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Spatial Database Systems. Tyler Reainthong CSE 7330 Fall 2009. Topics. Definitions Storage and Indexing Spatial Relationships Spatial Queries Standards Systems Applications and the Future. What is a Spatial Database?. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Spatial Database Systems
Spatial Database SystemsTyler ReainthongCSE 7330Fall 2009
TopicsDefinitionsStorage and IndexingSpatial RelationshipsSpatial QueriesStandardsSystemsApplications and the Future
What is a Spatial Database?Database that models space, objects in space, or a combination of both
Provide capabilities to store and manipulate spatial data as well as find various interactions between them
What is a Spatial Database? (cont)Uses spatial data types (SDTs) and spatial indexes
Uses spatial queries which are able to work with the spatial data types
Usually provides these capabilities as an extension to a standard RDBMS
What is Spatial Data?Each vendors implementation will consist of different spatial data types
Each type can be abstracted to basic geometric primitives which consist of:PointsLinesPolygons/Regions
What is Spatial Data? (cont)PointCan define locations of interestUsed when you do not care about the extent of the objectCan be used to define spaceLandMap boundariesGrids
6What is Spatial Data? (cont)LineCan be straight, arcing or a combination of bothCan be used to define movement and connections between spatial objects
7What is Spatial Data? (cont)Polygon/RegionBasic shapes (box, square, triangle, etc.)May have holes
8Spatial Data Types (SDTs)Spatial Data Types often referred to as geometries can either be defined as one or more spatial data primitive typesExample Oracle Spatial SDO_GTYPE:
Source: http://www.oreillynet.com/network/2003/11/10/oracle_spatial.html
9Spatial StorageCreating a normal table with an additional spatial column in Oracle Spatial
Source: http://www.oreillynet.com/network/2003/11/10/oracle_spatial.html
10Spatial IndexingR-TreesSimilar to B-trees but allow indexing for multidimensional dataCreates minimum bounding boxes that essentially partition the spatial data into hierarchical rectangular shaped boxesThese boxes provide rough approximations of the geometries which optimizes query performance
11Spatial Indexing (cont)Example R-Tree
Source: http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/idshelp/v10/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.rtree.doc/rtree29.htm
12Spatial Indexing (cont)Quad-TreesRecursively divide space into four quadrants
Source: http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/idshelp/v10/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.rtree.doc/rtree29.htm
13Spatial RelationshipsSpatial relationships can be categorized into three different typesTopological relationshipsContains, Inside, Covers, Adjacent, Touch, DisjointDirectional relationshipsAbove, Below, West of, East ofMetric relationshipsDistances between two geometriesEach vendor may or may not implement certain relationships as a function
14Spatial Relationships (cont)Oracle Spatial supports the following relationships
Source: http://docs.autodesk.com/TOPOBSCLNT/2010/ENU/Autodesk%20Topobase%202010%20User%20Documentation/images/ISD/Everest-ALL/English/pic_admin_oracle_spatial.png
15Spatial QueriesSQL can work with spatial data types
Spatial operators and functions can also be used with SQL
16Spatial Queries (cont)Spatial Query Examples in PostGISSource: http://postgis.refractions.net/docs/ch04.html#id2538511
17Spatial Queries (cont)Spatial Query Examples in PostGISSource: http://postgis.refractions.net/docs/ch04.html#id2538511
18Standards and SpecificationsStandards and specifications governed by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC)http://www.opengeospatial.orgDefines standard Geographic Information Systems (GIS) object types, functions associated with them, and metadata tablesSimple Feature Access Architecturehttp://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/sfa
m19Some Spatial DBMS SystemsOracle SpatialPostgreSQL with PostGIS extensionMySQLMicrosoft SQL Server 2008IBM DB2 with Spatial Extender
m20Applications and the FutureGIS/MappingCAD and GIS integrationLocation based servicesSpatial data is becoming ubiquitousEnvironmentalHealth sectorsAgriculturalGeologicalHazard managementMilitary and intelligence
m21Bibliographyhttp://portal.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=615206&type=pdf&coll=Portal&dl=GUIDE&CFID=60495778&CFTOKEN=48744014http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/idshelp/v10/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.rtree.doc/rtree29.htmhttp://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/network/2003/11/10/oracle_spatial.htmlhttp://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B10501_01/appdev.920/a96630/sdo_objrelschema.htmhttp://postgis.refractions.net/docs/ch04.htmlhttp://www.oracle.com/technology/products/oracle9i/pdf/OracleSpatial.pdfhttp://docs.autodesk.com/TOPOBSCLNT/2010/ENU/Autodesk%20Topobase%202010%20User%20Documentation/index.html?url=WS73099cc142f48755b0eae110a8ea4f1d98a3.htm,topicNumber=d0e17737http://edndoc.esri.com/arcsde/9.1/general_topics/understand_spatial_relations.htmhttp://www.oracle.com/technology/products/spatial/htdocs/spatial_stds_support.htmlhttp://www.oracle.com/technology/products/spatial/pdf/lvvw_narrowingthegap.pdfhttp://www.oracle.com/technology/products/spatial/index.htmlhttp://www.gisdevelopment.net/application/index.htm
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