SPM 200 Clinical Skills Lab 1

Heart Sound and Echocardiography

Daryl P. Lofaso, M.Ed, RRT

Heart Sounds

S1: “ lub” occurs at the beginning of systole (mitral and tricuspid close)

S2: “dub” marks the start of diastole,

(aortic and pulmonic close) S3: (ventricular gallop) early signs of CHF

S4: (atrial gallop) pulmonic stenosis, aortic stenosis, hypertension, MI &

cardiomyopathy

Cardiac Murmurs

Three Main Factors High flow rate through normal or

abnormal orifices Forward flow through a constricted or

irregular orifice or into a dilated vessel or chamber

Backward or regurgitant flow through an incompetent valve, septal defect, or patent ductus arteriosus.

Echo views

Transthoracic Echo Views

Transthoracic Apical View (4 Chamber)

RA – Right Atrium

TV – Tricuspid Valve

RV – Right Ventricle

LA – Left Atrium

MV – Mitral Valve

LV – Left Ventricle

www.images.md

Parasternal Long Axis View

RV – Right VentricleLA – Left AtriumAo - AortaLV – Left Ventricle

www.images.md

Parasternal Short Axis View

RA – Right Atrium

TV – Tricuspid Valve

RV – Right Ventricle

PV – Pulmonic Valve

PA – Pulmonary Artery

AV – Aortic Valve

LA – Left Atrium

www.images.md

Parasternal Short Axis View – Apex

RV – Right Ventricle

LV – Left Ventricle

www.images.md