SpaceUp Stuttgart, 27 October, University of Stuttgart, Germany

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Slide 1

Establishment of a Establishment of a Spaceport Network Spaceport Network ArchitectureArchitecture

SpaceUp StuttgartOctober 27, 2012

Graeme Taylor

International Space UniversityUniversity of StuttgartPaul Nizenkov

SpaceUp Stuttgart, 27 October, University of Stuttgart, Germany

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Slide 2

An International Space University Space Studies Program 2012 Team Project Florida Institute of Technology NASA Kennedy Space Centre

The ProjectThe Project

SpaceUp Stuttgart, 27 October, University of Stuttgart, Germany

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Slide 3

Team MembersTeam Members

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Slide 5

The classic problem – access to space is expensive!

The ISECG Global Exploration Roadmap – to Mars! (via Moon or Asteroid first) All situation require large mass to

various locations in space

Less expensive access to space will open up new markets

The Problem and ContextThe Problem and Context

SpaceUp Stuttgart, 27 October, University of Stuttgart, Germany

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Slide 6

Operations And Service Infrastructure for Space

‘Servicing you on your way to the stars’

SpaceUp Stuttgart, 27 October, University of Stuttgart, Germany

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The OASIS ProjectThe OASIS Project

Operations and Service Infrastructure for Space

Identify spaceport functions, capabilities and services

Assess existing capabilities of terrestrial spaceports

Assess market opportunities, service availability, market risk and possible business cases

Select appropriate spaceport nodes and services that meet governmental space exploration and commercial development needs, while being commercially sustainable

Proposal of a phased roadmap for development of the spaceport network architecture

SpaceUp Stuttgart, 27 October, University of Stuttgart, Germany

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Slide 8

Network ArchitectureNetwork Architecture

2015-2025

2025-2045

2045-

SpaceUp Stuttgart, 27 October, University of Stuttgart, Germany

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Slide 9

Network Metro Map AnalogyNetwork Metro Map Analogy

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Key elements Tug Servicer Orbital Platform Water Tanks

Modular and extensible

Orbit: 300km@28.5°

Node 1 – LEONode 1 – LEO

Orbital Platform major components Power (kW)

Mass (kg)

Tank, thermal protection and debris shielding

0 1500

AOCS -0.2 200 Electrolyzer, radiator and cryocooler -200 6300 Thin film amorphous silicon photovoltaic arrays

+206 550

Communication systems and antennas -0.3 30 Robotic arm for the solar panels 0.4 300 Total +5.5 8580

SpaceUp Stuttgart, 27 October, University of Stuttgart, Germany

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Slide 11

Node 1 – LEONode 1 – LEO

Water Tank

PropellantGeneration

DockingAdapter

Tug

Solarpanels

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Node 1 – Tug ServicerNode 1 – Tug Servicer

Tug ServicerMajor Components

Mass

[kg]Engine, 110kN thrust (Pratt and Whitney Rocketdyne)

400

Structure, thermal and aerobraking drag device

600

Tanks with passive cooling 1600

Robotic arms 200Fuel cells, 4kW 20Communication systems and antennas

30

Attitude and orbital control 50Total dry mass 290

0

Capable of tugging 9 tons into GEO from LEO Reusable with deployable aerobraking device Tele-operated from Earth

SpaceUp Stuttgart, 27 October, University of Stuttgart, Germany

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Slide 13

Node 1 Node 1 –– Concept of Operations Concept of Operations

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Key elements Reusable Moon Shuttle Regolith

Excavator(s)/Hauler(s) Launch/Landing Pad Regolith Processing Water Generation (150t/y) Storage

(Propellant/Water)

Miniaturized robotics paving the way for future human presence

Node 2 – Moon SurfaceNode 2 – Moon Surface

Total Mass [kg] 26,500Initial Investment Range [$M]

4,500 - 9,100

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Slide 15

Easy access due to low gravity field Facilitating access to Mars surface

Use of Spaceport Node 2 technology Possible use of Phobos regolith for construction

Potential water resources Mars crossing asteroids Asteroid belt

Extension of the Network intoinner Solar System Enabling missions beyond

Node 3 – PhobosNode 3 – Phobos

Credit: NASA/JPL/Malin Space Science Systems

SpaceUp Stuttgart, 27 October, University of Stuttgart, Germany

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Slide 16

Need for a sustainable business case for all phases of the of the network architecture:

Node 1: Tug Services for commercial satellite sector as well possible refueling of exploration missions

