Spoken English December - 2016 - eenadupratibha.net... kindly explain the difference among the below words with examples ... See the first lessons of Spoken English on the net. - P.V.V

Email your questions to: [email protected]

O’ -v°æ--¨¡o-©’ °æç-§ƒ-Lq-† -*®Ω’-Ø√-´÷...-≤ÚpÈé-Ø˛ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ, -v°æ-A-¶μº -N-¶μ«í∫ç,

Ñ-Ø√--úø’ é¬®√u-©-ßª’ç, - ®√-¢Á÷-@ °∂œ-™¸t Æœ-öÃ, -Å-Ø√-ñ¸°æ‹®˝, ®Ωçí¬È®-úÕf ->-™«x.

918

1. Sacred = Holy (°æN-vûª-¢Á’i†)

Eg:1) Every hindu wishes tohave a bath in the sacredwaters of the Ganga.

2) A temple is a sacred place.

Sacred × Unholy / Profane(Å°æN-vûª-¢Á’i†)

2. Zeal = Enthusiasm (Öû√q£æ«ç)

Eg: They participated with zeal in the competition.(§ÚöÃ™ Öû√q-£æ«çí¬ §ƒ™Ô_-Ø√o®Ω’).

Zeal × Apathy / Indifference (Öû√q£æ«ç, v¨¡ü¿l¥ ™‰éπ-§Ú-´úøç)

3. Obey = Comply (NüμË-ßª’ûªí¬ Öçúø’/ P®Ω-≤ƒ-´-£œ«çîª’)

Eg: Sri Rama always obeyed his father Dasaradha. Obey × Resist / Disobey (E®Ó-Cμçîª’ / ÅN-üμË-ßª’-ûªí¬ Öçúø-ôç)

4. Futile = Useless (Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫ç-™‰E/E≠æp¥©-¢Á’i†)

Eg: His attempts to become aminister were futile.

Futile × Fruitful / Profitable(°∂æLç-*† / ™«¶μº-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i†)

5. Malice = The idea of harmingothers. (éÃúø’ éπL-TçîË Ææy¶μ«´ç)

Eg: Pakistan is full of malicetowards India.

★ Malicious = Harmful (éÃúø’ éπL-TçîË)Eg: He came here with the malicious purpose of

killing her. Malice × Harmless (éÃúø’ îËßª’E)

-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 4 -úÕÂÆç-•®Ω’ 2016 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Â£j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

www.eenadupratibha.net'-≤ÚpÈé-Ø˛ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ— §ƒ-ûª Ææç-*éπ-© éÓÆæç -îª÷-úøç-úÕ..

- M. Suresan

Writer

Vocabulary

- Syam, Kiran Kumar, Bujji

Q: 1) I doubt that few human beings would beso brash as to claim.

2) One philologist goes as far as to theorize.- Â°j-† -ûÁ-L°œ-† È®ç-úø’ -¢√é¬u-™x as... as and so... as

meaning -àç-öÀ? -¢√-öÀ -Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í¬-©’ --ûÁ-©°æç-úÕ.A: 1) Åçûª Å£æ«ç-é¬-®ΩçûÓ Éûª-®Ω’© °æôx Åçûª ü¿’®Ω’-

Ææ’í¬ ÖçúÕ üΔ-Eo £æ«èπ◊\í¬ ÅúÕÍí ´’†’-≠æfl©’üΔüΔ°æ¤ Öçúø-®ΩØË Ø√ ÆæçüË£æ«ç.

2) ¶μ«≥ƒ-üμ¿u-ßª’†ç îËÆœ† äéπ °æçúÕ-ûª’úø’ üΔEí∫’Jç* ÆœüΔl¥ç-B-éπ-JçîË -́ ®Ωèπ◊ (= as far as)¢Á∞«xúø’.

★ In degrees of comparison in the positivedegree we use, 'as...as' and 'so...as'. We use'so...as' only with not, and 'as...as' both withnot / without not. Eg: He is not as / so tall as his brother.

- K. Srinivasa Rao, Macherla.

Q: Sir, would you explain causative verbs in English and their usage in detail?

A: Causative verbs are verbs which say that someperson makes another person do something /something happen (àüÁjØ√ äéπJûÓ îË®·ç-îª-úøç,àüÁjØ√ ïJ-Íí™« îª÷úøôç, àüÁjØ√ Å -́-ú≈-EéÀ ≤ƒßª’-°æ-úøôç, É´Fo causative verbs).

★ The following are causative verbs: make,cause, have, enable, allow, let, force, require,keep, and hold.

Ex: 1) I made him do it (ØË†’ Åûª-EûÓ îË®·ç-î√†’).

2) She caused him to get the electric shock(Åûª--†’ ≥ƒé˙èπ◊ í∫’®Ω-´-ú≈-EéÀ Ç¢Á’ é¬®Ωùç)

3) The teacher had the students do the homework (öÃîª®˝ °œ©x-©ûÓ £æ«Ùç ´®˝\ îË®·ç-*çC)

4) He allowed me to go (Åûª†’ ††’o ¢Á∞¡x-E-î√aúø’).

