Upload
others
View
2
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
PAKISTAN ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION
Spent Nuclear Fuel Management and
Cost Estimation Methodology
(Pakistan)
Dr. Qamar MehboobMember (Materials)
IAEA Technical Meeting on Cost Estimation Methodologies for Spent Fuel Management
05-08 November, 2019, Vienna, Austria
| Slide 2 of 21 |Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission Directorate General National Repository
Presentation Layout
• Nuclear Power in Pakistan
• National Policy and Strategy for Spent Nuclear Fuel Management
• Spent Nuclear Fuel Management Practices at KANUPP, Karachi
• Spent Nuclear Fuel Management Practices at CNPGS, Chashma
• Cost Analysis Methodology for Spent Nuclear Fuel Management
• Elements Considered for the Cost Estimation of Spent Nuclear Fuel
Management
• Cost Estimation Example for Spent Nuclear Fuel Management at CNPGS
• Conclusion
| Slide 3 of 21 |Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission Directorate General National Repository
Nuclear Power in Pakistan
Nuclear Power Plant Capacity (MWe) Year of Commissioning
In Operation (Five Plants)
KANUPP-1 (K-1) 137/100 1972
CHASNUPP-1 (C-1) 325 2000
CHASNUPP-2 (C-2) 335 2011
CHASNUPP-3 (C-3) 340 2016
CHASNUPP-4 (C-4) 340 2017
Under Construction (Two Plants)
KANUPP-2 (K-2) 1100 2020
KANUPP-3 (K-3) 1100 2021
Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission Directorate General National Repository| Slide 4 of 21 |
Chashma Nuclear Power
Generating Station (CNPGS)
Karachi Nuclear Power
Complex (KNPC)
Nuclear Power in Pakistan
Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission Directorate General National Repository| Slide 5 of 21 |
Nuclear Power Development Future Goals
-
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
2018 2021 2022 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
1,435
2,435
3,535
4,635
5,735
6,835 6,835 6,835
7,935
9,035
Nu
clea
r In
stal
led
Cap
acit
y (M
W)
Under Construction
K-2
K-3
Op
era
tin
g Planned
M-1C-5
M-2
K-4K-5
K-1C-1C-2C-3C-4
| Slide 6 of 21 |Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission Directorate General National Repository
National Policy
• National Policy on Safe Management of Radioactive Waste,
Decommissioning and Spent Nuclear Fuel in Islamic Republic of Pakistan
- (RWP-01/2018)*
• The Government of Pakistan shall provide funds for implementation of
this policy where necessary
• The Government of Pakistan shall ensure the implementation of this
policy through Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory Authority (PNRA)
*placed on PNRA website
Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission Directorate General National Repository| Slide 7 of 21 |
Spent Nuclear
Fuel
Storage in Wet
Pools at
Reactor
Away From
Reactor Storage
in Casks
Direct Disposal
Reprocessing/
Recycling
Open Cycle
Closed Cycle
?
National Strategy for Spent Nuclear Fuel
Management
*Currently all the SNF is stored at Reactor Wet Storage Pools
| Slide 8 of 21 |Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission Directorate General National Repository
Spent Nuclear Fuel Inventory
NPP Type
Volume stored Maximum
enrichment
on loading
(weight %)
Average burn-
up after
unloading
(GWd/MTU)
ton
(MTU)
Assembly
/bundle
K-1 PHWR 417.7 31184 0.7% 7.5
C-1
PWR
142.8 480
3.4%
30C-2 59.5 200
C-3 11.9 4032
C-4 0 0
| Slide 9 of 21 |Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission Directorate General National Repository
Spent Nuclear Fuel Wet Storage Pool at K-1
• Spent nuclear fuel of K-1 is stored in the spent fuel storage bay located
inside the service building
• As of Dec 31, 2018 the spent fuel bay at K-1 contained 31,184 fuel
bundles
| Slide 10 of 21 |Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission Directorate General National Repository
Dry Storage Facility at K-1
• Due to limitations of further storage capacity, K-1 has opted for dry
storage technology to store the spent fuel safely
• The dry storage facility is being established within the plant premises
• Development and engineering work of underwater handling tools, tilter
and basket assemblies are in-progress
• The design, manufacture, testing and qualification of concrete cask for
storage is also in progress
| Slide 11 of 21 |Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission Directorate General National Repository
Spent Nuclear Fuel Wet Storage Pool at CNPGS
• Spent fuel pools are constructed next to reactor building of each unit (C-1,
C-2, C-3, C-4). Spent nuclear fuel is stored for a period of time necessary
to reduce the residual heat output
• Re-racking of spent fuel assemblies by introducing Aluminium-Boron-
Carbide sheets
| Slide 12 of 21 |Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission Directorate General National Repository
Dry Storage Facility at CNPGS
• A dry storage facility is under construction at Chashma Nuclear Power
Generating Station (CNPGS)
• It is designed for dry storage of spent nuclear fuel
• PAEC has submitted its intention to PNRA (for licencing) and IAEA (for
safeguards) for design and manufacturing of storage cask and transfer
cask for spent nuclear fuel generated from CNPGS
• These casks are to be used for storage and transfer of spent nuclear fuel
from power plants to the designated dry storage facility
• Each cask will contain 21 spent fuel assemblies
• The total capacity of dry storage facility will be 375 casks
• Enough to accommodate SNF of C-1,2,3,4 for ~50 years of plants
operation
| Slide 13 of 21 |Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission Directorate General National Repository
C-1 Fuel Building
75t
12.150
Pool Crane 2/5t
13.300
1.7501.500
8.000
±0.000
5.150
10.500
16.800
22.400
25.000
20.000
SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL
STORAGE POOLCask
Loading
Pool
Cask
Cleaning
Pit
4.8
Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission Directorate General National Repository| Slide 14 of 21 |
Spent Nuclear Fuel Transfer at CNPGS
Spent Nuclear Fuel(In-Reactor Core)
Wet Pool(Minimum 5 Years
Storage)
Loading SNF in Basket
Loading Basket in Canister
Cask Loading Pool
Cask Cleaning Pit (Hot Cell)
Purging,Helium Insertion,Decontamination,
of Canister
Loading Canister in Transfer Cask
Loading Cask into Storage Cask
Re-FuellingOutage
Transfer
Loading Transfer Cask in Transfer
Vehicle
Un-loading Canister from Transfer Cask
Placement of Storage Cask in Dry Storage
Building
Fuel Building
Dry Storage Building
Basket Material = Aluminium-Boron-CarbideCanister Material = Stainless SteelTransfer Cask Material = Stainless Steel, Lead and HDPEStorage Cask Material = Stainless Steel and Concrete
Hot Cell in Dry Storage Building
Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission Directorate General National Repository| Slide 15 of 21 |
C-1
DRY
STORAGE
FACILITY
Wet Storage
C-2 C-3 C-4
Location of Dry Storage Facility at CNPGS
Wet Storage Wet Storage Wet Storage
Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission Directorate General National Repository| Slide 16 of 21 |
Cost Analysis Methodology
?