Node 2: Supply of ISRU derived propellant to cis-lunar and earth orbit market

Node 3: Similar to Node 2, but in the vicinity of Mars

*(For the numbers of the closed business case see the IAC Paper or Full Report)

Business CaseBusiness Case

SpaceUp Stuttgart, 27 October, University of Stuttgart, Germany

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Slide 17

Node 1 – Value PropositionNode 1 – Value Proposition

Place GEO spacecraft in operation orbit for less by: Always sending maximum mass (9 tons) to LEO

Prices per kg get lower If payload <9t, water launched to refill spaceport

Use of small size launch vehicles to enter GEO market

Opportunity for heavy launchers to send higher mass to the Moon, Mars and beyond

Other tug based services (Space Debris removal etc)

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Slide 18

Lunar ISRU derived propellant and consumables less expensive than Earth supplied ones to: Cis-lunar markets Earth orbit markets Beyond

Regolith derived resources supplied throughout the spaceport network

Node 2 – Value PropositionNode 2 – Value Proposition

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Slide 19

Legal FrameworkLegal Framework

ISECGMember States

International Spaceports Authority

(ISPA)

ISPA TreatyMemorandum of

Understanding(MoU) Members

States

Call for p

roposal

Privates companie

s

The Spaceports Company

(SPC)Private Investment

Operate

Publ

ic

Inve

stm

ent

Regulate

SpaceUp Stuttgart, 27 October, University of Stuttgart, Germany

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Slide 20

ConclusionConclusion

Defined a spaceport network with 3 nodes LEO Moon Martian moon Phobos

Game changing solution with profitable services Lowering overall cost of access to space Boosting commercial space market

Flexible network architecture able to adapt to different exploration destinations

More info on: www.oasisnext.com

SpaceUp Stuttgart, 27 October, University of Stuttgart, Germany

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Slide 21

AcknowledgementsAcknowledgementsTeam Project FacultyOASIS Team Project Chair OASIS Team Project Co-ChairOASIS Team Project Co-ChairOASIS Team Project Teaching

Associate

Wiley Larson, Stevens Institute of

TechnologyTracy Gill, NASA (KSC)

Rob Mueller, NASA (KSC) Jeffrey Brink, NASA (KSC)

Mike Vinje, NASA (KSC)Scott D. Vangen, NASA (KSC)Jack Fox, NASA (KSC)Raymond M. Wheeler, NASA (KSC)Carolyn Mizell, NASA (KSC)Andy Aldrin, United Launch AllianceEric Perritt, NASA (KSC)Chuck Tatro, NASA (KSC)Michelle Murray, FAACarol Carnett, ISU StaffCarol Larson, ISU Staff

Noel Siemon, ISU StaffRob Kelso, NASA (JSC)

G. Wayne Finger, Reynolds, Smith & Hills

Philip Metzger, NASA (KSC)John Connolly, NASA (JSC)

Dan Britt, University of Central Florida

Mike Conroy, NASA (KSC)Bec Mazzone, NASA (KSC)

Bill Larson, NASA (KSC)Stacey Solomone, ISU Staff

James Burke, ISU AlumniMike Renoe, FITKirby Moughan, FIT

SpaceUp Stuttgart, 27 October, University of Stuttgart, Germany

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Slide 22

Questions?

www.oasisnext.com

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Slide 23

RANDOM SLIDES!RANDOM SLIDES!

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Slide 24

Business ExampleBusiness Example

If we consider Falcon 9:

Commercial price: 54 Million USDMaximum mass to GTO: 4.85 Tons

Case 1 Case 2

4.85 4.0Mass sent to GTO (Tons)Cost per kg ($/kg)

11,134 13,500

21% increase in cost!

Our solution is cheaper as we always use the maximum payload mass

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Slide 25

PricePrice

Fuel: tug+ payload LEO to GTO: 8,730 kg Water: LEO to GTO: 11,174kg

Earth to GTO = $71.8M for 9t payload (payload: $4000 / kg & water: $3200 / kg )

+ 10% operating cost + 20% profit margin = $98.7M

$10,963/kg for 9t < $11,134 /kg for 4.85t on

Falcon 9

SpaceUp Stuttgart, 27 October, University of Stuttgart, Germany

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Slide 26

CostsCosts

Node 1 $300M - $1B 5 year development period

Node 2 $4.5B - $9.1B 10 year development period

If 10 countries commit: Node 1 $6M-20M/Year/Country for 5

years Node 2 $45M-100M/Year/Country for 10

years