So is the case with other causative verbs given above.

- A. Rama Ratnam

Q: Sir, kindly explain the difference among the below words with examples.

a) Probably b) Usually

c) Eventually d) Actually

A: a) Probably = Likely to happen (ïJÍí Å´-é¬¨¡çÖ†o) - The sky is cloudy. It will probablyrain today.

b) Usually = Ordinarily (´÷´‚-©’í¬). He usual-ly returns home from office at 6.

c) Eventually = Finally, especially after a lot ofeffort (*´-Jí¬, ´·êuçí¬ î√™« v¨¡´’-°æúøf ûª®√yûª).He eventually succeeded in marrying the girl he had loved. (*´-JéÀ á™«íÓ û√†’vÊ°N’ç-*† Å´÷t-®·E Â°∞«x-ú≈úø’).

d) Actually = Really (Eïçí¬). Actually he has not come here, but knew from otherswhat happened here. (Eñ«-EéÀ Åûª-E-éπ\-úÕéÀ ®√™‰ü¿’, é¬F Éûª-®Ω’© ´©x ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’. Ééπ\úøïJ-T† N≠æßª’ç).

- K. Murali

Q: Sir please explain usage of these words.1) Here we go 2) There we go 3) There you go 4) Here you go

A: 1) Here we go again (´’Sx ÅüË ïJ-TçC)-Said when something bad happens.

Eg: 'Here we go. He has failed again'. 2) There we go = Avoid / don't do something.

Eg: There we go - With the fever on; youare not taking the medicines. (´÷ØË-ßª’ôç)

3) There you go - Said when giving something to somebody after they request for it. Eg: There you go (ÉCíÓ) - Here is the hundred rupees you have asked for.

4) Here you go - Giving somebody something they have asked for. Eg: Here you go. Here's the book you have asked for. (ÉCíÓ †’ý-úÕ-T† °æ¤Ææhéπç).

- S. Radha Krishna

Q: Sir please tell the question tag for belowsentence.'Nobody was hurt'

A: Nobody was hurt, were they? Here we arenot sure that nobody refers to man orwoman so in the question tag, we use 'they'.This is the modern way of referring tonobody, everybody, none, each person,every person, etc.

Q: Sir, please explain the below sentences inTelugu.1) What extend does the advantage out-

weigh disadvantage. 2) What extend does the disadvantages out-

weigh advantages. A: It is not extend, but 'extent'. To what extent

= à ¢Ë’®Ωèπ◊? Outweigh = áèπ◊\´ Å´¤-ûª’çC. O’¢√é¬u© Å®Ωnç, 1) à ¢Ë’®Ωèπ◊ üΔE v°æßÁ÷-ï-Ø√©’,†≥ƒd-©-éπçõ‰ ÅCμ-éπçí¬ Öçö«®·? 2) à ¢Ë’®Ωèπ◊ üΔE†≥ƒd©’, v°æßÁ÷-ï-Ø√© éπçõ‰ ÅCμ-éπçí¬ Öçö«®·?

- Amarnadh

Q: Sir please explain the use of "TO BE" withexamples.

A: To be = Being = (Öçúøôç). Be has a num-ber of different forms - am, is, are (É°æ¤púø’ /á°æ¤púø’ / véπ´’ç ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈ Öçúøôç), was, were(í∫ûªç™ Öçúøôç) all verbs ending in be likewill be, should be, etc., and forms ending in'been' - have been, has been, should havebeen, etc. See the first lessons of SpokenEnglish on the net.

- P.V.V. Prasad, Amalapuram.

Q: Sir, could you please change the followingsentence into indirect speech:'He said, Let's wait for her return'.

A: He suggested that they (should) wait forher return.

Q: When do we use keep and put - Give someexamples.

A: When you keep something at some place,you keep it there for a long time.

Examples:

1) Keep all the books in the shelf. (When youkeep something somewhere it remains therefor a long time.)

2) Put the books on the table - This is only fora short time. You don't let them remainthere for long.

- T. Krishna Kanth

Q: Sir, how to use the following words in sen-tences? Please explain.1) Peripheral 2) Autism 3) Perspective 4) Bliksem

A: 1) Peripheral = Lying on the boundary of acountry, or on the outer boundaries of anarea.

Eg: Arunachal Pradesh is a peripheral stateof India.

★ A peripheral matter = not so important amatter. What you do after college is periph-eral to your teacher.

2) Autism = Autism is a nervous disorderamong children which can be seen ratherearly in life. Autistic children cannot usetheir hands properly, have speech and hear-ing problems, and their hands cannot holdthings properly.

3) Perspective = A particular way of thinkingabout something. My perspective (my wayof thinking) of a political party differs fromyour perspective (your way of thinking) ofthe same property.

★ 'Perspective' has other meanings too, butthis is the most common.

4) Bliksem - No such word in English.

- Surekha Reddy, Pulivendula.

Q: Sir, I am preparing for IELTS generalthrough self and internet. Give me somesuggestions.

