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SPORTS PSYCHOLOGYUnit 10
FIVE PSYCHOLOGICAL PHASES – VIDEO CLIP
FIVE PSYCHOLOGICAL PHASES
Denial – Athletes commonly deny the seriousness of the condition “Nothing is really wrong” “This can’ happen to me”
FIVE PSYCHOLOGICAL PHASES
Anger – Athletes often become angry with themselves, those around them, & everything in general “Why me?” “What did I do wrong?” “It’s not fair”
May lose interest in rehab
FIVE PSYCHOLOGICAL PHASES
Bargaining – Athlete becomes aware of real nature of injury & begins to have doubts about situation – leads to bargaining Pressure on therapy staff to “work miracles”
FIVE PSYCHOLOGICAL PHASES
Depression – Athlete becomes aware of the nature of the injury & recovery time, depression may set it.
FIVE PSYCHOLOGICAL PHASES
Acceptance – Athlete becomes resigned to situation. Applies maximal effort to rehab Accepts limitations & focuses on getting back to
participation.
ATHLETES WHO DENY PAIN OR LOSS OF FUNCTION
Some athletes can tolerate high levels of pain
They think it is to their advantage not to acknowledge pain or an injury
Fear they will lose playing time if coaches, trainers know they are hurt.
ATHLETES WHO VIEW INJURY AS A SOURCE OF RELIEF
An injury can provide a socially acceptable reason to avoid the pressure to succeed.
If an athletes can’t compete because of an injury, they can’t fail.
GOALS
Allows for long & short term motivation Enables athletes to track progress Raises self-confidence Makes it easier for athletes to separate what
is important Help organize the quality of daily training Should be:
Written down Positive Associated with a reward
PERFORMANCE GOALS
Achieving individual skills or behavior Allows athlete to set goals over things they
have control of More effective
OUTCOME GOALS
Directed towards the end result Usually based on the reward of winning Athletes generally have little or no control over
other competitors, which affect outcome goals Can increase pressure the athlete feels to be
the best
SMART GOALS
How to write goals that will increase an athlete’s chance of achieving the goal
Specific – well defined – what, why, how Measurable – how to know the goal is
achieved (times, distances, measurements) Adjustable – can change goal as needed Realistic – the goal is something the athlete
is willing to work for and is able to accomplish
Time – should have a time frame for completing the goal
FOCUSED BREATHING
Can help reduce stress & anxiety Slow rhythmic paced breathing In through the nose, out through the mouth Belly breathing – extend the belly instead of
the chest rising.
PROGRESSIVE MUSCLE RELAXATION
Reduce stress by learning to relax Systematically tense and relax muscles
throughout the body Most common progressions run from toes to
head or head to toes Let the tension dissolve, let go of the tension,
let the tension flow out of the body
VISUAL IMAGERY - DEFINITION
Imagining a specific environment or performing a specific acitivity
VISUAL IMAGERY GENERAL GUIDELINES
Imagine performing skills very well & successful
Use as many senses as possible: sight, hearing, touch, smell, & kinesthetics
Internal & external perspectives should be used
Athletes should control their mental images, making sure they see themselves perform as they want to.
IMAGERY, REHABILITATION, & HEALING
Imagination of athletes can greatly influence their response to an injury
Athletes can control their visual images to direct aid in rehab and healing
Imagine injured tissue healing Mentally practice returning to activity and
regaining full movement
IMAGERY & IMPROVING PERFORMANCE
Athletes “see” themselves being successful & achieving goals
Perform skills at high levels Seeing desired performance outcomes Complete a mental run through of the
performance Mange energy levels Refocus Evaluate performance
STALENESS
Definition – loss of vigor, initiative, & successful performance, may be the beginning of burnout
Influences: Long seasons Monotony High levels of stress Poor eating habits Rewards are minimum
BURNOUT
Definition – state of physical, mental, and emotional exhaustion where an individual has their abilities to cope with minor daily frustrations decreased and their ability to cope with major problems paralyzed
Characterized by loss of motivation and interest
INTERVENTIONS TO TREAT STALENESS/BURNOUT
Remove from activity Take time off Athlete have more control Decrease emotional demands Avoid repetition Sufficient attention to complaints & small
injuries Supportive & caring environment