuye wh wae elpoyhldelw> klg"

!3/ wae e`ècws h` yeswhykwohl }yhceguyes,

Kbb wae kihpe ol`hydkwohl dusw ie eqwykcweg `yhd

skd}bes wakw kye k chd}beq doqwuye h` go`èyelw caedockb

chd}hulgs, Klcoelw kywo`kcws veye dklu`kcwuyeg i

dklo}ubkwolf lkwuykb }yhgucws wakw veye h`wel k doqwuye

h` ihwa hyfkloc klg olhyfkloc chd}hulgs, Wae }yhcesses

h` caklfe wakw olweypele ol wae boè ccbe h` wae kywo`kcws

chlwyoiuwe wh olcyeksolf ùywaey waeoy caedockb chd$

}beqow, Ol waos scelkyoh" wae fyekw }hwelwokb h` DS wh

ogelwo caedockb s}ecoes }yeselw ol chd}beq doqwuyes

aks ieel vogeb useg ol wae swug h` vhyns h` kyw klg

kycakehbhfockb yedkols,

Olhyfkloc DS aks ieel }kywocubkyb useùb `hy caedockb

lfey}yolwolf" ks }yhpelklce h` kycakehbhfockb dkweyokbs

os h`wel olèyyeg i epkbukwolf yesubws `yhd wykce$ebedelw

klkbsos hy `yhd {uklwowkwope geweydolkwohl h` wae yebkwope

Wyelgs ol Klkbwockb Caedoswy" Phb, 3=" Lh, 0" 9=;; Wyelgs

aww}:((vvv,ebsepoey,chd(bhckwe(wykc 156
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2011.01.016http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2011.01.016http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2011.01.016http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2011.01.016


3/8

kdhulws h` sebecweg oshwh}es ^;3T, Olhyfkloc DS aks kbsh

ieel k}}boeg wh ogelwo` }ofdelws ol }kolws hy wae dkol

chlswowuelws h` fbkss klg ceykdoc hijecws" elkdebs klg

fbkzes ^;7T, Ahvepey" hyfkloc DS aks ieel vogeb useg wh

gekb vowa k pkyoew h` go`èyelw }yhibeds chlceylolf wae

ogelwockwohl h` hyfkloc klg iohdhbecubky chd}hulgs

chlswowuwolf kywoswoc" aoswhyoc klg kycakehbhfockb hijecws^;5T, Wae hyfkloc ykv dkweyokbs useg ol ihwa wykgowohlkb

kyw klg kycakehbhfockb chlweqws kye" `hy wae dhsw }kyw"

lkwuykb }yhgucws" klg" aelce" chd}hseg h` chd}beq doq$

wuyes h` olhyfkloc" hyfkloc klg iohdhbecubky chd}hlelws

^;0T, Dhyehpey" wae olwelwohlkb doqolf h` hyfkloc iolgeys

klg }ofdelws guyolf wae }ye}kykwohl h` }kolwolf dkweyokbs

hy ye}ekweg use h` kycakehbhfockb chhnolf pessebs wh }ye$

}kye k yklfe h` go`èyelw `hhgswu``s kye wvh eqkd}bes h`

audkl kcwopowoes wakw olwyhguce ùywaey chd}beqow olwh

wae caedockb chd}hsowohl h` wae ykv dkweyokbs,

@uywaey olcyekses ol wae chd}beqow h` chd}hsowohl

geyope `yhd wae wykls`hydkwohl h` wae hyofolkb lkwuykb

dkweyokbs feleykweg i wae gefykgkwohl }yhcesses hccuy$yolf wayhufa dkweyokb use klg elpoyhldelwkb eq}hsuye

ê,f," }yhweoc dkweyokbs useg ol wykgowohlkb wed}eyk

}kolwolf kye suijecw wh chlgelskwohl klg cyhss$bolnolf

yekcwohls vowa hwaey chd}hlelws !e,f," bo}ogs/T, Wae

ul}kykbbebeg ck}kcow h` DS wh yepekb ol`hydkwohl useùb

`hy ogelwoòlf wae hyfkloc chd}hlelws h` kywoswoc" aoswhyoc

klg kycakehbhfockb hijecws vowa ùywaey }hssoiobowoes `hy

waeoy gewecwohl klg {uklwockwohl kw wykce bepebs ol chd$

}beq dkwyoces geyopes `yhd wae kiobow wh chu}be cayh$

dkwhfyk}aoc wecalo{ues wh dkss s}ecwyhdeweys" waeyei

kbbhvolf se}kykwohl h` wae olgopogukb dhbecubky s}ecoes

vowa hl$bole DS klkbsos h` wae ebuwolf chd}hlelws ^;6T,K sodobky k}}yhkca vks kgh}weg wh {uklwo` wae chd$

}hulg$s}ecoc ckyihl !g;3C/ klg agyhfel !gG/ oshwh}e$

ykwoh pkbues `yhd `kww$kcog yesogues goschpeyeg hl }hws$

aeygs `yhd Nkzknaswkl klg kwwyoiuweg wh wae Elehbowaoc

Ihwko Cubwuye !kihuw 35== ICE/ ^;1T, Wae swug }yhpogeg

wae ekyboesw epogelce h` ahyse ghdeswockwohl ol klwo{uow,

Ol shde ckses" kl olweygosco}bolky k}}yhkca os lec$

essky o` go`èyelw chd}hlelws h` }yecohus skd}bes akpe

wh ie ogelwoeg, @hy eqkd}be" ol hygey wh kssess wae

chd}hlelws h` klcoelw chsdewocs klg wh hiwkol iewwey

ulgeyswklgolf h` waeoy }ye}kykwohl" chd}bedelwky DS

wecalo{ues veye eq}bhoweg !e,f," }yhbsos FC$DS klg

hwaey klkbwockb k}}yhkcaes/ ^;?T, Ow vks waeye`hye }hs$

soibe wh ogelwo` go`èyelw }ye}kykwohl }yhceguyes h` wvh

Yhdkl esa$chbhyeg dkne$u}s wakw veye }yeseypeg hl

wae suy`kce h` k Yhdkl iyhlze chsdewoc whhb klg ol k

fbkss ulfuelwkyoud,

Hyfkloc DS os kbsh vogeb k}}boeg `hy yeswhykwohl hy

chlseypkwohl }uy}hses, Vael swugolf }kolw bkeys ol

kywvhyns" wae olpeswofkwohl h` waeoy chd}beq hyfkloc$

caedockb chd}hsowohl kods wh ogelwo ihwa hyofolkb

chlswowuelw dkweyokbs klg wahse chd}hlelws `hydeg ks k

chlse{uelce h` kfolf, Suca swug os h` fyekw od}hywklce

wh sebecw wae dhsw k}}yh}yokwe chlseypkwope swykwef,

Ol waos chlweqw" FC$DS aks ieel sahvl wh ogelwo`

bo}ogs" vkqes" }yhweols" klg yesolhus dkweyokbs useg ol

cyekwolf }kolweg vhyns, Ol }kywocubky" wae }hwelwokb h`$

èyeg i FC$DS vael chdioleg vowa }yh}ey caedockb

}yhceguyes vks gedhlswykweg usolf =,9=,?$df skd}bes

scyk}eg `yhd:

!;/ wae }kolweg aubb h` k sao}vyecn gkweg wh wae bkwe;6==s(ekyb ;1==s>

!9/ kl Owkbokl }kolwolf hl cklpks }yhguceg iewveel

bkwe ;0==s klg ekyb ;6==s> klg"

!3/ k }kolweg Ewyuyokl skych}akfus ^9=T,

Caklfes ol wae caedockb chd}hsowohl h` }kolwolfs ckl

kbsh hccuy ol duseud elpoyhldelws, Wed}eyk }kolws

su`èy `yhd kbweykwohls dhswb olphbpolf wae pkylosa bkey

klg wae iolgolf degoud, Cahbesweyhb$hqogkwohl }yhgucws

!CH]s/ akpe ieel sahvl wh yesubw `yhd bofaw$kfeolf h`

eff$iolgolf degok klg waeoy }yeselce vks }yh}hseg ks k

dkyney h` bofaw$olguceg gefykgkwohl h` wae iolgolf

degoud ^9;T, Goyecw$wed}eykwuye$yeshbpeg DS !GWDS/

klkbses h` skd}bes wknel `yhd }kolweg Feydkl ikyh{uekbwkys klg `yhd wae Yeg hl Dkyhhl duykb }kolwolf swhyeg

kw Wkwe Dhgeyl Bhlghl akpe chlydeg wae }yeselce h`

CH]s,

7, S}kwokbb yeshbpeg DS

Ol wae eqkd}bes goscusseg kihpe" wae DS$ikseg klkbses

ye{uoyeg `ykfdelws h` shbog skd}bes !w}ockbb ;;= df/

wh ie wknel `yhd wae hijecw wh ie olpeswofkweg, Ahvepey"

ol yecelw ekys" DS wecalo{ues wakw use s}kwokbb yeshbpeg

ohlozkwohl shuyces akpe ieel k}}boeg `hy wae docyh$geswyucwope swug h` kywoswoc klg kycakehbhfockb hijecws,

Sechlgky ohl !SO/ DS uses ohl iekds ol hygey wh fel$

eykwe cakyfeg s}ecoes `yhd wae skd}be suy`kce vaobe bksey

geshy}wohl ohlozkwohl !BGO/ klg bksey kibkwohl !BK/

dewahgs yeb hl wae use h` }ahwhls feleykweg i bksey

shuyces, Wae bkweykb yeshbuwohl ol waese dewahgs os od$

}yhpeg i `hcusolf wae olchdolf }yodky iekd, Wkibe ;

sahvs wae w}ockb bkweykb yeshbuwohl klg ge}wa h` }ele$

wykwohl `hy wae s}kwokbb yeshbpeg wecalo{ues useg ol wae

swug h` kyw klg kycakehbhfockb hijecws goscusseg ol waos

yepoev vowa hwaey ol`hydkwohl yebkweg wh wae geswyucwop$

ow h` wae dewahg klg wae Q_Z wyklsbkwohl bodow, Wae

bkwwey ol`hydkwohl os od}hywklw ol hygey wh epkbukwe wae

phbude h` wae 3G hijecws wakw ckl ie klkbzeg i usolf

ekca h` wae goscusseg s}kwokbb yeshbpeg wecalo{ue,

7,;, S}kwokbb yeshbpeg SODS

Ohl s}uwweyolf os wae }asockb }yhcess ulgeybolf SODS

gewecwohl, Ow yeboes hl k cksckge h` kwhdoc chbbosohls

feleykweg vael eleyfewoc ohls aow wae suy`kce h` wae shbog

wkyfew, Wae eleyf ge}hsoweg i wae ihdikygolf ohls os

}kywokbb yeecweg ikcn wh wae suy`kce wayhufa wkyfew


151 aww}:((vvv,ebsepoey,chd(bhckwe(wykc


4/8

kwhds dhiobozeg i wae od}kcw h` olcogelw ohls hy

wayhufa cksckge chbbosohls, Vael wae eleyf h` wae ye$

chobeg kwhds leky wae suy`kce os fyekwey wakl wae iolgolf

eleyf h` wae suy`kce kwhds" waese kye ejecweg olwh wae

pkcuud elpoyhldelw, Wae olweykcwohl phbude h` wae

}yodky olcogelw ohls vowa wae shbog suy`kce ge}elgs

u}hl wae eleyf h` wae }yodky ohl iekd klg wae wkyfewchd}hsowohl" iuw wae s}uwweyeg s}ecoes hyofolkwe `yhd lh

dhye wakl wae ysw wvh kwhdoc bkeys, @hy waos yekshl"

SODS os k pey suy`kce$selsowope klkbwockb wecalo{ue,

SODS" ol }yolco}be" os ck}kibe h` caedockbb klkbzolf

klg odkfolf ihwa olhyfkloc klg hyfkloc chd}hlelws

wakw kye }yeselw kw dkjhy" dolhy hy wykce bepebs ol shbog

skd}bes vowa k bkweykb yeshbuwohl ks sdkbb ks 5= ld ^99T,

Sckllolf ebecwyhl docyhsch}(eleyf gos}eysope Q$yk

uhyescelce s}ecwyhsch} !SED$EGQY@/ ^93T" }kywocbe$

olguceg Q$yk edossohl !]OQE/ ^97T klg bksey$olguceg

iyeknghvl s}ecwyhsch} !BOIS/ ^95T yopkb SODS ol waeoy

s}kwokb yeshbuwohl h` olhyfkloc chd}hlelws h` vhyns h`

kyw klg kycakehbhfockb hijecws, Ahvepey" SODS aks sof$locklwb bhvey bodows h` gewecwohl !BHGs/ !ol wae yklfe

