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This guidebook, edited for content and style at Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona,is being printed and distributed by the Bureau of Geology and Mineral Technology as Special Paper No. 2.

This and other publications may be purchased over-the-counter at the dis­tribution center located at 845 N. Park Avenue, Tucson, Arizona. Mail orders will be accepted and should be sent to the following address:

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Cover Photograph. View downstream of Salt River with Goldfield Mountains composed of Tertiary volcanic rocks in distance. Near Stewart Mountain Dam, 30 km east of Phoenix, Arizona. (Photograph No. 2886 by Troy L. Pewe, June, 1969.)

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Frontispiece. Detail of alligator-bark juniper. Excellent indicator of semiarid environment on edge of pine forest in Arizona. North edge of White Mountains 5 miles south of Eager, Apache County, Arizona. Photograph by Troy L. Pewe, February 13, 1976.

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Donald M. Burt and Troy L. Pewe, Editors

Department of Geology, Arizona State University

Reprinted 1987

Special Paper No. 2

State of Arizona Bureau of Geology and Mineral Technology

The University of Arizona

Material contained in this Special Paper may be quoted or reproduced without special permission provided appropriate

acknowledgment is given to the source.

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CONTENTS

Page 1. Terraces of the Lower Salt River Valley in Relation to the Late Cenozoic History of the

Phoenix Basin, Arizona. Troy L. Pewe ................................................................................. . Geology field trip log along the Lower Salt River, Arizona from Tempe Butte, Tempe to

Saguaro Lake and return..................................................................................................... 14

2. Geology of the Pinacate Volcanic Field.James T. Gutmann and Michael F. Sheridan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 7 Road log and stop guide ........................................................................................................ 49

3. Lithium Pegmatites of the White Picacho District, Maricopa and Yavapai Counties, Arizona.David London and Donald M. Burt ....................................................................................... 61

Road log and stop guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

4. Precambrian Pike's Peak Iron-Formation, Central Arizona. Roger M. Slatt, Greta M. Heintz,Patrick H. Lowry, andPatrickF. O'Hara ............................................................................... 73

5. The Sacaton Porphyry Copper Deposit. Robert R. Cummings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

6. The Superstition Cauldron Complex. Michael F. Sheridan............................................................ 85 Road log and stop guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

7. Groundwater Recharge with Sewage Effluent. Herman Bouwer ..................................................... 97 Road log and stop guide ........................................................................................................ 98

8. Precambrian Metavolcanic Rocks of the Squaw Peak Area, Maricopa County, Arizona.Douglas G. Thorpe and Donald M. Burt ................................................................................. 101

Road log .......................................................................................................................... 104 Stop guide ........................................................................................................................ 105

9. Earth Fissures and Land Subsidence, Eastern Maricopa and Northern Pinal Counties, Arizona.R. H. Raymond, Carl C. Winikka, and R. L. Laney . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Road log and stop guide ......................................................................................................... 109

10. Geology of the Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station and Adjacent Areas, Maricopa County, Arizona.K. M. Euge, W.R. Lund, andJ. D. Scott ................................................................................ 115

Road log and stop guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Return log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Appendices....................................................................................................................... 125

11. Paleozoic Biostratigraphy and Paleontology Along the Mogollon Rim, Arizona . ................................ 131 Part I. Paleontology of the Naco Formation in the Kohl Range area, Arizona.

StanleyS. Beus and Douglas C. Brew .................................................................................... 131 Part II. Stratigraphic and paleomagnetic relations between basal Cambrian and Devonian strata

in central Arizona. D. P. Elston and S. L. Bressler ........................................... : ......................... 138 Part III. Road log from Tempe to l>ayson and Diamond Point via Highways 87 and 260.

Prepared by Department of Geology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona .................................. 143

12. Barringer Meteorite Crater, Coconino County, Arizona. Eugene Shoemaker, David Roddy,Carleton Moore, and Robert Dietz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

Road log and stop guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

13. The Eruptive Mechanism of the Peridot Mesa Vent, San Carlos, Arizona. K. H. Wohletz ..................... 167 The San Carlos Alkaline Rock Association.John R. Holloway and Christina Cross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Road log and stop guide ........................................................................................................ 173

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Article 1

Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4.

