Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerve Roots (Sensory and Motor)

Fig. 1.4.1

CRANIAL NERVES

Fig. 1.4.2

AutonomicNervousSystem

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions are shown.

Sympathetic: Promotes energy expenditure, activated by emotion

and stress (e.g. increases heart rate, blood pressure)

Parasympathetic: Promotes digestion and excretion (e.g.,

stimulates salivation, stomach and intestinal activity); can be activated by severe stress

Fig. 1.4.3

TELENCEPHALON

DIENCEPHALON

MESENCEPHALON

METENCEPHALON

MYELENCEPHALON

Five Sections of the Adult Brain

Fig. 1.4.4

TELENCEPHALON

DIENCEPHALON

MESENCEPHALON

METENCEPHALON

MYELENCEPHALONMEDULLA

Fig. 1.4.5

TELENCEPHALON

DIENCEPHALON

MESENCEPHALON

METENCEPHALON

MYELENCEPHALON

PONS

CEREBELLUM

Fig. 1.4.6

TELENCEPHALON

DIENCEPHALON

MESENCEPHALON

METENCEPHALON

MYELENCEPHALON

SUPERIOR COLLICULUS

INFERIORCOLLICULUS

SUBSTANTIANIGRA

(“tectum”)

(“tegmentum”)

Fig. 1.4.7

TELENCEPHALON

DIENCEPHALON

MESENCEPHALON

METENCEPHALON

MYELENCEPHALON

THALAMUS

HYPOTHALAMUS

Fig. 1.4.8

TELENCEPHALON

DIENCEPHALON

MESENCEPHALON

METENCEPHALON

MYELENCEPHALON

THALAMUS

HYPOTHALAMUS

PITUITARYGLAND

Fig. 1.4.9

TELENCEPHALONDIENCEPHALON

MESENCEPHALON

METENCEPHALON

MYELENCEPHALON

NEOCORTEX

LIMBICSYSTEMAndBASALGANGLIA(not shown)

Fig. 1.4.10

The Basal Ganglia

CAUDATE

PUTAMEN

GLOBUS PALLIDUS(hidden behind putamen)

Caudate and putamen contain large amounts of dopamine (DA); this transmitter is depleted in patients with Parkinson’s DiseaseFig. 1.4.11

NEOCORTEX (showing convolutions)

CENTRAL SULCUS

PRECENTRALGYRUS(primary motor;somatotopically organized)

POSTCENTRALGYRUS(primary Somatosensory;Somatotopically organized)

Frontal lobe

Parietal lobe

Fig. 1.4.13

NEOCORTEX

Fig. 1.4.14

FRONTAL LOBECENTRAL SULCUS

PRECENTRALGYRUS(primary motor)

Frontal lobe

SupplementaryMotor and Premotor Cortex

PrefrontalCortex

Fig. 1.4.15

PARIETAL LOBECENTRAL SULCUS

POSTCENTRALGYRUS(primary somatosensory)

Parietal lobe

SomatosensoryAssociationCortex

Fig. 1.4.16

Occipital lobe

OCCIPITAL LOBE

PrimaryVisualCortex

VisualAssociationCortex

Fig. 1.4.17

TEMPORAL LOBE

Temporal lobe

PrimaryAuditoryCortex

AuditoryAssociationCortex

Fig. 1.4.18

TELENCEPHALONDIENCEPHALON

MESENCEPHALON

METENCEPHALON

MYELENCEPHALON

NEOCORTEXCORPUSCALLOSUM(axons that connectthe two hemispheres)

Fig. 1.4.19