A: Develop the ability for speed reading.Learn as many English words as you can.Practice writing simple and correct sen-tences in English. Practice para writing,essay writing, etc. Use Cambridge IELTSguide. That is helpful.

Here we go again..!




919



- M. Suresan

Writer Sita had to go through...

1. Deserve = Be fit for something (Å®Ω|ûª éπLTÖç-úø-ôç).

Examples:i) He deserves to be the Prime Minister. ii) The murderer deserves death sentence

(£æ«çûª-èπ◊úø’ ´’®Ωù Péπ~èπ◊ Å®Ω’|úË).2. Inanimate = Lifeless / having no move-

ment or life (EKb-´-¢Á’i†/ v§ƒùç ™‰E/ ÅîË-ûª-†-¢Á’i†).

Ex: A table is an inanimate object. Inanimate × Lively / living / animates(@´çûÓ Ö†o/ Öû√q-£æ«çí¬ Ö†o)

3. Firm = Strong and steady about something(°æô’d-•-ôdúøç).

Ex: He is firm that we should finish the workby tomorrow evening.

Firm × Unsteady (E©-éπúø ™‰E)4. Prejudice = Bias (baseless wrong opinion)

- ÇüμΔ®Ωç ™‰E ü¿’®Ω-Gμ-v§ƒßª’ç.Ex: He is full of prejudices about India and

Indians.Prejudice × Favour (ÆæÈ®j† é¬®Ωùç ™‰èπ◊çú≈ ÅGμ-´÷†ç îª÷°æúøç)

5. Incite = Rouse someone to hate others / badactions (üËy≠œç-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊, îÁ-úøf °æ†’-©èπ◊ È®îªa-íÌ-ôdúøç/°æ¤J-íÌ-©púøç)Incite × Calm down (¨»çûª °æ®Ω-îªúøç)

Vocabulary

Q: Sir, please explain the following terms inTelugu.1) Cherry picking 2) Go through3) Contemporary

A: 1) Cherry picking = To select only the bestof things or people from a group (Åûª’u-ûªh-´’-¢Á’i† ¢√öÀE/ ´’†’-≠æfl-©†’ áç°œéπ îËÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç.)

Ex: Most 'Public schools' cherry-pick therichest and best students.

2) Go through = i) Read (îªü¿-́ úøç). Ex: Haveyou gone through the newspaper today? ii) Experience something (Å†’-¶μº´ç

§Òçü¿úøç). Ex: Sita had to go through alot of difficulties in her life.

3) Contemporary = Belonging to the sameperiod (Ææ´’-é¬-M-†-¢Á’i†).

Examples:

a) The movie shows the contemporary prac-tices (Ç é¬-©°æ¤ Å©-¢√-ôx†’) of the people ofthe 20 th century.

b) Nehru and Gandhi were contemporaries(¢√Rx-ü¿l®Ω÷ Ææ´’-é¬-M-†’©’).

- Bitra Hemanth Nag, Hyderabad.

Q: Sir, can you please give me some examplesof "enable" in the form of verb with Telugumeaning. Is it in usage?

A: Enable = ≤ƒßª’ç îËßª’úøç/ O©’ éπLpç-îªúøç/≤ƒüμ¿uç îËßª’úøç. Ex: The scholarship he got enabled (=

helped) him to complete his studies. It is in use, of course.

- Ashok Reddy

Q: Let me know which of the following questions are proper.a) Shall I have finished my breakfast by this time tomorrow?b) What shall I have done tomorrow?

A: The correct questions are: 1) Shall I have finished my breakfast by this time tomorrow? and, 2) What shall I have done by this time tomorrow?

Q: Which speech should we use, direct or indirect, in SpokenEnglish?

A: You can use either. Depends on what you choose.

- Shaik Sana Q: If you become the Chief Minister of A.P. what would be your imme-

diate priority? - Is this correct?A: If you become the Chief Minister of AP what will you do? - Correct.Q: I am pursuing M.B.A. - Is this sentence correct?A: Correct. But 'pursuing' is bookish (é¬Ææh §ƒçúÕûªuç/ ví¬çC∑éπç). A sim-

pler way of saying it is, 'I am doing MBA'.Q: In letter writing which one of the following is write & why?

I request you to do my favour. (or) I am requesting you to do myfavour - Please give me clarification.

A: The correct sentence is: I request you to do me (not my) a favour. (Insuch sentences am / is / are requesting is avoided).

- Amarnadh

Q: Sir, please explain the difference between'INDICATE' and 'REFER' with examplesin Telugu.

A: Indicate = Point out / show. Ex: He post-pones doing things. This indicates (shows)his laziness.

★ Refer = Mention (îÁ°æpúøç / v°æ≤ƒh-Nç-îªúøç) /talk about / consult (Ææçv°æ-Cç-îªúøç).

Examples: i) Refer to a dictionary. ii) They refer to you (¢√∞¡Ÿx F í∫’Jç*

v°æ≤ƒhN≤ƒh®Ω’) whenever I talk to them.

- K Ramana Rao, Palakollu.

Q: Sir, according to some experts English isnot a phonetic language. For some peopleit is unphonetic language and for some it isnon phonetic. They are calling itunphonetic or non phonetic because thereis no correlation between spelling and

pronunciation. We don't write English aswe speak. But phone means sound. Unphoneticmeans without sound.So I think it is not apt to call a languageunphonetic because any language is madeof sounds. please clarify my doubt.

A: 'Unphonetic' means no correspondencebetween letters used in the spelling and thesound.

★ English is an unphonetic language becausethere is no relation between the letters usedin the spelling, and the pronunciation.

★ Non-phonetic is not correct here. Non-pho-netic is not usually used to describe a lan-guage like English.

- Prasad, Vizianagaram

Q: Sir, could you please tell me how to writecirculars in schools regarding holidays,meetings etc.Ex: This is to inform you that tomorrow is

holiday - is it right? A: Very simple. 'This is to inform you .....' -

this is unnecessary and outdated. Make itsimple. Simply say, Tomorrow will be aholiday on account of (give the reason forthe holiday), say, school anniversary / theschool will be closed / will remain closedon account of Deepavali, etc.

- Saikiran Sutari

- Moka Ganesh

Q: Sir, I am unable find the errors from the given sentence. 'How it is possible?' (or) 'How is it possible is correct?' - Pleaseexplain.

A: 'Errors from the sentences' is wrong. It is 'errors in the sentences'.'How it is possible' is a part of a sentence.

Ex: I don't know how it is possible. The correct question form is, 'Howis it possible?' Refer to the answer to the question above.

Q: Sir, distinguish between "talk with" and "talk to"?A: Talk to and talk with are both in use. Talk with is American and talk

to is British.

- S. Rajya Lakshmi, Guntur.

Q: Sir, please translate the below ones. 1) ØË†’ E†o Evü¿ ™‰*† ¢ÁçôØË Ææ÷\™¸éÀ ¢Á∞«x†’ ÅÆæq©’ àç

È®úŒ é¬èπ◊çú≈ áçü¿’-éπçõ‰ °æK-éπ~© õ„jç ü¿í∫_®Ω °æúÕç-üΔßÁ’.2) ÅEoç-öÀ-éπçõ‰ ´·çü¿’ ≤ƒo†ç îËÆœ, v°æ®·®˝ îËÆœ, Å°æ¤púø’ Ø√ûÓ

´÷ö«xúø’.3) ïÆˇd É°æ¤púË éπÈ®çô’ §Ú®·çC. ´’ç* ÆœE´÷ ´≤ÚhçC öÃO™.4) ´’O’t, öÃ Å®·uçüΔ? ÉçÈéç-ûª-ÊÆ°æ¤?

A: 1) Yesterday as soon as I got up from sleep, I went toschool even without proper preparation because theexams are nearing / approaching.

2) First you have a bath, pray / say your prayers, and thenonly talk to me.

3) The power / current has gone off, just when a goodmovie is showing on the TV.

4) Mom, is the tea ready? How long more will it take?

- K. Murali.

Q: Sir, please explain the difference among the sentences inTelugu.

1) "Who is he","who he is"

2) "Where is he","where he is"

A: 'Who is he?' and 'Where is he?' are correct questions.'Who he is', and 'where he is' are not questions. They arenot even sentences. They are parts of sentences.

Examples:

i) I do not know who he is.

ii) The police do not know where he is.

In a question the verb is always before the subject, or inbetween the helping verb and the main verb. (ÉçTx≠ˇv°æ¨¡o™x á°æpúø÷, verb ´·çü¿÷, subject ûª®√yûª é¬F, helpingverb èπÿ, main verb èπÿ ´’üμ¿u é¬F subject ´Ææ’hçC.)

- Ravi Teja

Q: Sir, please explain the following words in Telugu.

1) Vigilance 2) Promulgated 3) Accuses 4) Collusion

A: 1) Vigilance = Watching for any danger or difficulty (Åv°æ-´’-ûªhçí¬/ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬ Öçúøôç)

2) Promulgated = Announce (v°æéπ-öÀç-îª-úøç) / enforce a law by offi-cial declaration (îªö«dEo Å´’-©’-°æ-JîË v°æéπ-ô†)

3) Accuses = Blame (EçCçîª’)

4) Collusion = Secret or illegal cooperation for doing somethingbad (èπ◊vô-°æ-†oúøç).




920


- Navya, Naveen, HYD.

Q: Sir, please explain the words in Telugu.1) Incumbent 2) Waive3) Ploys 4) Plethora5) Pliable 6) Pursue

7) Reverberate 8) Retaliate

9) Reciprocate 10) Sway

A: 1) Incumbent = A person holding a jobright now (v°æÆæ’hûªç °æü¿-N™ Ö†o úéÀh).

Eg: Our incumbent Prime Minister now isNarendra Modi.