Figure 5. Figure 6. Interleaf. Figure 7.

Figure 8. Figure 9. Figure 10. Figure 11. Figure 12.

ILLUSTRATIONS

Figures

Index map of the Phoenix Basin, Arizona and adjoining areas .............................................. . Physiographic diagram of the Phoenix Basin and adjoining areas ........................................... . Diagrammatic transverse profile of paired terraces on the Salt River Valley .............................. . Converging longitudinal profiles of part of the floodplains and terraces of streams

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2-34-56

entering the Phoenix Basin from adjoining mountains on the north and east.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Development stages of caliche surrounding the pebbles and cobbles in gravelly sediment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Caliche-split boulder of quartzite on gravel surface of Sawik Terrace....................................... 9 Meandering lower Verde River downstream 1 km from Bartlett Dam...................................... 11 Index map showing location and number of topographic maps of field trip stops,

lower Salt River Valley ........................................................................................ . Field trip log map showing locations of stops 1-2 ............................................................. . Field trip log map showing locations of stops 3-6 and 34 .................................................... . Field trip log map showing locations of stops 7-12 ........................................................... . View downstream (west) of Blue Point Terrace scarp ........................................................ . Cumulative-frequency distribution curves for analyses of sediments of modern

floodplain and terraces of the lower Salt River Valley ..................................................... .

14 16-1718-1920-2122

23 Figure 13. Desert pavement study site no. 4 near Thomas and Higley Roads .......................................... . 25

26-27 28 30-3132

Figure 14. Field trip log map showing locations of stops 13-15 and 27-29 ............................................. . Figure 15. Granite Reef Dam on the Salt River; CAP siphon construction ............................................. . Figure 16. Field trip log map showing locations of stops 16-21 .......................................................... . Figure 17. Aerial view of the lower Salt River Valley looking south from Lone Creek to Blue Point .............. . Figure 18. View upstream (east) of lower Salt River, NE Sec. 2, T. 2 N., R. 7 E. Scarp of Blue Point

Figure 19. Figure 20. Figure 21. Figure 22. Figure 23. Figure 24.

Terrace on right in middle ground near river ................................................................ . Aerial view of Saguaro Lake and Stewart Mountain Dam, looking south ................................. . Theodore Roosevelt Dam and Roosevelt Lake on the lower Salt River .................................... . Stewart Mountain Dam and Saguaro Lake on the lower Scilt River ......................................... . Field trip log map showing locations of stops 22-26 .......................................................... . Aerial view of lower Verde River Valley looking west-northwest .......................................... . Block diagram showing alluvial and colluvial deposits shed from the McDowell Mountains

33 34 35 36 38-3940

overlying terrace deposits on the west side of the lower Verde River..................................... 41 Figure 25. Cumulative-frequency distribution curves for analyses of sediments of modem floodplain and

terraces of the lower Verde River Valley .................................................................... . Figure 26. Field trip log map showing locations of stops 29-33 .......................................................... .

41 42-4346Interleaf. Apache Lake and volcanic rocks of the Superstition volcanic field ......................................... .

Article 2

Figure 1. Pinacate volcanic field. This is a portion of a NASA photograph taken from Apollo 6... ... . . . .. .. .. .. .. 48 Figure 2. Sketch map of Crater Elegante . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Figure 3. Geologic relationships exposed in southeastern walls of Crater Elegante as seen

from the center of the crater floor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52-53 Figure 4. Facies map of Elegante surge deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Figure 5. Measured sections of typical sandwave (E-18), massive (E-IE) and planar facies (E-lH) ............ 55 Figure 6. Deflation model of cumulative Elegante surge cloud .......................................................... 55 Figure 7. Compaction of massive bed due to degassing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Figure 8. Normal faults cutting lower parts of the cinder section in the flank of the cone at stop I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Figure 9. Sketch map of Cerro Colorado .................................................................................... 58 Figure 10. Map of radial dunes at Cerro Colorado........... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Interleaf. Landscape of rounded boulders produced by spheroidal weathering of granite

in an arid environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Article 3

Figure 1. View of the Red and White Picachos from the west............................................................ 61 Figure 2. Map showing the distribution of major rock types in the district . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Figure 3. Reconnaissance geologic map of the field trip area............................................................. 63

Figure 4. Low angle fault in the Tertiary sedimentary rocks exposed in San Domingo Wash . .. .. .. . . .. . . .. .. .. .. .. 67 Figure 5. The North Morning Star pegmatite, viewed from the south................................................... 67

Figure 6. Geologic map of the North Morning Star pegmatite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Figure 7. Cross sections through the North Morning Star pegmatite .. .. .. . .. . . .. . .. . . . .. . . .. . .. .. .. .. .. . ... . .. . . . . .. .. . 68

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Figure 8. The White Ridge pegmatite, iewed from the south . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Figure 9. View looking southwest down Mitchell Wash Canyon........................................................ 70 Figure 10. The Lower Jumbo pegmatite viewed from above............................................................... 70 Figure 11. Isometric plate diagram of the Lower Jumbo pegmatite ............... ......... .............. ................. 71 Figure 12. Tourmalinization of host rocks along pegmatite contact, Mitchell Wash Canyon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Article 4

Figure Figure Figure Figure

Figure Figure Figure

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Article 5

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Districution of Yavapai Series and iron-formation in central Arizona....................................... 73 Geologic map of the Pike's Peak iron-formation and associated lithologies................................ 7 4 Various views looking at ridges and associated lithologies of iron formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Photographs showing various laminae, ripple-like features on a bedding plane, fault breccia

and side view of folded cherty iron oxide ..................................................................... 76 Measured stratigraphic section a-f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Measured stratigraphic section g-i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Six thin sections showing the deformation, metamorphism, and recrystallization of

volcanic and sedimentary structures in Pike's Peak iron-formation....................................... 79 Model for the origin of the Pike's Peak iron-formation........................................................ 81

Figure 1. Location map, Sacaton porphyry copper deposit ............................................................... 83

Article 6

Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure

Article 7

Figure Figure

Figure Figure

Article 8

Figure Figure

Article 9

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2. 3. 4.

5. 6. 7. 8.

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Distribution of volcanic rocks associated with the Superstition-Superior field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Detail of the three principal cauldrons............................................................................. 85 Stratigraphic columns............................................................................................... 86 Chemical variation diagrams for volcanic rocks from the Superstition cauldron complex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Location map for field trip stops ................................................... : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Typical textures in the breccia of First Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Map of the pyroclastic surge facies of the Coronado Mesa vent............ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Sections of planar facies (S-1) and sandwave facies (S-7) of pyroclastic surge deposits

at Coronado Mesa.............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

Schematic of rapid-infiltration project below 23rd A venue Sewage Treatment Plant ..................... 98 Infiltration basin with secondary sewage effluent and well on center dike pumping

renovated sewage water from aquifer.......................................................................... 99 Schematic vertical cross section of system in Figure 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Wall of gravel pit northeast of infiltration basins showing sand and gravel layers ......................... 100

Squaw Peak. View from 24th Street and Lincoln Drive, Phoenix ........................................... 101 Preliminary geologic map of a portion of Squaw Peak Park . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

F.igure 1. Map showing distribution of Arizona earth fissures ............................................................ 107 Figure 2. Map showing location of stops on field trip ..................................................................... 108 Figure 3. Line of holes along the trace of earth fissure at stop No. 1 .................................................... 109 Figure 4. Aerial view of fissure gullies at stop No. 2 ...................................................................... 110 Interleaf. A large earth crack located on the south side of Chandler Heights on Hunt Road 1 ¼ miles

east of Powers Road . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Figure 5. Offset along fissure gully at stop No. 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Figure 6. Deep fissure gully at stop No. 3 ................................................................................... 112 Figure 7. Extruded well casing at stop No. 4. The bottom of the concrete pad is 12 inches

above the ground surf ace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Interleaf. Dr. Donal M. Ragan and Ms. Susan Anderson taking initial measurements between nails

driven into asphalt at comer of 76th Street and Albany Street ............................................. 114

Article 10

Figure 1. Geologic map of the Palo Verde site area ........................................................................ 116-117 Figure 2. Stratigraphic chart of the site area ................................................................................. 118 Figure 3. Geologic cross sections through the site vicinity ................................................................ 119

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Figure 4. Geologic cross sec�on through the southern portion of the PVNGS site to the Arlington basalt flow ..................................................................................... 120

Figure 5. Isometric block diagrams of the present ground surface, top of Palo Verde Clay and bedrock surface in the plant site area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

Figure 6. Location map showing route of travel ............................................................................ 122 Figure 7. View from stop 1 to the northwest ................................................................................ 123 Figure 8. View of borrow pit cut exposing Gila River gravels overlain by the Gillespie basalt flow ............... 124 Figure 9. View of road cut exposing basin-fill sediments which are overlain by the Arlington basalt flow ........ 124 Figure 10. View of road cut adjacent to Winters burg Road exposing a Tertiary volcanic flow

sequence with sedimentary interbeds .......................................................................... 125 Figure 11. Generalized tectonic map of Arizona ............................................................................. 126 Figure 12. Earthquake epicenter map of Arizona and adjacent areas...................................................... 128 Interleaf. Spheroidal weathering of coarse-grained granite bedrock in a semiarid environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

Article 11

PARTI

Figure 1. Selected Paleozoic stratigraphic and fossil localities below the Mogollon Rim, central Arizona ................................................................................................... 132

Figure 2. Diagrammatic cross section of the Naco Formation in east-central Arizona. Kohl Ranch columnar section is shown in detail ............................................................. 133

Figure 3. Pennsylvania fauna from Kohl Ranch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134-135 Figure 4. Pennsylvania fauna from Kohl Ranch ............................................................................ 136-13 7

PART II Figure 1. Stratigraphic relations and polarities for basal Cambrian and Devonian strata in central Arizona ....... 139 Figure 2. Equal-area stereographic projection showing mean directions of magnetization for

Cambrian and Devonian strata from northern and central Arizona ........................................ 142 PART III

Figure 1. Stratigraphic section in the Payson area, Arizona .............................................................. 148

Article 12

Figure 1. Sketch geologic map of Canyon Diablo region, Arizona ...................................................... 152 Figure 2. Geologic map of area around Meteor Crater, Arizona ......................................................... 154 Figure 3. Cross sections of Meteor Crater and nuclear explosion craters ............................................... 155 Figure 4. Diagrammatic sketches showing sequence of events in formation of Meteor Crater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Interleaf. Upturned edges of stratified rock on west side of interior of Meteor Crater, Arizona ..................... 162 Interleaf. Upturned edges of stratified rock on southwest side of interior of Meteor Crater .......................... 165

Article 13

PARTI

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

Figure 5. PART II

Figure 1.

Location map of Peridot Mesa and road log for the field trip ................................................. 167 Geologic map of Peridot Mesa area .............................................................................. 168 Pyroclastic surge facies map of Peri dot Mesa... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Schematic diagram illustrating the deflation (loss of gas) of a pyroclastic surge with increasing

time (distance) from the vent ................................................................................... 170 Illustration of four stages of the eruptive history of the Peridot Mesa vent .................................. 171

Location map of alkaline volcanics in the San Carlos area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

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[J

,. Tables

Article 1

Table 1. Tentative correlation of terraces of streams entering the Phoenix Basin...................................... 6 Table 2. Particle size and weight distribution of material at ASU desert pavement site 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Article 3

Table 1. Some minerals from the White Picacho pegmatites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Article 4

Table 1. Comparative chemistry of Pike's Peak and other iron-formations ............................................ 78

Article 6

Table 1. Symbols for map units............................................................................................... 87

Article 13

Table 1. Chemical composition of rocks and minerals from the San Carlos area ...................................... 172

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