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Analytical Report Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union
page 1
European
Commission
Fla
sh
Eu
rob
aro
me
ter
27
2 –
Th
e G
allu
p O
rga
nis
ati
on
Hu
ng
ary
This survey was requested by the Directorate General Enterprise and Industry and
coordinated by Directorate General Communication.
This document does not represent the point of view of the European Commission.
The interpretations and opinions contained in it are solely those of the authors.
Flash Eurobarometer
Space activities of the
European Union
Analytical report
Fieldwork: July 2009
Publication: October 2009
European
Commission
Analytical Report Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union
page 2
Flash EB Series #272
Space activities of the European Union
Conducted by The Gallup Organisation, Hungary
upon the request of Directorate General Enterprise and Industry
Survey co-ordinated by Directorate General Communication
This document does not represent the point of
view of the European Commission. The interpretations and opinions contained in it
are solely those of the authors.
THE GALLUP ORGANISATION
Web-site for downloading the document: http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/index_en.htm
Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union Analytical report
page 3
Contents
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 4
Main findings ......................................................................................................................................... 5
1. Strategic importance of space research in Europe ......................................................................... 6
2. Satellite-based services ...................................................................................................................... 9
2.1 Familiarity ..................................................................................................................................... 9
2.2 Satellite-based applications ......................................................................................................... 10
3. Space exploration ............................................................................................................................ 14
3.1 Benefits of space exploration ...................................................................................................... 14
3.2 Increased EU activity in space exploration ................................................................................. 17
4. Budget priority ................................................................................................................................ 18
5. Annex tables ..................................................................................................................................... 21
Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union Analytical report
page 4
Introduction
Space systems and space-based technologies are a critical part of the daily life of all European citizens
and businesses. From telecommunications to television, weather forecasting to global financial
systems, most of the key services that we all take for granted in the modern world depend on space to
function properly. Research and development activities are co-ordinated within the framework of the
overall European Space Policy, complementing the efforts of Member States and of other key players,
including the European Space Agency.
Space systems are clearly strategic assets that demonstrate independence and an ability to assume
global responsibilities. To maximise the benefits and opportunities that they can provide to Europe
now and in the future, it is important to have an active co-ordinated strategy and a comprehensive
European Space Policy.1
The Flash Eurobarometer Space activities of the European Union (Flash No 272) was conducted in
order to examine EU citizens‟ opinions and to assess: a) their awareness of space activities of Europe
and the European Union, b) their perception of these activities, and c) their general attitude toward
space exploration.
The survey fieldwork was conducted between 3 and 7 July 2009. Over 25,000 randomly selected
citizens aged 15 years and over were interviewed in the 27 EU Member States. Interviews were
predominantly carried out by fixed-line telephone, reaching ca. 1,000 EU citizens in each country (the
size of the sample was 500 in Luxembourg, Malta and Cyprus).
Although interviews were predominantly carried out by telephone via fixed-lines, interviews were also
conducted via mobile telephones and by face-to-face (F2F) interviews as appropriate. This
methodology ensures that results are representative of the EU27 Member State population. In most of
the countries where a large share of residents could not be contacted by fixed-line telephones (as many
do not subscribe to such service), a mixed-mode methodology was employed to ensure that these
individuals were questioned and this was done either through F2F interviews or by including mobile
telephones in the sampling frame. For this survey, mobile telephone interviews were conducted in
Austria, Belgium, Finland, Italy, Portugal and Spain, and some F2F interviews in the Czech Republic,
Lithuania, Hungary, Slovakia, Latvia, Romania, Estonia, Bulgaria and Poland.
To correct sampling disparities, a post-stratification weighting of the results was implemented, based
on key socio-demographic variables. More details on the survey methodology are included in the
Annex of this report.
Please note that due to rounding, the percentages shown in the charts and tables do not always add up
exactly to the totals mentioned in the text.
1 See: http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/space/index_en.htm
Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union Analytical report
page 5
Main findings
The majority of European Union citizens regard European space activities as important from the
perspective of the EU‟s future global role: one in five citizens considered such activities very
important (20%) and a further 43% felt that space activities are important.
When asked about the importance of developing various space-based applications for Europe, EU
respondents were most keen on (further) developing environmental/natural monitoring systems:
58% found this very important. Regarding other services the mood remained generally positive;
the proportion considering these very important remains in the one-quarter to one-third range
(satellite-based communications, positioning system and satellite-based monitoring to improve
citizens‟ security)
EU citizens generally acknowledged that there may be various benefits related to space
exploration, (it may add to human knowledge, it may help to protect our planet, it may help to
find new raw materials and energy sources and it may boost economy through technological
innovations), and showed a widespread support to extend EU activities in space exploration.
26% of all Europeans thought that the EU should definitely do more in the field of space
exploration, and 38% felt that it should perhaps put more emphasis on this field. 30% provided a
negative response to this question (28% opposed more involvement and 2% indicated that it does
not matter for them whether or not the EU is more active in space exploration).
Generally speaking there is balance between EU citizens that – in these times of economic and
financial crisis – support and do not support an increase in the EU budget devoted to space
activities. The 20% who felt that more budgetary resources should be allocated to space activities
were outweighed – although only by a slim margin – by those who felt that the EU should reduce
such spending (23%). The plurality (43%) felt that the current budget should be maintained.
Overall there is strong support for EU funding of space activities at its current level (43%) or at
increased level (20%).
Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union Analytical report
page 6
1. Strategic importance of space research in Europe
The majority of European Union citizens regard European space activities as important from the
perspective of the EU‟s future global role: one in five citizens considered such activities very
important (20%) and a further 43% felt that space activities are important in this respect. In total,
almost two-thirds of Europeans share the view that space activities are important for the future
international position of the European Union.
About one in ten of those interviewed
(9%) could not form an opinion in this
matter, and 29% thought that such
activities are not strategically
important.
Those considering space activities as
important were in the majority in each
Member State of the EU. Even in
those countries where the proportion
of sceptical citizens was the highest
(France: 41%, Austria: 39%,
Denmark: 38%), most people believed
that such activities were important for
the EU‟s future global role.
The ratio of those considering such
activities as “very important”
remained at or below one-third of all interviewees, with the highest proportion in Bulgaria (33%),
Greece (32%) and Ireland (32%). Still, in 22 Member States those who regarded European space
activities important or very important exceeded 60%, signalling a positive mood behind initiatives in
this area. The general appreciation (using an indicator that combines the “important” and “very
important” replies) was highest in Cyprus (82%), Greece (80%) and Bulgaria (77%).
28 32 3324 26 25 29 32
1423
16 21 22 18 1424
17 23 20 2417 18 22 16 14 18 15 13
54 48 4452 50 48 44 41
5748
53 48 47 50 5442
47 41 43 3945 43 39
43 45 40 4236
15 179 12 15 15 16
25 26 21 27 23 20 1623 25 29
22 29 32 3428 23 31 36 39 38
41
1 2
8 7 7 7 71 1
52 6 8
107 6 4
10 5 2 15
76
3 1 25
1 1 6 5 3 5 4 1 2 3 1 1 3 6 2 3 2 4 4 3 3 7 9 4 2 2 3 6
0,0
20,0
40,0
60,0
80,0
100,0
CY
EL
BG
PL
SK
EE
RO IE FI
CZ
LU
HU
PT
LT
LV
ES
NL
BE
EU
27
UK SI
SE
MT IT DE
AT
DK
FR
Very important Important Not important No idea DK/NA
Q1. Do you think space exploration and other space activities are important for the future international position of the European Union?