=,=;; ;=? kwhds(cd9/ klg k duca bhvey ge}wa

}elewykwohl, SODS kbsh aks sdkbbey bkweykb yeshbuwohl

chd}kyeg wh docyhBOIS !3;5 bd/ ^90T klg SODS kbbhvs

caedockb odkfes h` wae klkbzeg suy`kce wh ie hiwkoleg

usolf s}ecoc ohl$gewecwohl dhges,

K goswolcwohl os dkge iewveel wae swkwoc !s/ klg g$

lkdoc !g/ SODS h}eykwohlkb yefodes" ekca h` vaoca oebgs

go`èyelw ol`hydkwohl klg klkbwockb èkwuyes, Ol hygey wh

ulgeyswklg wae iksoc go` eyelces iewveel wae wvh ye$

fodes" ve sahubg chlsogey wakw k }yodky ohl uq h`

;=;5

ohls(cd9

(s os su`coelw wh s}uwwey dhye wakl hlekwhdoc bkey(s `yhd wae wkyfew suy`kce, O` wae }yodky

iekd os w}ockbb `hcuseg hpey kl kyek h` wae wkyfew

suy`kce h` kihuw ;=7;=5 bd9 klg wae kc{uosowohl wode

os bhlfey wakl ; s" wael kl klkbsos ckyyoeg huw i usolf

k chlwoluhus }yodky iekd }yhpoges ol`hydkwohl hl k

suy`kce yeleveg chlwoluhusb i wae s}uwweyolf }yhcess,

Sodobky h}eykwolf chlgowohls gele wae gSODS yefode

wakw os useùb `hy swugolf wae ge}wa$}yhbe chd}hsowohl

h` wae skd}be ^96"91T, Vael wae }yodky ohl uq os

gecyekseg wh ;=;;;=;3 ohls(cd9(s" sh wakw hlb sec$

hlgky ohls s}uwweyeg `yhd k `ykcwohl h` kl kwhdoc bkey

kye chbbecweg" wae swkwoc yefode os eswkibosaeg, Ulgey waos

yefode" sSODS h}eykwes ks k suy`kce$s}ecoc klkbwockb

wecalo{ue" solce hlb ol`hydkwohl `yhd wae huwey kwhdoc

bkey h` wae wkyfew os hiwkoleg,

Dkjhy gykvikcns `hy SODS klkbses h` klcoelw hijecws

kye wae ye{uoyeg ubwyk$aofa pkcuud elpoyhldelw !;=?

;=;; whyy/ klg go`cubwoes vowa {uklwockwohl }yhce$

guyes, Dhyehpey" wae olswyudelwkwohl os lhw dhiobe, @hy

BOIS ^95"9?T" chd}kcw e{uo}delw ckl ie useg klg wae

klkbsos ckl ie chlgucweg hl sowe !e,f," wae duseud" wae

chlseypkwohl bkihykwhy" hy epel huwghhys kw kl eqck$

pkwohl sowe/, Lepeywaebess" skd}be ye{uoyedelws `hy SODS

klkbsos kye lhw }kywocubkyb swyolfelw, Kbwahufa skd}be

soze os k soflocklw bodowkwohl" shbog skd}bes kye usukbb

goyecwb klkbzeg vowa lh s}ecokb }yebodolky wyekwdelws,

Skd}bes h` kihuw 9=3= dd ol gokdewey klg lh dhye

wakl 5 dd ol aeofaw kye kbbhveg vowa wykgowohlkb SODS

e{uo}delw" kbwahufa wae skd}be dusw whbeykwe wae SODS

ubwyk$aofa pkcuud elpoyhldelw, Suca k ye{uoyedelw os

}kywocubkyb cyowockb" solce geshy}wohl h` fksehus chd}h$lelws ol wae ubwyk$aofa pkcuud cakdiey ckl k`ècw wae

olwefyow hy wae sak}e h` hyfkloc hijecws !e,f," dkluscyo}w

`ykfdelws hy }kolwolf skd}bes/, K lkb yedkyn chlceyls

skd}be chlgucwopow" ks chlgucwolf skd}bes kye klkbzeg

dhye eksob, Lepeywaebess" suy`kce cakyfolf wakw hccuys

vael lhl$chlgucwolf skd}bes kye klkbzeg ckl shde$

wodes ie }yepelweg i usolf pey bhv }yodky$ohl ghses

hy ebecwyhl$hhgolf }yhceguyes,

Wae suy`kce selsowopow h` sSODS ckl ie k sepeye

}yhibed vael gekbolf vowa vekwaeyeg hy chyyhgeg

dkweyokbs, Caklfe }yhcesses dhgo` wae suy`kce chd}h$

sowohl wh suca k gefyee wakw wae ol`hydkwohl hiwkoleg

dk ie chlsogeyeg ye}yeselwkwope h` hlb wae wh} èvdhlhbkeys h` wae kbweyeg suy`kce, Ahvepey" swugoes

kodeg kw ogelwoòlf vekwaeyolf }yhcesses ol waeoy ekyb

swkfes dk fyekwb ielew `yhd wae use h` waos suy`kce

wecalo{ue, Suy`kce$selsowopow bodowkwohls dk kbsh ie

}kywb hpeychde i usolf wae ge}wa }yhbes wakw gSODS

ckl }yhpoge,

SODS vks ysw useg ol wae swug h` kyw klg kycakeh$

bhfockb hijecws ol wae ;?1=s" klg k ludiey h` k}}bock$

wohls akpe yepekbeg ows }hwelwokb klg bodowkwohls ol wae

swug h` klcoelw dkweyokbs ^3=T, K gewkobeg gescyo}wohl h`

suca swugoes dk ie `hulg ol yepoev kywocbes }uibosaeg ol

wae }ksw èv ekys ^3=39T, Wae voge ebedelwkb yklfewakw ckl ie olpeswofkweg !}hwelwokbb `yhd A wh U/" ows

eqcebbelw BHGs klg wae {uklwowkwope ol`hydkwohl

hiwkolkibe vael usolf SODS kye jusw shde h` wae

kgpklwkfes h` waos wecalo{ue, Wae use h` wode$h`$ofaw

!Wh@/ dkss klkbzeys aks od}yhpeg wae }ey`hydklce h`

SODS ol weyds h` klkbzeg dkss yklfe" suy`kce selsowopow

klg dkss yeshbuwohl, Chu}bolf Wh@ dkss klkbzeys od$

}yhpeg }ey`hydklces" ks wae swkwoc chlgowohls kbbhveg i

wae }ubseg ohl shuyce useg ol Wh@$SODS aks eq}klgeg

wae k}}bockwohl h` SODS wh wae swug h` k pkyoew h` hy$

fkloc" }hbdeyoc klg iohbhfockb dkweyokbs,

Dewkbs klg kbbhs kye" ol }yolco}be" fhhg dkweyokbs `hy

SODS klkbsos, Wae kye ebecwyockbb chlgucwope" ckl

eksob ie aklgbeg sh ks wh hiwkol cbekl" kw klg sdhhwa

suy`kces `hy klkbsos" klg kye kbsh usukbb chd}kwoibe

vowa ubwyk$aofa pkcuuds, Ahvepey" kycakehbhfockb klg(

hy kywoswoc dewkb hijecws gh lhw kbvks }hssess kbb h` waese

}yh}eywoes gue wh gefykgkwohl }yhcesses" vaoca dk

caedockbb dhgo` ihwa wae suy`kce klg wae olweyohy h`

skd}bes, Lhl$chlgucwope }kwolks klg olbwykweg chd$

}hulgs dk h`wel `hyd ks k yesubw h` bhlf iuyokb ol shob hy

eq}hsuye wh wae kwdhs}aeye" klg waese dofaw akpe pey

go`èyelw cakykcweyoswocs chd}kyeg wh wahse hiseypeg `hy

}uye hy kbbheg dewkbs,


aww}:((vvv,ebsepoey,chd(bhckwe(wykc 15?


