SPC 1315 / 1321

Dr. Tony DeMars

Planned Schedule

Today: Chaps 1-3, start 4-8Wednesday: Chaps. 4-8, impromptu

Outline & note card emailed by Wed. 10pm Hard copy start of class Thursday, stapled

Thursday: Intro SpeechMotivational topicInformative & Persuasive Speech topicsInterview Project

Planned ScheduleInterview Project

Select a job ad Create or fine tune a résumé Email rough draft by Fri

(rtv309@yahoo.com)Schedule an information gathering visit

and otherwise gather research In email -- short report about the visit

Schedule an interview

Remember…

Learning to speak?Realizing you were saying something

wrong?Feeling unsure of your communication

in a group or one-on-one?Thinking about how well you conveyed

a message?Not remembering someone’s name?

Getting started

Four parts of a proper speech: Research & development -- your own work Submission of rough draft then final

materials Creation of presentation aids Practice sessions and evaluation Presentation of speech

‘Giving a Speech’

Research – not just Internet, citing sources, learning and sharing information

Outlines and notes --- first drafts, final drafts, note card

Speech organization Delivery

gestures, movement, eye contact, speech patterns, appearance

Evaluating the audience PowerPoint? This use, vs. a speech

Questions?

Prep steps

Rough draft / final draft materialsResearch and full sentence outlines

APA style for citing sourcesFinal draft outline required for speech

Getting Started

Fear of Public Speaking Rather have a root canal Feared more than death But, really?

Benefit of good communication skills Ability to be more involved in groups Better chances in getting a job Better ability to organize and present ideas

How to improve? Understanding and practice

Some things related to Chap. 1

Course outline has sample questions related to a broader area of each chapter than we cover in class

http://www.tonydemars.comhttp://faculty.tamuc.edu/ tdemarsIn each case, click on SPC Class, then

also see links on course outline

Communication Process

Similar to p. 11Sender / encoding (meaning) / channel /

noise / decoding / feedback

Public Speaking

‘Giving a Speech’ Occasions: Business presentation,

graduation speaker, after-dinner, eulogy (‘impromptu’ for tomorrow)

‘Capital S’ Speech: podium, stage, large audience

Note: podium vs. lectern Note: accent vs. dialect Public Speaking: ‘an event when a group of

people agree that one person, the speaker, will direct the event.’

Scholarly interpretation

Scholars of preliterate societies remind us that speech is the most fundamental tool of social organization. 

Walter Ong special feature of oral cultures: when the spoken word was the only form of preserving culture, speech had to be memorable.

Marshall MacLuhan and other media scholars coined the term ‘secondary orality’ to describe the rekindling of a preference for intense, visceral, immediate kinds of communication.

Aristotle

Three genres of speaking Forensic (like a courtroom) Deliberative (legislature) Epideictic / ceremonial (praise / blame)

Three categories of persuasive appeals Logos -- most fundamental: logic and intellectual

substance Pathos -- motivational appeals Ethos -- credibility of the speaker

Aristotle said a speaker’s character is the most important means of persuasion he possesses.

Public Speaking is Meaning Centered

Many other factors and intellectual evaluations, but ultimately...

Meaning Centered Meaning is social Meaning is contextual Meaning is negotiated in discouse

(hegemony)Johari Window / similar to book’s four

‘stages of learning skills’

Three Communication Resources

Draw on your conversation skills Relaxed, spontaneous, responsive to the

situation, expression of feelings, compassion to others

Draw on your writing skills Brainstorming, tinkering with ideas,

attention to word choices and organizationDraw on your performance skills

Timing, emotional build-up, eye contact

Common Misconceptions

Good speakers are born, not madeGood speaking should be easy right

awaySpeaking will always be as difficult as it

is when you’re first learning itThere are simple formulas for public

speakingPublic speaking is mostly about

performance

Public Speaking

Five Steps: Plan, Investigate, Compose, Practice, Present Most time? Investigate / compose / practice Speech nervousness? Incomplete preparation

Types of delivery: Impromptu, Memorized, Extemporaneous

We are doing extemporaneous (that uses a full sentence outline and note card)

Types of content: lectures, informative speeches, persuasive speeches, ceremonial speeches, motivational speeches... Our main speeches: Informative and Persuasive

Chap. 2 -- Listening

Communication Model

Sender / channel / noise / receiver / feedback

We spend much more time listening than speaking

Doing it a lot does not equate to doing it well

Training ourselves to be good listeners

Preparing to Listen

Remove distractions (physical / mental)Stop TalkingDecide on your purpose as a listenerBe both curious and critical

Show respect for the speaker Be open to the speaker’s point of view

Improving Listening

Follow the structure of the speech Speaker should have a good structure Assess speaker’s claims, ask questions at

designated timeProvide constructive feedback

Start with the positive Make important comments first Be descriptive Offer suggestions, not orders

Improving Listening

Listen to optimize learning Paraphrase Ask follow-up questions TAKE NOTES!

Listen holistically Listen at multiple levels Listen between the lines Listen to silences

Listening pitfalls

Daydreaming, doodling (surfing) Superficial qualities of speaker as distraction Uncritically accepting a message Prematurely or totally rejecting a message Planning your response or rebuttal instead of

listening Dominating the feedback time, or withdrawn

from the process

Speech critiques

Guide you toward following these listening issues

Part of your gradeRequire relevant commentsNOTICE -- the links for your speech

evaluation page and the speech critique pages are NOT the same

Questions / Discussion

Why is listening important to public speaking?

What advice would you give a friend required to give feedback to coworkers?

What listening pitfalls do you find most challenging?

Does ‘multitasking’ interfere with the communication process?

Chap. 3 -- Ethics

Two categories of ethical theories: Deontological: duty based Teleological: consequence-based

Deontological: Judeo-Christian (the right)

Teleological: Utilitarian (the good)Every action has an ethical dimension.Ethical decisions are rarely clear-cut.Ethical decisions vary with context.

Ethics in speaking

Never plagiarize Never fabricate / lie

Videotaped / checked with turnitin.com Sources checked

Don’t oversimplify Don’t use propaganda

Name-calling, glittering generalities, testimonials, ‘just plain folks,’ card stacking, bandwagon, trasference

Be sensitive to your audience Content and ideas

Legal issues vs. ethics

Libelous commentsPrivacy lawsEncitementHate SpeechFirst Amendment protectionsLaw allows much more than ethics, in

the U.S.

Speech samples as time permits Motivational or persuasive?

Ethics? Propaganda? Informative --or persuasive? Cloning

Evidence? Transitions? Delivery? “God intended”? Dinosaurs and Terrorists? Citations?

Persuasive ? -- or motivational? Correction of errors? Clear overview? Enough evidence? (answers.com as a source?) His verbal ‘filling in of silence? His attention getting technique? His ‘are you ready’? Pounding the lectern a problem?

Bad Informative Speech

Reminders

Course Outline and Syllabus on web site Grades on Engrade -- estimates of average E-mail: only Tony.DeMars@tamu-c

Speech content ONLY to rtv309@yahoo.com (except ... Visual PP)

Tests not returned -- come see Speech preparations and practice Reading vs. class notes:

Next -- overcoming fear, speech planning

Questions?