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INSTRUMENTATION AUTOMATION SURVEILLANCE COMMUNICATION

June 2017, Issue : 11

Special Water Resource Management

Sharda Prasad Committee Report and its Impact on Skill Ecosystem

Skill Power, June 2017 19

Narora Barrage

Bhimgoda Barrage Haridwar

Bhimgoda Barrage Haridwar

As all of us are celebrating the momentous occasion of the 3rd

anniversary of NDA Government under the leadership of Prime

Minister Sh. Narendra Modi in many ways across the country, we

have another event to celebrate in this fortnight: “National

Workshop on Automation & Emerging Skill Requirements for Water

Resource Management” to be held on 14th June, 2017 at Pune.

The objective of the workshop is to discuss the latest technology

available in Instrumentation & Automation field for effective Water

Resources Management & to assess the need of the skilled human

resource required for successful implementation of technology

(Instrumentation, Automation) in Dam Automation, Data

Monitoring Stations, Dam Safety (installation of specialized sensors),

Hydro Surveys and related fields.

There is huge skill gap in the area of installation support needed to

users, manufactures and system integrators. With the joint efforts of

representatives from Ministry of Water Resources, World Bank,

CWPRS, NWA and inputs from State Irrigation Departments and

industry experts, we will be able to identify the technology job roles

required for executing the projects.

Team IASC Sector Skill Council cordially invites your organization to

participate in above workshop and contribute to the exchange of

knowledge in fruitful ways.

We are dedicating this issue to the “Workshop” and wishing its grand

success.

Warm Regards

Renu Agrawala

June 2017, Issue : 11

EDITOR-IN-CHIEFNagendra Goel

MANAGING EDITOR Renu Agrawala

SENIOR EDITORAshok Bhatacharya

GUEST WRITERSA K ChatterjeeDr Jayanta K SahaKumar NatarajanShubhankar Kapoor

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COPY EDITORGautam Pal

CONTENTS


6Narora Barrage Automation a Step Towards Sustainable Water Resource Management

10Rapid Implementation of Irrigation Projects Using Rubber Dams

12Hydrosurveyor Enables Rapid Reservoir Surveys

16A City Cannot Be Truly Smart Without Smart Water Infrastructure

18Sharda Prasad Committee Report and itsImpact on Skill Ecosystem

26Smart Integrated Water Resource Management Challenges And Solutions

31Emerging Skills for Automation of Water Resource Management

32News & Events

Narora Barrage AutomationA Step towards Sustainable Water Resource Management

[This article is based on the presentation given at the 'Workshop on Integrated Water Management for Irrigation Networks and Floor Management - International Best Practices: 21 - 22 January 2016' at Lucknow organized by the Irrigation Department of UP with support from the World Bank]

Nagendra GoelChairman, BIPS Groups of [email protected]

Efficient and optimal management of water resources is a critical need for India. Technology can play an important role in addressing these challenges. This

requires a distributed network of sensors and control elements which provide visibility into the resource availability, its quality, consumption pattern and trends as well as impact of the environment and ecology. By adopting an appropriate architecture and supporting technologies, it is possible to design a system that gathers real-time data that can be used for policy based control of the resources and to build an empirical model for efficient utilization of resources and forecasting.

In this article, we describe an implementation of a modern real time monitoring and control system for water resource management at Narora, UP. The experience will help in building efficient systems for other water projects in the state and elsewhere.

Problem Definition and Opportunities for Improvement

At the State level, hydrological studies are required to be undertaken to get a true picture of the availability of water

from different sources such as rivers, lakes, reservoirs, underground sources and rainwater. However, discrete points in time measurements do not provide a true picture, as there are significant variations in the volume and flow over a period of time.

Real-time monitoring of resources, both on the surface and underground, is therefore necessary to get a dynamic view of the resources. Moreover, the monitoring has to happen over a grid which is fine enough for the required resolution. The choice of the grid depends on the geographic location of the resource.

The Irrigation Department has over the years put certain monitoring equipment in place. These are by and large simple meters and of mechanical and electronic types which are read periodically by the department staff and entered into logbooks. Manual calculation of discharge is then performed based on empirical formula which utilizes the physical dimensions of the channels and the level of the water. While it serves the purpose of getting a first order estimate of the discharge, several limitations are faced, primarily relating to point in time measurements and

Skill Power, June 20176

assumptions regarding stability of the physical characteristics of the channels. Three areas may be considered:

a. First one would be the real time measurement of parameters using appropriate sensors, so as to build a complete and timely information about the resources. This can be augmented with automated control of the discharge gates, based on policies to ensure optimal sharing to balance demand and supply. Different water resources can be monitored individually and the information can be shared in real time with a Command Center strategically located to get a complete perspective of the state and to coordinate the management.

b. Second would be the better understanding about the needs and aspirations of farmers and other stakeholders. This can be done by reaching out to them and making them part of plans and implementations of our work modules.

c. And the third one would be the long term perspective about sustainability, based on a better understanding of environment and its interaction with all stakeholders.

In this article we will look at the first concern and share our experience through a real life example of automation, while the other perspectives would be shared in forthcoming issues.

The Solution – Real Time Data Acquisition and Control

Complete and timely information about resources can be enabled by technology. As an example, we will discuss the automation of Narora Barrage on the Ganga.

Uttar Pradesh is rich in natural water resources - with abundance of rain and snow fed rivers flowing through it, abundant rainfall in most areas and groundwater availability at shallow depths. It is also the first state to have started commissioning of a network of reservoirs, canals and irrigation systems as early as nineteenth century. Today, the state of Uttar Pradesh can boast to have the largest network of irrigation system in the world. However, ironically, UP happens to have the lowest farm productivity measured in terms of agricultural produce harvested per mega liter of irrigation water consumed. Obviously, there are inefficiencies in the overall system at all levels, which includes lack of sufficient real time information about the availability of water from all resources and its demands in different geography, lack of accurate climate and weather forecasting models & data and lack of timely information and expert guidance to the farmers about the crops that can be sown at different times, inputs required and the amount of irrigation needed.

Narora Barrage is situated on the river Ganga near the city of Anupshahr in district Bulandshahar. It was commissioned in the year 1966. It has 54 spillways and

seven under sluice gates. It is designed for 14,165 Cumec. The length of Barrage and Anicut is 922.43m. Its pond level is 178.9m. The barrage has served a very useful purpose of irrigation and providing water for the Narora Atomic Power Plant for over 50 years. However, lack of real time data and the difficulty of operating the ageing control gates manually was being felt by the department. Hence, it was decided to modernize the barrage with the help of World Bank funding.

The automation of Narora Barrage is a step towards a systematic implementation of real-time data acquisition and control, using state of the art Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition System (SCADA), telemetry and information management system. The Barrage Monitoring System planned by the UP Irrigation Department and being implemented BIPS Limited, will monitor the level, flow and discharge of water in the river Ganga at Narora and control the discharge to two side canals and downstream river as required. The real time information will be available at the command center at Lucknow. A database of real time and historical information will evolve over time which can be used for modelling the supply and demand patterns and to develop optimal utilization strategies. It will be easy to extend the scope of such monitoring to other locations in the state and also to include other use cases and parameters such as ground water level monitoring, soil moisture sensing, plant moisture sensing, water quality sensing, environment monitoring, suspended particles and silt monitoring etc.

At Narora we can see the architecture of a sustainable water resource monitoring and utilization system being laid for the entire state which would take into account the available resources, the demand from users and the market, together with plans, forecasts and funds from public and private resources. In order to make this succeed, we must facilitate the participation of end users and diverse industry and departmental agencies in establishing a flexible, scalable and sustainable information system architecture.

Figure 1: Narora Barrage – A perspective view with automation element


n Execution by BIPS Limited, New Delhi. n This project monitors the level, flow and discharge of

water in the river Ganga at Narora and controls the discharge to two side canals and downstream river as required.

n Monitoring of water level up/down stream (07 nos.) using radar based sensors.

n Monitoring of level on side channels and detection of obstruction.

n Flow velocity, discharge measurement and current profiling using ADCP (boat mounted).

n Automated control Discharge Gates (61 nos.) using PLC based motor drive with soft start.

n Gear and Transmission design and implementation for gate control.

Real Time Monitoring of Narora Barrage: Key features

COMPONENT

n SCADA system for real-time monitoring of water level and flow and for on demand gate control.

n Data telemetered to command centre in Lucknow using VSAT / broadband communication.

n Surveillance of the barrage with security cameras and LED lighting.

n The system is designed for 24 x 7 availability with full solar (for monitoring) and diesel generator backup.

The Narora Barrage Automation System ushers a new era of technology adoption in the UP Irrigation Department which will enable hard data collection and efficient monitoring and control of statewide water resources through standards based, OPC compliant distributed systems.

Radar type level sensor. Connected to control room using fiber optic cables.

is a hydroacoustic current meter similar to a sonar, which is used to measure water current velocities over a depth range using the Doppler effect of sound waves scattered back from particles within the water column.

Ultrasonic Flow meter

Solar Panels with charge controller and battery

Has connectivity with the Command Center at Lucknow via high reliability

Backed up by solar panels and diesel generator for uninterrupted 24 x 7 operation.