2) Waive = Not insisting a person on comply-ing with something (E•ç-üμ¿-††’ ûÌ©-Tç-îªúøç –éÌEo N≠æ-ßª÷™x/ éÌçûª-´’ç-CéÀ.)

3) Ploys = Tricks (áûª’h-í∫úø)

4) Plethora = A large number / amount ofsomething (áèπ◊\´ Ææçêu™)

5) Pliable = Easily bent / flexible (áõ„jûË Åô’´çîËç-ü¿’èπ◊ O™„j†) / easily influenced / agree-able to anything. (´’†ç îÁÊ°p ´÷ô NØË, úA-Í®-éÀç-îª-èπ◊çú≈.)

6) Pursue = i) Chase (¢Áçô-•úÕ ûª®Ω-´’úøç)

ii) Continue to proceed or study(îËÆæ’h†o °æEE éÌ†-≤ƒ-Tç-îªúøç / îªü¿’-´¤ûª÷ Öçúøôç)

7) Reverberate = (a sound) repeated severaltimes as an echo / have continuous effect.(´÷®Ω’-¢Á÷-í∫úøç.)

8) Retaliate = Hit back (áü¿’-®Ω’-üÁ•s Bßª’úøç)

9) Reciprocate = Share the same feelings assomeone (Éûª-®Ω’©’ à ¶μ«¢√©’ ´’† °æôx îª÷°æ¤-û√®Ó, ´’†ç èπÿú≈ ÅüË ¶μ«¢√©’ îª÷°æúøç.)

10) Sway = v°æ¶μ«-Nûªç îËßª’úøç. Eg: His speech swayed the feelings of the

listeners (Éûª®Ω Å®√n©’ èπÿú≈ ÖØ√o®·.)

- Somi Naidu Dadi

Q: Is it correct to say that 'They have gone toChennai'; 'He has gone to Hyderabad'?Please explain with the reason and example.

A: The two sentences are correct. The two sen-tences indicate that they have / he has leftfor Chennai.

★ The point is, 'have gone' is NOT used with I/ we / you.

★ I / We / You have gone to Chennai - this iswrong. These sentences mean that I am / We/You are either on your way to Chennai orhave reached Chennai. When you are eitheron your way to Chennai or being in Chennaihow can you say that you have gone toChennai? Only after returning from Chennai,we say, I / we / you had been to Chennai.

Q: He had participated in the meeting - Is itcorrect to use had + V3 for past perfect sin-gle action in the above sentence?

A: This sentence is wrong. We don't use 'had+ V3' for a single past action. We use it forthe first of two past actions.

Examples:a) The bus had left before I reached the bus

station. b) He told me that he had seen the movie.

1. Concur = Agree with someone / be of thesame opinion with someone (àéÃ-¶μº-Nç-îªúøç/ÅçU-éπ-Jç-îªúøç). Eg: My views on the subject concur with

yours. Concur × Disagree / differ (N¶μ‰-Cç-îªúøç)

2. Banal = Commonplace / Heard or seen anumber of times, so of lit-tle interest (NE, NE îª÷Æœ,îª÷Æœ ´’†ç NÆœ-T-§Ú®· ÇÆæéÀhéπL-Tç-îª-EC). Eg: The jokes in themovie are banal (Ç ÆœE-´÷-™E jokes ÅFo ´’†ç î√™«-≤ƒ®Ω’x N†o §ƒ-ûª jokes) Some more examples: abanal song /a banal story,etc. Banal × fresh / original

3. Omen = An indication of good / evil(¨¡èπ◊†ç) = Portent.

Eg: Somebody sneezing (ûª’´’túøç) whenyou are starting on some importantwork is a bad omen.

4. Astute = Clever / sharp (ûÁL-¢Áj†, îª’®Ω’-Èéj†).

Eg: The Chief Minister of the state is anastute politician

Astute × Dull / obtuse/ slow to understand.

Eg: The student was obtuse(ûªy®Ωí¬ Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-™‰E) andhad to discontinue hisstudies.

5. Inimical = Unfriendly /unfavourable (¨¡vûª’ûªyç Ö†o)

Eg: Pakisthan is always inimi-cal to India.

Inimical × friendly /favourable.

Eg: We have friendly relationswith Afghanistan.

Vocabulary

The jokes in the movie arebanal.


- Bhagawan

Q: Sir, what is the difference between these two sen-tences.1) You are not to be seen. & 2) You are not being seen.

A: You are not to be seen = You have notbeen seen for sometime.

★ You are not being seen - Wrong, becausesee is not used in the continuous tense.Am / is / are seeing, with the meaning ofseeing something is wrong. You are notbeing seen is the passive of I am not see-ing you - this is wrong. 'See' also meansmeet. With this meaning it can be usedin the continuous tense.

Eg: I am seeing the doctor this evening.

- Raghunath Reddy, K. Kameswara Rao

Q: Can we use as follows - "You have performed yourdaughter's marriage with great pomp and show".

A: Correct. Q: How to recognize nominative, objec-

tive, possessive cases? Explain.A: When we use a noun as the subject of a

sentence, it is in the nominative case,when we use it as an object, it is inobjective case and when we use it toshow possession (having something), itis in the possessive case.

Eg: Rama's (of Rama/ belonging to Rama) Q: "Refer to dictionary" / "Refer a dictio-

nary" - Which one is correct?A: Refer to the dictionary - Correct.

I am seeing the doctorthis evening.

- M. Suresan

Writer

His speech swayed..- K. Murali

Q: Sir, please explain the usage of thesewords.1) Should 2) Would

A: 1) 'Should' expresses order, duty or neces-sity. You should do it immediately oryou won't get any money. It expressesstrong probability too.

Eg: He should be coming now. 2) Would is a) the past form of will:

Eg: Compare: I think he will come (Åûªúø’´≤ƒh-úøE ØË†-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o) and I thought hewould come (Åûª-úÌ-≤ƒh-úøE ØË†--†’èπ◊-Ø√o†’).

b) Would in the question form expresses apolite request: Eg: Would you mind helping me? (é¬Ææh Ø√èπ◊

≤ƒ-ßª’ç îËßª’-ú≈-E-Íé-́ ’Ø√o Å¶μºuç-ûª-®Ω´÷?)c) It expresses a choice (áç°œéπ):

Eg: I would rather read a book at home,than go to the movie (ÆœE-´÷èπ◊ ¢Á∞¡xúøçéπçõ‰ Éçöx °æ¤Ææhéπç îªü¿-´úøç Ø√éÀ≠ædç.)

d) Would express a past habit: Examples: i) When he was young, he would go for a

walk every morning. (Åûªúø’ *†o-¢√-úø’í¬Ö†o-°æ¤púø’ ®ÓW §Òü¿’l† †úÕ-îË-¢√úø’.)

ii) Those days he would smoke a lot (Ç®ÓV™x Åûªúø’ ¶«í¬ Æœí∫-È®ö¸ û√Íí-¢√úø’.)

e) In a conditional clause: Eg: If I were there now, I would help him.

= I am not there now, so I cannot helphim.

Q: Explain the difference between past per-fect and past perfect continuous tense inTelugu.

A: We use the past perfect tense for the earli-er of two past actions. (í∫ûªç™ ïJ-T† È®çúø’îª®Ωu™x ¢Á·ü¿öÀ îª®Ωuèπ◊ past perfect ¢√úøû√ç.)Eg: He told me that he had passed.

★ We use the past perfect continuous for anaction which had started earlier and contin-ued till another past action. (í∫ûªç™ ïJ-T†È®çúø’ îª®Ωu™x ´·çü¿’ v§ƒ®Ωç-¶μº¢Á’i, È®çúÓ îª®Ωu´®Ωèπ◊ éÌ†-≤ƒ-TûË, ´·çü¿’ îª®Ωuèπ◊ past perfectcontinuous ¢√úøû√ç.)Eg: She had been dancing for an hour

when the lights went out.

I would rather read a book at home,than go to the movie.

Q: 1) Have you been reading ......?

2) Has not he been driving.. .......- Sir please explain the above structure and

why we do not write as follows.1) have been you reading .........2) has been not he driving ........- Explain and also tell 'having + V3 gives

which kind of meaning?'A: 1) Have you been reading? = Have you

started reading sometime ago, and areyou still reading? (Å°æ¤púø’ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gμç* Éçé¬îªü¿’-́ ¤-ûª÷ØË ÖØ√o¢√?)

2) (Åûªúø’ éÌçûª é¬©ç †’ç* wúÁj¢˛ îËßª’úøç ™‰üΔ?)★ Have been you reading ..? and Has been not

he driving? - these two are wrong, becausethey are not in the proper word order.

★ In a Non-wh question, the subject is inbetween the helping verb (here, have andhas are helping verbs), and the main verb(here, been reading, been driving, are mainverbs). We don't ask questions like that.

- Ram Laxman Doke

Q: Sir, pleas explain the following words inTelugu.1) Disburse 2) Demonetisation 3) Confiscate 4) Unearth 5) At the outset

A:1) Disburse = @û√-©èπ◊, G©’x-©èπÿ úø•’s îÁLxç-îªúøç2) Demonetisation = îª™«-´’-ùÃ™ Ö†o éπÈ®Fq

ØÓôx†’ ®Ωü¿’l îËßª’úøç3) Confiscate = ≤ƒyDμ†ç îËÆæ’-éÌ†’ (´·êuçí¬

v°æ¶μº’ûªyç)4) Unearth = ¢ÁLéÀ Bßª· 5) At the outset = ¢Á·ôd-¢Á·-ü¿ô

Q: Sir, please explain the following word inTelugu.'Vegetative'

A: Vegetative - a) Concerned with growth,development and reproduction. b) Lead a dull life doing almost nothing.

- Aakula Prasad, Vizianagaram.




921



1. Whereabouts = The place where someone or some-thing is (á´-È®jØ√ áéπ\-úø’-Ø√o-®ΩØË N´®Ωç).

Eg: I am sorry I don't know his whereabouts.