Base: all respondents, % by country
Importance of space activities for the future international position of the EU
Men (67% compared to 60% of women) and respondents from the youngest age group (15-24 years:
73%) were the most likely to think that space activities are strategically important for Europe, but in
each socio-demographic segment, the overwhelming majority was supportive. The lowest support was
detected among those with the least education: only 53% of those who completed their education at
Importance of space activities for the future international position of the EU
20
43
29
54
Very important
Important
Not important
No idea
DK/NA
Q1. Do you think space exploration and other space activities are important for the future international
position of the European Union?Base: all respondents, % EU27
Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union Analytical report
page 7
the age of 15 or earlier found space activities important, while 38% thought the opposite, see Annex
Table 1b.2
1.1 Perceived benefits of space activities
The vast majority of Europeans agree that technology transfers from the space industry can contribute
to innovation in terrestrial applications (24% agreed strongly and 50% to some extent). Only 16%
expressed scepticism at this idea. In addition, almost two-thirds agreed that space activities may
contribute to the success of the European economy at large: 16% agreed strongly and 48% agreed that
space industry activity can boost European competitiveness, economic growth and create jobs in
Europe. Pessimism regarding the latter aspect remained at 28% (almost 3 in 10 respondents).
Benefits of space technology for terrestrial applications
There is very little variation of opinions across Member States in the proportion of people believing in
the potential of transferring space technologies to terrestrial applications; rather small minorities in
each country of the EU expressed doubts in this regard.
Optimism was highest in the Netherlands (where 85% agreed either strongly or moderately that
technologies derived from space activities contribute to developing innovative terrestrial applications),
Finland (83%), Cyprus (81%) and Hungary (80%). Hungary had in fact the most people who strongly
agreed that such transfers foster innovation (36% of all respondents).
While remaining largely supportive, the highest levels of scepticism were recorded in the Czech
Republic (22%), Italy (21%) and Malta (20%).
21 23 2336
22 25 31 2822 23
30 3021
31 28 3018 24 28 28
1522 18 19 19 22
14 15
64 60 5844
57 54 48 5056 54
46 4655
45 48 4556 50 46 44
56 47 51 50 49 4552 46
8 9 128 11 10 12 11 11 10 12 8 12 10 10 7 12 12 8 13 13 13 14 11 16 17
7 13
1 2 13
3 14 5 3 3 4
34 4 2
25 4
1 2 3 6 2 35 5
5 7
6 6 5 10 7 10 5 5 8 10 8 13 8 9 12 168 10
17 13 13 12 15 1711 10
21 20
0,0
20,0
40,0
60,0
80,0
100,0
NL FI
CY
HU
LU
DK
EL
AT
ES
BE IE SE
DE
UK
EE
BG SI
EU
27
PT
PL
RO
FR
SK
LV IT CZ
LT
MT
Strongly agree Agree Disagree Disagree strongly DK/NA
Q2. Please tell me how much do you agree or disagree with the following statements: Base: all respondents, % by country
Technologies derived from space activities contribute to developing innovative terrestrial applications
Benefits of space technology for technological and economic development
As indicated above, most EU citizens believe in the benefits of space technology for technological and
economic development even if these seem somewhat less evident for Europeans than the technological
advantages. (In 2006 the European space manufacturing industry employed around 29,000 people and
generated a turnover of €5bn3.). Despite an overall optimism in each Member State, the survey found a
2 Please note that all socio-demographic analyses were carried out at EU27 level.
3 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/space/faq/index_en.htm
Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union Analytical report
page 8
considerable minority in every country who disagreed with the statement that the space industry could
contribute to economic growth, industrial competitiveness and job creation. (On average the
proportion of sceptics in this regard is 28%, but in Slovenia: 43%, Czech Republic: 37% and Latvia:
35%).
1017 17
2514 17
2615 18 18
26 2317 14 19 19 19
11 16 15 14 16 13 12 15 15 9 10
63 56 5547
57 5344
54 51 5142 44
50 53 47 47 4753 48 47 45 42
42 41 37 3742 41
19 18 18 1421
17 20 16 20 20 18 19 18 21 19 21 20 21 21 22 25 2223 29 30 25 23
31
3 2 63
43
75
5 72
7 65 11 8
5 9 7 3 7 1210 4 7
103
12
4 7 412
310
310 6 4
13 7 10 7 3 5 10 5 8 12 9 8 13 14 10 1222
6
0,0
20,0
40,0
60,0
80,0
100,0
NL
CY
LU PT FI
BE IE RO
DK
EL
BG
HU SE
ES
AT
UK
EE
DE
EU
27
PL IT FR
MT
SK
CZ
LV
LT SI
Strongly agree Agree Disagree Disagree strongly DK/NA
Q2. Please tell me how much do you agree or disagree with the following statements: Base: all respondents, % by country
Space activities contribute to industrial competiveness, growth and creation of jobs in the European Union
Still, everywhere, including in countries where the highest levels of scepticism were recorded, those
who felt that a successful and strong space industry would be beneficial to the European economy
outnumbered the sceptical. Public opinion was the most convinced of the existence of such economic
benefits in the Netherlands, Cyprus (in both countries 73% agreed, in total), Luxembourg and Portugal
(72% both).
Men, younger respondents, better educated and metropolitan citizens were more likely than others to
agree that there were economic and technological benefits to be gained from space activities (see
Annex Tables 2b. and 3b.).
Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union Analytical report
page 9
2. Satellite-based services
European Union countries independently as well as the European Space Agency (ESA) operate a
number of satellites to provide information for terrestrial applications (surface/ meteorological/
environmental monitoring, broadcasting and communication, positioning, security applications, etc.).
2.1 Familiarity
The majority of Europeans indicated that
they are aware that such European Earth
Observation satellites exist (56%), and 22%
were also confident that they knew what
these satellites are used for (34%, albeit
aware of their existence, were not sure what
function they fulfil). 42% were not aware
of (at least the specifically “European”)
Earth Observation satellites.
Awareness levels varied significantly
across Member States, with respondents
interviewed in Slovenia (of whom 76%
were aware of European Earth Observation
Satellites), Spain (72%), Romania (70%)
expressing the highest ones.
On the other hand, a large number of respondents in the UK (73%), Sweden (72%), Ireland (70%) and
Finland (66%) stated that they had never heard of European Earth Observation satellites. Generally,
interviewees in Slovenia (34%), Spain (32%), France and Hungary (30% both) were most likely to
indicate that they were familiar with the function of these satellites.
34 32 27 30 3023 25 25 27
1928 25 21 26 24 20 22 17 18 17 21
13 1122
12 8 9 9
4240
43 35 3441 39 38 36
4334 36 40 33 34 37 34
37 34 35 3034 33
22
2122 18 17
24 27 27 35 35 35 35 34 32 38 38 37 36 40 41 40 42 46 48 48 46 5252 55
66 70 73 72
1 1 3 0 1 1 1 2 5 0 2 3 1 1 2 1 0 0 0 3 1 3 0 1 0 0 2
0,0
20,0
40,0
60,0
80,0
100,0
SI
ES
RO
FR
HU
LU PT
SK
BG
DE
EL IT LT
LV
CZ
PL
EU
27
CY
BE
AT
MT
DK
EE
NL FI
IE UK
SE
Yes, and I know what they do Yes, but I don't know what they do No DK/NA
Q3. Have you heard about the European Earth Observation satellites?Base: all respondents, % by country
Awareness of the European Earth Observation satellites
Considering awareness of European Earth Observation satellites, the socio-demographic patterns
changed. While men and the best educated were still the most aware of the satellites‟ existence, young
people were the least informed of all age groups (54% of those aged 15-24 indicated that they had not
heard about them, compared to a 42% EU average, see Annex Table 4b.).
Awareness of the European Earth Observation satellites
22
34
42
1
Yes, and I know what they do
Yes, but I don’t know what they do
No
DK/NA
Q3. Have you heard about the European Earth Observation satellites?
