Special Documents978-1-349-12719...1964. Convention on the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Develop ment; December 14, 1960. 888 TREATIES AND INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS REGISTERED

Special Documents

Additif au Deuxieme Rapport de M.S.P.A. FranJ:ois, Rapporteur Special, 2 YEARBOOK oF THE INTERNATIONAL LAw CoMMISSION 77 (1953) (U.N. Doc. A/ CN.4/SER.A/1953/Add.l) New York: United Nations, 1959.

Beazley, P. MARITIME LIMITS AND BA§ELINES 1-2. (The Hydrographic Society, Special Publication No. 2, n.d.).

Bernhardt, J. BASELINES, THE TERRITORIAL SEA AND INNOCENT PASSAGE (Unofficial Project). Rhode Island: The Law of the Sea Institute, n.d.

Charter of the Organization of American States; April 30, 1948. 119 TREATIES AND INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS REGISTERED OR FILED AND RECORDED WITH THE SECRETARIAT oF THE UNITED NATIONS 4. New York: United Nations, 1952.

Comments by Governments on the Draft Articles Concerning the Law of the Sea Adopted by the International Law Commission at its Eighth Session, UNITED NATIONS CoNFERENCE ON THE LAWOFTHE SEA. Vol. 1 of7 vols., (U.N. Doc. A/ CONF.l3/5 Add.l-4) New York: United Nations, 1957.

Convention on the Continental Shelf; April 29, 1958. 499 TREATIES AND INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS REGISTERED OR FILED AND RECORDED WITH THE SECRETARIAT oF THE UNITED NATIONS 311. New York: United Nations, 1964.

Convention on the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development; December 14, 1960. 888 TREATIES AND INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS REGISTERED OR FILED AND RECORDED WITH THE SECRETARIAT OF THE UNITED NATIONs 179. New York: United Nations, 1980.

Deep Seabed Mineral Resources Act, Mineral Lands and Mining. Rochester, New York: The Lawyers Cooperation Publishing Co., 1990.

Deuxieme Rapport de M.S.P.A. FranJ:ois, Rapporteur Special, 2 YEARBOOK oF THE INTERNATIONAL LAw CoMMISSION 67 (1953) (U.N. Doc. A/CN.4/SER.A/ 1953/Add.l) New York: United Nations, 1959.

European Atomic Energy Community; March 25, 1957. 298 TREATIES AND INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS REGISTERED OR FILED AND RECORDED WITH THE SECRETARIAT oF THE UNITED NATIONS 167. New York: United Nations, 1958.

The European Coal and Steel Community; April 18, 1957. 261 TREATIES AND INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS REGISTERED OR FILED AND RECORDED WITH TilE SECRETARIAT oF THE UNITED NATIONS 140. New York: United Nations, 1957.

Europa Yearbook, 1989. London: Europa Publications, 1989. Exceptions and Brief of the Common Counsel States. (Submitted as part of the

U.S. v. Maine adjudication 420 U.S. 515). Reproduced on Microfiche by U.S. Government Printing Office.

FAO LEGISLATIVE STUDY 35. 2 vols, New York: Food and Agricultural Organization, 1984.

231

232 Special Documents

FAO LEGISLATIVE STUDY 42. 2 vols, New York: Food and Agricultural Organization, 1986.

Fisheries Law Advisory Programme. Circ. 4. New York: Food and Agricultural Organization, 1985.

Geneva Convention on the Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone; April 29, 1953. 15 UNITED STATES TREATIES AND OTHER INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS 1606. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1964.

Gulland. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 206 (U.N. FAO Doc. Firm/T206). New York: United Nations, 1980.

In re Kramer, [1976 Transfer Binder] Common Market Reporter. Chicago: Commerce Clearing House, Inc., 1976.

Juridical Regime of Historic Waters, Including Historic Bays, 2 YEARBOOK OF THE INTERNATIONAL LAw CoMMISSION 23 (U.N. Doc. A/CN.4/SER.Ajl962/ Add.l). New York: United Nations, 1964.

LAW OF THE SEA, BASELINES: NATIONAL LEGISLATION WITH ILLUSTRATIVE MAPS. (U.N. Sales No. E89.V.10). New York: United Nations, 1989.

LAw oF THE SEA INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT. Rhode Island: The Law of the Sea Institute, 1972.

League of Nations. Preliminary Documents of the Conference for the Codification of International Law, Bases of Discussion Drawn up by the Preparatory Committee: Territorial Waters (League of Nations Doc. C. 74.M.39.1929.v.). Geneva: League of Nations, 1929. Reprinted in Supplement to 24 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 25-46 (1930).

North Atlantic Treaty; April 4, 1949. 34 TREATIES AND INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS REGISTERED OR FILED AND RECORDED WITH THE SECRETARIAT OF THE UNITED NATIONS 244. New York: United Nations, 1949.

Proposed Programme Budget for the Biennium 1984-85, SPECIAL REPRESENTATIVE OF THE LAW OF THE SEA II (U.N. Doc. A/38/570/Add.l). New York: United Nations, 1983.

Report of the International Law Commission to the General Assembly, ninth session (U.N. Doc. A/2693). Reprinted in 2 YEARBOOK oF THE INTERNATIONAL LAw CoMMISSION 154 (U.N. Doc. A/CN.4/SER.Ajl954/Add.l). New York: United Nations, 1960.

Report of the International Law Commission to the General Assembly, tenth session (U.N. Doc. A/2934). Reprinted in 2 YEARBOOK OF THE INTERNATIONAL LAw CoMMISSION 36 (U.N. Doc. A/CN.4/SER.Ajl955/Add.l). New York: United Nations, 1960.

Report of the International Law Commission to the General Assembly, eleventh session (U.N. Doc. A/3159). Reprinted in 2 YEARBOOK oF THE INTERNATIONAL LAw CoMMISSION 267 (U.N. Doc. A/CN.4jSER.A/1955/Add.l). New York: United Nations, 1960.

Report of the Special Master (U.S. v. Maine, 420 U.S. 515). Reproduced on Microfiche by U.S. Government Printing Office.

Scovazzi, Tullio, Giampiero Francalanci, Daniela Romano, and Sergio Mongardini, eds. ATLAS oF THE STRAIGHT BAsELINEs, PART ONE: ART. 7 oF THE CoNVENTION oF THE UNITED NATIONs ON THE LAw oF THE SEA. Second edition. Milan: Dott. A. Giuffre Editore, 1989.

Second Session of Committee of Experts for the Progressive Codification of International Law; Questionnaire no.2- Territorial Waters. Geneva: League

Special Documents 233

of Nations, 1926. Reprinted in Special Supplement to 20 AMERICAN JouRNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 62-147 (1926).

Summary Records of the 254th Meeting, I YEARBOOK OF THE INTERNATIONAL LAw CoMMISSION 66 (U.N. Doc. A/CN.4/SER.A/1954). New York: United Nations, 1959.

Summary Records of the 255th Meeting, I YEARBOOK OF THE INTERNATIONAL LAw CoMMISSION 68, (U.N. Doc. A/CN.4/SER.A/1954). New York: United Nations, 1959.

Summary Records of the 256th Meeting, I YEARBOOK OF THE INTERNATIONAL LAw CoMMISSION 72-74 (U.N. Doc. A/CN.4/SER.A/1954). New York: United Nations, 1959.




Summary Records of the 317th Meeting, I YEARBOOK OF THE INTERNATIONAL LAw CoMMISSION 201-05 (U.N. Doc. A/CN.4/SER.A/1955). New York: United Nations, 1960.


Summary Brief of the Common Counsel States (Submitted as part of the U.S. v. Maine adjudication 420 U.S. 515). Reproduced on Microfiche by U.S. Government Printing Office.

Treaty of Rome; March 25, 1957. 298 TREATIES AND INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS REGISTERED OR FILED AND RECORDED WITH THE SECRETARIAT OF THE UNITED NATIONS II. New York: United Nations, 1958

UNITED NATIONS CoNFERENCE ON THE LAW OF THE SEA. Vol. 2 of 7 vols., PLENARY MEETINGS (U.N. Doc. A/CONF.I3/38). New York: United Nations, 1958.

UNITED NATIONS CoNFERENCE ON THE LAw OF THE SEA. Vol. 3 of 7 vols., FIRST CoMMITTEE (TERRITORIAL SEA AND THE CoNTIGuous ZoNE) (U.N. Doc. A/ CONF.I3/39). New York: United Nations, 1958.

UNITED NATIONS CoNvENTION oN THE LAw oF THE SEA (UNCLOS) (U.N. Doc. A/ CONF. 62/122). New York: United Nations, 1982.

UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR OcEAN AFFAIRSANDTHE LAwOFTHE SEA, THE LAw OF THE SEA: BASELINES (U.N. Sales No. E88.v.5). New York: United Nations, 1989.

UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR OcEAN AFFAIRS AND THE LAW OF THE SEA, THE LAw oF THE SEA: REGIME oF IsLANDS (U.N. Sales No.E.87.v.II). New York: United Nations, 1988.

United States Department of Defense MARITIME CLAIMS REFERENCE MANUAL. 2 vols. (DoD 2005.1-M). Washington, D.C.: Department of Defense, 1987.

United States Geographer. LIMITS IN THE SEAS 109 vols. Bureau of Intelligence and Research, United States Department of State, (1970-1988).

234 Special Documents

Van Dyke, J. M., ed. INTERNATIONAL NAVIGATION: RocKs AND SHoALS AHEAD. Rhode Island: The Law of the Sea Institute, 1986.

VIENNA CoNVENTION ON THE LAW OF TREATIES (U.N. Doc. A/CONF.39/27). New York: United Nations, 1969.

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THE LAw OF THE SEA: NATIONAL LEGISLATION oN THE ExcLUSIVE EcoNOMIC ZoNE, THE EcoNOMIC ZoNE AND THE ExcLUSIVE FISHERY ZoNE. New York: United Nations, 1986.

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McDougal, Myres S., and William T. Burke. THE PuBLIC 0RDEROFTHE OcEANs: A CoNTEMPORARY INTERNATIONAL LAw oF THE SEA. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1962.

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Westerman, Gay! S. THE JuRIDICAL BAY. Oxford and New York: Clarendon Press, 1987.

Wetzel, Ralf G., comp. and Dietrich Rauschning ed. THE VIENNA CoNVENTION oN THE LAw oF TREATIES: TRAVAux PREPARATOIRES. Frankfurt: Alfred Metzner Verlag, 1978.

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Name Index

Alvarez, A. 36-7 Asplund, L. E. G. 38

Boggs, Whittemore 3, 12-13, 38, 191 Bush, George 226

Cordova, R. 43 Couillault, M.P. V. 38

Fran9ois, J.P. A. 38-45, 47-8, 52, 92n, 95, 153n, 165, 180n

Garcia Amador, F. V. 38

Hackworth, Green 35 Hsu, Shuhsi 35-6, 43, 109, 195 Hunter Miller, David 13

James I of England

Kennedy, R. H. 38

238

Lauterpacht, Sir Hersch 43-5, 48-9, 56, 62, 194

Manningham-Buller, Sir Reginald 52

McNair, Arnold 26 Meyer, C. (C. B. V.) 21-3

Nixon, Richard 216

Pal, R. 44 Prescott, J. R. V. (John Robert

Victor) 105-6

Reagan, Ronald 226

Sandstrom, A. E. F. 43, 46 Spiropoulos, J. 45

Weidel, Joseph 122n

Subject Index

Africa 21 Alaska 7 Argentina 65, 181 Association of South East Asian

Nations (ASEAN) 224--5 Atlantic, the 7 atolls and reefs 94 Australia 87~8, 121~2, 123, 139,

l50n

Bahamas, the 65 Bahrain 183 Bangladesh 50, 57-61, 69~ 70, 168,

183, 186--7, 211n baselines xiv; definition of In;

envelope of arcs of circles method for 13~15, 27, 30-2, 91, 191, 199~200, 206, 230; history of I~ 18; "low-water mark" and xiv, xv, 9~13, 15~18, 26--7, 29, 116; problems with "the coast" in relation to 3-4

baselines, straight: appropriate points in determining 163-4; archipelagic states and 62~ 70; Bangladesh and 58~61; basepoints for 91~5; claims of states and see chapter 5; "coast v. coastline" and 83-4; coastal direction and 95~8; exceptions to use of 100-2; general international recognition of 93-4; hydrosphere v. terra firma and 84; I.C.J. indirection on 216--7; Inter-Agency Committee of Experts on 39-43, 209, 211~12, 223; "internal waters" and 98~ 100, I 04; islands and 82~8; island hopping and 94--5; invalid use

of 118~90; length limits on 51~2, 74; L.O.S. and 57-69; misuse of islands, etc. in determining 164--78; "mix and match" approach to 60; need for clarification of 73~5; new policy on l98~end; problems with maintaining current system 191 ~8; restrictions on drawing 91; rigidity v. flexibility with 45~6;

Scandinavian proposals re 50; sea basepoints for 178~88; strict interpretation of 75~7; ten-mile maximum for 40-3, 47, 52~3; U.K. proposals re 53-4; U.N. Convention (1958) and 55~6

Bay of Bengal 57~8, 168 Bay of Biscay 21 Bay of Fundy 4 Belgium 52 Boston harbor 9 British Admiralty Charts 7~8 Bulgaria 64 Burma 65, 143, 168~73, 187

Cambodia 136, 172, 174 Cameroon 144--5 Canada 54, 62, 64, 107, 111~15,

l50n, 166--70 cannon-shot rule 2 "cartohypnotism" 3 Chile 62, I 72, 17 5~6, 181 , 229 China 51, 151 coastline, definition of 78, 80-2,

83-4, 103 coastline, unstable 101~2

Colombia 144, 146--7, 175, 177 colonial charters 2

239

240 Subject Index

Committee for Program and Coordination of the Special Representative (U.N.), Law of the Sea Affairs Program, proposal for a 208-9

Common Heritage 196-7, 203, 206, 209-14, 222

Corfu Channel 99 Cuba 122, 124 customs law xiii

Denmark 50--1, Ill, 142n, 181, 203

Ecuador 154--6 environmental protection laws xm Equatorial Guinea 144 European Community (E.C.) 223--4 European Court of Justice 223--4 exclusive economic zone

(E.E.Z.) xiii, xv, 68-9, 86, 91, 96, 101, 105-6, 125, 172, 187, 194, 197, 204--6, 214, 217, 226

failed archipelagos 151--63 failed bays 136-51 Falkland Islands 163n Fiji 63 Finland 107-11, 181 First World War 19, 23 Fishery Acts (1885, 1889, 1895)

U.K. 22 Food and Agriculture Organization

(U.N.) 212--4 France 16n, 129-30, 156, 215 French West Africa 21 "fringe of islands", definition

of 82--4, 86-9, 90, 94, 98, 103, 165, 189

Gambia 125-7, 147 Geneva Convention on the

Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone (1958) xiii, xiv, xv, 15-16, 18, 48, 55-6, 60--1, 66, 68, 73--4, 77, 84n, 85, 87, 90, 92, 98, I 00--1, 163n, 17 5n, 203--4

Germany 22n, 52, 54, 59, 181, 229 Greece 54, 62

Guinea 131-2 Guinea-Bissau 125, 131 Guyana 187

Hague Conference on the Codification of International Law, the (1930) xiv, 11-17, 19n, 20, 191

Haiti 158, 160 Hawaii 7 Honduras 59

Iceland 46, 50-I, 125, 215 India 54, 62, 64, 187 Indonesia 60--2 Inter-American Juridical

Committee 224 International Council for the

Exploration of the Sea 22 International Court of Justice

(I.C.J.) xv, 21, 24, 26-38, 42, 45-6, 50, 55, 79-80, 93, 95-7, 99, 165, 172, 191-2, 198,.200, 203-5, 207, 216-8, 220

International Law Commission (I.L.C.) 37--49, 57, 59, 70, 74, 80, 83--4, 142, 153n, 164--5, 195

International Maritime Committee 229

International Maritime Organization (U.N.) 206, 212, 225

International Sea-Bed Authority 206, 208

International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea 208, 219

Iran 181, 183--4 Iraq 183 Ireland 107, 116 islands, changing definition of 84--6 Italy 54, 131, 133--4, 229

Japan 54--5, 64, 151, 178, 229

Kuril Islands dispute 151-2

Laos 65 Latin America 19

Subject Index 241

Latvia 16, 20 Law of the Sea Convention

(L.O.S.C.) xiii-xvi, 18n, 48-50, 57, 70, 73-4, 77, 80-1, 84n, 85, 87, 90, 92, 98, 100-2, 104, 107, Ill, 116, 164, 207, 210, 226; violations of 118-90

League of Nations II, 217 Libya 143 lighthouses, definition of 92-3 line-of-sight doctrine 2 localities, definition of 78-80

Madagascar 59--60, 147-8 Malaysia 65, 68-9 Maldives 160, 162-3 Marshall Plan 214 Mauritius 62 Mexico 62

National Ocean Survey (U.S.) 5 Netherlands, the 55, 64, 107, 116--8,

203 neutrality 2 New York harbor 8 New Zealand 62-3 Nigeria 144 Non-Governmental Organizations

(N.G.O.s) 228-9 North Atlantic Treaty Organization

(N.A.T.O.) 215-6 North Sea 21-3 Norway 16, 20-4, 26--37, 50, 54-5,

62, 80-1, 90, 97, 99, 107-9, 140-1, 181; Royal Decree (1935) 23-4, 26, 32, 36, 192

Oman 183 one-league limit 2 Organization of American States

(O.A.S.) 224 Organization for Economic

Cooperation and Development (O.E.C.D.) 214-15

Pacific, the 7, 10 Pakistan 65, 183 Peru 154

Philippines, the 68 Poland 16, 20 Portugal 21, 65 prizes jurisdiction 2

Qatar 183

range-of-vision doctrine 2 Report of the Commissioners on

Trawl-Net and Beam-Trawl Fishing (1885) 22

Report of the Sub-Committee on Territorial Waters (1926) II

right of innocent passage xiii, 44-5, 49, 52, 53n, 62, 195-7

satellite imagery 211 n Saudi Arabia 183 Scandinavia 42 Sea-Bed Authority (U.N.) 209-20 Sea-Bed Disputes Chamber of the

International Tribunal of the Law of the Sea (U.N.) 210, 219-20

Second World War 19 Senegal 125, 128, 147, 149-50 skjaergaard 21, 29, 82, 86--7, 90, 95,

116, 140, 165, 175 South Korea 175, 178-9 Spain 16n, 21, 156, !58 straits, passage through xiv Sweden 16, 20, 22n, 50, 54, I 07,

109-11, 181

taxation laws xiii terra firma I, 23, 27, 42, 48, 74, 84,

89, 97, 228 territorial sea xiii, 19n, 38-9, 43, 48,

59, 68-9, 74, 91, 101, 106, 164 Thailand 65, 136, 172 three-league limit 2 three-mile limit 2, 19, 27 tidal demarcation 5 tides, nature of 6--9 Tonga 60, 63 treaties, general interpretation

of 71-3 two-league limit 2

242 Subject Index

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.) (Russia) 16, 20, 22n, 65, 143, 150, 217, 225, 229

United Arab Emirates (U.A.E.) 183

United Kingdom (U.K.) 10, 21-4, 26--37, 51-4, 59, 163n, 191

United Nations (U.N.) 206--14, 218; U.N. Law of the Sea Group of Experts 74n, 76, 81, 87-9, 93, 99, 101, 207

United States (U.S.) 5, 7, 9-10, 12-13, 52-3, 178, 226--8;

Department of Defense 109; Department of State 74n, 89, 97, 109n, 150, 191; Navy 7, 10

Venezuela 183, 187-8 Vienna Convention on the Law of

Treaties 71-2, 85 Vietnam 61, 106--7, 133, 135-6, 172

Western Samoa 63

Yugoslavia 52, 87