Whereabouts × Location / position (Ö†o îÓô’)

2. Humorous = Funny (£æ…Ææu-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† / ûª´÷-≥ƒí¬ Ö†o)

Eg: The leader's speech yesterday was very humorous,and was full of jokes.

Humorous × Serious (í∫çHμ-®Ωçí¬ Ö†o)

3. Grateful = Showing gratitude (éπ%ûª-ïcûª Ö†o)

Eg: Karna was very grateful to Duryodhana for treat-ing him as his equal.

Grateful × Ungrateful / unappreciative (éπ%ûª-°∂æ’oûª)

Ungrateful: Eg: I have helped him a lot but he is ungrateful.

4. Gamble: i) A game involving betting (Wü¿ç).

Eg: Dharmaraja gambled away his kingdom.

ii) Do something risky (v°æ´÷-ü¿-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† °æE)

Eg: He does not realize investing so much money isa gamble.

Gamble × A safe bet (Èí©-´-í∫© °æçüÁç)

5. Hike = Increase / raise (áèπ◊\´ îËßª’úøç/ Â°çîªúøç)

Eg: The oil companies hike oil prices frequently.

Hike × Reduce

- M. Suresan

Writer He is a lion when it comes..

Vocabulary

Q: Sir, please explain the difference betweenStill and Till.

A: Still = yet (Éçé¬). Eg: He has still notcome. Till = until (´®Ωèπÿ). Eg: Let us waittill / until she comes.

Q: Sir, which is better to use in more request'could 'or 'may'?

A: 'Could' in the question form is used for thepolitest form of request.

Eg: Could you help me in this matter? (O’®Ω’Ø√èπ◊ Ñ ≤ƒßª’ç îËÆœ Â°ôd-í∫-©®√? – ´’®√u-ü¿-°æ‹-®Ωy-éπ-¢Á’i† Nïc°œh)

★ 'May' expresses the most formal form ofrequest. That is, it is used when you wantpermission for something from a personwho is your superior in status, or an officialwho you do not know. (ÅCμ-é¬-®Ω’-©†’, ´’†èπ◊°æJ-îªßª’ç ™‰E-¢√-JE î√™« íı®Ω-´-v°æ-ü¿çí¬ Å†’-´’AéÓ®Ωúøç)

Q: Sir, please explain the definite article 'the'.A: 'The' has number of uses. 'The' is used

before a person /thing we have alreadyreferred to. I saw a boy. The boy (the boythat I saw) was very tall. For the other usesof 'the' refer to any good grammar book.(The éÀ î√™« Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬©’ ÖØ√o®·. à gram-mar °æ¤Ææh-éπç-™-ØÁjØ√ N´-®Ωçí¬ Öçö«®·.)

Q: Sir, what is the usage of 'going to' andplease give a solution to how to speakEnglish if you can.

A: When you are sure to do something infuture, you use 'going to'. I am going to buya bike soon = I will surely buy a bike soon.

★ The best way to learn a language is tospeak the language. Speak English when-ever you get an opportunity to speak. Readthe English newspaper every day for abouthalf an hour to forty five minutes; read alsoshort story books and comics. DON'T referto the dictionary for meanings of wordsyou don't know while reading.

★ After reading, if you remember any difficultwords you refer to the dictionary. WatchEnglish movies on the TV. This is the best

way to learn speaking the language. Q: Sir, can you please explain the meaning of

this motto in Telugu. "Powered by intellect and driven by values".

A: Intellect powers (gives power to) the com-pany and values (moral and ethical princi-ples) drive the company (take the compa-ny forward).

Q: Sir, please say when to use has / have had,is / am / are being, being in a sentence.

A: I / we / you / they have had; He / she / ithas had. Have had / has had indicates i) Possessing / owning something till now /

even now. Eg: He has / They have had acar (till now / even now) so far. I don'tknow if he has / they have it still.

ii) Possessing something at a time not stat-ed in the past. Eg: They have had / Hehas had a beautiful house.

★ He is being questioned by the police = Thepolice are questioning him (Now). I ambeing troubled by this fever = This fever istroubling me (Now).

Q: Sir, please explain difference between the"will have to" and "might have to".

A: Will have to = must. ★ Command (-Ç--ñc)/ duty (-N-Cμí¬) / necessity

(Å´Ææ®Ωç).Eg: He will have to complete the work by

tomorrow = He must complete the workby tomorrow.

★ Might have to = Perhaps he has to (îËßª÷Lq®√´-îËa¢Á÷).

- Shiva Charan, Venkateswarlu

- Botsa Naveen, S. Narasimha

- G. Akhil, Nagaraju

- P.S. Nivritee Sreelekha, Secunderabad.

Q: That athlete is compared to a Deer in run-ning - Is this an example of METAPHORor SIMILE, even though extra words"compared to" "in running" are present?Please explain.

A: It is a simile because the athlete is directlycompared to a deer.

Q: Jawaharlal Nehru was born with a silverspoon in his mouth - Is this an example ofIDIOM, since "born with silver spoon"words are given?