Base: all respondents, % EU27
Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union Analytical report
page 10
2.2 Satellite-based applications
When asked about the importance of developing various space-based applications for Europe, EU
respondents were most keen on (further) developing environmental/natural monitoring systems: 58%
found it very important that Europe has observation systems able to monitor natural and environmental
threats (a mere 6% found this unimportant). When it comes to other applications, the mood remained
positive with about two-thirds finding these important or very important, but except for Earth
observation systems, at European level those who consider the development of this applications “very
important” was lower than those that responded that they were important. Other applications
mentioned concerned communications (regarded as at least quite important by 75%), positioning
system (67%) and monitoring to improve citizens‟ security (67%).
58
33
26
32
32
42
41
35
4
17
17
18
2
4
7
9
3
4
9
6
Earth observation systems to monitor our environment including natural phenomena like forest fires or floods, effects
of climate change
Communication tools – including TV via satellite
An independent European Positioning System (GPS)
To provide space-based monitoring tools to improve citizen security
Very important Quite important Not so important Not important at all DK/NA
Q4. How important is in your view to develop the following space applications for Europe?Base: all respondents, % EU27
Development of various space applications for Europe
Overall, 27% found it unimportant to develop satellite-based applications to improve citizens‟
security, and 24% had a similar opinion about an independent European positioning system. 21% did
not think that European satellite-based communication services should be (further) developed.
Looking at more detailed results for each service tested, the least divergence of opinions was found
when it came to the most popular service: environmental monitoring is considered to be an
important area where European capabilities should be developed by at least 80% of the respondents in
each Member State. In all but four Member States, an absolute majority of citizens regarded such
applications as “very important”. Such opinion was most widespread in Greece (73%), Ireland (71%),
Cyprus (70%) and Luxembourg (68%).
Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union Analytical report
page 11
73 70 66 65 68
5064 62
55 5871
59 57 6054 52
6458 60 63
55 5743
61 5748
41 40
2425 29 30 26
4429 31
38 3422
33 34 3137 39
2632 31 27
34 3144
26 2935
42 41
1 2 2 2 4 4 2 3 4 5 4 5 3 6 5 4 2 4 3 5 5 5 6 4 4 7 6 10
1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 3 1 3 1 3 2 1 2 2 3 2 2 2 1 1 31
40 2 2 2 1 1 3 3 2 1 1 2 3 1 1 3 6 3 5 2 4 5 4 7 9 6 11
5
0,0
20,0
40,0
60,0
80,0
100,0
EL
CY SI
PL
LU FI
HU ES
LV
DE IE NL
FR
DK
AT
EE
BG
EU
27
SE
UK
BE
RO
SK
PT
MT IT LT
CZ
Very important Quite important Not so important Not important at all DK/NA
Q4. How important is in your view to develop the following space applications for Europe?Base: all respondents, % by country
Development of Earth observation systems to monitor our environment including natural phenomena like forest fires or floods, effects of climate change
Reflecting the extremely widespread approval, those who regarded such development as important or
very important varied only slightly among the various socio-demographic groups analysed. (See
Annex, Table 6b.). The share of those supporting such developments varied between 89% and 93%,
with the exception of those with the lowest education: „only‟ 84% of those who finished school at the
age of 15 or earlier thought that the development or improvement of such applications was important.
Such outright positive attitude was less frequent, although still overwhelmingly positive, when
respondents were asked about satellite-based communication services (e.g. satellite TV): those who
regarded such developments as very important made up an absolute majority only in three Member
States (51% answered so in Ireland, Hungary and Bulgaria). Nevertheless, over 60% in each country
found such developments at least quite important. Overall, the most affirmative replies were recorded
in Cyprus (88% quite and very important), Ireland, Hungary (both 87%), and Poland (86%).
4251 51
43 44 45 41 46 4351
3541
32 34 35 34 34 36 3140
2737 33 28 28
19 24 22
4636 36
43 41 39 44 38 4032
48 3947 44 43 43 43 41 45
3748
38 4245 42
47 41 41
9 8 7 7 11 7 8 10 6 8 11 129
1811 16 15 18 18 17 17 19 17 16 24 26
21 24
1 3 2 3 22 3 3
2 13 5
2
2
23 5 4 4 2 4 3 4
53 5
6 93 1 4 4 2 6 4 4 9 8 3 2
102
10 4 3 2 2 5 4 3 4 7 3 2 7 4
0,0
20,0
40,0
60,0
80,0
100,0
CY IE
HU PL
LV
RO
SK
EE
MT
BG SI
UK
LT
NL
PT
ES
EL
LU
AT
CZ
BE
DK
EU
27
SE
DE FI
IT FR
Very important Quite important Not so important Not important at all DK/NA
Q4. How important is in your view to develop the following space applications for Europe?Base: all respondents, % by country
Development of communication tools – including TV via satellite
Countries where a relatively large proportion of respondent do not think that it is important to develop
space applications in Europe related to communication services include some of the largest Member
States. In France 33%, in Finland 31% in Germany and Italy 27% saw the development of space-based
communication tools as not so important or not important at all.
Differences across the various socio-demographic segments remained slight, however men were
clearly more likely to agree that such developments are important (78%) than women (71%), and those
with degree-level education (having studied beyond the age of 20) were also more supportive (78%)
Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union Analytical report
page 12
compared to those who completed their education at the age of 15 or earlier (67%). (See Annex, Table
7b.)
A solid 67% support for the development of an independent European positioning system was
recorded, even though there was no Member State where a majority found this development “very
important”; most such replies were given in Poland (44%), Hungary and Bulgaria (both 40%).
Combining all affirmative replies – regardless of intensity – Polish (86%), Cypriot (82%), Hungarian
and Finnish (79%) respondents were most likely to regard such developments as important to any
extent.
4437 40
33 38 34 4028 34 30 29 31 26
3523 27 26 29
2232
25 21 22 21 23 2719 18
4245 39
46 39 42 3445 40 43 43 41 44
3445 41 41 38
4434
41 44 42 42 40 3640 39
77 8
1510 14
8 14 1019
13 12 1810
23 22 17 18 12 18 16 19 22 20 1425
2219
23 4
34
7
22
5
58
46
5
4 67 5
3
6 13 7 66
3
611
7
5 8 9 39
316 10 12
3 613
616
5 5 9 1118
9 5 9 7 1120
6 817
0,0
20,0
40,0
60,0
80,0
100,0
PL
CY
HU FI
RO IE BG
SK
EE
LU
EL
PT
BE
MT
NL
AT
EU
27
ES
LT
CZ
UK SI
DE
SE
LV
DK
FR IT
Very important Quite important Not so important Not important at all DK/NA
Q4. How important is in your view to develop the following space applications for Europe?Base: all respondents, % by country
Development of an independent European Positioning System (GPS)
France (33%), Denmark (31%) and United Kingdom (29%) were the Members States where the
highest share of public opinion considered the development of an independent European positioning
system as being "not important", while in several Member States a significant minority could not
formulate an opinion (e.g. 20% in Latvia, 18% in Lithuania).
From a socio-demographic perspective, this initiative was most solidly supported by men (73% vs.
61% women), the best educated (73%, in sharp contrast with those indicating the shortest schooling:
54%) and metropolitan residents (73%). The support levels decreased with age, but even those over 55
were significantly more likely than not to find the development of an independent positioning system
quite or very important (62%, see Annex Table 5b.)
An overwhelming majority in most countries (most notably in Hungary, Romania, Ireland and Poland,
about 80% in each) found the provision of space-based monitoring for security applications4
important. However, significant minorities do not consider so important or important at all this type of
application in a number of countries. Those who believe that space-based monitoring that improve
citizens security are not so important, or not important at all for Europe reached 46 % in Austria, 43%
in Germany, 39% in Sweden and 37% in Denmark and France.
