Special Stainless Steels for FGC and CCS - · PDF file4529 1.4529 N08926 20.5 24.8 6.5 0.20 45 300 Super Austenitic ... • demister area: demister support ... • The main risks for

www.outokumpu.com

Special Stainless Steels for

FGC and CCS

ATI Milan, 13/4/2011

Dr Pascale Sotto Vangeli, Avesta Research Centre

Eng. Jim Augustsson, Special Plate

Typical chemical composition weight %

Outokumpu EN ASTM Cr Ni Mo N PRE* Rp0.2**

LDX 2101® 1.4162 S32101 21.5 1.5 0.3 0.22 26 450*** Lean Duplex

LDX 2404® 1.4662 S82441 24.0 3.6 1.6 0.27 33 480 Lean Duplex

2304 1.4362 S32304 23.0 4.8 0.3 0.10 26 400 Duplex

2205 1.4462 S32205 22.0 5.7 3.1 0.17 35 460 Duplex

SAF 2507® 1.4410 S32750 25.0 7.0 4.0 0.27 43 530 Super Duplex

4501 1.4501 S32760 25.4 6.9 3.8 0.27 42 530 Super Duplex

4307 1.4307 304L 18.1 8.1 - - 18 200 Austenitic

4404 1.4404 316L 17.2 10.1 2.1 - 24 220 Austenitic

4432 1.4432 316L 16.9 10.7 2.6 - 25 220 Austenitic

904L 1.4539 N08904 20.0 25.0 4.3 - 34 220 Austenitic

254 SMO® 1.4547 S31254 20.0 18.0 6.1 0.20 43 300 Super Austenitic

654 SMO® 1.4652 S32654 24.0 22.0 7.3 0.50 56 450 Super Austenitic

4529 1.4529 N08926 20.5 24.8 6.5 0.20 45 300 Super Austenitic

4565 1.4565 S34565 24.0 17.0 4.5 0.45 46 420 5.5 Mn

Super Austenitic

* PRE = %Cr + 3.3x%Mo + 16x%N** [MPa] Hot rolled plate, min values at 20oC according to EN 10088***Not yet in EN 10088, Rp0.2 according to ASTM A240

Chemical composition and properties

2 | April 13, 2011 | Pascale Sotto Vangeli

Corrosion indicators: PRE and CPTPRE Pitting Resistance EquivalentCPT Critical Pitting Temperature

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0Co

rro

sio

n R

esis

tan

ce,

CP

T t

yp

ical

43

07

LD

X

21

01

®

44

04

23

04

LD

X 2

40

4®

22

05

90

4L

25

07

25

4 S

MO

®

45

65

18 26 24 26 33 35 34 43 43 46 56PRE

Outokumpu 654 SMO® has the highest

PRE value (56). It is completely resistant

to corrosion in standard CPT tests.

65

4 S

MO

®

duplex

austenitic


Characteristics of Outokumpu 654 SMO®

• Outstanding resistance to pitting, crevice and uniform

corrosion

• Extremely high resistance to stress corrosion cracking

• High erosion resistance

• Excellent formability

• Good ductility and toughness

• Almost twice the strength of common austenitic

stainless steels

• Price advantage alternative to Ni-base alloys

• Price stablility compared to Ni-based alloys

Excellent choice when superior

corrosion resistance and high

mechanical properties are required


Corrosion indicators: CCT tests

Crevice corrosion: laboratory and field tests to compare Outokumpu 654

SMO®

at least as resistant as C-276 to crevice corrosion in oxidizing, high-

chloride solutions


Duplex and austenitic grades

500

4404

Corrosion resistance

Yield Strength

Rp0.2 [MPa]

2304

2205

2507

254SMO®

4301

250

750

904L

LDX 2101®

LDX 2404 TM

4439

4565 654SMO®

C-276


duplex

austenitic

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

LDX 2101 weigth saving

potential to 304L

2205 weigth saving

potential to 316L

Weigth saving potential

Structural efficiency –utilize strength of duplex grades

Cylinder with internal

pressure

Hollow section

loaded in bending

Plate loaded in

bending

Local buckling


18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

012 10 8 6 4 2 0

[m]

LDX 210143.5 ton

[mm]

430161.5 tonBenefits:

• Weight reduction

• Improved cost efficiency • Material cost• Initial investment cost• Maintenance cost• Life Cycle Costing

• Increased service life

Duplex potential weight saving:~30%

Case: Duplex as substitute

for austenitic in storage tank


Flue Gas Desulfurization System


Economical concept in absorbers

4565

254 SMOSAF 25072205904L317LMN

Incre

asin

g C

orr

osio

n R

esis

tan

ce

adjust transitions

accordingto operatingconditions

654SMO™


Guideline for material selection in FGD applications

• Different colours represent different operating conditions in term of acidity and

Cl-/F- concentration.

• Based on long-term industrial experience, field and laboratory testing.

• Other factors such as design, processing of material, workmanship, etc. will also have an influence on the materials behaviour.

La Spezia, Italy 2001

• quencher recycle: shell plates,

floor plates, spray pipes and

other internals (sieves, sparger

pipes, ...)

1.4565 / UNS 34565

• flue gas entry:

2.4819 / alloy C-276

• absorber recycle: box ring girder

top side, shell plates, spray pipes

1.4565 / UNS 34565

• gas outlet: wall plates

1.4439 / 317L

• demister area: demister support

structure and wall plates

1.4565 / UNS 34565

• collection bowle area: collection

bowl, discharge pipe, bowl plates,

box ring girder bottom side

1.4565 / UNS 34565

• chloride

- max 30 000 ppm Cl-

in quencher recycle


in absorber recycle

- 20 000 ppm

in demister area (during

demister cleaning with

sea water)

• acidity:

- quencher pH 3,5 – 5 / 4,5

- absorber pH 5 – 6,4 / 6

• temperature: 5 – 50 / 42,5°C

• chloride


in quencher recycle


in absorber recycle

- 20 000 ppm

in demister area (during

demister cleaning with

sea water)

• acidity:

- quencher pH 3,5 – 5 / 4,5

- absorber pH 5 – 6,4 / 6

• temperature: 5 – 50 / 42,5°C


FGC applications

Spray system in 1.4565Abb.: Fisia Babcock

Absorber module in 2205Abb.: Babcock & Wilcox



� Flue gas cleaning austenitic & duplex� Solvent separation systems

Amine standard or lean duplex� Cryogenic applications 304L, 201LN

� Tubes & pipeshigh pressure piping, PSA duplex

Compressors part?

Pipe lines

� High temperature material

Burners, casing, cyclones,

supports, tube protection 153 MA, 253 MA, 304H, 321H

� Standard gradesInternals, heat exchangers, piping standard

� Clad material

Solid or cladding solutions standard or duplex

CCS - stainless opportunities

� Flue gas cleaning austenitic & duplex� Solvent separation systems

Amine standard or lean duplex� Cryogenic applications 304L, 201LN

� Tubes & pipeshigh pressure piping duplex

Compressors part ?

High temperature material

Burners, casing, cyclones,

supports, tube protection 153 MA, 253 MA, 304H, 321H

� Standard grades

Internals, heat exchangers, piping� Clad material

cladding solutions standard or duplex

Cooperations

• Vattenfall, Sweden - Germany

• Siemens, USA

• Doosan Power Systems, UK

• Alstom Power, Germany

• Hitachi Power Europe, Germany


• Environments in wet cleaning systems are hard to predict

and can be very aggressive. Need of corrosion resistant grades.

• There are large variations in environments between

different plants and different locations within plants.

Material selection has to be done for each plant/application individually.

• The main risks for stainless steel are pitting and crevice

corrosion. The following ranking applies:

316L < 317L~904L~2205 < 2507~254SMO

< 4565 < 654SMO

Conclusions FGC


• By choosing the correct stainless steel grade, it is possible

to meet a wide range of demands on corrosion resistance.

• Need to test in the demanding environments to select the

most suitable grade.

• Utilize the strength of the duplex in big amine towers. Tools

on www.outokumpu.com.


Conclusions CCS

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[email protected]

[email protected]

Documents

Special Stainless Steels for FGC and CCS - · PDF file4529 1.4529 N08926 20.5 24.8 6.5 0.20 45 300 Super Austenitic ... • demister area: demister support ... • The main risks for