A: It is an idiom, because the meaning of thewhole phrase is different from the meaningof every word in the phrase.

Q: Sir, please explain about Figure of Speech. A: We don't say explain about a figure of

speech. Describe, discuss, explain, men-tion and state are not followed by about.

★ A figure of speech is an expression in whichthe words have different meaning from theiroriginal meaning.

Eg: He is a lion when it comes to a fight. Herethe man is identified with a lion, becausehe has the courage of a lion / his courageis like that of a lion.

- Kiran Kumar

Q: Sir, I read and see regularly these follow-ing words. Could you please explain thosewords ? 1. Perhaps 2. Indeed 3. Certainly

A: The word, 'explain' like discuss, describe,state and mention is not followed by'about'.

1) Perhaps = probably / may be (•£æ›¨»)2) Indeed = really (Eïçí¬)Examples:

a) He is not equal to others; indeed he ismuch stronger than others.

b) A friend in need is a friend indeed = afriend who helps us in times of need is areal friend. (Å´-Ææ-®√-EéÀ ≤ƒßª’-°æúË ÊÆo£œ«-ûª’úËEï-¢Á’i† ÊÆo£œ«-ûª’úø’)

3) Certainly = definitely (éπ*a-ûªçí¬).Eg: They will certainly (definitely / surely)

be here tomorrow.

- Prakash P

Q: Sir, please explain the following sentencein Telugu.

His relationships with leaders all over theworld are second to none.

A: Better than all the others / best of all. (v°æ°æç-îª°æ¤ Ø√ßª’-èπ◊-©ç-ü¿-J-ûÓ†’ ÅûªE Ææç•ç-üμΔ©’ ÅCy-B-ßª’-¢Á’i-†N / á´-JéÃ BÆœ-§Ú-EN.)

- Mahesh Cheekuri

Q: Sir, I am unable to understand preposition"Of". Could you explain in Telugu?

A: Of = i) ßÁ·éπ\/ îÁçC†: Eg: This is the prop-erty of the government (ÉC v°æ¶μº’ûªy ÇÆœh).

ii) about (í∫÷Ja/ í∫’Jç*): Eg: I am talking of mybrother (´÷ Å†o†’ í∫’Jç* ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o†’.)

iii) éÌEo Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x '†’ç*— ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC.Eg: He is cured of the disease = Åûªúø’ -Çï•’s †’ç* éÓ©’-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’.

iv) •®Ω’-́ ¤-©’, ü¿÷®√-© í∫’Jç*: Eg: A kilo ofsweets (éÀ™ •®Ω’´¤ B°œ °æüΔ-®√n©’); A distanceof ten kilometers (°æC éÀ™-O’-ô®Ωx ü¿÷®Ωç).

v) ûªßª÷®Ω’ îËßª’-•-úÕ† (îËÆœ†): Eg: The jewel ismade of gold (•çí¬-®ΩçûÓ îËßª’-•-úÕçC/ îËÆœçC).

vi) í∫’ù«Eo ûÁL-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊: Eg: It is very good ofyou (F ´’ç*-ûª†ç).

vii) Ææçêu îÁÊ°pç-ü¿’èπ◊: Eg: Hundreds of people(´çü¿-™«C ï†ç).

- Tagore, Rambabu Lasa

Q: We have received many complaints fromcustomers and have appointed an auditor tohelp us identify the reason for the VARI-OUS DELAYS - Why we use various delayin place of various delays?

A: 'Delay' is both countable (™„éπ\ Â°õ‰dN) anduncountable (™„éπ\ Â°ôd-EN). When it is usedas a countable, it is singular, and when it isuncountable, it is used in the plural. Whenyou use various (= of different kinds)before it, the plural form, delays is correct.

- J.V.S. Murali Manohar, Bhimavaram

Q: Sir, please explain which of the followingsentences is correct and also explain thedifference between them.

A) I report to duty myself as LDC in thisoffice on the forenoon of today.

B) I report to duty as LDC in this office onthe forenoon of today.

A: The correct form is, I report for duty / I amreporting for duty as an LDC in this officetoday in the forenoon. 'Report' is not fol-lowed by the reflexive (myself, himself, etc.)

- Keerthna

Q: Sir, please say the meaning of these belowTelugu words. 1) éπ--Mh 2) -áç--T-L

A: 1) éπ--Mh = Adulteration 2) -áç-T-L = spittle (Ö´·t), leavings (äéπ®Ω’ AE

áçTL îËÆœ† Ç£æ…®Ωç). é¬F English ™ äéπ®Ω’AE áçTL îËÆœ† üΔEéÀ ÆæÈ®j† ´÷ô ™‰ü¿’.áçü¿’-éπçõ‰ ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ Åçûª °æöÀdç°æ¤ ™‰ü¿’ é¬•öÀd.

Documents

Spoken English December - 2016 - eenadupratibha.net... kindly explain the difference among the below words with examples ... See the first lessons of Spoken English on the net. - P.V.V