Speaker at All India J Dr. Conference 2012

7/30/2019 Speaker at All India J Dr. Conference 2012

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Ms. Shivali Chauhan& Ms. Shaily Chauhan,Nutritionist & Dietitian

Effect of Dietary Patterns &

Lifestyle Behaviors on Health

4th November 2012


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Common

Dietary

Patterns:

CommonDietary

Practices


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Influential factors: Impact on Diet

unique foods

likes/dislikes Convenience

foods

Popularity of

Foreign foods:

healthy/frozenfunctional

Lifestyle

Lifecycle

Upbringing

Overeating

Under-eating

Fear of

Fatness

Restrictedfoods

Eg. Potato by

Jainism,

Onions by

Swaminarayan

Food as statussymbol

Low socio-eco

High Socio-

eco

Local foods Seasonal

foods

Food allergy Food

intolerance


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Other Influential Factors: Dietary

Patterns for Stages of Life Cycle


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Extra calorie [200 kcal]/day, fluid, iron,folic acid [400ug/day], fibre [25g/day]

Lifestyle - Avoid alcohol / smoking/regular

non-strenuous exercise

Increase intake of Vit A, Vit C ,

Calcium rich foods

Pregnant Women
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Infants

Breast-feeding = for first 6 months

Advantages for baby

lower risk of infection

protection against allergens

provides correct mix and quantity of nutrients

Advantages for mother

No preparation needed

Help with weight loss after birth,

Associated with lower risk of certain cancers;

eg. breast, ovarian

Vitamin A, C & D and calcium all important for infants


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Infants: Mums choose not to or are unable to

breast feed use Bottle fed [cows milk] / infant

formula

Babies [more than 6 month]:

Weaningtransition on to a mixed diet

Toddlers: introductory foods; pureed cooked

vegetables and pureed fruit

Infants, Babies and Toddlers


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Pre-School / School Age Children

Childrens families exert most influence

over their eating and physical activity habits

1 -4 Years Energy &

Nutrients [Calcium,

Vit D,Fiber, Iron

Fat, Salt,Sugar

5 yrs Balanced food

[Macro & Micro

Nutrients]

Fat, Salt,Sugar


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Primary School Children

Continually growing, developing physically,

cognitively and emotionally, peer pressure

Prone to:

Iron deficiencyinclude iron rich foods eg.

fortified breakfast cereals (Vit. C to aid

absorption)

Constipation fibre and fluids encouraged,

eg. Fruit & vegetables, wholegrain breads &

cereals

Bone disorders - Calcium requirements should be

met due to bone formation; prevention of

osteoporosis


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Adolescents

Influential

Factors

Biological, psychosocial

and cognitive changes

affect nutritional status

Rapid growth increases

nutrient needs

Need for independence,

peer pressure, Nutrient

deficiences

Diet

requirements

calcium and Vitamin D

to build bone density

Iron to prevent iron-

deficiency anaemia

Watch intake of high

salt, high sugar and

fatty foods


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choices to support physical and mental

health and well-being in old age

Main health issues; obesity, inactivity,

high cholesterol, high blood pressure,

prevention of diseases e.g. CVD, cancer

Influential

Factors

Reduce fat intake [30% or less]

Intake of fruit and vegetables

[ > 5portions/day] Maintain moderate protein intake

Limit salt [less 6g/day] (FSA, 2010)

Limit alcohol intake with 2-3 alcohol free days

in the week

[ Women: 2-3 units/day; Men: 3-4units/day]

Requirement

Adults [ 21-59 yrs]


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Older People [ >60 Years]

INFLUENTIAL

FACTOR

S decrease inmuscle mass,

slower uptake

of vitamin A,

decline in

immune

function,

decreasedabsorption of

certain vitamins

and minerals

REQUIREMENT

S fibre(constipation),

calcium and

Vitamin D

(fractures),

Vitamin B12Iron (anaemia)

Protein & zinc(woundhealing)


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Faulty DietaryPatterns - Effects

on Health


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Leading Causes of Death

Diseases that afflict people and cause deathfall into Infectious orDegenerative Diseases

Other causes: accidents, violence, suicide Some have link to diet &/or lifestyle choices

I t f Lif t l Di t Ri k F t Lif t l Ri k F t


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Impact of Lifestyle

choices pose a

Risk Factors on

DegenerativeDiseases & Vice

versa

Diet Risk Factors Lifestyle Risk Factors

Lif t l h i & i k f t


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AtherosclerosisStroke and

heart attack

Hypertension

Diabetes

Some cancers

Obesity

Gallbladder

disease

Lifestyle choices & risk factors:These conditions itself are risk factors

Risk factor: environmental/behavioral/social/genetic

*Interaction among diseases

E.g.: Diabetes is likely to develop atherosclerosis

hypertension. These two conditions, in turn, worsen

each other


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Learning:

So start eliminating risk factorsthat you can control..


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Lifestyle Major risk factors:

Heart Disease


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Lifestyle Major risk factors:

Cancer

Risk factors :

Genetics /Viral infections/Smoking

Being overweight or obese isimplicated in as many as 15% of

cancers

Lack of physical activity implicatedin colon and breast cancer

Stress

High consumption of caffeine


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Impact of DIET on Cancer

Poor diet implicated in 20-50% ofcancers. Diets high in red meat and fats.Low fiberintake and alcohol abuse alsoimplicated.

Saturated and trans fats act as promoters- associated with breast cancers.

Excess omega 6 fatty acids may promotecancer, omega 3 fatty acids may be

protective. High calorie intake and obesity are linked

to several cancers.

Tobaccolinked to head, neck, lung and

other cancers .


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Alcohollinked to mouth, throat, breast

and liver cancers

High heat cooking (blackening,Bar-B-Cue)meats and carbohydrate rich

foods. Increases carcinogens in air and

on foods.

Iron overloadassociated with colon

cancer.

Impact of DIET on Cancer


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Increase intake of fluids & reducealcoholassociated with bladder

cancer

Intake of : Fruits and veggies:

vitamins (antioxidants) and fiber,

Calcium and other minerals

Phytochemicals and cruciferous

veggies

Dietary Role in Prevention/control

for Cancer


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high in fiberand fluid

high in fruit

low in saturated andtrans fats

high in whole

grains

little or noalcohol

high in

vegetables

adequate innutrients

moderate incalories


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Diet & Health Directions to thrive


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Documents

Speaker at All India J Dr. Conference 2012