SPACE: ELEMENT OF DESIGN

Space is:

Defined by shapes and forms.

Actual space is a 3-D volume that can be empty or filled with objects. (a room or interior of a car)

Space in a painting/drawing is an illusion that creates a feeling of depth.

•Positive space is where forms and shapes exist.

•Negative space is the empty space around these areas.

Positive and negative space

SIZE OF OBJECTS -smaller objects seem farther away (distortions can occur if objects are the same size or too close to the viewer).

OVERLAPPING -by partially covering one object with another it gives an appearance of depth (distortions also occur if viewer is too close).

SPACING -objects clustered closer together seem farther away. Horizontal lines which get closer as they near the horizon line appear to be defining a recession in space.

FOCUS -objects lose detail as they recede into space. BRIGHTNESS -objects are brighter when closer to the viewer, except for reflective surfaces. SHADE AND SHADOW -darker shadows seem closer especially if overlapping other

shadows.

How can you show space?

What do these guys have in common with Renaissance

artists?

Renaissance art and linear perspective.

How do you translate the 3-D world onto the 2-D

surface?Converging lines meet at vanishing points and all shapes get smaller in all directions with

increase distance from the eye.

Raphael

Michelangelo’s famous interior painting

Donatello and sculpture

Renaissance painting demonstrating Linear Perspective.

Two-point perspective is useful to show an angle rather than a face-on view.Lines are drawn to two vanishing points in two-point perspective. Most

lines are either vertical or angular receding lines. There are rarely horizontal lines in two-point perspective!

Artists use one-point perspective to show forms face-on. Vertical and horizontal lines make up the front face, and receding diagonals

help to show the faces that are going back into space. Lines are drawn to a single vanishing point in one-point perspective.

You will be creating a 2-point perspective of a cityscape:

-At least 6 buildings using different heights and spacing

-1-3 per buildings windows

-1-2 doors per building

-12 other features: roads, signs, sidewalk, people, things in the windows, cars, etc.

Make sure all of your lines are straight, most will be vertical or going to the vanishing point

Make sure to use the correct vanishing point

Value must also be shown in the work

•Which of these images is demonstrating 1-point perspective and which is 2-point perspective?

•Where are the vanishing points?