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Space Tourism is space travel for recreational,
leisureorbusinesspurposes. A number ofstartup companieshave sprung
up in recent years, hoping to create aspace tourism
industry.Orbital space tourism opportunities have been limited and
expensive, with only the RussianSpace Agencyproviding transport to
date. The publicized price for flights brokered bySpaceAdventuresto
the International Space Stationaboard a Russian Soyuz
spacecrafthave been
US$ 20
35 million, during the period 2001-2009. Some of space tourists
have signedcontracts with third parties to conduct certain research
activities while in orbit. Russia haltedorbital space tourism in
2010 due to the increase in the International Space Station crew
size,using the seats for expedition crews that would be sold to
paying spaceflight participants.However, tourist flights are
tentatively planned to resume in 2013, when the number ofsingle-use
three-person Soyuz launches could rise to five a year. As an
alternative term to"tourism", some organizations such as
theCommercial Spaceflight Federationuse the term"personal
spaceflight."
Orangutans are the only exclusivelyAsiangenusofextantgreat ape.
The largest livingarborealanimals, they have proportionally longer
arms than the other, more terrestrial, greatapes. They are among
the most intelligentprimatesand use a variety of sophisticated
tools,also making sleeping nests each night from branches and
foliage. Their hair is typicallyreddish-brown, instead of the brown
or black hair typical of other great apes.
Native toIndonesiaandMalaysia, orangutans are currently found
only inrainforestson theislands ofBorneoandSumatra,
thoughfossilshave been found inJava,
theThai-MalayPeninsula,VietnamandMainland China. There are only two
surviving species, both of whichareendangered: theBornean
Orangutan(Pongo pygmaeus) and thecritically endangered
Sumatran Orangutan(Pongo abelii). The subfamilyPonginaealso
includes the extinct generaGigantopithecusandSivapithecus. The word
"orangutan" comes from theMalaywords"orang" (man) and "(h)utan"
(forest); hence, "man of the forest".
Orangutans are large apes that live in southeast Asia (on the
islands of Borneo andSumatra). These apes mostly live in trees
(they are arboreal) and swing from
branch to branch using their arms.
The word orangutan means "man of the forest" in the Malay
language. As itshabitats are being usurped by man, the orangutan's
population is decreasing and it
is in grave danger of extinction.
ANATOMYOrangutans have a large, bulky body, a thick neck, very
long, strong arms, short,
bowed legs, and no tail. Orangutans are about 2/3 the size of
thegorilla.
Hair:They are mostly covered with long reddish-brown hair.
The Head:
The orangutan has a large head with a prominent mouth area.
Adult males havelarge cheek flaps (which get larger as the ape
ages).
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iki/Borneohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainforesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arboreal_locomotionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_apehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extant_taxonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_Spaceflight_Federationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US$http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_%28spacecraft%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Space_Stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Adventureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Adventureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Space_Agencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Space_Agencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_space_tourism_companieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Startup_companieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Businesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leisurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recreationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_spaceflight
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Senses:Orangutans have senses very similar to ours, including
hearing, sight, smell, taste,and touch.
Hands and Feet:Orangutan hands are very much like ours; they
have four long fingers plus anopposable thumb. Their feet have four
long toes plus an opposable big toe.Orangutans can grasp things
with both their hands and their feet. The largest maleshave an arm
span of about 7.5 feet (2.3 m).
SIZEOrangutans are about 2/3 the size of thegorilla.
Orangutans Height Weight
Female 2.6-3.5 ft (0.8-1.1 m) 110 lb (50 kg)
Male 3.2-4.5 ft (1-1.4 m) 200 lb (90 kg)
DIETOrangutans are omnivores (they eat both plants and animals)
but are mostlyherbivorous (plants comprise most of their diet).
They eat fruit (their favorite food),leaves, seeds, tree bark,
plant bulbs, tender plant shoots, and flowers. They also eatinsects
and small animals (like birds and small mammals).