4 the questionnaire asked about such services in general, not specifying what they might be
Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union Analytical report
page 13
43 47 44 43 4350 44
36 4134
4135 38
2835
2719
3731 32 35 30 27 23 27
20 18 16
39 33 35 37 3729 34
43 3743
3641 36
4235
4249
3037 35 31
3433
34 3033 33 33
8 9 10 12 9 9 125 12 11 11 13 14 16 15 20 21 17
2418 13 17 25
1930
30 3327
4 3 4 62 2
6
25 4 2 4 6 8 6 4 6
76
9 19 14 1018
7 13 13
12
6 8 6 29 10
414
5 8 10 8 7 6 9 7 6 8 3 6 2 5 5 7 6 4 412
0,0
20,0
40,0
60,0
80,0
100,0H
U
RO PL IE PT
BG
CY
LT
ES
SK
MT
LV IT SI
EE
BE FI
CZ
NL
EU
27
EL
UK
LU
FR
DK
DE
AT
SE
Very important Quite important Not so important Not important at all DK/NA
Q4. How important is in your view to develop the following space applications for Europe?Base: all respondents, % by country
Provide space-based monitoring tools to improve citizen security
The provision of satellite services aimed at improved citizen security were regarded as least important
(relatively speaking, as the majority in all segments still found such developments at least quite
important) by those with degree-level education (63%, with 33% essentially rejecting the idea by
stating that they find such developments unimportant). Metropolitan residents were also less likely
than others to be attracted to such developments (important: 65%, not important: 31%). The highest
approval of such developments was recorded among the youngest: 74% of under-25 year olds
confirmed that these may be important developments, with 24% having had the opposite view. (See
Annex, Table 8b.)
Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union Analytical report
page 14
3. Space exploration
3.1 Benefits of space exploration
Respondents were asked the following questions to reveal their fundamental attitudes towards space
exploration:
Space exploration activities include sending probes to the Moon and planets, developing
space shuttle, developing the International Space Station, sending astronauts to the Moon,
and travel to Mars and beyond. Please tell me how much do you agree or disagree with the
following statements:
A. Space exploration is important as a means to expand human knowledge
B. Space exploration is important as a source of innovation and economic development
C. Space exploration is important to help to find new raw materials and energy resources
D. Space exploration is important to better protect our planet
While each aspect was regarded as generally important (the vast majority of respondents agreed with
each), the ranking shown on the chart below indicated that citizens tend to link space research and
exploration to more abstract benefits. 79% saw it as important due to its contribution to the expansion
of human knowledge (about three in ten of those interviewed agreed strongly). 72% believed that
space exploration may add to mankind‟s ability to protect the Earth, 71% believed that space
exploration may lead to accessing new energy resources and raw materials, and 70% thought that
space research can be a source of innovation and economic development.
31
27
26
22
48
45
45
48
13
15
17
18
5
6
6
5
5
7
7
7
... as a means to expand human knowledge
... to better protect our planet
... to help to find new raw materials and energy resources
... as a source of innovation and economic development
Strongly agree Agree Disagree Disagree strongly DK/NA
Q5. Please tell me how much do you agree or disagree with the following statements:Base: all respondents, % EU27
Space exploration is important ...
Less than a quarter of respondents disagreed that space exploration is important to achieve the stated
objectives, as shown above.
The individual analysis of the various possible benefits of space exploration by Member State and by
socio-demographic segments did not shed light on significant variations: all countries and all segments
were in general convinced of the importance of the listed benefits, and broadly speaking the same
countries and same segments believed most and least in the importance of each. Details are provided
below.
Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union Analytical report
page 15
The most widely acknowledged benefit of space exploration – that it adds to human knowledge –
was most often cited by Bulgarian (93%), Hungarian (91%) and Greek (89%) respondents, while in
Italy, France and the Netherlands, „only‟72% of respondents agreed that this aspect was important.
5345 43
3543 40
3449
26 28 33 34 3629
37 33 3326 28 30 31 30
3924
17 1429 24
4046 46
5445 48
5336
58 55 50 48 4652
44 48 4753 50 48 48 48
38
5157 58
4348
2 5 8 9 5 7 9 9 8 11 13 11 12 8 12 8 13 13 10 14 13 14 13 13 1021
15 15
0 2 2 11 1 2 6
24 3 5 3
34
14 3
46 5 2 9
63
48
5
5 3 1 2 6 5 2 1 6 2 2 2 3 9 310
3 5 82 5 6 2 6
133 5 9
0
20
40
60
80
100
BG
HU
EL
CY
EE
LV
SK IE RO SI
FI
AT
CZ
PL
LU PT
DK
ES
MT
DE
EU
27
BE
UK
SE
LT
NL
FR IT
Strongly agree Agree Disagree Disagree strongly DK/NA
Q5. Please tell me how much do you agree or disagree with the following statements:Base: all respondents, % by country
Space exploration is important as a means to expand human knowledge
Men (81%), the younger generations (15-24 years: 85%, 25-39 years: 81%), those with degree-level
education (84%) and metropolitan residents (83%) were more affirmative than the average (EU27:
78%) about the most abstract benefit of space exploration. (Annex, Table 9b.)
The technological advantage (that space exploration is important because it facilitates innovation
and thus economic development) was once again most confirmed by those interviewed in Bulgaria
(84%), Hungary (83%) while Ireland ranked third (79%). Least convinced of, though still largely in
agreement with such a link were the French (60%), Swedish (64%), Italian and Maltese respondents
(65% each).
41 40 3627
3421 18
2518
24 24 2411
19 23 22 27 2821 22 27
18 20 18 17 19 19 18
43 4343
52 4154 56
4956
49 50 4961
53 48 48 43 4249 48 42
50 48 49 48 46 45 42
6 7 14 13 14 16 17 17 18 17 15 18 23 21 19 18 15 19 16 19 2112
22 2018 19 20 22
1 35
1 25 5 5 2 3 3 3
2 3 5 53
84 3 4
2
3 46 6 6 10
10 82
8 8 4 5 4 6 6 9 7 3 4 5 7 123
10 9 717
7 9 11 10 11 7
0
20
40
60
80
100
BG
HU IE PL
EE
DE SI
AT
CY
LU
RO
BE
NL FI
EL
EU
27
PT
UK
LV
SK
CZ
LT
DK
ES
MT IT SE
FR
Strongly agree Agree Disagree Disagree strongly DK/NA
Q5. Please tell me how much do you agree or disagree with the following statements:Base: all respondents, % by country
Space exploration is important as a source of innovation and economic development
Compared to an EU average of 70%, it was once again men (75%), young people (15-24 years: 76%),
those with degree-level education (75%) and metropolitan residents (74%) who appeared to see most
clearly a link between space exploration and technological and economic benefits (See Annex, Table
10b.)
Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union Analytical report
page 16
Bulgarians (85%), Romanians (84%), Poles and Cypriots (both 83%) most agreed that space
exploration is important in order to find new raw materials and energy resources, while most
scepticism in this regard was encountered in Austria (where only 56% agreed that space exploration is
indeed important to achieve such outcomes), Sweden and France (both 63%).
4733 36 35
43
26 32 36 3928 32
2533
2229 26 22 22 20 24
1523
32
17 19 20 21 18
38
51 47 4839
53 48 42 3748 43
5041
50 42 45 48 48 50 4555
4536
50 45 43 4238
5 6 10 12 97 14 13 14 17 15 16 11 10 13 17 18 15 23 18 23 23 19 22 23 18 19 29
0 2 1 13
22 5 6 2
1 42 3 4
6 3 54
72 3 9 5 7
116
109 9 7 4 7 11
6 5 3 5 9 613 15 12 7 9 10
4 6 6 7 4 7 6 7 135
0
20
40
60
80
100
BG
RO PL
CY
HU
MT
SK
EL IE CZ
LV
ES
PT
LT
EE
EU
27
BE IT FI
LU
NL
DK
UK SI
DE
FR
SE
AT
Strongly agree Agree Disagree Disagree strongly DK/NA
Q5. Please tell me how much do you agree or disagree with the following statements:Base: all respondents, % by country
Space exploration is important to help to find new raw materials and energy resources
This aim of space exploration was most attractive (compared to a EU27 average of 71%) to the
youngest respondents (15-24 years: 79%) and manual workers (77%). As shown in Table 11b in
Annex, variation across segments remained rather limited (the level of agreement ranged between 64%
and 75% in the rest of the segments).
