EducationtorChildrenwithSpecialNeeds

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由pR':S臨 軸 触榔eJSO紬珪岨戚色相dJ払OJPD野IR馳剛 鵬 eJS馳野馳眺ぬljSu脚鵬血cjdloAgJapan'SConstitutionprovidesforthebasicrightofthepeopletoreceiveeducationandlSStatedasfollows:

"AHpeopleshaHhavetherighttoreceiveanequa)educationcorrespondenHotheirability'l'lparagraphcontinues]･"(ArtlCle26)･

InlinewiththisprlnCIPle,ourpoHcleSguaranteeanaPPrOPnateSpecialsupporteducationmeetlngtheindividLlalneedsoFeach

child,regard)essofthenatureorseverityOfthedisability,lnallareasofthiscountry.

Atpresent,about13% ofallchitdl-enreceivespecialeducationservicesinvariousformsincludingtsukyuclasses(resource

rooms)andspecia一classesintheirneighborhoodschools,orspecialschools･Withparticularattentionbeinggiventothetypeand

extentoftheirdisabilities,Weprovidecarefullyplannededucationtodeveloptheircapabilitiestothefullestextentpossibleand

cultivatetheirabilitytoparticIPateindependentlylnallaspectsofsociely･Thus,peopleappreciatethefacHhattheSpecialSuppoII

EducationisaprlmaryCatalystfortheprogresstowardanequalopportunttysocietyforallchildl-enincludingindividualswith

disabil)ties.

ThegovernmentofJapanistakingnecessarymeasurestoadministeJ-Variousactivitiesinthisfieldsuchasteache1-development,

maintainJngandimprovlngschoolfacilities,facilitat川gPeOPle'sawarenessofthefield,aswellas】egJSlativeandfinancialissues･

Meanwhile,thegovelllmentSetuPandadministerstheNationalInstituteofSpecialEducation(NISE)･NISEassiststhegovern-

mentinmakingpoliciesfox.SpecialSupportEducationthroughpL-aCticalresearchandnationwidesurveysINISEdisseminatesout-

comesofreseal-ChstudiestothepLIblicaswell.

aboutSpecia

Howcanteachingbet●theneedsoteachchild

+lnalllocalgovernments,necessaryedu

deteJ'minedthroughasystemonconsultI

lcurriculumdisabilities?

basedonadviceofvarlOuSexperts.

●TheCouI-SeOfStL-dymandatesthedevel

sllido-keikakLI(individLIalteachingplaIIS)eachchild.

theTiontentstobelearnedine

ofStudyisamendedas

●EachscbQOlorganizesdistinctivecurri

n叩alrmentS･ltstlPu-eclandareaorstudy.

hennecessary.u)aInI)newiththe

●IndividLlalTeachingPlanssha‖ bedeve>Joped

col0Perationswiththeparents/CareglVerS.

3

Whatkindofspecialsupportcanbeprovidedine一ementaryandlowersec･●ondaryschoo一s?

+lnregularclasses,Supportsystemshavebeenpreparlngfol'chlldrenandstudentswithLD,ADHD,andotherdLrficulties.

+AccordlngtOtheneeds,eachchildorstudentl-eCeivesoneon

onelessonsorsnlall-grouplessonsForseveralhoursintsukyu

classsetuplnsidetheschooI･

●SpecialclassesForchildrenwithmllddisabjlitiesinregularschoolsprovldecomprehensivespecialsuppoT'tSinaccordancewlththeirindlVldualneeds.

lii_re_ctii_p_S_-fo_rthe_盲1

TheAdvisoryCommitteeon"FutureDirectionsforSpecialEducationjnthe2IstCentury"submitteditsfinalreporttothe

Monbu-kagaku-sho(MinistryofEducation,Culture,Sports,ScienceandTechnology:MEXT).Therepol-lstatedinthesectionfor

BasicConceptsforDeveloplngSpecialEducationforthefutureasfollows:HInlinewiththegovernmentpoHCyForenhanclng

NormaHzationinoursociety,alifelongsupportsystemshallbedevelopedthroughc0-Operationamongeverysectorinsocietyto

promotechildren'sautonomyandparticIPationinallaspectsofsociety.H Beingguidedbytheseconcepts,thereportprovides

severalconcl.eteProposalstobeconsideredsuchas:(1)thepossiblealTlendmentofTheOrderforEnrol-CementOftheSchoolEdu-

cationLawregardingplacementofchlldl.enWithdisabilities;(2)Establishmentofspecialsupportsservicesinregularclassesfor

childl~enWLthspecia一educationalneedssuchasLeaningDisability(LD),Attention-DeficitHyperactivityDisorder(ADHD)and

soon;(3)EstablishnlentOfnewfunctionsofspecialschoolsaslocalspecialeducationcenters;(4)Reconsiderationoftheclass

roommanagementsystern ofspecialclassesandtsLLkyuclasses;(5)Topromoteenrolementintouppersecondaryschoolsand

enrichmentoflife10nglearningofpeoplewithdisabilities;(6)Toencourageprofessionaldevelopmentofpersonnelofspecial

education.

Severalmeasureshavealreadybeenstartedinlinewiththisreport.Atthenationallevel,moreover,theAdvisoryComnlitteeon

theHNationalAgendaforSpecialSupportEducat)OnHhasalreadyorganizedandbeguntodiscussbettersupportforstudentswith

milddisabilitiesincludingLD,ADHDandhighfunctionlngautistics,whoal.eattendingregularclasses,aswellasthefutLLl-erOJe

ofspecialschools.