Orangutans don't even have to leave their tree branches to
drink, they drink waterthat has collected in the holes between tree
branches.
INTELLIGENCE AND LANGUAGEOrangutans are very intelligent. They
have been known to use found objects astools; for example, they use
leaves as umbrellas to keep the rain from getting themwet. They
also use leaves as cups to help them drink water.
BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL HABITSOrangutans are shy, solitary animals
that are active during the day (they arediurnal). They live alone
in large territories. This is probably due to their eatinghabits;
they need a large area in order to get enough food and too many
orangutansin one area might lead to starvation.
The only long-lasting orangutan social group is the mother and
offspring, who livetogether for about 7 years. When mating, the
male and female orangutan staytogether for only a few days.
Sleeping Platforms:Each evening, orangutans construct a "nest"
in the tree branches for the night in
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which they will curl up and sleep. These nests are made out of
leaves and branches.Nests are shared by a mother and her nursing
offspring. Sometimes, the orangutanwill use a leaf as a "roof" to
protect itself from the rain. Orangutans often nap inthe afternoon
after a morning spent obtaining food.
COMMUNICATION AND VOCALIZATIONMale orangutans are capable of
very long, loud calls (called "long calls") that carrythrough
forests for up to 0.6 mile (1 km). The "long call" is made up of a
series ofsounds followed by a bellow. These calls help the male
claim his territory, call tofemales, and keep out intruding male
orangutans. Males have a large throat sac thatlets them make these
loud calls.
LOCOMOTIONOrangutans usually move by swinging from one branch to
another; this
is called brachiating. Orangutans can also walk using their legs
(butrarely do). Orangutans do not swim.
LIFE SPANOrangutans live about 50 years in captivity; their life
span in the wild is only 30-45years (like most animals, they live
longer in captivity).
HABITATOrangutans live in tropical rain forests.
DISTRIBUTIONOrangutans live in Asia. They arethe only great ape
from Asia. Theyare found in tropical rain forests innorthern
Sumatra, Indonesia and inlow-lying swamps in Borneo.
Subspecies(perhaps asubspecies)Pongopygmaeus pygmaeus
(FromBorneo, with a round face and dark red hair;)
Subspecies(perhaps a subspecies)Pongo pygmaeus abelii (From
Sumatra,with a narrow face and paler hair)
[hide]
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Space Adventures, Ltd. is a Virginia, USA-based space tourism
company founded in 1998 byEric C.
Anderson. As of 2010, offerings include zero-gravityatmospheric
flights,orbitalspaceflights(with
the option to participate in aspacewalk), and other
spaceflight-related experiences including
cosmonaut training, spacewalk training, and launch
tours.[1]Future plans announced thus far include
sub-orbitalandlunarspaceflights. As of October 2009, seven
clients have participated in the orbital
spaceflight program with Space Adventures, with many
reservations in the upcoming suborbital
spaceflight program as well.