Space exploration is important to protect planet Earth according to most people in Bulgaria once
again (87%), followed by Poland (84%), Greece and Romania (83% both). On the bottom end of this
ranking the survey found Austria (58%), The Netherlands (64%) and Sweden (65%).
4937 33
4130
36 3644
2639
31 2923
3426 28 28 31
24 27 28 26 22 2131
2113 19
3847 50
4250
44 4435
5339
47 4753
4250 47 47 43
49 45 43 44 47 4735
4451 39
5 9 7 98 13 9 14
6 10 13 14 14 917 16 14 14 16 15 17
12 15 21 20 1828
26
1 1 2 42
23
6
34 2 2 3
2
4 33 7 6 6 5
11 66 11
6
411
8 7 7 4 9 5 92
137 7 7 7
134 6 9 5 5 7 7 7 10 6 4
115 5
0
20
40
60
80
100
BG
PL
RO
EL
MT
CY
EE IE LT
HU
SK
ES
BE
PT FI
DK
LV
LU SI
EU
27
CZ
FR IT DE
UK
SE
NL
AT
Strongly agree Agree Disagree Disagree strongly DK/NA
Q5. Please tell me how much do you agree or disagree with the following statements:Base: all respondents, % by country
Space exploration is important to better protect our planet
Only in the youngest segments was above-average agreement recorded (compared the 72% on EU27
level) as to the importance of space exploration in protecting our planet: 77% both of the 15-24 and
25-39 year olds acknowledged that this might be an important purpose of space exploration. (See
Annex, Table 12b.)
Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union Analytical report
page 17
3.2 Increased EU activity in space exploration
The question of whether the European Union should do more in the field of space exploration
profoundly divides European citizens. 26% believe that the EU should definitely do more, while a
similar number of respondents oppose further involvement (28%). A relative majority (38%) is not
entirely convinced about the necessity, but feels that the EU should perhaps put more emphasis on this
field. Overall, this signals that while a
majority favours EU action in the field of
space exploration, only some of the
supporters seem to be whole-heartedly
committed to this. 30% provided an outright
negative response to this question (28%
opposed more involvement and 2% indicated
that it does not matter for them whether or
not the EU is more active in space
exploration).
Looking at the results in the various Member
States, it appears that the highest levels of
support for increased space exploration
activities are found in countries that were
most likely to acknowledge the importance of
the various goals of space exploration:
Bulgaria and Greece; in both countries more
than half of those interviewed (55%) opted definitely for the EU being more active in this area. On the
other hand, only about one in five respondents expressed full support in a number of various Member
States, including Sweden (16%), France, Finland (both 19%), the Netherlands, Lithuania, Belgium
(20% each) as well as in Italy, Slovakia and the Czech Republic (all 21%).
4455 55
4229 30 34
42
24 1930 26 31
2129 28 24 23 21 20
26 2532
19 21 20 16 20
4231 29
3547 42 39
30
47 5241 43 38
4639 39 42 43 45 45
38 3730
37 34 35 37 32
11 5 14
1120
15 19 2518
2518 23 20 19 24 27 29 29 26
1828 33 34
37 35 3431
40
12
1
50
5 20
61
22 3 5
3 0 2 1 39
2 1 0 2 4 41
32 7 2 7 3 8 7 3 5 3
9 5 7 9 6 6 4 4 6 9 6 5 5 6 6 615
5
0
20
40
60
80
100
CY
BG
EL
RO
LU
EE
MT IE LV FI
PL
ES
PT
SK
HU SI
DE
AT
CZ
LT
EU
27
DK
UK
FR IT BE
SE
NL
Yes, definitely Yes, perhaps No Does not matter / not interested DK/NA
Q6. Should the European Union do more on the field of Space Exploration? Base: all respondents, % by country
Should the European Union do more in the field of Space Exploration?
Nevertheless, the definite “no” answer was dominant only in the Netherlands (40%) and scored tied
with “perhaps yes” in France (37%), Italy (35%) and Belgium (34%).
Considering the socio-demographic segments, whole-hearted support for increased EU activity in
space exploration was well above average (that being 26%, considering the “yes, definitely” replies)
among men (33% as opposed to 21% among women) and the youngest cohort (15-24 years of age:
35%). Slightly above average were the best educated and metropolitan Europeans (with 29% definite
support in both groups, see Annex Table 13b.).
Should the European Union do more in the field of Space Exploration?
26
38
28
2 6Yes, definitely
Yes, perhaps
No
Does not matter / not interested
DK/NA
Q6. Should the European Union do more on the field of Space Exploration?
Base: all respondents, % EU27
Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union Analytical report
page 18
4. Budget priority
Overall there is strong support for EU funding of space activities at its current level (43%) or at
increased level (20%). The 20% who felt that more budgetary resources should be allocated to space
activities were outweighed – although only by a slim margin – by those who felt that the EU should
reduce such spending (23%). (The survey was conducted under circumstances characterised by
significant economic problems in
essentially all Member States of the EU,
resulting from the ongoing global
economic and financial crisis.). Finally,
15% could not formulate an opinion or
were not interested in answering the
question.
Only in Romania, Cyprus and Bulgaria
was stability of the allocated funds not
the most frequent answer (with most
citizens supporting an increased budget)
– in the rest of the countries the largest
segment of the public tended to prefer
maintaining the current EU space
budget.
Reducing the European budget for space
activities is an option shared by only
23% of the Europeans, with the highest scores recorded in France (32%), Spain (30%), Italy (27%)
and United Kingdom (26%) and the lowest in Bulgaria (8%), Slovakia (12%) and Finland (13%).
While generally this study found only cosmetic variations of attitudes across Member States (that is, in
most questions discussed thus far the predominant EU27 patterns were replicated in all Member States
to a varying extent), this question brought up a divided picture across EU countries.
In five Member States those who felt that more funds should be allocated to space activities on EU
level outnumbered those who rather desired reduction of such funds by at least 10 percentage points:
Greece (increase: 31%, reduction: 21%5), Hungary (i: 26%, r: 14%), Cyprus (i: 38%, r: 16%),
Romania (i: 37%, r: 14%), Bulgaria (i: 40%, r: 8%).
40 38 37 32 31 30 27 26 23 22 21 20 20 20 19 19 19 18 17 17 17 16 15 15 15 12 12 12
23 29 28 37 3330 38 42
38 3848
5541 43 43 49 48
38
6254
41 4738
4553 55 54 50
8
16 1423
2123
18 14 2615
1814
30 2317
1220
25
13
15
27 1932 17
21 19 20 246
2 6
01
2 3 8 0
9
3 1 23
5 51
5
11 4 7 2
2
1 2 4 42416 15
8 13 16 14 11 12 1711 10 8 12 17 16 12 13
714 12 11 14
2210 11 11 10
0
20
40
60
80
100
BG
CY
RO IE EL
MT
PL
HU
UK
LT
CZ
DK
ES
EU
27
EE
SK SI
PT FI
LU IT BE
FR
SE
AT
DE
NL
LV
Increased Unchanged Reduced Does not matter / not interested DK/NA
Q7. There are various budget priorities for the European Union. According to you, the share of the European budget to cover all space activities including space exploration should be:
Base: all respondents, % by country
The share of the European budget to cover all space activities including space exploration should be...
5 percentages for the other countries are provided respectively
The share of the European budget to cover all space activities including space exploration should be...