SupportEducatiolllsachildwithsevereorprofounddis-abilityeligibleforJapan'sschooledu･

仁ationsystem?

chlldthathasaprofoundinteuectualdisabilityormuトLSabILIties,he/ShelSellgLbleforourschoolsystem.Such:n,accordlngtothelrneeds,shallbeedLLCated]noneofecialschoolsincludingschoo一sfortheblind,thedeaf,鷲

1-enWithintellectualdisabilities,chHdrenwithphysICal･iHties,andchjLdrellWithhealthjmpalrmentS.

Kers,insomecases,visithomesorinstimtestoprovidea /tutol.lngeducation.majorhospltals,wehaveschoolsorclassesforhospltal-

＼ A

chHdrenwithhealthproblems･0･00L% oFchildrenareaHowedpostponementofor

exeI叩tlOnf1-0mSCllOOledLICationbecaLlSeOftheirdisabi一ities.

5.Whatsortsofprogramsareavailable

forqualitycommunitylife? .

●ChlldrenlnSPeCialc)assesofeJementaryandlowersecondal-yschooLsJOlnWiththeLrPeerslnregularclasseslnfuHestext-

enLTheytakeLessonsandpartlCJPateschooleventstogetherwhe11eVel.i【isapproprlate･

●Ille】eme11taryalldlowersecondal-ySCllOOIs,chjldIeninregu-larc一assesareencoLLragedt0i-eCeiveopportunitiesforcontactwlthpeoplewllhdLSabilltleS.

●Chi】drenin.specia)schoolsareencPL"-agedtodoakoryLl(e九lchange) acLIVltyWiththeirpeel-SlnI-egularelernental.yandloweI'SeCO-1daryschools･

+UppersecondarydepartnlentSOfspecialschoolsoffeHL-anSi-tlOnProgramstOSupportStudenrs'｣obseek川gaCtlVities.

＼,

6How tomaintainhighstandardsof

●expertiseottheteachingstatt?

●TeachersofspecialeducatlOnarereqLli)-edtohavealicensefot-specialeducatJOninadditiontotheit'basicteachingHcense.

●HighlyspeciaHzedsel'Vicetrain)ngcoursesal'eProvidedbyNISE.

+LocalSpecialEducationCentersinprefectL"-eSandcitleSOffertrainlngPrOgJ-amSaPPrOPrLatelymatchedtoeachrespectivelevelfromLnltlataPPOtntmenHOupwardlevels,

+AHheschooHevel,eachschoolconductsteachers'studymeetl

lngSandcaseconferencesI

LL ＼ ｣^ ＼ 1

7 .Whoconductsneededresearchon

SpecialSupportEducationinJapan?

●NTSEconductsvariouskindsofresearchactivitiesincludingnationwidesurveysthatassistthegovel.nmentinmakingllalionalpolicleSfor.thefuLure･

●Thegovernmentofferもandadministersresearchanddevelop一mentschools,modelprojectsandothersLneveryPrefecturethrough0uHhecoL1Ptry.

●LocaISpecia一EducationCellterS,CollegesandUniversitiesconductresearchonteachingnleLhodsandsurveyresearchrol-

enhancingSpecia一supportEduqatLOP･

L : [/ ＼

ThedawnoIJapa〔1seducatl0nforchlldrenwlthdlSablHleS(Kyolo,"Moaln■■Schoo一1878)

18780日MoalnHSchool(HMoainHstandsfortraininginstituteforthebljndandthedeaf)wasestablishedinKyoto

18860TheSectionfor"Kun-Moain(tJ-ainingillStitutefol-theblindandthedeaf)=wassetupi11theGelleralAffairsBureaL10ftheMollbLISllO(MinistryofEdLICation)

19480Compulsoryeducationrol一ChildrenwithvisualilTIPairlTlentSandhearingdifficultiesinelenlentarydivisionsstarted

195200fficeofSpecialEducationwassetupintheElementary&SecondaryEducationBureau0ftheMonbuhso

19710TheNatiollalInstituteofSpecialEducation(NISE)wasfoLmded

19730NationalKurihamaSchoolforChildrenwithDisabilitieswasfounded(JapanstartedschooJeducationforchildrenwithprofoundandmu)tip】edisabHities)

19790CompulsoryeducatlOnforchildrenwithintellectualdisabiHties,physicaldisabilities,andhealthimpalrmentSStarted

19920TheAdvisoryCommitteeonHtsukyuclasses(resourcerooms)andrelatedissuesHsub一

mitteditsFinalReporttotheMollbusho

19990TheAdvisoryCommitteeon=InterventionforChildrenwithLearningDisab)li一ies

andSinlJIarLearnlngDifficulties"submitteditsFina)ReporHotheMonbusho

2t)010TheAdvisoJ-yConlmitteeon"FutureDirectionsfol･SpecialEducationinthe21stCen-

turyHsubmitteditsFinalReporttotheMonbu-kagaku-sho(theMEXT)

20010TheAdvisoryCommitteeonHNationalAgendaforSpecialSupportEducationHwaslaunClled

lmplementingSpeclaLSupportEducatl0nlnregularclasses(TeamLeachlnglnelementaryschools.2002)

l

2002.9.

SpeciaTSupportEducationDivisionMinistryofEducation,Culture,Sports,ScienceandTechnology(MEXT)

3-2-2KasumlgaSekl,ChJyOda-ku,Tokyo10018959JapanHomepageaddress-http//wwwmextgojp

T h eNationaH nstituteofSp ecia l Education (NISE)

5-1-1Nobi,Yokosuka,Kanagawa239-0841JapanHomepageaddresshttp//www[isegojp

EdltOnalSL{lrr.TsugeT.(NEXT),MLlnakaLaT.Tokun'1g'lY.H)goS.TakedaT.OMgLN(NISE)