Orbital Mission Explorers Circle
This program allows individuals to reserve seats on future
orbital spaceflights. They have theoption to fly to orbit as their
schedule allows with preferential access to mission seats or
theycan opt to sell their seat to another private astronaut.Sergey
Brin, co-founder and president oftechnology forGoogle Inc., has
become the founding member of the "Founding Explorer"group by
placing a $5 million deposit on a future orbital
spaceflight.[6]
Space Adventures has established the Orbital Mission Explorers
Circle to build a definitiveconsortium of future private space
explorers who share a lifetime goal of orbital spaceflightor the
investment therein. Space Adventures has initially created six
"Founding Explorer"
positions in the Orbital Mission Explorers Circle, each of whom
will have priority access toparticipate in future orbital space
missions
Spacewalk
In 2006, the company announced that it would begin offering a
spacewalk option to its clientstraveling to the ISS. The spacewalk
would allow participants to spend up to 1.5 hours outside
of the space station and costs about $15 million. It would
lengthen the orbital missionapproximately six to eight days. The
spacewalk would be completed in the Russian designedOrlan space
suit. The training for the spacewalk would require an extra month
of training ontop of the six months already required.[
Lunar Mission
Space Adventures is offering advance booking for afuture lunar
missioninvolving travel to
circumnavigate the moon, on acircumlunar trajectory. Pricing has
been announced at US$100
million per seat. This mission will utilize twoRussianlaunch
vehicles. OneSoyuz capsulewill be
launched intolow-earth orbitby aSoyuz rocket. Once in orbit, the
manned capsule willdockwith a
second, unmanned, lunar-propulsion module which will then power
the circumlunar portion of the
trip.[8]The mission will last 89 days. It will take 23 days to
approach the Upper Stage (Block DM),
23 days to approach the moon, there's approximately a 45 minute
observation of the moon from
100 km-1000 km above the moons surface, and will return to Earth
in 23 days.[8]Space Adventures
has announced that they have sold one of the seats on the lunar
voyage for $150 million, and are in
negotiations for selling a second seat. They wouldn't reveal the
name of the person to whom the
ticket was sold but claim he or she is well known. Space
Adventures hopes the circumlunar voyage
will occur sometime in 2015.
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First human spaceflights
Yuri Gagarin, the first human in space
The first human spaceflight took place on April 12, 1961,
whencosmonautYuri Gagarinmade one orbit around the Earth aboard
theVostok 1spacecraft, launched by theSovietspace programand
designed by the rocket scientistSergey Korolyov.Valentina
Tereshkova
became the first woman in space on boardVostok 6on June 16,
1963. Both spacecraft werelaunched byVostok 3KAlaunch
vehicles.Alexei Leonovmade the firstspacewalkwhen heleft theVoskhod
2on March 8, 1965.Svetlana Savitskayabecame the first woman to do
so
on July 25, 1984.
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Buzz Aldrinon the surface of theMoonduringApollo 11
TheUnited Statesbecame the second nation to achieve manned
spaceflight, with thesuborbital flight ofastronautAlan
ShepardaboardFreedom 7, carried out as part ofProjectMercury. The
spacecraft was launched on May 5, 1961 on aRedstone rocket. The
first U.S.orbital flight was that ofJohn GlennaboardFriendship 7,
which was launched February 20,1962 on anAtlasrocket. Since 1981
the U.S. has conducted all its human spaceflightmissions with
reusableSpace Shuttles.Sally Ridebecame the first American woman in
spacein 1983.Eileen Collinswas the first female Shuttle pilot, and
with Shuttle missionSTS-93inJuly 1999 she became the first woman to
command a U.S. spacecraft.
Launch of Shenzhou 5 in 2003
ThePeople's Republic of Chinabecame the third nation to achieve
human spaceflight whenYang Liweilaunched into space on a
Chinese-made vehicle, theShenzhou 5, on October 15,2003. The flight
made China the third nation to have launched its own manned
spacecraftusing its own launcher. Previous European (Hermes) and
Japanese (HOPE-X) domestic
manned programs were abandoned after years of development, as
was the first Chineseattempt, theShuguang spacecraft.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buzz_Aldrinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buzz_Aldrinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronauthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronauthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Shepardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Shepardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Shepardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Mercuryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Mercuryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Mercuryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Mercuryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury-Redstone_Launch_Vehiclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury-Redstone_Launch_Vehiclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury-Redstone_Launch_Vehiclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Glennhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Glennhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Glennhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friendship_7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friendship_7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friendship_7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SM-65D_Atlashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SM-65D_Atlashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SM-65D_Atlashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sally_Ridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sally_Ridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sally_Ridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eileen_Collinshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eileen_Collinshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eileen_Collinshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-93http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-93http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-93http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yang_Liweihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yang_Liweihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenzhou_5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenzhou_5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenzhou_5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermes_%28shuttle%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermes_%28shuttle%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermes_%28shuttle%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HOPE-Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HOPE-Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HOPE-Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuguang_spacecrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuguang_spacecrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuguang_spacecrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Long_March_2F_Carrier_Rocket_-_Shenzhou_5.