SPELLING CHANGES IN –ER VERBS

Les normes: Communication 1.2; Comparisions 4.1

Les qwestions essentielles:

What are the 5 types of –ER verbs that have spelling changes?

Why are spelling changes made?

Verbs ending in –CER change the c to ç before o to keep the soft c (s) sound

This spelling change only occurs in the NOUS conjugation

-CER VERBS

Annoncer – to announceAvancer – to advanceCommencer – to beginEffacer – to eraseLancer – to throwMenacer – to threatenPlacer – to place, setRemplacer – to replaceRenoncer à – to give up, renounce

commence

commençons

commences

commencez

commence

commencent

- A mute e is inserted between the g and o to keep the g soft

This only occurs in the NOUS conjugation

-GER VERBS

Arranger – to arrange

Ranger – to put away/order

Changer – to change

Corriger –to correct

Démanger – to move houses

Déranger – to disturn

mange mangeons

manges mangezmange Mangent

Diriger – to direct

Exiger – to require, demand

Manger – to ear

Nager – to swim

Neiger – to snow

Obliger – to oblige

Partager – to share

Plonger – to plunge; dive

Songer (à) – to think (of)

Change y to i before mute eThis change only occurs in the “shoe”

-YER VERBS

Employer – to use

Ennuyer – to bore, bother

Envoyer – to send

Essuyer – to wibe

Nettoyer – to clean

Renvoyer – to fire, send back, postpone

emploie employonsemploies employezemploie emploient

Verbs ending in –AYER may or may not change the y to i

-YER VERVB EXCEPTION

Payerpaye payonspayes payezpaye payent

Payer To paypaie payonspaies payezpaie paient

The mute e in the stem becomes èThis change occurs in the “shoe”

VERBS WITH MUTE E IN THE STEM

Acheter – to buy

Achever – to achieve

Amener – to bring, lead to

Élever – to bring up, raise

Emmener – to lead, take away

Enelver – to remover, take off

mène menonsmènes menezmène mènent

Geler – to freeze

Lever – to raise, lift

Peser – to weigh

Promener – to walk

Verbs like appeler and jeter double the final consonant in the “shoe”appelle appelon

sappelles

appelez

appelle appellent

jette jetonsjettes jetezJette jetten

t

The é in the stem changes to è in the « shoe »

Espérer – to hope

VERBS WITH É IN THE STEM

Célébrer – to celebrate

Compléter – to complete

Interpréter – to interpret

Posséder – to possess, own

Préférer – to prefer

Protéger – to protect

Répéter – to repeat

Réléver – to reveal

espère espéronsespères espérezespère espèrent

EXCEPTION!

Verbs ending in –éer keep the éCréer – to create:

crée créonscrées créezcrée créent