Control Gates, 61 nos.Motorized, with position feedback. Auto/Manual control. Can be viewed remotely from the control room through

DESCRIPTION


Ashok BhattacharyaTechnical AdvisorInstrumentation Automation Surveillance & Communication Sector Skill [email protected]

Irrigation projects form an essential part of water resource management. While large dams and canal networks form the backbone of the irrigation system of a

state or the country, there are vast areas of land which remain uncovered by such systems for various reasons. Some of these areas have been brought under minor irrigation schemes which utilize the underground water which is pumped into local channels. However, there are significant areas which fall into the semi-arid and arid zones or in the 'dark zones' where subsoil water table has fallen below levels which can be productively pumped or have totally dried. For such areas, there are still opportunities to retain the storm and the rainwater and utilize these judiciously. These areas are generally located in remote, harsh terrains where the infrastructure is lacking and simple, quick solutions are sought which can be implemented with modest local budgets to serve a relatively small community. The traditional building of dams and related infrastructure for irrigation is a relatively long and expensive process. For such applications, rubber dams provide a very attractive alternative which merits serious considerations from planners and funding agencies.

From the perspective of skill development, Rubber Dams would open a new area of specialization for technicians, supervisors and engineers with multidisciplinary skills, especially in rural areas.

RUBBER DAMSRapid Implementation of Irrigation Projects using

Brief History of Rubber Dams

Rubber dams are inflatable structures made of a rubber-

coated fabric sheets which are shaped in tubular form,

which can be laid on and fixed to concrete foundation

structures using anchor bolts and plates. The rubber tube is

sealed on the sides and again anchored to the concrete side

walls. The rubber tube has openings at the bottom which

connect to an air pump through underground piping. The

rubber tube can be inflated by pumping air or water inside

the rubber body until the design height or pressure is

reached. It is deflated by allowing the air or water inside the

body so that it rises and creates a barrier for the water. This

creates a dam whose height can be controlled by inflating

or deflating the tube.

The first inflatable rubber dam was built in Los Angeles

County in the USA in the 1950s. It was hugely popularized

by the Bridgestone Company of USA which also produced

this in Japan and over a thousand dams were constructed

using this technology in the past sixty years. Rubber dams

are thus a proven technology and have been very usefully

employed in numerous projects of small, medium and

large size. This technology is now available from many

companies worldwide.


Salient Features

• Sloping embankment, reduces stress.

• Anchor bolts buried into concrete foundation hold the rubber bag in position.

A typical Implementation of Rubber Dam

• Operation

• Automatic Water Level Control in Rubber Dam

In Summary

Rubber dams are a low cost, practical and 'Smart' solution for modern water resource management. These can be designed, built and installed in remote and difficult terrains with ease and requiring no special civil works or construction equipment. Sizes can vary widely – up to 3 meter height and width of 10 to 100m single span. Life spans of 15-20 years are typical, with water filled types providing even higher useful life. Maintenance is low – essentially removing accumulated silt and debris upstream. Operating equipment is simple and relatively maintenance free.

Rubber Dams would provide skill development opportunities for technicians, supervisors and engineers with multidisciplinary skills in rural areas.

Types of Rubber Dams

a. Air inflated Rubber Dams (most common, simple, inexpensive).

b. Water filled Rubber Dams (keeps the rubber body cool, longer expected life in very hot climate).

c. Finned Rubber Dam: eliminates vacuum underneath the dam, reducing vibration and wearing out of the rubber bladder. Better aesthetic look – suits for recreation parks/tourism.

Advantages of Rubber Dams

Inflatable rubber dams have numerous advantages over other types of water control gate, such as:• simple and inexpensive operation and control system,

no gates.• can be customized for any channel cross-section

shape.• low capital cost, low time to install, simple and minimal

concrete structure.• good sealing, no leakage.• no moving parts in the main dam, virtually

maintenance free (i.e. no repainting).• can have single spans over 100m, with total width of

over a kilometer. No lower limit.• heights of up to 3 meters are common. • light structure and no special heavy duty construction

equipment needed.• pneumatic or water operation, no environmental

impact (e.g. no oil spill).• fail proof opening (simple deflation), no of jamming

mechanical parts.• factory built, with proper quality control. Easily

transported and assembled.

Filling Water Filling Air

Water filled rubber dam :Lower temperature of

bladder, extends its service life in hot environments

Air inflated rubber dam:Easy to implement and use,do not freeze in cold weather

Ultrasonic liquid level sensors

Upstream

Pipes

Deflatingvalve

Controlcabinet

Inflatingvalve

Blower

Downstream

Operation of Rubber Dam

When water level rises above preset value, tube pressure increases, system issues command to deflate.

Deflation valve opened can deflate fully in 30mts.

Dam begins to inflate(full inflation in 30mts.)

when water level low,inflate command issued.

1 2

3 4

outside anchor parts

Inside anchor parts

Details outside anchor parts

Details inside anchor parts


Bathymetric surveys are increasingly becoming an integral part of the hydraulic studies that has to be performed on a regular basis. Detailed bathymetry

data is useful in estimating zones of sediment aggradation and degradation in rivers and reservoirs (with implications to reservoir sustainability), tracking channel and bar migration, and for setup and calibration of numerical models. Numerical models of river hydraulics, sediment transport, and vegetation growth and mortality are used to predict river conditions over a range of flows. These models depend on accurate channel bathymetry and flow velocity data.

Using modern acoustic depth-sounding instruments and GPS equipment mounted to a floating raft, a small team of hydraulic engineers can map the bathymetry of 50 or more river miles in a matter of days. The newest generation of

acoustic Doppler current profilers like Sontek HydroSurveyor ADCP, has up to five acoustic beams acquiring spatially distributed samples of water depth, thus greatly increasing the resolution and quality of the data without any increased man-hours in the field. After the field data-acquisition process is complete, post-processing and integration of data is necessary in order to glean physically-relevant information. The process of relating ADCP data to data from the GPS receiver is unnecessarily time-consuming. This process is commonly performed using GIS tools, and requires approximately a day of processing time per day of field data-acquisition for typical bathymetric studies.

But with the modern technology, simple sediment surveys can be completed in a fraction of the time required using these older methods and with a higher degree of accuracy.

Hydrosurveyor Enables Rapid Reservoir Surveys Rajiv BhatiaXylem Analytics [email protected]


The new SonTek HydroSurveyor along with an integrated RTK GPS mounted all on a floating platform along with the Hypack Survey tool and the Castaway CTD is a complete package for the Sedimentation surveys.

Reservoir capacity survey along with the inflow data is essential for having more representative evaluations of the rate of siltation for updating the area-capacity relationship and to provide reliable criteria for studying the consequence of the annual loss of storage over a certain period of time with particular reference to decline of investment benefits in the form of irrigation potential, power generation, flood abortion capacity and water supply for domestic and industrial use.

Survey Method

The conventional method of conducting sedimentation surveys in the reservoirs involves the use of conventional equipment's e.g. theodolite, plane table, sextant, range finders, sounding rods, echo-sounder and slow moving boat etc. Later with the advanced system such as the DGPS for the Positioning System, Echo Sounder for the Depth Measuring Units and a computer system for Plotting the data assisted the survey to be carried out in an efficient manner. A boat equipped with the bathymetric equipment, the GPS system mounted on board and a lap-top computer is used for bathymetric survey while its reference station is positioned in a known geographical benchmark.

Now with the advanced SonTek Hydro Surveyor M9 – not only bathymetry data can be collected but also the full water column velocity mapping data is collected. The HydroSurveyor is built around user-friendly software, with automatic data gridding and interpolation. Full water column velocity mapping combined with SonTek's exclusive 5-beam depth sounding and acoustic bottom tracking (for boat positioning when GPS is lost) provides a reliable, complete survey solution within a single package.

The HydroSurveyor is an "all in one" survey solution. The transducers, echosounder, processing electronics, and compass/tilt sensor are all in one integrated hardware unitwith integrated firmware and PC software. SonTek also

provides an integrated RTK GPS option along with the H y d r o S u r v e y o r , HydroSurveyor also gives water column velocity and SOG (speed over ground). With the HydroSurveyor both bottom tracking as well as GPS are used for tracking. The system references all water velocity data to bottom-tracking only and it references all boat position

data to GPS only. Position data is used to calculate the boat's track and speed over ground. If GPS is lost (e.g. when going under a bridge), the system will automatically switch to using bottom-tracking for position as well, until GPS is recovered.

The Hydro-Surveyor

The HydroSurveyor is a system designed to collect bathymetric, water column velocity profile, and acoustic bottom tracking data as part of a hydrographic survey. The two key components of the system are the HydroSurveyor Acoustic Doppler Profiler (ADP®) platform, and the powerful, yet user-friendly, data collection software. With the HydroSurveyor platform, SonTek is able to offer an exclusive 5-beam depth sounding device, with built-in navigation, full water column velocity (currents) profiling, full compensation for speed of sound (with the CastAway-CTD), and integrated positioning solution.

The HydroSurveyor is a highly sophisticated system which includes 5-beam depth sounding, water velocity profiling and navigation capabilities. When mounted in the ARC boat, the HydroSurveyor scans the reservoir as it is guided across the water's surface.Recorded data is then analyzed by HydroSurveyor software to produce accurate depth measurement in addition to bathymetry maps of the entire water body. With a small amount of post-processing in GIS or 3-D CAD, an accurate water volume can be determined. ARC-Boat is a remote controlled boat that was developed by HR Wallingford and employs SonTek-proprietary Acoustic Doppler Profiler (ADP®) technology. There are several other remote controlled boat package available for the HydroSurveyor. The Hydrosurveyor can also be deployed on a user supplied motor boat.

As the regulatory requirement to assess United Kingdom reservoirs and lakes expands to include smaller bodies of water, SonTek's new HydroSurveyor system has been configured into a remote control boat so that hydrometric data can be obtained quickly, simply, safely and accurately.

Craig Goff, a reservoir Supervising Panel Engineer and dam specialist at HR Wallingford has used the ARC-Boat in a trial project to assess five reservoirs and said,

The Hydrosurveyor software provides detailed information as the survey progress


“this new method offers tremendous advantages over traditional manned boat techniques because it is faster, safer, more environmentally friendly and involves fewer staff and resources. All of this combines to mean that it saves a great deal of time and money. This is particularly important because the Flood and Water Management Act 2010 will necessitate the volumetric assessment of many water bodies that have previously been below the threshold and therefore outside of the ambit of the Reservoirs Act 1975."

Reservoir Regulations

As a result of residential and industrial development in recent decades, the levels of risk associated with many UK reservoirs has changed, and the Flood and Water Management Act 2010 has amended the Reservoirs Act 1975 to bring a more risk-based approach to reservoir regulation.

The 2010 Act seeks to achieve this by:

1. reducing the capacity at which a reservoir will be regulated, from 25,000m3 to 10,000m3 ;

2. requiring all Undertakers with reservoirs over 10,000m3 to register their reservoirs with the Environment Agency;

3. ensuring that only those reservoirs assessed as high risk are subject to full regulation.

The reservoir sections of the 2010 Act are dependent upon the development of secondary legislation which is likely to specify the reservoir capacity above which water bodies will be regulated. Regardless, the Flood and Water Management Act 2010 has clearly generated an urgent need for reservoir assessment and the application of H y d r o S u r v e y o r f o r r e s e r v o i r bathymetry is promising.

Data Management

Nick Martin, a SonTek Application Specialist at Xylem Analytics UK said,

"the HydroSurveyor is unique because it is the only product on the market that is able to make realtime corrections for thermoclines, saline stratification and the effects of boat pitch and roll."

User-friendly software provides a central recording and processing platform that enables users to develop bathymetric maps, using properly gridded data points - a function that is automated and fully embedded in the software.

"Another one of the great advantages of the HydroSurveyor is its seamless integration with the CastAway-CTD for sound speed compensation of depth and current data. When used together, the data are interpolated in space and time to

ensure high quality surveys" said Martin.

In addition to the smaller reservoirs that will have to be surveyed, larger reservoirs will be able to take advantage of the new technology to assist in operations such as the creation of sedimentation models. These models inform strategies to prevent capacity depletion and to extend the lives of reservoirs through flushing, excavation, dredging etc. Similarly, ARC-Boat surveys can be employed around submerged hydropower or draw off pipe intakes to assess sedimentation levels – a vitally important role because sediment can seriously damage turbines, or influence operation of scour pipes or water supply draw off pipes from reservoirs.

As a result of the Flood and Water Management Act 2010, the owners of small reservoirs will need to prove whether their water bodies are affected by the amended Reservoirs Act 1975, by determining an accurate volume figure for their reservoirs. Typically, this will include landowners, farmers and organizations such as the National Trust. However, the development of the ARC-Boat with the HydroSurveyor system means that such work is now faster, safer and significantly lower in cost. This is good news for the owners of smaller reservoirs for whom any survey cost is a new cost.

As a result of residential and industrial development in

recent decades, the levels of risk associated with many UK

reservoirs has changed

Arc Remote Control Boat In Operation

2-dimensional Map Of a Reservoir Following a Survey

3-dimensional map of a reservoir following a Hydrosurveyor Survey


1966-2016

Goldenjubileeyear

techeo nG ical, Structural and Envi sro nn om tie lunt oa Sl M gon rinito

Civilization is growing at an alarming pace with which industrialization and urbanization also have been gathering pace resulting in enormous pressure on

freshwater resources. This shall therefore put direct pressure on our most valuable resource which is water; necessary for sustainability of life.

Water comes from various sources like rain, underground aquifers, rivers, ice melts, etc. Storage and treatment of raw water is where technology needs to play the role so that it is easily available for all. There are many aspects to water infrastructure ranging from efficient plant operation, pumping optimization, asset management, power usage, leak detection, contaminants detection to sensor technology, automation devices, data analytics software and control systems. Several research reports have emphasized on upgrading the world's water infrastructure with innovative and smarter technology.

Today the freshwater scenario across the globe doesn't look very promising and is only bound to become more severe in future. Water is increasingly being viewed as a strategic resource and not just mere life-supporting resource and if India can deploy suitable technology to treat water, it could significantly expand its water supply and as better water means better public health and economic development. Water needs to be appropriately managed to meet the challenges of ensuring its availability to all people across the globe in reasonable quantities.

Challenges

According to a report by Planning commission of India, in cities with a population of over 100,000, only 73 percent of people were getting sufficient water for consumption. More than half the water was lost in distribution due to factors like leaking pipes. Data from India's Urban Development Ministry states that at least 30 of 35 big cities have much less water than they need, leaving their

inhabitants to deal with daily shortages. Urban local bodies are cash starved. Sewage treatment plants and waste disposals are absent in most Indian cities. E waste is an issue of major concern.

“Water for all” needs to become the new mantra and authorities should take adequate steps to provide available clean drinking water for all citizens; ensuring there are adequate water treatment and wastewater management plants; available water supply, both for potable and non-potable use.

How Schneider Electric can help

Schneider Electric helps customers reduce operating costs, while simultaneously meeting the challenges of water quality, sustainable development and stringent regulations. In such a scenario, energy consumption is the core challenge that helps address the other issues, since it accounts for 30% of such facilities' operating costs. These costs can be controlled by making processes more efficient. For example, leakage, waste and carbon emissions all indicate that the processes have scope for improvement. Even when efficiencies are maximised, operating costs can still be high. The most effective, most efficient and most sustainable solution then lies in managing and optimizing energy usage.

While the above problems seem like a major challenge, we believe these denote immense opportunities too. Because the bigger the challenges, the bigger the opportunities. There is a lot the country can and should do to become a wiser steward of its water resources. First among these must be creating adequate treatment infrastructure. By 2030, water demand in India will grow to almost 1.5 trillion cubic metres with supply at approximately 740 billion cubic metres. This gap will need to be bridged by several initiatives primary of which should be Private-public partnerships (PPP) since the government cannot carry out a

Skill Power, June 201716 Skill Power, June 201716

Pankaj MishraSchneider ElectricSegment Head Water & Waste Water [email protected]

task of such multitude on its own and will require the private sector to also chip in. However the government shall need to provide incentives to the private sector for active participation

Significantly, Schneider Electric has longstanding global expertise in both the water industry and energy management. Based upon this, solutions are designed for water and wastewater treatment. These are powered by EcoStruxure™ – an Active Energy Management Architecture. One such customised water-wastewater solution is the simple, ready-to-go, scalable Energy Optimization System. This Energy Management Information System (EMIS) helps manage and optimize customers' energy at the plant level and across multiple plants and/or sites. EMIS can save utilities up to 5% just by making real-time energy intelligence available to operators and managers. This intelligence is actionable and can help find ways of cutting operating costs by up to 25%. On average, energy consumption can account for up to 30% of a site's operating costs. Based upon its modular design, the Energy Optimization System allows customers to utilize only the functions they need. Later, as energy management needs and investment capacities evolve, these can be scaled up.

Saving Costs

In 2013, Schneider Electric also introduced StruxureWare For Water – a new software suite to help water and wastewater utilities reach operational excellence and save up to 30% energy by giving full visibility into energy, operation and process control across the entire water cycle. StruxureWare for Water is open, scalable and easy to

incorporate into third-party and legacy systems. In real-time and from plant floor to top floor, it transforms massive amounts of data into meaningful information to all stakeholders, enabling the utility to make informed decisions and take decisive action

The software seamlessly integrates all process control in the water or wastewater infrastructure – from electrical distribution and motor and pump control, to chemical and biological treatment, filer consoles, safety and energy monitoring. By combining real-time water network data, historical analyses and hydraulic modelling, StruxureWare for Water helps reduce operation costs and service interruptions while maintaining consistent water pressure, flow and improving water quality. This software suite is a big leap in how water is managed across wide geographic areas, since it allows water managers to garner data points about how energy is being used to move water and how this energy can be used more effectively.

According to WaterAid India, “The paradigm for water supply is to grab as much from wherever possible, while laying insufficient, leaky pipeline networks and not monitoring usage or billing .This must change to maximise supply from local resources such as surface water, rainwater and groundwater.

Looking at the challenges, technological and policy innovation would be the key to success. India's investment in water and sanitation, including treatment systems, is still low but has increased over the past decade but if India is to ensure overall progress, it must manage its water resources efficiently and this is only possible if we take wastewater treatment seriously.


Nagendra [email protected]

Sharda Prasad Committee Report and its Impact on Skill Ecosystem

At the outset, IASC SSC wishes to congratulate Government of India for their committed approach towards sustainable skill development to make India Skill Capital of the world. In line of the above approach, MSDE constituted Sharda Prasad Committee (SPC) for rationalisation of SSC's. Though the SPC has done a commendable job analyzing and recommending many practical implementable recommendations but somewhere on the way one gets the impression that the SPC missed out to visualize future dynamic Industrial scenario and relevance of some of the sector councils in the evolving Industrial landscape.

Major Recommendations and Views

Every developed country has got a well defined National Vocational Education and Training System. However, in India we have not been able to put in place a sound National Vocational Education and Training System, which is aspirational and provides every youth an opportunity to opt for a career in vocational field. The committee therefore, recommended that the Government should create a sound National Vocational Education and Training System whereas experts have been advocating that the entire system of education - the formal as well as vocational needs to be reviewed. A review of the current education system as a whole will reveal that the education provided by and large has little relevance for the society, industry, and the economy. There is immense amount of resource, effort and time invested in education which is not creating a productive and adaptive workforce for the country. Setting up of a new system such as National Vocational Education and Training System will not produce any better results until we understand the shortcomings of the current system of education and correct these. Unless those lacunaes are addressed, it is unrealistic to expect that the parallel system of vocational training will be able to deliver better results.

Government does not provide any usable statistics, guidance and forecasts of the trends in the economy and the industry to parents and aspiring individuals. Neither does the industry provide any meaningful data. The demand side knowledge is vague and over projected by the exploiters – as a result the capacities are built but the product can't be utilized. Skill development has to tie up with the economic development and real demand.The education and skill development must take this demand into picture and make the human resource projections accordingly.

It is also faulted logic that getting a so called higher degree should provide better career growth. There are millions of people with bachelor, masters and even PhD degrees who can neither communicate nor able to do justice to their jobs. What is needed is that the society realizes the dignity of labor and compensates people according to the value they add to the society and the social respect and recognition they deserve.

The committee also felt that the National Vocational Education and Training System can succeed only when Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship and the Ministry of HRD work closely together keeping in mind the national goal of making India the “Skills capital of the world”. The Ministry of HRD should conduct vocational education and training courses at 10+2 level and align the standards with the National Skills Qualification Framework. Either MHRD should setup higher vocational education and training colleges and universities to ensure vertical mobility of Vocational Education & Training (VET) stream pass outs with regular trainers/professors and good infra structure or MSDE should setup a National Vocational University.

The planners should understand why the quality of human resource produced is so poor which is not related to


“IT+IT=IT; Indian talent + Information technology = India Tomorrow.” –Narendra Modi

technical knowledge and skills alone. The quality of workforce in non-technical and even clerical roles is below par. There is something drastically wrong with the learning and assessment process. The system does not promote real learning and thinking. Colleges and universities can't fail undeserving students – as their evaluation and ranking depends on 100% success rate. Setting up more universities will achieve little unless we understand what is wrong with the system and address that honestly. One of the contributing factors is very poor standards of teachers. Since they are the product of the system and finally responsible for the quality of the output, the system is self-perpetuating. Whatever is the strategy, the assessment and certification system must be effective, generating confidence in the employers who go by these credentials. An independent system of certification must be devised which would ensure that there is standardization and fairness in evaluation.

There are no uniform VET standards in the country and therefore, the skills imparted to the trainees are also not uniform, besides short duration of most vocational training programme. The report has, therefore, recommended to create a credible and dynamic national Labour Market Information System, National Occupational Standards, National Competency Standards, National Accreditation Standards, National Assessment Standards and National Certification Standards and align them with the International Standards Classification of Occupations, (ISCO), 2008. The present QPs/NOSs are very narrow and do not meet the skills needs of the industry and therefore, they should also be reviewed and new National Competency Standards (NCS) developed by SSCs/NSDA/DGE in close cooperation with the industry on the basis of ISCO 2008.

It is true that the short term vocational trainings are a farce since it takes time to acquire skills. The ITI like system and apprenticeship schemes are appropriate. Labour Market Information System (LIMS) is not a solution for skilling. LMIS can provide the hard data and the trend in the long term – but there will always be a lag between the information generated and when it is really needed.

Skilling is driven by the demand. The industry has to demand certain skills and the quality of manpower and must also be willing to pay for the quality. This applies for not just the industry needs – it is true for the general skills needed for the construction, domestic and commercial establishments. The consumers must be in the loop for the real assessment of skills as practiced – throughout the lifecycle of the skill provider – for the system to improve. Further, it is not the narrowness of NOS and QPs that is limiting but It is their complexity. NOSs and QPs must be simple enough to be understood by the candidates – as they have to finally understand and internalize these. The current NOSs and QPs do not pass these criteria.

There are seventeen Ministries in addition to the Ministry of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship, which are doing skill development. However, nobody owns the National VET standards. It has therefore,been recommended that the MSDE should become the owner of all national VET standards and be accountable for skilling of youth with the objective of meeting the exact skill needs of the industry and providing employment to youth.

The accountability for skilling of youth is best suited for the SSC, and finally the industry. The objective of meeting the exact skill needs of the industry should also be in the purview of the SSC. Providing employment to youth must be driven by the industry demand. This will happen only when the skill specifications and demand are driven by the industry. The economy must grow – to create demand for work and skills. Some regulatory mechanism must be in place for the SSC to be able to get the demand from the industry, as well as the placements. Linking employment and wages to skills is a key requirement for the skilling to work – because unless there is real monetary value for the certification, and prospect of growth, the acquisition of certificate becomes meaningless. The failure of the formal education system lies in not being able to link the degree to employment and wages.

In-Plant apprentice training should be made an integral part of the Vocational Education and Training System for all trainees, as is the case in Germany and many other countries, the committee recommended. However, it will take roots only when employers are made to mandatorily absorb a fraction of their workforce from apprenticeship route. There are a very large numbers of MSME – they must be brought into the purview as well.There should also be close interface of the VETsystem with the industry. The SSCs must become the vibrant institutions of interface between the government, VET system and the youth. The employers must own, finance and drive them in order to discharge their responsibilities efficiently and effectively. However, this will need some statutory mechanism for the SSC to effectively enforce it on the industry. Financial incentives are also needed to for the industry to act.

The commitment of industry towards training happens only when they contribute and are closely involved. It has therefore, been recommended that a Reimbursable


Industry Contribution (RIC) of about 2% of their annual wage bill should be collected from all small, medium and large enterprises employing 10 or more persons. The employers themselves will manage this fund through SSCs. They can be reimbursed the cost of training incurred on meeting their skill needs depending upon their annual training plan and performance. This is a good suggestion by the committee and should be followed up meticulously. However, many companies may not correctly report the number of workers or the wage bill. Many corporations and specially MNCs hide behind confidentiality of such information and the SSC does not have a clear view. Apart from a percentage of wage bill, a percentage of turnover can also be added.

The report also recommends measures to ramp up the training capacity of national VET system to about 10 million per annum by renaming all existing diploma colleges and ITIs as Vocational Education & Training Courses (VETCs) and also suggests that their capacities should be enhanced, running about 10 trades which include 3-4 engineering and 6-7 services sector trades along with two academic subjects. In addition, about 3600 new VETCs may be setup in government, government aided, private and public private partnership with the financial support of NSDC. However, it is important that in the quest for meeting numbers, the quality of training and assessment should not be sacrificed. The training capacity must be based on real demand – what is the source for this number?

Training of Trainers is also a challenge – as trainers of the right quality are difficult to come by. Good, skilled persons are already gainfully employed – there is no incentive for them to give up their jobs to become trainers. Trainers must be paid well – which brings in the question of training fee. That has to be realistic and industry driven.

The soft skills and life skills are equally important for employment and therefore, communication skills, computer and digital literacy, quality management tools, occupational safety and health, English proficiency, entrepreneurial skills and basic financial literacy should form part of each curriculum. However, experience shows that

the so called soft skills, especially communication and articulation are difficult to teach in a crash course. The planners need to think of making the schooling system responsive to these needs and nurture the development of children from very early stages. Our schools seem to ignore these vital aspects of learning when they could be most effective and continue to mindlessly burden the children in early schools with superficial information. It can be safely said that the comprehension, articulation and communication skills in passing out students at any level from high school to postgraduate and PhD programs – are very poor.

One of the major recommendation suggests that a sound framework for development of skills to meet the needs of the huge unorganized sector and large school dropouts should be evolved. It has been recommended that 50,000 Vocational Education and Training Schools (VETS) should be setup by the government, government aided, private sector, public private partnerships, local bodies and non governmental organizations in a manner that one VETS is available in a cluster of 10-12 villages. These schools maybe financially supported by NSDC.

A very large workforce in unorganized sector today is engaged in providing skills of the traditional nature where the demand pattern is increasing and there is an acute shortage of such skilled people in urban as well as rural areas; some of the trades are: -

(a) Masonry (b) Tiling (c) Carpentry (d)Plumping (e) Painting, Varnishing, Polishing (f) Tailoring

(g) Laundry (h) Domestic Cleaning (i) Cooking- domestic/commercial (j) Sanitary services of Municipalities, housing societies, other communities (k) Waste disposal- including recycling (l)Farming related services- preparation of fields, showing, harvesting, pest control etc. (m)Gardening (n) Healthcare support(o)Supervisory Services for all of the above.

These occupations need to be reoriented to suit the available technologies, processes and tools.These services can accommodate a very large number of people who are migrating from villages to the urban areas.The biggest issue today is the Quality of skills and Work ethics. Most people in the above occupations have picked up these skills on their own – the traditional system of family profession and skill transfer having broken down – with little real training available. The contractors and experienced skilled workers are forced to employ anybody willing to work for them and try to train them on the job at the expense of the consumer/customer – and have very little control over the quality of work.

Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) is a good initiative which can greatly help in differentiating skill levels in such workers and help them to get paid remuneratively. This


does not require huge infrastructure or capital investment – it just needs a will to improve the society and create the necessary enablers. Fortunately, the current political leadership has given enough hints to move in that direction. The current education system is largely ignorant of this need of the society and therefore, of little relevance. We only talk of Demographic Dividend – but have not succeeded in capitalizing on it. Our Human Resource Development and Education system – including Vocation Training needs a well thought of and cohesive vision, with practical implementation plan.

The report also suggests that a sound framework for RPL should be evolved in which the informally acquired skills of a person will be assessed in terms of his level in the NSQF, gaps identified, training provided to meet those gaps and then assessed by the National Board to award NCSC so that he is fully trained and able to command higher wages. This is the most urgent need of the hour. RPL is a good initiative which can greatly help in differentiating skill levels in workers who acquire skills in the family or otherwise through their own initiative, and help them to get paid remuneratively.

However, there is a huge shortage of qualified trainers. In order to create a pool of qualified trainers the report says, a framework for training of trainers should be evolved in which entry qualification, subjects to be taught, duration, pedagogy skills, etc. should be included. They should also have at least 6 months' industry experience and should be paid more than their counterparts in the industry so that industry experts are attracted towards training. Availability and quality of trainers decides the quality of skills imparted to the candidates. Today the ground reality is that most trainers lack the skills they are trying to impart to students. Most of them have come to the profession because they could not get a better job elsewhere. Many of them are poor performers themselves. There are two issues in attracting good trainers:

a) Salary, at par with the industry or higherb) Future growth prospects

The first issue is linked to the fee structure and the second requires that there is two-way flow between the industry and the skilling domain. For this to happen the skill centers should have modern equipment and facilities where the trainers can also upgrade themselves and can go back to the industry with value added. Another very attractive option is to leverage the vast pool of experienced retired people available.

Need has also been felt to create institutional mechanism to visualize and prepare people with skills required for future jobs, which are expected to be largely technology driven and innovative. Apex High Tech Institute (AHI) has been recommended to be assigned this role of developing future skills and NSRD should closely work with AHI.

The industry worldwide is changing fast and many countries have already transformed to what is called the Fourth Industrial Revolution – and termed as Industry 4.0. It deals with instrumentation and automation and use of real time data exchange between all entities in the value chain to optimize the quality, availability and cost of goods. It is applicable for all sizes of industries – included the MSMEs which form the backbone of Indian industries. Scores of new job roles are identified to enable this. Internet of Things (IoT) is going to be a reality soon. We need a workforce which is skilled in all these – if we want to be relevant and competitive and wish to be the preferred manpower provider to the world. IASC SSC is meant to do above, however the report has totally missed out this reality and given a broad brush to such SSC's.

Many of the proposed steps in the report will require legislative support in order to operationalize them. It has, therefore, been recommended that Apprentices Act, 1961 and the Employment Exchanges (Compulsory Notification of Vacancies) Act, 1959 should be repealed and a new Vocational Education and Training Act should be enacted.

However, we are aware that unless we learn from the shortcomings of existing systems, creating a new system does not solve a problem. Employment Exchanges can be replaced with a really well designed LMIS system – however the Vocational Education and Training is a different set of activities which can be done in multiple ways and must be kept separate. It must be appreciated that the reason Employment Exchange became irrelevant was that all employers did not use it. The same will happen with LMIS – unless the employers post all jobs on LMIS there will be incomplete and fractured aggregation of demand and fulfillment. What needs to be deliberated is how we can motivate and incentives the employers to come to a common platform to fulfill their needs. Training and employment must also be separately handled. If you force employers to absorb all or even some workers they train, then they will shy away from training altogether. The industry will definitively fulfill their own needs from the pool they trained.


Sector Skills Councils provide the interface between employers, trade unions, governments and various components of vocational education and training system. Global experience shows that the concept of SSCs has been successful only where the involvement of the employers has been intense. It has, therefore, been recommended that the SSCs should be owned, funded and driven by the sectoral employers and not by industry associations. However, while suggesting above, the committee has not clarified what would be the role of the Government.The committee has also not considered the vital fact that there are several SSCs – such as IASC SSC which serve the need of all industries across all sectors – because it deals with the skills that are needed across all sectors. For IASC and other such SSC's which sectoral employers would own and drive them?

In reviewing the existing Qps / NOSs and developing new National Competency Standards, it is suggested that the SSCs / NSDA / DGE should involve professional institutes such as Central staff Training & Research Institute (CSTARI), Kolkata, Pandit Sunderlal Sharma Central Institute of Vocational Education (PSS CIVE), Bhopal and for content development National Instructional Media Institute (NIMI), Chennai. In this regards it will be prudent if the task is dealt with by people who are competent and experienced in the domain and have a feel of the ground realities of the domain – as well as what changes are looming. If these institutes have such experts then by all means they must be involved, otherwise they would burden the review process rather than contribute.The current process of review of QP/NOS by a QRC team drawn from different sectors is also flawed. Many job roles are highly technical and need to be reviewed by domain experts.

What also needs to be reviewed is the complexity of QP/NOS document. There has been no real industry consultation or interactions with the SSCs to arrive at these designs.The role of the Government and SSC should be one of facilitators not regulators as far as skill development is concerned. Let the industry decide what suits them for their own growth, competitiveness and vitality. A vital factor in the success of any initiative is its simplicity. The simplicity

of a system should be seen from the perspective of the user. If they can't understand the document what is the purpose of making those?

There is also a need in QPs to define the skill levels for each NOS since they define skills and the level should be tied to that. The relative importance of skills is dictated by Occupations. It must be understood that jobs require people to be 'T' shaped – having a deep skill in one area (or two sometimes and rarely three) and a number of supporting skills which may not be as deep. There is further difficulty in the current QP/NOS system. The current NOSs are not associated with any skill levels since NOSs are meant to be reusable. It is assumed that when you take a NOS, you also take its curriculum and training content. How do you create training content for the same NOS at different NSQF level?

The Committee has observed that the QPs/NOSs, developed earlier, were not user friendly and were overly complicated, geared with technicalities, interspersed with many abbreviations and jargons. It has also been recommended that the 'standards making' and 'testing and certification' be kept at arm's-length and assigned to separate bodies. NCSs should be developed by NSDA/SSCs, training to be done by vocational training institutions and assessments by the proposed National Board for Assessment and Certification. The level descriptors given in the NSQF lack clarity and objectivity. It is necessary to make them amply clear so that a trainee and trainer can easily understand. Moreover, everybody understands certificates, diplomas, degrees, etc. and therefore, we should start with them, convert the courses as per level descriptors, assign credits and establish comparability with the existing titles. NSQA has to play a big role in it for which it needs to be staffed with qualified and experienced experts.

This is a very valid point and needs most urgent attention. The litmus test of a QP/NOS document should be that the Candidate, Trainer and the Employer should be able to comprehend it and use it. Separation of concerns is desirable, however, it must be ensured that the performing


organizations have the expertise and skills to perform the job. SSCs have the necessary industry expertise. How will the other organization acquire this and keep these current? NSQF needs serious review as recommended later in this article.

Another major recommendation suggests that as NSDA has been mandated to anchor and operationalize NSQF, it should be assigned the role of National Skills Qualification Authority (NSQA) and CSTARI, NIMI and CIVE should be brought under its functional control. The environment also felt that the NSQF needs serious review. It does not recognize the basic reality that you do not need to have matching skills in all dimensions to be useful to the society and be successful. We need to recognize three different class of people – individual performers; managers and organization leaders and entrepreneurs. The individual performers may focus on deep skills in very narrow areas and be able to reach the highest level (NSQF equivalent level 10) – without having to know about supervising others or managing teams. He/she should be able to reach the top of the profession and get paid accordingly. The current NSQF description of levels does not recognize this vital factor, and defines a structure in which really skilled and experienced persons cannot reach beyond certain level, say five and therefore, is considered flawed.

The report has commented that many cases of serious conflict of interest have come to notice which are quite disturbing in so far as the role of NSDC is considered. It has, therefore, been recommended that the government should review the role and functioning of NSDC comprehensively with reference to its Memorandum of Association and create a strong oversight mechanism to ensure that such conflicts of interests do not arise in future. The committee felt that the NSDC had also not followed any standard criteria for creation of SSCs which, not only increased their numbers but also created overlapping jurisdictions. Accordingly, the domain area of each SSC has been now rationalized on the basis of NIC/ISIC by the Committee.