Reactor
Spent
Nuclear Fuel
Storage in
Wet Pools
at Reactor
Trasnfer
Away From
Reactor
Storage in
Casks
Direct
Disposal
Reprocessing/
Recycling
Disposal of
Low and
Intermediate
Level Waste
Spent Nuclear
Fuel Disposal
Disposal of
High Level
Waste
Disposal of
Low and
Intermediate
Level Waste
Uranium and
Plutonium
Production
Open Fuel Cycle Closed Fuel Cycle
To Reactor for Energy Utilization
Economics Methodology
$Decision
Pending
Desktop studies on siting of
deep geological repository
are also underway
Feasibility studies including
economic impact regarding
open or closed fuel cycle
are in progress
Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission Directorate General National Repository| Slide 17 of 21 |
Elements of Costing
Elements of Costing
Cost of Wet Storage
Cost of Storage Cask
Cost of Transfer Cask
Cost of Dry Storage Building
Special Vehicles and Equipment Costs
Safety and Security Systems Costs
Pays and Wages of Employees
Utility Costs
Decommissioning and Disposal Costs
Storage in
Wet Pools
at Reactor
Trasnfer
Away From
Reactor
Storage in
Casks
Economics Methodology
Total Cost
Σi Individual Element Cost i
Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission Directorate General National Repository| Slide 18 of 21 |
CTSC = CWS + CSC + CTC + CSB + CEQ + CTV + CRS +CIS
+ CSS +CEC + CUC + CDC + CDM
CTSC = Total storage cost
CWS = Cost of wet storage (number of spent fuel assemblies x unit cost of wet storage)
UC(SC) = Unit cost of storage cask (design cost + construction cost + licensing cost)
CSC = Total cost of storage cask (number of storage casks x UC(SC) )
CTC = Cost of transfer cask (design cost + construction cost + licensing cost)
CSB = Cost of dry storage (design cost + construction cost + licensing cost)
CEQ = Equipment costs (includes handling equipment like cranes, grippers etc.)
CTV = Cost of specially designed transport vehicle for on-site cask transfer
CRS = Radiological safety systems costs (radiation monitors, protective clothing, etc.)
CIS = Industrial safety systems costs (fire safety, electrical safety equipment, etc.)
CSS = Security systems costs (includes CCTV, intrusion protection etc.)
CEC = Employees related costs (includes salaries, wages, benefits etc.)
CUC = Utility costs (includes electricity, telephone etc.)
CDC = Cost for decontamination and decommissioning
CDM = Disposal management cost for contaminated materials
Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission Directorate General National Repository| Slide 19 of 21 |
Example Cost Estimation for SNF Management at
CNPGS
CWS Cost of wet storage0 (included in NPP cost, remains same for all SNF
management options)
UC(SC) Unit cost of storage cask 15 Million PKR
CSC Total cost of storage cask 375 Casks x 15 Millions per cask = 5625 Million PKR
CTC Cost of transfer cask 50 Million PKR
CSB Cost of dry storage 412.8 Million PKR
CTV Cost of transfer vehicle 17.7 Million PKR
CEQ Equipment costs 264.5 Million PKR
CRS Radiological safety systems costs Included in Equipment costs
CIS Industrial safety systems costs Included in Equipment costs
CSS Security systems costs Not available at current stage
CEC Employees related costs960 Million PKR (20 employees with 80,000 PKR per
month salary for 50 years)
CUC Utility costs Not available at current stage
CDC Cost for decommissioning Not available at current stage
CDM Disposal management cost Not available at current stage
Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission Directorate General National Repository| Slide 20 of 21 |
Cost Estimation Example for Spent Nuclear Fuel
Management at CNPGS
Total storage cost, CTSC = 7.33 Billion PKR
Note: This estimate is for 375 storage casks and 50 years of storage duration
| Slide 21 of 21 |Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission Directorate General National Repository
Conclusion
• Total inventory of SNF assemblies/bundles from all NPPs that are in
operation
o PWR 720
o PHWR 31,184
• At present, all SNF is present in wet storage facilities
• Two dry storage facilities are being developed both at KANUPP and
CNPGS
• A systematic cost-estimation is performed based on developed
methodology for dry storage facilities
• For 50 years SNF management at CNPGS, dry storage of 375 casks will
cost approximately 7.33 Billion PKR
THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION