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7/31/2019 Special Criminal Tribunals
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Series of military tribunals, held by victoriousAllied forces of World War II
Notable for the prosecution of prominentmembers of the political, military, andeconomic leadership of the defeated NaziGermany
Held in the city of Nuremberg, Bavaria,Germany, in 1945-1946, at the Palace of
Justice Initial trials were held from November 20,
1945 October 1, 1946
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Initiated a movement for the prompt
establishment of a permanent international
criminal court
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Two legal instruments London Agreement
Signed by representatives of the USA, UK, France and
the USSR, in London on August 8, 1945 Provided for the establishment of the International
Military Tribunal to try war criminals
Trial began on November 20, 1945
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Two legal instruments Law No. 10
Issued by the Allied Control Council in Berlin on
December 20, 1945 Closely resembled the London Agreement but provided
for war trials in each of the four zones of occupied
Germany
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International Military Tribunal for the FarEast (IMTFE), known as the Tokyo Trials,Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal or simply the
Tribunal, was convened on April 29, 1946,to try leaders of the Empire of Japan forthree types of crimes: Class A: crimes were reserved for those who
participated in a joint conspiracy to start wage war,and were brought against those in the highestdecision-making bodies
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Class B: crimes were reserved for those whocommitted conventional atrocities or crimes
against humanity
Class C: crimes were reserved for those in the
planning, ordering, authorization, or failure toprevent such transgressions at higher level in thecommand structure
Established to implement the Cairo
Declaration, Postdam Declaration,Instrument of Surrender and MoscowConference
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January 19, 1946, Gen. MacArthur issued
a special proclamation order for the
establishment of the said tribunal
The charter followed generally the model
set by the Nuremberg Trials
The tribunal was adjourned on November
12, 1948
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A United Nations court of law dealing with warcrimes that took place during the conflicts inthe Balkans in the 1990s
Provides victims an opportunity to voice thehorrors they witnessed and experiencedEstablished, in May 1993, by the United
Nations in response to mass atrocities then
taking place in Croatia and Bosnia andHerzegovina
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First war crimes court created by the UN andthe first international war crimes tribunal sincethe Nuremberg and Tokyo tribunals
Established by the Security Council inaccordance with Chapter VII of the UNCharter
The key objective is to try those individualsmost responsible for appalling acts such as
murder, torture, rape, enslavement,destruction of property and other crimes listedin the Tribunal's Statute
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Mandate and Jurisdiction To bring to justice those responsible for serious
violations of international humanitarian law
committed in the former Yugoslavia since 1991and thus contribute to the restoration and
maintenance of peace in the region
ICTY has jurisdiction over the territory of the
former Yugoslavia from 1991 onwards
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It has jurisdiction over individual persons and not
organizations, political parties, army units,
administrative entities or other legal subjects
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Created by the Security Council for
recognizing the serious violations of
humanitarian law committed in Rwanda,
and acting under Chapter VII of the United
Nations Charter
Purpose: to contribute to the process of
national reconciliation in Rwanda and tothe maintenance of peace in the region
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ICTR was established for the prosecution ofpersons responsible for genocide and otherserious violations of internationalhumanitarian law committed in the territory ofRwanda between 1 January 1994 and 31December 1994
May also deal with the prosecution ofRwandan citizens responsible for genocide
and other such violations of international lawcommitted in the territory of neighboringStates during the same period
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International Court of Justice
Special Court for Sierra Leone
Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of
Cambodia
Special Tribunal for Lebanon
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuremberg_Tri
als
Shelton, Dinah. "War Crimes Trials."
Microsoft Encarta 2007Microsoft Encarta 2007. 1993-2006 MicrosoftCorporation. All rights reserved.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Military_Tribunal_for_the_Far_East
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuremberg_Trialshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuremberg_Trialshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Military_Tribunal_for_the_Far_Easthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Military_Tribunal_for_the_Far_Easthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Military_Tribunal_for_the_Far_Easthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Military_Tribunal_for_the_Far_Easthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuremberg_Trialshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuremberg_Trials7/31/2019 Special Criminal Tribunals
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http://www.icty.org/sections/AbouttheICTY
http://www.unictr.org/AboutICTR/GeneralIn
formation/tabid/101/Default.aspx
http://www.un.org/en/law/index.shtml
http://www.icty.org/sections/AbouttheICTYhttp://www.unictr.org/AboutICTR/GeneralInformation/tabid/101/Default.aspxhttp://www.unictr.org/AboutICTR/GeneralInformation/tabid/101/Default.aspxhttp://www.un.org/en/law/index.shtmlhttp://www.un.org/en/law/index.shtmlhttp://www.unictr.org/AboutICTR/GeneralInformation/tabid/101/Default.aspxhttp://www.unictr.org/AboutICTR/GeneralInformation/tabid/101/Default.aspxhttp://www.icty.org/sections/AbouttheICTY