5/8

Wkibe ;, Suddky h` shde yebepklw cakykcweyoswocs h` wae s}kwokbb yeshbpeg dewahgs goscusseg

BK$OC] docyh BOIS BGO$UP DKBGO$OY DKBGO$UP K]$DKBGO

W}ockb bkweykbyeshbuwohl

53== bd^76T

3;5 bd^90T

9==5== bd ;==3== bd^5;"59T

5=9== bd^5;T

'7== bd^6;T

5=;^96T

W}ockb ge}wah` }elewykwohl

';== ld}ey bksey}ubse^76T

;==5== ld^9?T

5=9== ldk

^5;T;,59,= bd^5;T

5=9== ld^5;T

5=9== ld^5;T

95 ^91

W}ockb Q_Zdhpkibe yklfei

Q_ 4 5 cd>Z 4 9 cd

Q_Z 4 9= cd Q_ 4 9=cdZ 4 =

Q_ 4 9=cdZ 4 =

Q_ 4 9=cdZ 4 =

QZ 4 5= cd>_ 4 3= cdc

Q_ 4Z 4 9

H}eykwolf }yessuye 60= whyyKyfhl fks

60= whyykoy

;=6;=1 whyy ;=6;=1 whyy ;=6;=1 whyy 60= whyykoy

;=?

Yedhpeg dkweyokb 5=5== bf =,=;=,9 bf^95T

K èv wels h`bfh` dkweyokb os skd}beg`yhd wae hijecw wh ieklkbzeg^75T

@dhb }ey }ubsebksey^5=T

Kdhb }ey}ubse bksey^5;T

=,33 ldhbes(dd9

^6;T'}f

K}}bockwohlsh` klkbsos

Wykce$ebedelwklg oshwh}e h`dewkbs" }hwweyklg doleykbs

Ebedelws h`dewkbs" }hwwey"fbkss" swhle" shob"}ofdelws

Hyfkloc klg olhyfkloc}ofdelws klg ges,

Hyfklocchd}hlelwsklg yesogues

Hyfklocchd}hlelwsklg yesogues

Hyfkloc chd}hlelws:}ofdelws" ges"iolgeys" yesols

Fbksklcodewkhiso

k Dhsw h` wae BGO$DS eq}eyodelws veye ckyyoeg huw usolf swklgkyg DKBGO e{uo}delw, @hy waos yekshl" bkweykb klg ge}wa yeshbuwohl sodobky wh DKBGO weyd h` bkweykb yeshbuwohl veye hiwkoleg usolf s}ecockbb gesofleg bksey$docyh}yhie e{uo}delw ^5;T,

i Wae pkbues sahvl yeèy wh swklgkyg chddeycokb e{uo}delw,c Wae ye}hyweg pkbues yeèy wh e{uo}delw s}ecockbb gesofleg `hy wae klkbsos h` kyw hijecws ^6;T,

10=

aww}:((vvv,ebsepoey,

chd(bhckwe(wykc


6/8

Sepeykb dewkb hijecws h` kycakehbhfockb klg kywoswoc

olweyesw akpe ieel swugoeg usolf SODS, Waese olcbuge

iyhlze kywo`kcws ^33"37T" klcoelw sobpey chols ^35T" klg

klwo{ue oyhl dusoc voyes ^30T,

SODS aks ieel `ye{uelwb useg ol wae swug h` wae

geweyohykwohl h` fbkss hijecws ^36T, Fbkss os chddhlb

susce}woibe wh k pkyoew h` yekcwohls wakw k`ècw ows guyk$iobow, Klcoelw fbksses dhsw cbekyb sahv wae chlse$

{uelces h` waeoy yebkwopeb bodoweg yesoswklce wh kwwkcn i

vkwey" kcog klg kbnkbole k{uehus shbuwohls" swekd" hy

kwdhs}aeyoc kfelws, Bhlf eq}hsuye wh caklfe kfelws

vhysels wae chlse{uelces h` gefykgkwohl" vaoca os kbsh

seel wh k`ècw dhgeyl fbksses, Fbkss vekwaeyolf s}eco$

ckbb olphbpes kwwkcn i vkwey chdioleg vowa elpoyhl$

delwkb klg iohbhfockb kfelws, Vkwey chyyhsohl os s}kyneg

h`` i kl ohl$eqcaklfe decaklosd olphbpolf wae kbnkbo

ohls ol wae fbkss klg agyhfel `yhd wae elpoyhldelw,

SODS aks ieel useg wh swug k pkyoew h` klcoelw fbksses

vowa wae kods h` ulgeyswklgolf wae gefykgkwohl }yhcess

^31T" }yhpelklce ^36T klg gkwolf ^3?T,Wae use h` ihwa s}ecwyhsch}oc klg odkfolf SODS ol wae

