SPECIFIC SPECIFIC BODY BODY

DEFENSES: DEFENSES: The The

Lymphatic Lymphatic and and

Immune Immune SystemSystem

A.  FunctionsA.  Functions  1.   Absorption and return of

excess fluid the blood stream

  2.  Absorption of fat (in the villi of the small

intestine) 3.   Immune System Function

I. BasicsI. Basics

B. Composed of B. Composed of 1. LymphLymph – interstitial fluid2. Lymph vesselsLymph vessels a.  Closely associated with circulatory systemb.  Similar to veinsc.  Contraction of skeletal mscl causes movement of lymph fluid through valves

I. Lymphatic System BasicsI. Lymphatic System Basics

B. Composed of B. Composed of 3. Lymph OrgansLymph Organs

a.a. Lymph nodesLymph nodes » Areas of Concentrated

lymphocytes and macrophages along the lymphatic vessels

» Filter lymph

I. BasicsI. Basics

B. Composed of B. Composed of 3. Lymph OrgansLymph Organs

b.b. Bone MarrowBone Marrow produces

lymphocytesc. Spleen Spleen Serves as

Blood reservoirPurifies blood and lymph

I. BasicsI. Basics

B. Composed of B. Composed of 3. Lymph OrgansLymph Organs

c.  Thymus causes pre-T cells to

mature to T-cells d.  Tonsils e.  Pyer’s Patches

I. BasicsI. Basics

A. A. BasicsBasics

1. The body's 3rd line of The body's 3rd line of defensedefense

2.2. Amplifies inflammatory Amplifies inflammatory responseresponse

B. Important AspectsImportant Aspects 1. Antigen specific 2. Systemic 3. Has memory

II. Immune ResponseII. Immune Response

C. C. Kinds of Immune Response Kinds of Immune Response 1. Specific ImmunitySpecific Immunity

a. Antibodies bind only to antigen

b. B-lymphocytesB-lymphocytes – antibody prod.

c. T-lymphocytesT-lymphocytes – produce lymphokines

2.  2.  Nonspecific DefenseNonspecific Defense a. Physical barriers b. Tears c. Phagocytesd. Fever / Inflammation

II. Immune ResponseII. Immune Response

1. Humoral ImmunityHumoral Immunity a. Provided by antibodies in the

bodies humors (fluids) b. AntibodiesAntibodies.

1)    Are produced by lymphocytes

2)    Circulate freely in the blood and lymph

3) Bind primarily to bacteria, toxins, free viruses

inactivates & marks for destruction

D. D. Kinds of Immune ResponseKinds of Immune Response

2. Cell Mediated Immunity Cell Mediated Immunity a. Provided by nonantibody-producing lymphocytes b. Directly attack and lyse body cells.

1)    containing viruses or parasite

2)    Cancer cells3) Foreign grafts

c. Release chemical mediators 1)   enhances inflammatory

resp.2)   Help activate lymphocytes

or macrophages

D. D. Kinds of Immune ResponseKinds of Immune Response

B. B. Natural Killer Cells Natural Killer Cells 1. Similar to the killer T cell Similar to the killer T cell

2. Function as effector cells that directly kill certain tumors and viral-infected cells 3. kill their targets without a prior "conference" in the lymphoid organs.

4.  More efficient if 1st activated by T-cells

III. Cells of the Immune Sys. III. Cells of the Immune Sys.

C. C. B Cells B Cells

1. production of antibodies production of antibodies 2.  Antibody production and binding to a foreign substance or antigen, often is critical as a means of signaling other cells to engulf, kill or remove that substance from the body

III. Cells of the Immune Sys. III. Cells of the Immune Sys.

D. D. Granulocytes or Granulocytes or Polymorphonuclear Polymorphonuclear

(PMN) (PMN) Leukocytes Leukocytes 1. neutrophils neutrophils

2.  Important in the removal of bacteria and parasites

III. Cells of the Immune Sys. III. Cells of the Immune Sys.

E. E. Macrophages and Dendritic Macrophages and Dendritic Cells Cells 1. regulate immune responses regulate immune responses

2.  antigen-presenting cells (APC)3. Functions

Phagocytes Secretion of cytokines Antigen presentation

III. Cells of the Immune Sys. III. Cells of the Immune Sys.

F. F. Dendritic Cells Dendritic Cells

1. antigen-presenting cells

2. More efficient APC than macrophages

3. capture antigen or bring it to the lymphoid organs where an 4. bind high amount of HIV, and may be a reservoir of virus

III. Cells of the Immune Sys. III. Cells of the Immune Sys.

A. A. Active, Passive and Active, Passive and Acquired Acquired ImmunityImmunity

1. Active ImmunityActive Immunity achieved by responses of

ones immune system 2. Passive ImmunityPassive Immunity

achieved with exogenous immune cells or products

III. OTHER III. OTHER

AA. . Active, Passive and Active, Passive and Acquired Acquired Immunity Immunity

3. Acquired ImmunityAcquired Immunitycomes from infection or from a new born’s mothe

4. Artificial Immunity Artificial Immunity comes from immunizations

III. OTHER III. OTHER

CC. . Autoimmune diseases Autoimmune diseases

1. diseases caused by failure of the immune system to recognize “self 2.2. Examples

a.    rheumatoid arthritisrheumatoid arthritis (joints)b.    lupus erythematosuslupus erythematosus

(connective tissue)c.     GravesGraves’’ disease disease (thyroid)

III. OTHER III. OTHER

DD. . AIDS - Immunodeficiency AIDS - Immunodeficiency Syndrome Syndrome

1. Causes death 2.    Caused by Human

Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)3. kills T-4 lymphocytes

4. T-4 lymphocytes induce B-lymphocytes to fight infection

5. Debilitated immune system

III. OTHER III. OTHER

DD. . AIDS - Immunodeficiency AIDS - Immunodeficiency Syndrome Syndrome

6. no cure for HIV

7. HIV infection causes AIDS, and AIDS allows other infections to kill the

person with the HIV infection

III. OTHER III. OTHER

2. Cell Mediated Immunity Cell Mediated Immunity a. Provided by nonantibody-producing lymphocytes b. Directly attack and lyse body cells.

1)    containing viruses or parasite

2)    Cancer cells3) Foreign grafts

c. Release chemical mediators 1)   enhances inflammatory

resp.2)   Help activate lymphocytes

or macrophages

D. D. Kinds of Immune ResponseKinds of Immune Response