The adverse comments against the working of NSDC at this stage could have been avoided. Above not withstanding now since that the SSCs have been created, with enormous initiative, effort and investment, it would be a retrograde step to disband the SSCs or reorganize them arbitrarily. SSCs are promoted by the industry and many professionals and business persons have taken time out of their individual business empire to serve a cause they believed to be a higher cause and for the good of the industry. That the NSDC did not follow all the guidelines of the government is not material – they were helping the industry to align with the national priorities. Any attempt to do the proposed restructuring would dampen the enthusiasm of the industry and send a negative signal about government's lack of seriousness and focus.

The recommendations to rationalize the 40 SSCs into 21 appears to be arbitrary and not fully taking into account all realities of business and economy. It must be appreciated that each country is unique and their socio-economic needs and skill requirements are vastly different. None of the countries in the world compare with India in terms of the diversities, challenges, opportunities and threats. Before making the arbitrary rationalization to 21 SSCs, the committee must establish the case for it.

The SSC structure however, does need a relook – some SSCs like IASC, IT and Telecom have a broader impact on the industry. It must be debated how to make their funct ioning more synerg is t ic wi th a l l SSCs. Compartmentalizing these SSCs, having horizontal domains of influence, into one narrow SSC would simply not work. You cannot compare the needs and reach of all SSCs – for example IASC and Beauty and Wellness are very different. Similarly, one can't dissect the Telecom SSC and send its part to Electronics and IT SSCs from a hardware and software perspective – because telecom is more than the hardware and the software and the two SSCs put together cannot meet the real needs of telecom SSC.

Another recommendation concerning the SSC's rationalization suggests that in order to implement creation of new SSCs on the basis of NIC 2008, all the existing SSCs should be dissolved; new SSCs should be created under Section 25(now Section 8) of the Companies Act 2013; The members of the SSCs should be employers and not the representatives of the industry associations.

This is an ill-conceived recommendation which will create confusion and uncertainty in the industry and generate more mistrust in the government's ability to think, plan and execute programs without any concrete gain in efficiency or productivity of the new system. For a system to work, the government must allow sufficient time for the industry to orient towards a new idea and implement the necessary enablers on the ground. Many of the SSCs – such as IASC are only one-year-old. Taking such short term view creates an impression of fickleness of planning in government – which is uncalled for under the current government at least, which has created an environment of positivity and forward looking policies.


It has been further recommended that a Central Advisory Board On Skill Development be created in which Ministers of all Central Ministries/Departments doing skill development, the Ministers of all the State Governments dealing with skill development and all heads of regulatory bodies dealing with different aspects of skill development be made members to effectively coordinate the efforts of skill development seamlessly across the country.The proposal puts emphasis on more and more controls on the Skill Development Initiative and create a heavily regulated mechanism, whereas the need is for facilitating skill development. Will regulators provide the employments that is promised? If not – then let the industry decide how to regulate itself. If the government wants to facilitate skill development, then it must provide funding for initial setting up and creation of essential infrastructure. The skilling must be funded by fees which can be supported by educational loans – which are underwritten by the government. Observe the situation in the formal education system which is heavily regulated – but what is the quality of education delivered and its relevance to the society? In fact, it is the negative results of the overly regulated education system that is requiring a parallel system of skill development. We need to take lessons from past mistakes – not repeat those.

Conclusion

To conclude, I wish to reiterate that some of the practical and useful recommendations of the SPC should be implemented while others that need fresh look should be reviewed on priority.

Rather than criticizing NSDC, it would have been appropriate to acknowledge and commend their efforts for creating a skill eco-system on ground which is up and running at present. In the hind sight, NSDC may be faulted for having not been able to meet the employment targets but this may be attributed more to the lack of job creation in the first place in the industry rather than the failing of the NSDC alone. Thus it may be advisable not to flog the running horse (NSDC) and avoid derailment of the entire skill process at this stage by accepting ill-timed advice on this front.

The committee also does not seem to be cognizant of the emerging needs of the industry, in light of Industry 4.0 and similar requirements forced by global competitiveness and even to the needs of our own 'Make-in-India'. Make in India can only be realized by a focused effort to understand why India had to abandon the manufacturing path and what the difficulties are in getting back to the bandwagon. We need to understand the needs of the modern manufacturing and create skills to support the job roles. This cannot be done by a traditional outlook of manufacturing. That the Committee did not even look at the vital components of modern industrialization like Instrumentation, Automation, Mechatronics, Robotics, 3D Printing and Surveillance shows how incomplete its understanding of the real situation is.

It must be appreciated that each country is unique and their social economic needs and skill requirements are vastly different. None of the countries in the world compare with India in terms of the diversities, challenges, opportunities and threats. Industry 4.0 and similar requirements forced by global competitiveness and especially the needs of our own 'Make in India' vision requires a dynamic, vibrant and independent SSC.The IASC SSC which exclusively deals with such job roles and is ideally suited for addressing the skilling needs for new job roles demanded by Industry 4.0 and for re skilling and up-skilling of existing workforce in all industries whose jobs need to be redefined and transformed to keep pace with the modern industry needs.

Author is the Chairman of IASC Sector Skill Council.

He has a vast experience in Industry & education.

He is the Chairman of Syadwad Group of

Institutions, Member Advisory Board Dr. APJ Abdul

Kalam Technical University (UP Technical

University), Governing Council Member of Rajkiye

Engineering College, Ambedkar Nagar, UP & Rajkiye

Engineering College, Banda, UP. He is also the

Chairman of BIPS Groups of Industries.

“There is a growing need for vocational and skill training. Dignity

of labour can open up more job opportunities for the youth.

Skills should not be akin to stature in the societal mindset.”

Shri Rajiv Pratap RudyHon. Minister of State Skill Development &Entrepreneurship and Parliamentary Affairs


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Anand PhadtareVice PresidentG. M. Marketing


information, effective and efficient operation, timely availability of information to achieve a reliable, predictable and equitable delivery of water in response to the feedback from the field on a real time basis, which will help the field managers to take the right decisions at the right time. The general objective shall set a streamlined system for data collection, communication and processing, and more rational decision making with necessary feedback and monitoring, ultimately leading to efficient utilization of the resources.

EMIS establishes procedures to provide water resource managers relevant information to take timely and effective decisions for planning, operating and constantly upgrading the operational plans year after year. EMIS generally comprises various functional modules. The data module helps to incorporate all the data collected (rainfall, temperature, humidity, sunshine wind speed, crop statistics, etc.). EMIS helps to properly estimate the crop water requirement / demand well in advance under the planning module perform the check for canal capacities to compare the designed discharge with the actual discharge. Scheduling sub-module quantifies the depth, frequency and the total duration of irrigation for individual farmers within an outlet. The monitoring module helps to identify the system flaws and the irrigation manager after regularly observing the faulty operation would work out a strategy to eliminate the problem. After taking stock of the entire scenario the irrigation manager can carry out the necessary modifications works. Command area as a whole, the measures of performance indicators are Adequacy, Equity, Dependability and Efficiency. The evaluation module on the other hand strengthens the irrigation manager to assess and take stock of the situation; it can be a lesson, or a training tool to sharpen the skills of the irrigation manager.

Considering the stupendous task and constraint of time in developing the ultimate water resource management, irrigation potential, it is necessary to use the modern methods of surveying and analysis tools. Remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) with their capability of data collection and analysis are now viewed as efficient and effective tools for Smart Water Resource Management. For ease of understanding, Enterprise Management Information System is broadly divided into major sub-systems (see Fig. 1 as per its functionality and scope, are

Ü Organizational Functions & E-Governance

Ü Real Time Hydro-Meteorological Information System

Ü Flood Forecasting and Flood Management System

Ü Irrigation Planning and Irrigation network Management System

Ü Smart City Water Supply System

Ü Geographic Information System (GIS)

Multi-purpose storage reservoirs store water for multiple purposes such as hydro-power generation, flood regulation, irrigation, civic water supply, industrial water supply, etc. Presently, there is no system in place to monitor and measure hydro-meteorological parameters on real time basis hence making reservoir operation difficult during flood conditions.

There is no measurement mechanism for measurement of weather parameters and agro-meteorological parameters in command areas of several projects; and control of the canal network is done to avoid unnecessary water losses either by reducing or increasing water flows within the canal network system. Thus the present modes of canal operations in majority canals are rigid and water and water use efficiencies are even less than 40% in many cases.

Sustainable WRM using conventional methods has several limitations; hence further improvements can be possible only with deployment of SIWRM using Enterprise Management Information System (EMIS), Geographic Information System (GIS), Database Management and Decision Support System (DSS) and use of advanced measurement techn iques , Rea l Time Da ta Communication, etc.

Solution

SIWRM using GIS based EMIS is a result of long-term research to provide 'Total Solution' that caters to all needs of water resource management right from collection of information, processing, analysis and data dissemination for management of rainwater, flood control, Irrigation, drinking and industrial use, etc. Other organizational functions such as Human Resource Management, Asset Management, Revenue and Billing, Infrastructure Management, Command and Catchment area Information, water storage and distribution statistics are also provided to enable the water resource managers and policy makers to take appropriate decisions through a systematic planning for WRM.

Enterprise Management Information System (EMIS) for Smart Water Resource Management uses accurate

Strengthen Core

Functions - Use IT

Solutions

Informed Decision - Effective

Water Services

Right Information

at Right Time

Information Backbone

& Work Flow


images for authenticating the geographical and crop pattern information, farmer information, land parcel data, soil health data etc., Weather parameters monitored by other agencies can also be shared.

Mechatronics has developed Real-time Data Acquisition System (RTDAS) deploying precision sensors for measurement of weather parameters, water levels and gate position interfaced with data logger operating on battery backed solar power supply and communicating to Data Center over VSAT, GSM/GPRS, UHF/VHF radio telemetry and Hybrid communication networks. Systems are commissioned since 1996 and working satisfactory till date. Challenges faced and resolved successfully during implementation include:

Ü Variety of water level sensors viz. Ultrasonic, Radar,

H y d r o - M e t e o r o l o g i c a l I n f o r m a t i o n System (HIS)

In addition to the general functions of Enterprise Management Information System for Smart Integrated Water Resource Management needs hydro-meteorological parameters (rain precipitation, Stream River & Reservoir water levels, wind speed & direction, temperature, humidity, soil moisture) and other spatial and non-spatial parameters like vegetation cover, land slopes and gradients, soil health data, cropping pattern etc. Available data, its authenticity, validity and periodicity makes it mostly un-usable and hence it is required to monitor the real time data using either available or specially developed sensors interfaced with the data-logger and data communication devices, use high resolution satellite

Figure 1. Verticals of EMIS for Smart Water Resource Management

Integration To HydroMeteorologicalAccurate ReservoirOperation

Early FloodWarning & InflowForecasting System

Spillway Gate Control For FloodManagement

Canal Regulation & Control System

Water Demand & Allocation

Crop Revenue & Water Billing

Soil Health Card

Fully AutomatedGates

Water Audit

Water Audit

Energy Audit

Pumping StationAutomation

WTP & FilterBed Automation

Water Qualityparametermonitoring& control

Irrigation &WaterManagement

Flood Control &Dam Safety

Project Mgmt

Asset Mgmt

Billing & Revenue Collection

Canal Network

Crop PatternSoil Health

Land Use &Land Cover

WUA & FarmerInformation Kiosk

Base Map,Cadastral Map

Real TimeRainfallMeasurement

Real Time RiverLevel &DischargeMeasurement

Automatic FullClimate

Reservoir WaterLevel & OutflowDischarge

Hydro Meteorological

InformationSystem

Flood Forecasting& Flood

Monitoring SyystemWith Dam

Automation

Canal Automation& Smart Irrigation

Management System

Smart City Water

Supply Management

EnterpriseManagementInformation

System

GeologicalInformation

System (GIS)

Components of GIS based Smart Integrated Water Resource Management System are shown in the schematic depicted in Fig. 2.

Water Demand

Weather Data

Well Data

Crop Data

Water Balance

Farmer Data

Crop Data

Land Data

Revenue

Billing

Infrastructure

Soil Health

Farmer Data

Human Resources

Project Management

Budget & Finance

Early Flood Warning Irrigation Scheduling

Disaster Management Irrigation Planning

Reservoir Operation

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atio

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Funct

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oro

logic

al

Info

rmatio

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yste

m

Flo

od F

ore

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od R

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tion

Irrigatio

n M

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upply

Figure 2. Components of EMIS


Shaft-Encoder, Bubbler, Pressure are used depending upon the site conditions, measurement rage and installation suitability.

Ü Gate position sensors fitted to the existing spillway radial and vertical gates and calibrated each sensor to suit the specific gate and type of gate.

Ü Hybrid communication network (VSAT, GSM/GPRS, UHF/VHF) deployed to maintain reliable the data connectivity with low power demands.

Data Center for HIS is fully equipped with the IT hardware, communication equipment and specially designed Application Software for data collection, authentication, validation and dissemination to Decision Support Software (DSS), Flood Monitoring Cell Server and web portal for public information and password protected remote data access for Water Resource managers.

Mechatronics has successfully installed Real time Data Acquisition System for hydro-meteorological parameters for various projects since 1996. Few of them to name are Upper Wardha Project, Bembla, Khadakpurna, Adan, Wan in Vidharbha region of Maharashtra, Surya, Bhatsa, Tilari in Konkan Region of Maharashtra, Krishna & Bhima River basin in Maharashtra, Wainganga basin in Madhya Pradesh, Goa, Karnataka and Himachal Pradesh and are working satisfactory till date. Data flow within the HIS and DSS system is shown in the following schematic.

Flood Forecasting & Flood Management

Floods cause major havocs and create emergency situation through disasters and damages to properties, infrastructure, etc. and also cause health hazards. In order to prevent/minimize the possible damages to dams and downstream areas, it is most essential to develop a system that forecasts inflows into project reservoirs, regulates flood by automatic operation of dam spillway gates by considering the dam safety, optimizes storages in the reservoir; and generates early flood warning for meeting the emergency situation. For designing a flood control system for a reservoir, the gross catchment areas of project falling in its upstream basin needs to be considered as they would have cascading effects, hence all releases from upstream reservoirs need to be considered.

Collected hydro-meteorological data is used for inflow forecasting and flood regulation with Decision support system. Specially developed algorithms and applications analyze the real time data and prepare inflow forecasts to improve water storage in reservoirs without affecting the safety to the water retaining structure, regulates flood moderately to safeguard the living and non-living objects downstream. Decision support software (DSS) provides tools for simulation and modeling, monitoring and control of spillway gates. Illustrative schematic representation of inflow forecasting and reservoir control system is shown in

the figure. Decision support systems for flood forecasting, flood regulation and reservoir monitoring and control were installed on many projects and working satisfactorily since installation.

Irrigation Network Management Information System (INMIS)

Irrigation management and canal control is another important aspect in WRM aiming at achieving multiple positive impacts such as effective irrigation planning, judicious distribution of water in entire command area, increasing water use efficiency, scientific study of soil fertility, scientifically assessed crop water demands, improved cropping patterns, enhancing agricultural produce, etc. Irrigation network management undertaken in many projects adopted monotonous approaches, hence called for adopting participatory, comprehensive, collective and farmer-concentric approaches. Mechatronics has developed a sound EMIS based on its intelligent software. Moto should be “More Crop per Drop”

Primarily, irrigation planning is based on available water in a project system and demand as per water demand by the stake-holders. For proper water planning, precise measurements of rainfall, flows in real-time mode are essential. In majority WR projects in India real time monitoring of rainfall and measurements of flows are not at all undertaken. Irrigation planning and canal management in these projects are based on un-authentic historical data that does not have any scientific base. It is essential to select and/or design tools and sensors for measurement of water levels and open channel flows having interfacing with the data logging facilities and data communication networks. Technology advancements in measurement techniques, deployment of advanced computing, simulation and communication technologies are the need of the hour for better irrigation planning and management.

To achieve the participatory irrigation management it is essential to deploy various IT tools like Geographical Information System (GIS) for collection, analysis and display of geo-spatial information, associated with use of high resolution satellite imagery; and INMIS for farmer information, data on weather, land parcels, soil health, cropping patterns and yields, water demands, groundwater water billing & revenue; SCADA for simulation, monitoring and control of canal regulation structures; centralized master control station, remote monitoring stations and farmer information kiosks forming data dissemination system.

Another aspect to be especially considered while designing the systems is utilization of the existing infrastructure, retro-fit the devices and maintains adoptability. Project areas being remote, power source is the main constrain which can be overcame by utilizing non-conventional renewable energy sources like solar, wind etc. To achieve the


sustainability of such automation projects ultra-modern techniques, long term maintenance, development of trained man-power are also needs to be considered. Smart Integrated Irrigation Management needs to have border perspective than only managing and control of the distribution network. It should establish complete platform for improved water distribution on volumetric basis, Farmer's direct interaction through Water User's Association (WUA) and information Kiosks interfaced with the central server database, Farmer information database like land holding, crop data, soil data etc. Irrigation management and canal control system should provide tools for the water accounting, irrigation planning, crop water requirement assessment, demand supply analysis, revenue and water billing etc., in addition to the basic features like canal network simulation, control and regulation using “Volumetric Constant Volume Control Method”. Instrumentation to suit the project requirement, suitable to work in similar environmental conditions, and consuming very low power, accurate and suiting specific project requirement is also one of the key issues to be addressed.

Water Treatment & Distribution System

Systematic automation of Water Treatment and distribution for domestic and industrial water supply needs to be addressed under the smart Integrated Water Resource Management. It is necessary to monitor the water quality parameters viz. turbidity, conductivity, pH, residual chlorine etc, before and after treatment of the raw water to maintain its quality and make it potable. Additionally, measurement and monitoring of various parameters in the water distribution system like flow, pressure, levels and controlling valve actuators, dosing systems and pumps using state-of-art instrumentation, application software.

Management Information System (MIS) plays a vital role in management, monitoring and control of water supply systems for domestic and industrial purposes. It maintains the consumer data, distribution network information data, water balance un-accounted water data and energy audit data.

Automation of the process thereby minimizing the human interventions leading to man-made errors and delivering equitable quality water timely to every consumer is main objective of the proposed system.

Operation & Maintenance

Post implementation Operation & Maintenance of these systems for Smart Integrated Water Resource Management is one of the key issues which need to be resolved by deploying experts from industries for the longer periods, capacity building of the project authorities, stake-holders. Training programs shall be conducted for capacity building and knowledge sharing.

Benefits Of Smart Integrated Water Resource Management

Benefits of Smart Integrated Water Resource Management are:

Ü Reduce costs by eliminating paperwork and improving processes

Ü Enhance collaboration and knowledge sharing within government

Ü Obtain skilled and capable staff and train existing staff

Ü Convenient: 24x7 self-service

Ü Customized: tailor service delivery to customer needs

Ü Consistent: predictable and reliable

Ü Build community among global citizens, suppliers, employees and stakeholders

Ü Increase transparency, consistency and predictability

Ü Create attractive environment for foreign investment in the country

Ü Increase access of national businesses to the world economy and markets

Ü Facilitate the formation of businesses and increased employment

Ü Optimization of water storage

Ü Real time remote monitoring and control

Ü Instantaneous Decision making

Ü Well in advanced flood forecasting

Ü Efficient flood routing

Ü Increased power generation

Ü Safety of dam structures

Ü Reduction / Elimination of man-made errors

Ü Easy and efficient model analysis for further use

Ü Single room control for reservoir operation

Ü Reduction in operational costs.

Ü Increased Agriculture Produce

Ü Better service to the water users

Ü Easy management of the water system

Ü Reduced maintenance requirements

Ü Fish and wildlife enhancement

Ü Decreased flood damage

Ü Better response to emergencies

Conclusion

Smart Integrated Water Resource Management using indigenously developed farmer concentric GIS based Enterprise Management Information System (EMIS) integrated with state-of-art instrumentation, IT and Communication equipments is Digital tool by MECHATRONICS for efficient Water Resource management. It is in line with the Hon. Prime Minister's vision & dream projects “FARMER CONCENTRIC SMART DIGITAL INDIA” & “MADE IN INDIA”


PC near the site of installation. The data can then be transferred over GSM/GPRS network and made available on a cloud server such as MeghRaj to be easily accessible from any remote central location.

The system is battery operated with a battery life of many years. It can also be solar powered if required. The system is easy to maintain as it is manufactured in India. The indigenously manufactured Digital Water Level Recorder (DWLR) system, as it is the commonly called, has proved to be a boon for India's ambitious projects in water table monitoring and mapping of aquifers.

But this is not all. This state of the art system is very flexible and measures not only the depth of water, its temperature and atmospheric pressure, but also a host of other parameters that affect water level and quality. Such parameters could be rain fall, pH, conductivity, rate of flow and totalized flow of extracted water. The system is filly expandable and a host of other parameters can be added with minimum additional cost even after its installation. It is an ideal system to ensure implementation of CGWA guidelines across all industries prescribing limits of ground water extraction.

Emerging Skills for Automation of Water Resource Management

For any scheme of efficient water management to be successful, continuous monitoring of underground water level, flow and quality is necessary. Change in

ground water table and variation in its quality is a good indicator of whether the water management model is successful or not. Monitoring of the rate and totalised flow of water extracted from the underground in critical to conservation of our dwindling water resources. Above all, a fully automatic instrumentation system is required such that the data can be made available regularly from across the country for analysis at a national level.

This has been made possible by the sophisticated instrumentation system being manufactured in India along with Drishti software for data retrieval, processing, viewing and archiving. The measured parameters are stored in the form of digital electrical signals in a miniaturised data logger at the top of the bore hole. The data logger is concealed in the same bore hole but located close to ground level for ease in accessibility for maintenance. The digital data logger has a large memory capacity to store the parameters over several years. Several options of retrieving the stored parameters are described in detail in the Talk. The parameters in engineering units can be downloaded as and when required wirelessly through a mobile hand set or a

Hradayesh KaushikGM, Encardio-rite Electroncis Pvt Ltd., [email protected]


&News Events

Source, Skill Reporter, May 19, 2017

Minister of Skills Rajiv Pratap Rudy met Swedish delegation to explore partnership avenues for Skill India

Contributing to the dream of New India and exploring new and greater partnerships in the global skills agenda, Shri Rajiv Pratap Rudy, Union Minister of State for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE) met up on Thursday with a Swedish delegation led by Ms Ann Linde, Sweden’s Minister of EU Affairs and Trade and Foreign Affairs Minister. The delegation is here in the country to discuss ease of doing business in India.

Discussing the partnership between the countries, Ms. Linde said, “India and Sweden have had a long standing business relationship since years. Swedish companies directly employ 1,85,000 people in India, while creating up to 1.3 million jobs indirectly. We are keen to work closely with the Indian government to take this working relationship to greater heights. Skill India would play a crucial role in this as we would seek for local talent to support our businesses here in the country.”

Recently the embassy of Sweden in India and the Swedish Chamber of Commerce has come out with the 9th edition of their Business Climate Survey report for India. Ms. Ann Linde played the lead role in the launch of this Business Climate Survey. Notably, she has led several Business delegations for Sweden across the world. In the last two years, employment through Swedish companies and investors has grown by 20 percent.

Assuring India’s commitment to Sweden on the skill development agenda, Shri Rudy said, “Skill development is forming the backbone for all successful businesses in India. We have more than 1913 job roles identified and mapped to our National Skills Qualification Framework (NSQF) and

many of them are matched to transnational standards making it easy for us to have ready a workforce for all kinds of sectors and jobs. We as a country have had great trade relations with Sweden but we are yet to explore partnerships on skill development. We will be happy to support and partner with Sweden in the best possible way.”

Shri Rudy mentioned that India has been working with countries like UK, US, Canada, Australia, Germany, France and many other such countries. He mentioned that it would be fruitful for Sweden and India to benchmark skill standards that would enable ease of recognition of skills between the two countries.

Shri Rudy also informed that that MSDE in partnership with the Ministry of External

Affairs, would also be providing training to overseas employment through its

India International Skill Centres. He also mentioned that key role of Swedish companies in India in engaging apprentices. It was decided in the meeting that the two sides will indentify some concrete activities and deliberate

on a constituting a Joint Working Group through an MoU between

the two countries.

Early in the year during Vibrant Gujarat, Shri Narendra Modiji, Hon’ble Prime

Minister of India has expressed happiness on the Indo- Sweden partnership and had said that India has offered considerable potential for Swedish investment in green technologies, smart cities, skill India and Digital India. He had also stated that it has been a two-way investment with Swedish companies having invested $1.2 billion in India and Indian companies $700 million in Sweden.

NSIC Technical Services Centre, Okhla, New Delhi (a Technical Training Centre of NSIC, A Govt. of India Enterprise) is going to organize a Job Fair for campus recruitment of NSIC trainees on 14.6.2017 in NSIC grounds, Okhla. Instrumentation Automation Surveillance & Communication Sector Skill Council is also one of the participant in this job fair.

Job Fair on 14th June, at NSIC, Okhla


With reference to the Kaushal Mela held in our Training Centre on 11/05/2017 we “KRN Institute of Technology an exciting Training Centre under PMKVY2.0”would like to express our sincere appreciation towards the step taken by Indian Government to skill up our country.

We sincerely appreciate our TP “Agile Skills Development Private Limited”for their guidance & support which helps us to become a part of Skill India Mission.

We would like to thank Mr Nagender Goel the Chairman of IASC Sector Skill Council, Lieutenant General (Retired) Sunit Kumar the CEO IASC Sector Skill Council, Mrs Ruchi Jain the co-ordinator of IASC Sector Skill Council & Honourable Member of Parliament (Kurukshetra) Mr Raj Kumar Saini for sparing their valuable time for attending “Kaushal Mela” organised in our Training Centre. Their kind presence in the event encourages us a lot & made us more confident in our struggle. It was a great pleasure to host them at our Institute as a guest of Honours.

“Kaushal Mela” organised by “KRN Institute of Technology”

AKTU Mega Job Fair on June 9,10

NOIDA: In the largest job fair being held in Delhi-NCR after a long time, Dr Abdul Kalam Technical University (AKTU) will be inviting 65 major companies to its Noida campus on June 9.

The Mega Job Fair will be organised on June 9 and June 10 from 9am at the Noida centre of the university in C-22, Sector 62, Noida.

“Major companies such as HCL, Amazon, Omax, India Mart, NIIT, Just Dial and Tata Project are some of the renowned names in the 65 companies' list, AKTU officials said.

“Until now, 50 companies have given their confirmation. We are trying to ensure that by June 9, all 65 companies are present,” Sharma said.

“The university's vice chancellor Dr Vinay Pathak said the job fair is a unique opportunity for students. “Renowned companies will be coming to the fair. This is a unique opportunity for students succeed,” he said.

On behalf of “KRN Institute of Technology” we would like to extend our appreciation to the participants for attending our programme. Approximately 4000-5000 members from every village of our entire Kurukshetra district take part in the programme and show the irinterest in steps taken by us to empower the unemployed youth.

Source, The Hindustan Times, June 6, 2017, Noida,

IASC SSC has signed M e m o r a n d a m o f agreement with National Backward Classes Finance & Development Corporation on 29.05.2017 at New Delhi for imparting job related Skill Development Training for upgradation of t e c h n i c a l a n d entrepreneurial skills poor backward classes youths across the country so that they may engage in developmental activities by way of self employment or wage employment.

The agreement was exchanged by Sh. Nagendra Goel, Chairman IASC SSC and Sh. K. Narayan MD NBCFDC.

MoU with National Backward Classes Finance & Development Corporation


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