swug h` }ofdelws klg iolgolf degok useg ol }kolwolfs

akpe sahvl wae }hwelwokb h` SODS wh cakykcweyoze klg wh

odkfe ihwa olhyfkloc klg hyfkloc s}ecoes ^7="7;T, SODS

aks ieel useg wh odkfe }ofdelw goswyoiuwohls ol cyhss

secwohls h` }kolw" waus chlwyoiuwolf wh wae ogelwockwohl h`

wae go` eyelw wecalo{ues useg ol wykgowohlkb }kolwolf

^79"73T, Ol klhwaey swug" ow vks }hssoibe wh eqkdole

pkyokwohls olwae chd}hsowohl h`wae wh} klg wae ihwwhd h`k

}kolw bd" klg wae s}kwokb chyyebkwohl iewveel dewkb klg

`kww$kcog chd}hsowohl ol dewkb$shk} kffyefkwes ^7=T,

7,9, S}kwokbb yeshbpeg BGO$ikseg DS

S}kwokbb yeshbpeg DS klkbsos h` kywoswoc hy kycakehbhf$

ockb hijecws ckl kbsh ie ckyyoeg huw i geshyiolf cakyfeg

s}ecoes `yhd wae skd}be suy`kce vowa k bksey iekd, Wae

svowca `yhd }yodky ohls wh bksey iekds soflocklwb

yeguces wae bkweykb yeshbuwohl" w}ockbb fholf `yhd wae

sui$docyhl yklfe wh wae wels$h`$docyhls yklfe !Wkibe ;/,

Ahvepey" ow os }hssoibe wh chlwyhb wae bksey$iekd gokdewey

klg `hcus ol hygey wh od}yhpe wae s}kwokb yeshbuwohl h`

wae klkbsos, Wae use h` `ky$UP hy OY bksey shuyces

h}eykwolf vowa }ubse guykwohls ol wae ls yklfe aks ieel

sahvl wh ie od}hywklw `hy wae goyecw bksey geshy}wohl h`

cakyfeg hyfkloc s}ecoes vowa dhbecubky veofaws h` kihuw

;9 nGk ^77T, Dhyehpey" wae bhss h` s}kwokb yeshbuwohl

hccuyyolf vael bksey iekds kye useg olswekg h` }yodky

ohls os chulweyikbklceg i wae bess gedklgolf pkcuud

ye{uoyedelws wakw wyklsbkwe olwh elaklceg }hssoiobowoes

`hy wae goyecw klkbsos h` vhyns h` kyw klg kycakehbhfockb

hijecws, @hy waos yekshl" BGO(DS os h`wel k}}boeg ks k

chd}bedelwky klkbwockb whhb `hy use ol wae chlseypk$

wohl bkihykwhy kbhlfsoge hwaey wecalo{ues ~e,f," @huyoey

wykls`hyd ol ykyeg !@WOY/ s}ecwyhsch} klg Ykdkl

docyhsch} ^75Tt, Kl kgpklwkfe h` BGO(DS hpey Ykdkl

docyhsch} os wakw" ol dkl ckses" i usolf ihwa }hsowope

klg lefkwope ohl dhges" BGO(DS }yhpoges selsowope"

s}ecoc ogelwockwohl h` hyfkloc ssweds ikseg sod}b hl

eqkcw dksses h` `ykfdelw ohls klg oshwh}oc }kwweyls,

Wae bksey$geshy}wohl yefode os eswkibosaeg vael k shbog

skd}be os oyykgokweg vowa bksey uelcoes h` =,=;; J(cd9,

Ulgey suca chlgowohls" skd}be pk}hyozkwohl klg }kywokb

ohlozkwohl iefols, Fyekwey bksey uelce ckuses }yh$lhulceg gechd}hsowohl h` wae oyykgokweg suy`kce, Ol

kggowohl" wae gepebh}delw h` bkyfe swyess vkpes gue wh

wae waeydkbb$olguceg eq}klsohl ckl yesubw ol shbog$

dkwyoq gosolwefykwohl klg wae chbbecwope ejecwohl h` bkyfe

dhbecubky cbusweys ^70T, Waos }aelhdelhl" nlhvl ks

bksey kibkwohl" os eq}bhoweg i bksey kibkwohl$olgucwopeb

chu}beg }bksdk !BK$OC]/$DS ol hygey wh }ey`hyd dubwo$

ebedelwkb klg oshwh}oc klkbses h` shbog skd}bes, BK$OC]$

DS os pey suowkibe `hy swugolf kyw klg kycakehbhfockb

hijecws ieckuse ow h`èys wae eqoiobow wh kcaoepe s}kwokbb

yeshbpeg ol`hydkwohl vowa bhv BHGs klg k voge boleky

yklfe vowa dolodkb skd}be gkdkfe, Waos wecalo{ue os

dkolb useg wh hiwkol dubwo$ebedelw ol`hydkwohl kwpkyohus chlcelwykwohl bepebs" fopolf ebedelwkb hy oshwh}oc

lfey}yolws wakw chubg aeb} wh klsvey yebepklw kycake$

hbhfockb {ueswohls" h`wel chlceylolf skd}bes suca ks

chols klg }hwwey, Ahvepey" ks waos wh}oc aks ieel pey

yecelwb yepoeveg ^76T" ve gh lhw goscuss ow ùywaey,

Lhvkgks" wae }hssoiobowoes h`èyeg i goyecw BGO$DS ol

wae swug h` lhl$phbkwobe chd}hulgs dkolwkoleg ulgey

pkcuud kye vebb nlhvl ^71T" klg bodowkwohls ol olpeswo$

fkwolf bkyfe dhbecubes akpe ieel eswkibosaeg, Ahvepey"

shde bodowkwohls su` eyeg i BGO$DS veye coycudpelweg ol

;?16 vowa dkwyoq$kssosweg !DK/BGO$DS ^7?T, Ol DKBGO"

wae klkbwe chd}hulgs kye edieggeg ol k suy}bus h` klhyfkloc chd}hulg !dkwyoq/ wakw os ch$geshyieg u}hl bksey

eqcowkwohl, Waos chd}hulg os cahsel kcchygolf wh wae

klkbwe }yh}eywoes klg wae bksey eleyf ^5=T, Wae dkwyoq

}yhpoges k ludiey h` go`èyelw ùlcwohls" olcbugolf:

!;/ oshbkwolf wae klkbwe dhbecubes klg }yepelwolf waeoy

kffyefkwohl>

!9/ kishy}wohl h` wae bksey eleyf pok ebecwyhloc hy

poiykwohlkb eqcowkwohl !ge}elgolf hl wae bksey el$

eyf/>

!3/ epk}hykwohl h` ulcaklfeg klkbwe dhbecubes> klg"

!7/ e`coelw ohlozkwohl h` klkbwe dhbecubes ^5;"59T,

DKBGO shuyces kye usukbb chu}beg vowa Wh@ dkss

klkbzeys ieckuse h` wae olaeyelwb }ubseg lkwuye h` wae

sahyw wed}hykb !ls/ bksey shuyces, Wae sdkbb s}kwokb goswyo$

iuwohl h` geshyieg ohls ùywaey `kphys wae use h` Wh@

klkbzeys" fopolf aofa dkss yeshbuwohl !D(GD % ;="===/"

aofa dkss kccuykc !k èv }}d/" klg bhv BHGs ^53T,

Ahvepey" yecelwb" sodobky }ey`hydklces akpe ieel kbsh

hiwkoleg i usolf ohl$wyk} dkss klkbzeys ^57T" }yhpogolf

kl eksoey kccess wh DS9 klkbses,

7,3, DKBGO klg kwdhs}aeyoc }yessuye DKBGO

BGO klg DKBGO eq}eyodelws kye w}ockbb chlgucweg kw

wae bhv }yessuyes `hulg ol dhsw ohl shuyces !;=6 Whyy/,


aww}:((vvv,ebsepoey,chd(bhckwe(wykc 10;