20
43
23
3
12Increased
Unchanged
Reduced
Does not matter / not interested
DK/NA
Q7. There are various budget priorities for the European Union. According to you, the share of the European budget to cover all
space activities including space exploration should be: Base: all respondents, % EU27
Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union Analytical report
page 19
In contrast, an opposite difference with a similar order of magnitude (10 percentage points) was also
found, in four Member States: France (i: 15%, r: 32%), Latvia (i: 12%, r: 24%), Spain (i: 20%, r: 30%)
and Italy (i: 17%, r: 27%).
Differences in preference manifest themselves in socio-demographic comparisons. While the plurality
of respondents in each socio-demographic segment preferred that the EU space budget should be kept
at its current level (see Annex, Table 14b.), the table below reveals different attitudes in those who
prefer some change. For example men, the youngest respondents, and to a small extent the best
educated were more of the opinion that funds should be increased, while women, elder respondents,
those with only basic education and manual workers would prefer cuts in the EU space budget.
Space budget preferences by socio-demographic
segments (Q7)
%
reduced
%
unchanged
%
increased
EU27 23 43 20
SEX
• Male 20 41 25
• Female 25 44 14
AGE
• 15 - 24 16 47 27
• 25 - 39 22 42 20
• 40 - 54 23 43 18
• 55 + 26 41 17
EDUCATION (termination age)
• Until 15 33 36 14
• 16 - 20 24 44 18
• 20 + 18 43 21
URBANISATION
• Metropolitan 22 41 23
• Urban 22 42 20
• Rural 24 44 17
OCCUPATION
• Self-employed 22 37 24
• Employee 21 44 19
• Manual worker 28 42 19
• Not working 24 43 19
• Student 14 46 29
Flash EB Series #272
Space activities of the EU
Annex tables and
survey details
THE GALLUP ORGANISATION
Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union Annex
page 21
5. Annex tables
Table 1a. Importance of space activities for the future position of the EU – by country ...................... 23
Table 1b. Importance of space activities for the future position of the EU – by segment ..................... 24
Table 2a. Space activities contribute to industrial competiveness, growth – by country ...................... 25
Table 2b. Space activities contribute to industrial competiveness, growth– by segment ...................... 26
Table 3a. Space activities contribute to innovative terrestrial applications – by country ...................... 27
Table 3b. Space activities contribute to innovative terrestrial applications – by segment..................... 28
Table 4a. Awareness of the European Earth Observation satellites – by country ................................. 29
Table 4b. Awareness of the European Earth Observation satellites – by segment ................................ 30
Table 5a. Development of an independent European Positioning System – by country ...................... 31
Table 5b. Development of an independent European Positioning System – by segment ..................... 32
Table 6a. Development of EOS to monitor environment – by country ................................................. 33
Table 6b. Development of EOS to monitor environment – by segment ................................................ 34
Table 7a. Development of communication tools – including TV via satellite – by country ................. 35
Table 7b. Development of communication tools – including TV via satellite – by segment ................ 36
Table 8a. Provide space-based monitoring tools to improve citizen security – by country .................. 37
Table 8b. Provide space-based monitoring tools to improve citizen security – by segment ................. 38
Table 9a. Space exploration is important to expand human knowledge – by country .......................... 39
Table 9b. Space exploration is important to expand human knowledge – by segment ......................... 40
Table 10a. Space exploration is important for economic development – by country ........................... 41
Table 10b. Space exploration is important for economic development – by segment ......................... 42
Table 11a. Space exploration to find new raw materials and energy resources – by country ............... 43
Table 11b. Space exploration to find new raw materials and energy resources – by
segment ............................................................................................................................................. 44
Table 12a. Space exploration is important to better protect our planet – by country ............................ 45
Table 12b. Space exploration is important to better protect our planet – by segment ........................... 46
Table 13a. Should the EU do more on the field of Space Exploration? – by country ........................... 47
Table 13b. Should the EU do more on the field of Space Exploration? – by segment .......................... 48
Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union Annex
page 22
Table 14a. The share of the EU budget for space activities should be... – by country .......................... 49
Table 14b. The share of the EU budget for space activities should be... – by segment ......................... 50
Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union Annex
page 23
Table 1a. Importance of space activities for the future international position of the EU – by country
QUESTION: Q1. Do you think space exploration and other space activities are important for the future international
position of the European Union?
Total N
% Not
important
%
Important
% Very
important % No idea % DK/NA
EU27 25614 28.7 43.4 19.6 4.7 3.6
COUNTRY
Belgium 1001 22.1 41.3 23 9.9 3.7
Bulgaria 1001 9.2 43.5 32.7 8.3 6.3
Czech Rep. 1001 20.6 47.8 22.9 5.3 3.4
Denmark 1005 37.8 42 15.3 2.3 2.6
Germany 1012 36.1 45.3 13.5 2.7 2.4
Estonia 1004 15.3 48.3 24.9 6.7 4.9
Greece 1000 17 47.9 31.7 2 1.3
Spain 1002 25.1 41.7 23.8 6 3.3
France 1000 40.8 35.5 13 4.9 5.8
Ireland 1000 25 40.8 32.1 0.8 1.3
Italy 1014 30.6 43.2 16.4 6.2 3.6
Cyprus 500 14.9 53.9 28.5 1.3 1.4
Latvia 1014 22.6 53.7 14.2 7 2.4
Lithuania 1000 15.9 49.7 18.4 9.8 6.2
Luxembourg 503 27.1 53.4 16.4 1.7 1.3
Hungary 1012 23.1 48 21.4 6.3 1.2
Malta 500 23.5 38.8 21.6 7.3 8.8
Netherlands 1001 28.8 47.4 17.2 4.2 2.3
Austria 1002 39.1 40.1 17.9 0.5 2.4
Poland 1003 12.1 51.6 24.4 7.4 4.6
Portugal 1004 20.2 46.6 22.2 8.4 2.7
Romania 1005 16 44.3 28.6 6.8 4.3
Slovenia 1002 33.8 44.7 17.3 1.4 2.8
Slovakia 1011 14.8 49.8 25.7 6.8 2.9
Finland 1003 26.3 56.6 14.1 0.9 2
Sweden 1014 27.6 42.7 17.7 5.5 6.5
United Kingdom 1000 32.5 38.8 23.5 1.7 3.4
Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union Annex
page 24
Table 1b. Importance of space activities for the future international position of the EU – by segment
QUESTION: Q1. Do you think space exploration and other space activities are important for the future international
position of the European Union?