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Long_March_2F_Carrier_Rocket_-_Shenzhou_5.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aldrin_Apollo_11_original.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aldrin_Apollo_11_original.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Long_March_2F_Carrier_Rocket_-_Shenzhou_5.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Long_March_2F_Carrier_Rocket_-_Shenzhou_5.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aldrin_Apollo_11_original.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aldrin_Apollo_11_original.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Long_March_2F_Carrier_Rocket_-_Shenzhou_5.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Long_March_2F_Carrier_Rocket_-_Shenzhou_5.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aldrin_Apollo_11_original.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aldrin_Apollo_11_original.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Long_March_2F_Carrier_Rocket_-_Shenzhou_5.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Long_March_2F_Carrier_Rocket_-_Shenzhou_5.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aldrin_Apollo_11_original.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aldrin_Apollo_11_original.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuguang_spacecrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HOPE-Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermes_%28shuttle%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenzhou_5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yang_Liweihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-93http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eileen_Collinshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sally_Ridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SM-65D_Atlashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friendship_7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Glennhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury-Redstone_Launch_Vehiclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Mercuryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Mercuryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Shepardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronauthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buzz_Aldrin
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7/28/2019 Space Tourism is Space Travel for Recreational
7/7
The farthest destination for a human spaceflight mission has
been theMoon. The onlymanned missions to the Moon have been those
conducted byNASAas part of theApollo
program. The first such mission,Apollo 8, orbited the Moon but
did not land. The first Moonlanding mission wasApollo 11, during
whichon July 20, 1969Neil ArmstrongandBuzzAldrinbecame the first
people to set foot on the Moon. Six missions landed in total,
numbered Apollo 11
17, excludingApollo 13. Altogether twelve men walked on the
Moon,the only humans to have been on an extraterrestrial body. The
Soviet Union discontinued its
program for lunar orbiting and landing of human spaceflight
missions on June 24, 1974 whenValentin Glushkobecame General
Designer ofNPO Energiya.[4]
The longest single human spaceflight is that ofValeriy Polyakov,
who left earth on January 8,1994, and did not return until March
22, 1995 (a total of 437 days 17 hr. 58 min. 16 sec.aboard).Sergei
Krikalyovhas spent the most time of anyone in space, 803 days, 9
hours, and39 seconds altogether. The longest period of continuous
human presence in space is over 10years, 10 months on
theInternational Space Station. The previous record forMIRwas
3,644days, eight days short of 10 years, spanning the launch
ofSoyuz TM-8on September 5, 1989
to the landing ofSoyuz TM-29on August 28, 1999.
For many years beginning in 1961, only two countries, the USSR
(laterRussia) and UnitedStates, had their own astronauts. Citizens
of other nations flew in space, beginning with theflight ofVladimir
Remek, aCzech, on a Soviet spacecraft on March 2, 1978. As of
2010,citizens from 38 nations (includingspace tourists) have flown
in space aboard Soviet,American, Russian, and Chinese
spacecraft.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Armstronghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Armstronghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buzz_Aldrinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buzz_Aldrinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buzz_Aldrinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buzz_Aldrinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentin_Glushkohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentin_Glushkohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPO_Energiyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPO_Energiyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_spaceflight#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_spaceflight#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_spaceflight#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valeriy_Polyakovhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valeriy_Polyakovhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valeriy_Polyakovhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Krikalyovhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Krikalyovhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Krikalyovhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Space_Stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Space_Stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Space_Stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIRhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIRhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIRhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_TM-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_TM-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_TM-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_TM-29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_TM-29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_TM-29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Remekhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Remekhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Remekhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_tourismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_tourismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_tourismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_tourismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Remekhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_TM-29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_TM-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIRhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Space_Stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Krikalyovhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valeriy_Polyakovhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_spaceflight#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPO_Energiyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentin_Glushkohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buzz_Aldrinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buzz_Aldrinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Armstronghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon
