Sparta and Athens

Chapter 7-2

Forms of government

• First, nobles ruled

• Second, tyrants – someone who takes power by force (had the backing of the common people)

• Then – Oligarchy – a small group of people have power

• Last – democracy – all citizens share the power of the government

Sparta

• Founded by Dorians

• Did not set up colonies

• Conquered and enslaved people***Helots – the conquered slaves (captive

worker)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Sparta_ruins.PNG

Sparta

***Military (boys and men)– Boys left for military barracks at age 7– Men entered regular army at age 20– Men were allowed to return home at age 30– Men stayed in the army until age 60

Phalanx

Hoplite

Sparta

• Women– Trained in sports– Kept fit to become healthy mothers– Ran the house while husband was away in

the army– Could own property

Sparta

• Government – Oligarchy***led by two kings

***Council of elders – 28 citizens over the age of 60

– Assembly – all Spartan men • Voted in laws• Chose the 5 ephors who enforced laws and

managed taxes

Sparta

• Did not encourage foreign visitors

• Banned travel to other city-states

Sparta

• Because they spent so much energy and time on military, they fell behind other Greeks in trade, math, science, etc.

Athens

***Schools for boys– Reading– Writing– Math– Sports– music

Athens

• Girls– Stayed home with their mothers– Learned household duties– Wealthy girls learned reading, writing, music

Athens

• Government– 600’s B.C. – Oligarchy– 594 B.C. – ***Solon took over

• Canceled farmers’ debts• Freed slaves• Allowed all citizens to be in the assembly

Solon

Athens

• Government– Peisistratus- 560 B.C.

• Divided large estates among poor farmers• Loaned money to poor• Gave poor jobs

Athens

• Government ***Cleisthenes 508 B.C.

• Assembly members could vote on laws• Reorganized the assembly• Could hear court cases• Created new council of 500 citizens picked by

lottery• Credited with creating the democracy

Athena