Total N
% Not
important
%
Important
% Very
important % No idea % DK/NA
EU27 25614 28.7 43.4 19.6 4.7 3.6
SEX
Male 12384 27.9 42.3 24.5 3.3 2.1
Female 13230 29.4 44.4 15.1 6.1 5
AGE
15 - 24 3881 21.2 49.4 23.8 3.5 2.1
25 - 39 5916 29.2 44.5 19.5 4.1 2.6
40 - 54 6895 32.5 42.2 18 4.2 3.1
55 + 8756 28.6 40.9 19.2 6 5.3
EDUCATION (end of)
Until 15 years of age 4248 31.7 38.4 14.5 7.9 7.5
16 - 20 10881 31.3 42.1 18.5 5.1 3
20 + 7348 26.8 45.6 22.2 2.7 2.6
Still in education 2664 19.5 50.5 25.4 3.1 1.6
URBANISATION
Metropolitan 4420 26.3 44.7 23 3 2.9
Urban 10868 27.1 44.8 19.9 4.8 3.4
Rural 10214 31.4 41.3 17.7 5.4 4.1
OCCUPATION
Self-employed 2130 27.4 43.5 21.9 3.6 3.6
Employee 8446 31.8 43.4 19.1 3.2 2.5
Manual worker 2097 30.5 43.1 18.2 4.8 3.4
Not working 12844 26.6 43.3 19.8 5.9 4.4
Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union Annex
page 25
Table 2a. Space activities contribute to industrial competiveness, growth and creation of jobs in the European Union – by country
QUESTION: Q2_A. Please tell me how much do you agree or disagree with the following statements: - Space
activities contribute to industrial competiveness, growth and creation of jobs in the European Union
Total N
% Disagree
strongly % Disagree % Agree
% Strongly
agree % DK/NA
EU27 25614 7.2 21.3 48.5 15.5 7.6
COUNTRY
Belgium 1001 3.2 16.6 53.1 16.9 10.2
Bulgaria 1001 2.4 17.8 41.7 25.5 12.5
Czech Rep. 1001 7.5 29.6 37.1 15.5 10.4
Denmark 1005 4.9 20 51.1 17.6 6.4
Germany 1012 9.4 21.3 53.1 11.3 5
Estonia 1004 5.2 19.5 46.7 18.9 9.7
Greece 1000 7.4 20 50.9 17.6 4.2
Spain 1002 5.5 21.1 52.7 14.2 6.6
France 1000 11.7 21.8 42.2 16.4 8
Ireland 1000 6.8 20.3 44.4 25.6 3
Italy 1014 7.2 24.6 44.7 14.4 9.1
Cyprus 500 2.1 18.4 55.8 16.5 7.1
Latvia 1014 9.7 25.3 37.4 15.1 12.5
Lithuania 1000 3.2 22.9 42.2 9.3 22.3
Luxembourg 503 5.8 17.8 54.6 17.3 4.5
Hungary 1012 7.1 19 44.1 23 6.8
Malta 500 10 22.8 41.6 13 12.7
Netherlands 1001 3.1 18.9 63.4 10.1 4.5
Austria 1002 11.3 18.7 47.4 19.3 3.4
Poland 1003 3.3 22.4 47.3 15 12
Portugal 1004 2.7 13.7 46.7 25.1 11.9
Romania 1005 4.7 16.2 54.5 14.8 9.8
Slovenia 1002 11.8 30.9 40.6 10.3 6.4
Slovakia 1011 3.8 28.8 41.3 11.7 14.4
Finland 1003 4.3 20.7 57.1 14.4 3.4
Sweden 1014 5.6 17.7 50.2 16.7 9.8
United Kingdom 1000 7.5 21.1 47 19.2 5.2
Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union Annex
page 26
Table 2b. Space activities contribute to industrial competiveness, growth and creation of jobs in the European Union – by segment
QUESTION: Q2_A. Please tell me how much do you agree or disagree with the following statements: - Space
activities contribute to industrial competiveness, growth and creation of jobs in the European Union
Total N
%
Disagree
strongly
%
Disagree % Agree
%
Strongly
agree % DK/NA
EU27 25614 7.2 21.3 48.5 15.5 7.6
SEX
Male 12384 6.9 17.8 50.7 19.6 4.9
Female 13230 7.4 24.5 46.3 11.7 10.1
AGE
15 - 24 3881 4.4 18.7 57.3 15.2 4.3
25 - 39 5916 7.2 21.9 49.9 15.5 5.5
40 - 54 6895 8.1 22.1 47 16 6.8
55 + 8756 7.5 21.5 44.8 15.3 10.9
EDUCATION (end of)
Until 15 years of age 4248 8.6 22.8 42.6 11.5 14.6
16 - 20 10881 8.3 23.4 47.5 13.7 7
20 + 7348 5.7 17.7 50.6 21.2 4.9
Still in education 2664 3.1 20.7 57.1 14.7 4.4
URBANISATION
Metropolitan 4420 6.5 19.1 49.6 19.1 5.6
Urban 10868 6.5 21.1 49.5 15.8 7
Rural 10214 8.1 22.4 46.8 13.7 9
OCCUPATION
Self-employed 2130 9.1 18.7 44.7 21.1 6.4
Employee 8446 6.9 20.6 50.9 16.5 5
Manual worker 2097 7.8 22.9 49.2 13.2 6.9
Not working 12844 6.9 21.9 47.3 14.4 9.5
Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union Annex
page 27
Table 3a. Technologies derived from space activities contribute to developing innovative terrestrial applications – by country
QUESTION: Q2_B. Please tell me how much do you agree or disagree with the following statements: - Technologies
derived from space activities contribute to developing innovative terrestrial applications
Total N
% Disagree
strongly % Disagree % Agree
% Strongly
agree % DK/NA
EU27 25614 3.8 11.9 50.5 23.6 10.2
COUNTRY
Belgium 1001 2.6 9.9 54.5 22.7 10.3
Bulgaria 1001 1.8 7.3 45.1 29.6 16.2
Czech Rep. 1001 5.2 17.4 45.2 22.3 9.9
Denmark 1005 1.4 9.8 53.6 25.4 9.9
Germany 1012 4 11.7 55 20.9 8.4
Estonia 1004 2.4 10.1 47.5 28.2 11.8
Greece 1000 4.1 12 47.8 31 5.1
Spain 1002 2.8 10.7 56.5 22 8.1
France 1000 5.7 13.2 47.4 21.9 11.8
Ireland 1000 3.6 12 46.3 30.1 8
Italy 1014 5.1 16.1 49.3 18.7 10.9
Cyprus 500 1.2 11.8 58.2 23.4 5.5
Latvia 1014 2.5 11.3 50 19.2 17
Lithuania 1000 5.4 7.3 51.7 14.1 21.5
Luxembourg 503 2.8 11.4 56.6 22.4 6.8
Hungary 1012 2.8 7.9 43.5 35.9 9.9
Malta 500 6.5 12.8 46.1 14.6 20
Netherlands 1001 0.7 8.1 64.5 20.6 6.1
Austria 1002 5.2 11.1 50.1 28.4 5.1
Poland 1003 2.2 12.6 44 28 13.1
Portugal 1004 1.1 8.3 46.4 27.5 16.6
Romania 1005 2.5 12.7 56.1 15.5 13.2
Slovenia 1002 5.4 11.9 56.3 18 8.4
Slovakia 1011 2.3 13.6 51.5 17.8 14.8
Finland 1003 2.4 8.8 60 22.8 6.1
Sweden 1014 3.3 7.7 46.3 30.1 12.7
United Kingdom 1000 4.4 10.5 45.3 30.5 9.3
Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union Annex
page 28
Table 3b. Technologies derived from space activities contribute to developing innovative terrestrial applications – by segment
QUESTION: Q2_B. Please tell me how much do you agree or disagree with the following statements: - Technologies
derived from space activities contribute to developing innovative terrestrial applications
Total N
%
Disagree
strongly
%
Disagree % Agree
%
Strongly
agree % DK/NA
EU27 25614 3.8 11.9 50.5 23.6 10.2
SEX
Male 12384 3.3 9.4 50.2 30.4 6.7
Female 13230 4.2 14.3 50.8 17.1 13.6
AGE
15 - 24 3881 2.6 10.9 55.5 24.9 6.1
25 - 39 5916 3.2 11.5 53.2 24 8.1
40 - 54 6895 3.9 11.6 52 23.5 9.1
55 + 8756 4.6 12.9 45.4 22.8 14.2
EDUCATION (end of)
Until 15 years of age 4248 5.9 15.8 44.4 14.8 19.2
16 - 20 10881 4.2 12.9 52.2 20.5 10.2
20 + 7348 2.2 8.3 51.4 32.4 5.7
Still in education 2664 2.3 11.9 52.7 27.5 5.6
URBANISATION
Metropolitan 4420 3.4 8.9 51.4 30 6.3
Urban 10868 3.7 11.8 50.6 23.9 10.1
Rural 10214 4 13.4 50.1 20.5 12
OCCUPATION
Self-employed 2130 4.1 10 47.5 30.7 7.8
Employee 8446 2.9 10.4 54.2 25.9 6.7
Manual worker 2097 5 14.1 52.7 18.6 9.6
Not working 12844 4.2 12.9 48.2 21.7 13
Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union Annex
page 29
Table 4a. Awareness of the European Earth Observation satellites – by country
QUESTION: Q3. Have you heard about the European Earth Observation satellites?
