Specialised cellsSpecialised cells

Objectives:Objectives:To know different types of To know different types of

cells.cells.To be able to relate To be able to relate

structure to function of structure to function of cells.cells.

Absorbs light energy for photosynthesis

Packed with chloroplasts. Regular shaped, closely packed cells form a continuous layer for efficient absorption of sunlight.

Absorbs water and mineral ions from the soil

Long 'finger-like' process with very thin wall, which gives a large surface area.

Fertilises an egg cell - female gamete

The head contains genetic information and an enzyme to help penetrate the egg cell membrane. The middle section is packed with mitochondria for energy. The tail moves the sperm to the egg.

Contain haemoglobin to carry oxygen to the cells.

Thin outer membrane to let oxygen diffuse through easily. Shape increases the surface area to allow more oxygen to be absorbed efficiently. No nucleus, so the whole cell is full of haemoglobin.

Fat cellsFat cells Human cone Human cone cellscells Root hair cellsRoot hair cells Sperm cellsSperm cells

Have little cytoplasm, Have little cytoplasm, making space for the making space for the fat store.fat store.

Outer segment filled Outer segment filled with visual pigment with visual pigment which chemically which chemically changes in coloured changes in coloured light, reversible light, reversible reaction.reaction.

Root hair to increase Root hair to increase surface area for surface area for osmosis.osmosis.

Long tails with Long tails with muscle-like proteins.muscle-like proteins.

Use little energy so Use little energy so need fewer need fewer mitochondria.mitochondria.

Many mitochondria Many mitochondria needed for the needed for the chemical changes of chemical changes of the visual pigment.the visual pigment.

Large permanent Large permanent vacuole, affecting the vacuole, affecting the movement of water movement of water from the soil across from the soil across the root hair cell.the root hair cell.

Many mitochondria Many mitochondria needed for swimming needed for swimming action.action.

Expandable, up to Expandable, up to 1000 times original 1000 times original size.size.

Electrical impulse Electrical impulse triggered by light triggered by light effects on visual effects on visual pigment crosses the pigment crosses the synapse to optic synapse to optic nerve.nerve.

Positioned close to Positioned close to the xylem tissue that the xylem tissue that carries water up to carries water up to the rest of the plant.the rest of the plant.

Acrosome which Acrosome which stores digestive stores digestive enzymes for breaking enzymes for breaking down the outer layers down the outer layers of the eggof the egg

Large nucleus Large nucleus containing the containing the genetic information genetic information to be passed on.to be passed on.