7/8

Waos elpoyhldelw os useùb `hy ohl wyklsèy wh wae dkss

klkbzey klg oluelces wae decaklosd i vaoca ohls

kye `hydeg, Ahvepey" DKBGO s}ecwyk kye kbsh hiwkoleg

kw aofaey }yessuyes" olcbugolf kwdhs}aeyoc }yessuye

!K]/, K }yebodolky ye}hyw }uibosaeg ol 9=== ^55T

sahveg wakw K](DKBGO }yhguceg ohl cuyyelws chd$

}kykibe wh wakw ol ebecwyhs}yk !ESO/ i usolf k lowyhfelbksey h}eykwolf vowa k 9=$Az `ye{uelc klg kl eleyf

gelsow h` 9065 dJ(cd9 }ey }ubse, Dhye yecelwb" K](

DKBGO eq}eyodelws usolf OY shuyces akpe kbsh ieel

}ey`hydeg ^50T,

Ol wae }ksw sepeykb ekys" K](DKBGO aks ieel od}be$

delweg vowa k ludiey h` dkss klkbzeys" olcbugolf Wh@

^55T" ohl wyk} ^56T" klg @huyoey$wykls`hyd ohl ccbhwyhl

yeshlklce !@W$OCY/ ^51T" wknolf kgpklwkfe h` }bkcolf wae

K](DKBGO ohl shuyce eqweylkbb wh wae dkss klkbzey,

Suca k chlfuykwohl os }kywocubkyb suowkibe `hy wae

klkbsos h` kywoswoc klg kycaehbhfockb dkweyokb" ks ow

dknes klkbsos h` 3G hijecws eksoey ^5?T,

K](DKBGO klkbses kye ckyyoeg huw ol k dklleysodobky wh wakw `hy chlpelwohlkb DKBGO" vowa k shbog

dkwyoq ch$cyswkbbozeg vowa wae klkbwe, Waos ye{uoyes wae

skd}be wh ie geswyheg hy dhgoeg, Lepeywaebess" K](

DKBGO s}ecwyk ckl" ol shde olswklces" kbsh ie hiwkoleg

sod}b k`wey ge}hsowolf k dkwyoq bkey hl wae skd}be

suy`kce,

Ohls feleykweg i K](DKBGO akpe ieel sahvl wh ie

bess eleyfewoc wakl wahse }yhguceg i DKBGO klg kye

waus suijecw wh soflocklwb bess dewkswkibe geck gue wh

`ksw waeydkbozkwohl h` wae olweylkb eleyf h` wae ohl kw

kwdhs}aeyoc chlgowohls, Ahvepey" wae yeguceg ohl

wyklsdossohl `yhd wae kwdhs}aeye olwh wae bhv pkcuudh` wae dkss klkbzey fopes bhvey ohl cuyyelws chd}kyeg

wh chlpelwohlkb DKBGO, Ohl$wyklsdossohl e`coelc ge$

}elgs hl ihwa bksey$s}hw gos}bkcedelw yebkwope wh wae

celwykb kqos h` wae dkss$klkbzey olbew ck}obbky klg wae

phbwkfe k}}boeg iewveel wae wkyfew }bkwe klg wae olbew

ck}obbky ^0=T, K soflocklw olcyekse ol ohl wyklsdossohl

os hiwkoleg i kgh}wolf kl k}}yhkca ckbbeg }ubseg g$

lkdoc `hcusolf !]G@/ wakw olphbpes svowcaolf wae ebecwyoc

ebg wh zeyh `hy k wode olweypkb guyolf vaoca ohls k}$

}yhkca wae ck}obbky olbew ^0;T,

S}kwokbb yeshbpeg DS wecalo{ues ikseg hl goyecw BGO

akpe ieel ed}bheg ol wae swug h` kyw klg kycakeh$

bhfockb hijecws solce 9==9 ^09"03T, Ahvepey" ks gos$

cusseg ol }yepohus secwohls" goyecw BGO os hlb e`ècwope ol

wae swug h` k bodoweg yklfe h` dkweyokbs wakw ckl ie

phbkwobozeg" vaobe DKBGO aks eq}klgeg BGO$ikseg DS

dewahgs wh swugoes h` hyfkloc chd}hlelws `yhd vhyns h`

kyw, Eqkd}bes h` wae k}}bockiobow h` DKBGO wh wae klkb$

sos h` }ofdelws ^07T" socckwope hobs ^05T" }yhweolkcehus

iolgeys ^0001T" klg pkylosaes ^0?T akpe ieel ye}hyweg

ol wae boweykwuye, K }yhwehdoc k}}yhkca ikseg hl wae use

h` DKBGO$Wh@ vks kbsh useg wh ogelwo` iohbhfockb skd$

}bes wakw kye dhye wakl 53== ekys hbg" wknel `yhd wae

Wyhbekl dudd" kbsh ckbbeg Ocedkl hy Hewzo ^6=T,

Yecelwb" }hssoiobowoes h`èyeg i K](DKBGO `hy klk$

bzolf kywoswoc dkweyokb goyecwb ol koy akpe ieel ged$

hlswykweg i swugolf wykgowohlkb }kolwolf dkweyokbs"

oyhl$fkbb oln ^6;T klg hyfkloc ges klg }ofdelws useg wh

}yolw ihhns gkweg ;?;;9= ^5?T, Waos bksw swug ge$

loweb gedhlswykweg wae k}}bockiobow h` K](DKBGO wh wae

swug h` klcoelw hijecws" ieckuse wae klkbses veyeckyyoeg huw ol sowu vowa k s}kwokb yeshbuwohl h` kihuw

7== bd, Waos vks kcaoepkibe i }bkcolf ihhns ol k

dhgoeg K](DKBGO shuyce hl kl Q_Z wyklsbkwohl wkibe,

Wae docyhgeswyucwopow h` wae klkbsos vks hiwkoleg i

s}ykolf kihuw =,9 bf(dd9 h` wae dkwyoq !chyyes}hlg$

olf wh kihuw =,1 ldhbe(dd9/ hl k 93$dd9 kyek h`

wae skd}be,

5, Chlcbusohls

S}kwokbb yeshbpeg DS klkbwockb wecalo{ues akpe fyekw

}hwelwokb `hy wae swug h` kyw klg kycakehbhfockb hijecws,

Ol }kywocubky" wae wecalo{ues gescyoieg aeye akpe sepeykb

od}hywklw cakykcweyoswocs:

!;/ ck}kiobowoes `hy s}kwokbb yeshbpeg dubwo$ebedelwkb

klg oshwh}oc klkbsos>

!9/ bhv BHGs klg eqwelgeg boleky yklfes wakw kbbhv

{uklwowkwope klkbsos>

!3/ dolodkb skd}be }ye}kykwohl klg(hy gkdkfe> klg"

!7/ ck}kiobowoes `hy s}kwokbb yeshbpeg klkbsos h` hyfkloc

klg iohdhbecubky chd}hulgs,

Ve akpe fopel s}ecokb delwohl wh yecelw olswyudelwkb

kgpklces wakw kbbhv goyecw" s}kwokbb yeshbpeg DS klkb$

ses h` vhyns h` kyw, Suca `kcobowoes h}el lev }hssoiobowoes`hy chd}beq kywoswoc klg kycakehbhfockb hijecws vael

goyecw DS klkbses h` wae swugoeg hijecw kye chlgucweg kw

K],

Kcnlhvbegfdelws

Ve kcnlhvbegfe su}}hyw `yhd DOUY !@OYI

YIYL=6IDCW/, Ve vhubg bone wh wakln G, Klfbhs" G,

Fkyhzzh klg kl klhldhus yeèyee `hy waeoy chlswyucwope

chddelws klg suffeswohls,

Yeèyelces^;T E, Coboieywh" F, S}hwh !Egowhys/" Dhgeyl Klkbwockb Dewahgs ol Kyw

klg Kycakehbhf" Jhal Vobe & Shls Olc," Lev _hyn" USK" 9===,

^9T F, S}hwh" K, Whyyoso" K, Chlwolh" Caed, Shc, Yep, 9? !9===/ 79?,

^3T F, S}hwh" Kcc, Caed, Yes, 35 !9==9/ 059,

^7T ], Pklgelkieebe" A,F,D, Egvkygs" B, Dhels" Caed, Yep, ;=6

!9==6/ 065,

^5T S, ]ykwo" E, Jhse}a" F, Scouwwh" Y, Dkzzeh" Kcc, Caed, Yes, 73

!9=;=/ 6?9,

^0T F, Iuzkloca" ], Vhiykuscaen" C, Swyebo" K, Dkynhvocz" G,

Vefyzlen" E, Caolek$Cklh" S, Ikd`hyg" S}ecwyhcaod, Kcwk" ]kyw

I 09 !9==6/ ;959,

^6T N, Jklssels" J, Gon" D, Chwwe" J, Susolo" Kcc, Caed, Yes, 73 !9=;=/

1;7,


109 aww}:((vvv,ebsepoey,chd(bhckwe(wykc


8/8

^1T B, ge Pofueyoe" ], Vkbwey" E, Bkpkb" I, Dhwwol" P,K, Shbem" Klfev,

Caed," Olw, Eg, Elfb, 7? !9=;=/ 0;95,

^?T ], Ledes" K,S, Vhhgs" K, Peywes" Klkb, Caed, 19 !9=;=/ ?19,

^;=T G, Fyhbodulg" D, Sell" D, Wyhwwdkll" D, Jklhusca" O, Ihlahuye"

K,D, Scaeogeffey" D, Dkycus" S}ecwyhcaod, Kcwk" ]kyw I 5?I

!9==7/ ;096,

^;;T W, Cecakn" D, Abhzen" B, Dusoben" W, Wyhjen" Lucb" Olswyud,

Dewahgs ]as, Yes," Secw, I 903 !9==6/ 57,

^;9T K,G, DcLkufaw" K, Vobnolshl !Chd}obeys/" OU]KC Chd}elgoud

h` Caedockb Weydolhbhf" 9lg Egowohl !Fhbg Ihhn/" Ibkcnvebb

Scoelwoc ]uibockwohls" Hq`hyg" UN" ;??6 ^QDB hl$bole chyyecweg

peysohl âww}:((fhbgihhn,ou}kc,hyf !9==0$//" cyekweg i D, Loc" J,

Joykw" I, Nhskwk" u}gkwes chd}obeg i K, Jelnols" OSIL =$

?06155=$?$1 !GHO:;=,;35;(fhbgihhn /T,

^;3T @, Pklakecne" B, Ikbckel" G, Dkbolhpsn" J, Klkb, Kw, S}ecwyhd,

97 !9==?/ 103,

^;7T B, Gussuioeuq" ], Yhieywsakv" D,G, Fbkschcn" Olw, J, Dkss

S}ecwyhd, 917 !9==?/ ;59,

^;5T D,], Chbhdiolo" @, Dhguflh !Egowhys/" Hyfkloc Dkss S}ecwyhdewy

ol Kyw klg Kycakehbhf" Jhal Vobe & Shls Olc," Lev _hyn" USK"

9==?,

^;0T Z, Fh`èy" Kycakehbhfockb Caedoswy" Jhal Vobe & Shls Olc," Lev

_hyn" USK" 9==6,

^;6T D, Yefeyw" Dkss S}ecwyhd, Yep, 3= !9=;;/ ;66,

^;1T K,N, Huwykd" L,K, Sweky" Y, Ielgye" S, Hbsel" K, Nks}kyhp" P,

Zkoieyw" L, Wahy}e" Y,], Epeysaeg" Scoelce !Vksaolfwhl" GC/ 393

!9==?/ ;339,

^;?T J, ]eyez$Kyklwefuo" F, Ce}yok" E, Yoiecaolo" O, Gefklh" D,],

Chbhdiolo" J, ]kz$]eykbwk" E, Hywoz$]kbhdky" Wyelgs Klkb, Caed,

91 !9==?/ ;=;?,

^9=T K, Klgyehwwo" O, Ihlkguce" D,], Chbhdiolo" F, Fkuwoey" @,

Dhguflh" E, Yoiecaolo" Klkb, Caed, 61 !9==0/ 77?=,

^9;T H,@, pkl gel Iyoln" E,S,I, @eyyeoyk" J, pkl gey Ahysw" J,J, Ihhl" Olw,

J, Dkss S}ecwyhd, 917 !9==?/ ;9,

^99T G,S, Dc]akob" J, Dkwey, Sco, 7; !9==0/ 163,

^93T D, Vesw" K,W, Ebbos" ],J, ]hwws" C, Swyebo" C, Pklahh`" G, Vefyzlen"

], Vhiykuscaen" J, Klkb, Kw, S}ecwyhd, 97 !9==?/ ;91?,

^97T W, Ckbbofkyh" J,$C, Gykl" J, Skbhdhl" Chd}y, Klkb, Caed, 79

!9==7/ 996,

^95T K, Foknhudkno" N, Debessklkno" G, Klfbhs" Klkb, Iohklkb, Caed,

316 !9==6/ 67?,

^90T G, Deluw" ], @ocaew" J, Bkchuy" K, Yophkbbkl" ], Dkucaoel" K}}b,

H}w, 79 !9==3/ 0=03,

^96T K, Fullkysshl" @, Nhbbdey" S, Shal" @, Ahhn" ], Sjhpkbb" Klkb,

Caed, 19 !9=;=/ 9790,

^91T ], Caknykihyw" Lucb, Olswyud, Dewahgs ]as, Yes," ]kyw I 900

!9==1/ ;151,

^9?T G,F, ]k}kzhfbhu" P, ]k}kgknos" G, Klfbhs" J, Klkb, Kw, S}ecwyhd,

;? !9==7/ 713,

^3=T F, S}hwh" Waeydhcaod, Kcwk 305 !9===/ ;56,

^3;T K, Kgyokels" D,F, Ghvseww" K}}b, Suy`, Sco, 959 !9==0/ 6=?0,

^39T E, Gky{ue$Ceyewwo" D, Kuchuwuyoey" ol: N, Jklssels" Y, Pkl Fyoenel

!Egowhys/" Lhl$geswyucwope Docyhklkbsos h` Cubwuykb Aeyowkfe

Dkweyokbs" Ebsepoey Scoelce I,P" Kdsweygkd" Wae Lewaeybklgs"

9==7" }, 3?6,

^33T _, _u$Saelf" C, Ih$Julf" B, _hlf$Caoel" K}}b, Suy , Sco, 955

!9==1/ ;537,

^37T F,C, Kbbel" O,W, Iyhvl" E, Coboieywh" F, S}hwh" Euy, Dkss S}ecwy, ;

!;??5/ 7?3,

^35T F, Nyk w" S, @befe" @, Yeo``" A,D, Hywley" Docyhcaod, Kcwk ;75

!9===/ 16,

^30T D, Fhhgvk" Scoelce !Vksaolfwhl" GC/ 930 !;?16/ ?96,

^36T @,J,D, Yuwwel" G, Iyoffs" J, Aelgeyshl" D,J, Yhe" Kycakehdewy 5;

!9==?/ ?00,

^31T D, Debcaey" D, Scayeoley" J, Lhl$cysw, Shbogs 359 !9==0/ 301,

^3?T O, Boyowzos" L, Bksnkyos" Lucb, Olswyud, Dewahgs ]as, Yes," ]kyw I

906 !9==?/ ;77,

^7=T N, Neule" @, Ahhfbklg" J,J, Ihhl" G, ]effoe" C, Aoffoww" Olw, J, Dkss

S}ecwyhd, 917 !9==?/ 99,

^7;T Y, Akd" B, Pkecn" @, Kgkds" K, Kgyokels" Klkb, Iohklkb, Caed,

313 !9==5/ ??;,

^79T Y, Pkl Akd" B, Pkl Pkecn" @, Kgkds" K, Kgyokels" Klkb, Caed,

60 !9==7/ 90=?,

^73T N, Neule" J,J, Ihhl" Klkb, Caed, 60 !9==7/ ;367,

^77T D,K, ]hswaudus" ],F, Noswedkney" A,B,C, Deuzebkky" Klkb, Caed,

5= !;?61/ ?15,

^75T G,], Noyi" L, Naklgenky" N, Suwaeybklg" I,K, ]yoce" Olw, J, Dkss

S}ecwyhd, 917 !9==?/ ;;5,

^70T I,J, Fkyyoshl" Z, ]hswkvk" Dkss S}ecwyhd, Yep, 96 !9==1/

91?,

^76T D, Yesklh" E, Fkycok$Yuoz" @, Pklakecne" Dkss S}ecwyhd, Yep, 9?

!9=;=/ 55,

^71T K, @yegeyoc" Klkb, Iohklkb, Caed, 31? !9==6/ ;31;,

^7?T D, Nkyks" G, Ikcadkll" U, Ikay" @, Aobbelnkd}" Olw, J, Dkss

S}ecwyhd, Ohl, ]yhc, 61 !;?16/ 53,

^5=T J, Nkd}deoey" N, Gyeoseveyg" D, Scauyelieyf" N, Swyu}kw" Olw, J,

Dkss S}ecwyhd, ;0?(;6= !;??6/ 3;,

^5;T N, Gyeoseveyg" Caed, Yep, ;=3 !9==3/ 3?5,

^59T N, Gyeoseveyg" S, Ieynelnkd}" K, Beosley" K, Yhablf" C, Delzeb"

Olw, J, Dkss S}ecwyhd, 990 !9==3/ ;1?,

^53T Y,G, Egdhlgshl" G, Yussebb" J, Kd, Shc, Dkss S}ecwyhd, 6 !;??0/

??5,

^57T N, Swyu}kw" P, Nhpwhul" A, Iuo" Y, Poley" F, Swk``hyg" S, Ahylolf" J,

Kd, Shc, Dkss S}ecwyhd, 9= !9==?/ ;75;,

^55T P,P, Bkonh" D,K, Ikbgvol" K,B, Iuybolfkde" Klkb, Caed, 69

!9===/ 059,

^50T P,P, Bkonh" L,O, Wkyklelnh" P,G, Ieynhuw" D,K, _knsaol" C,Y,

]ykskg" A,S, Bee" P,D, Ghyhsaelnh" J, Kd, Shc, Dkss S}ecwyhd, 3

!9==9/ 357,

^56T F, Fykssh" E, Yozzkyebbo" F, S}hwh" J, Dkss S}ecwyhd, 79 !9==6/

;5?=,

^51T N,K, Nebbeysieyfey" ],P, Wkl" P,P, Bkonh" P,D, Ghyhsaelnh" G,

@kiyos" Klkb, Caed, 60 !9==7/ 3?3=,

^5?T B, Fouykwh" K, Cklguyk" F, Fykssh" F, S}hwh" K}}b, ]as, K ?6

!9==?/ 903,

^0=T P,G, Ieynhuw" S,O, Nyucanhp" P,D, Ghyhsaelnh" Yk}og Chddul,

Dkss S}ecwyhd, 9; !9==6/ 9=70,

^0;T ],P, Wkl" P,P, Bkonh" P,D, Ghyhsaelnh" Klkb, Caed, 60 !9==7/

9709,

^09T J,J, Ihhl" W, Bekyley" J, Klkb, K}}b, ]yhbsos 07 !9==9/ 396,

^03T G,D, Fyod" J, Kbboshl" Kycakehdewy 70 !9==7/ 913,

^07T D,S, Dkoey" S,G, ]kyeyk" K,D, Sebges" Olw, J, Dkss S}ecwyhd, 939

!9==7/ 995,

^05T G,J, Pkl Gel Ieyf" L,G, Peydosw" B, Ckybbe" D, Ahbck}en" J,J,

Ihhl" J, Se}, Sco, 91 !9==7/ ;1;,

^00T S, Nucnhpk" D, Cyahpk" B, Pklnhpk" K, Alozgk" Y, Alen" D,

Nhgocen" Olw, J, Dkss S}ecwyhd, 917 !9==?/ 79,

^06T C, Whnkysno" E, Dkywol" C, Yhbklgh" C, Cyel$Hbope" Klkb, Caed, 61

!9==0/ ;7?7,

^01T S, Nucnhpk" Y, Alen" D, Nhgocen" Klkb, Iohklkb, Caed, 311

!9==6/ 9=;,

^0?T S, Zudiu ab" Y, Nlhcaelduss" S, Vu bèyw" @, Guihos" D,J, Gkbe" Y,

Zelhio" Klkb, Caed, 6= !;??1/ 6=6,

^6=T N, Ahbbedeey" V, Kbwdeey" E, Aeolzbe" C, ]owyk" Yk}og Chdd,

Dkss S}ecwyhd, 99 !9==1/ 965;,

^6;T Y, GKfkwk" F, Fykssh" S, ]kybkwh" S, Sodhle" F, S}hwh" K}}b, ]as,

K: Dkwey, Sco, ]yhcess, 1? !9==6/ ?;,


aww}:((vvv,ebsepoey,chd(bhckwe(wykc 103
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