Total N
% Yes, and I know
what they do
% Yes, but I don’t
know what they do % No % DK/NA
EU27 25614 22.2 34.4 42.4 1
COUNTRY
Belgium 1001 18.1 33.9 47.5 0.5
Bulgaria 1001 26.9 36.4 32.2 4.5
Czech Rep. 1001 23.6 34.1 40.9 1.4
Denmark 1005 13.3 34.3 51.8 0.6
Germany 1012 19.4 42.7 37.6 0.4
Estonia 1004 11.4 33.1 52 3.5
Greece 1000 27.8 34 38.2 0
Spain 1002 31.5 40.3 27.3 0.9
France 1000 30 34.7 34.8 0.5
Ireland 1000 7.5 22.1 70.1 0.2
Italy 1014 25.3 35.8 37.3 1.7
Cyprus 500 16.9 36.6 46.1 0.3
Latvia 1014 26.1 32.8 39.7 1.4
Lithuania 1000 21.4 39.5 36.2 2.8
Luxembourg 503 23.2 40.9 35 0.9
Hungary 1012 30.3 34 35 0.7
Malta 500 20.9 29.8 46.3 3
Netherlands 1001 22.4 21.9 55.5 0.2
Austria 1002 16.6 35.2 47.7 0.4
Poland 1003 20.4 37.3 40.2 2.1
Portugal 1004 24.8 38.8 35.1 1.3
Romania 1005 26.8 43.1 27.1 3
Slovenia 1002 34.1 41.7 23.7 0.5
Slovakia 1011 25.2 38.3 34.5 2
Finland 1003 12.5 20.9 65.8 0.9
Sweden 1014 8.6 17 72.5 2
United Kingdom 1000 9 17.9 72.8 0.2
Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union Annex
page 30
Table 4b. Awareness of the European Earth Observation satellites – by segment
QUESTION: Q3. Have you heard about the European Earth Observation satellites?
Total N
% Yes, and I
know what
they do
% Yes, but I
don’t know what
they do % No % DK/NA
EU27 25614 22.2 34.4 42.4 1
SEX
Male 12384 28.4 33.8 37 0.9
Female 13230 16.4 35 47.4 1.2
AGE
15 - 24 3881 15.4 29.9 54.3 0.4
25 - 39 5916 21.7 31.9 45.5 0.9
40 - 54 6895 23.8 36.5 39 0.8
55 + 8756 24.3 36.6 37.5 1.5
EDUCATION (end of)
Until 15 years of age 4248 15.2 36.3 46.8 1.7
16 - 20 10881 21.9 35.5 41.6 1
20 + 7348 28.7 34 36.5 0.8
Still in education 2664 17 28.7 54.1 0.2
URBANISATION
Metropolitan 4420 24.8 33.5 40.9 0.9
Urban 10868 22.5 33.9 42.8 0.8
Rural 10214 20.8 35.6 42.3 1.3
OCCUPATION
Self-employed 2130 30.1 35.5 33.8 0.5
Employee 8446 22.2 33.8 43.4 0.6
Manual worker 2097 22.2 36.1 39.5 2.1
Not working 12844 20.9 34.4 43.6 1.2
Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union Annex
page 31
Table 5a. Development of an independent European Positioning System (GPS) – by country
QUESTION: Q4_A. How important is in your view to develop the following space applications for Europe? - An
independent European Positioning System (GPS)
Total N
% Not
important
at all
% Not so
important
% Quite
important
% Very
important % DK/NA
EU27 25614 6.8 17.5 40.6 26.3 8.9
COUNTRY
Belgium 1001 5.8 17.9 43.6 26.2 6.4
Bulgaria 1001 1.9 7.9 34.4 39.9 15.9
Czech Rep. 1001 6.4 18.4 34.4 31.7 9
Denmark 1005 5.8 25.2 35.7 26.9 6.4
Germany 1012 6.5 22.1 42.3 22.2 6.9
Estonia 1004 4.6 9.8 39.9 33.8 11.9
Greece 1000 8.5 13.5 43.1 28.6 6.4
Spain 1002 4.7 17.7 37.7 28.9 11
France 1000 10.6 22.1 40.4 18.5 8.4
Ireland 1000 7.1 14.2 41.9 34.3 2.6
Italy 1014 7 19.4 39.1 17.7 16.9
Cyprus 500 3.1 6.6 45 37.5 7.8
Latvia 1014 2.7 14.3 39.6 23.5 19.9
Lithuania 1000 2.9 12.3 44 22.3 18.5
Luxembourg 503 4.8 19 43 30 3.3
Hungary 1012 3.8 8.4 38.7 40.3 8.8
Malta 500 4.8 9.7 34 35.1 16.3
Netherlands 1001 3.9 23.1 44.8 23.2 5.1
Austria 1002 6.2 21.7 41 26.6 4.6
Poland 1003 2.3 7.3 41.8 44 4.6
Portugal 1004 3.9 12.2 40.7 30.5 12.7
Romania 1005 3.6 10.1 39 38 9.3
Slovenia 1002 6.9 19 44.4 20.7 9.1
Slovakia 1011 2.2 14 45.5 28.3 10
Finland 1003 3 15.5 45.8 32.9 2.8
Sweden 1014 6.3 19.6 42.2 21.2 10.7
United Kingdom 1000 12.5 15.9 40.8 25.3 5.5
Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union Annex
page 32
Table 5b. Development of an independent European Positioning System (GPS) – by segment
QUESTION: Q4_A. How important is in your view to develop the following space applications for Europe? - An
independent European Positioning System (GPS)
Total N
% Not
important
at all
% Not so
important
% Quite
important
% Very
important % DK/NA
EU27 25614 6.8 17.5 40.6 26.3 8.9
SEX
Male 12384 6.6 15.5 40.2 32.7 5
Female 13230 7 19.3 40.9 20.3 12.4
AGE
15 - 24 3881 5.5 18.6 42.3 30 3.7
25 - 39 5916 5.8 17.8 41.2 29.1 6.1
40 - 54 6895 7.8 18.3 41.8 25.3 6.8
55 + 8756 7.2 16.2 38.3 23.7 14.7
EDUCATION (end of)
Until 15 years of age 4248 9.7 18.5 36.4 17.6 17.8
16 - 20 10881 7.2 17.3 41.8 25.5 8.2
20 + 7348 5.1 17 41.2 31.5 5.3
Still in education 2664 5.2 18.4 42.6 30.7 3.2
URBANISATION
Metropolitan 4420 5.9 16.2 39.7 32.9 5.3
Urban 10868 6.4 17.5 41.8 25.5 8.8
Rural 10214 7.5 18 39.8 24.3 10.4
OCCUPATION
Self-employed 2130 6.7 15.3 38.9 32.7 6.4
Employee 8446 6.1 19.3 42.6 26.9 5.1
Manual worker 2097 7.6 16.7 39.8 30.3 5.6
Not working 12844 7.2 16.8 39.7 24.2 12.2
Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union Annex
page 33
Table 6a. Development of Earth observation systems to monitor our environment including natural – by country
QUESTION: Q4_B. How important is in your view to develop the following space applications for Europe? - Earth
observation systems to monitor our environment including natural
Total N
% Not
important
at all
% Not so
important
% Quite
important
% Very
important % DK/NA
EU27 25614 2 4.4 32.4 58.2 3.1
COUNTRY
Belgium 1001 1.7 5 34.3 55 4
Bulgaria 1001 0.7 2.3 26.5 64.4 6.2
Czech Rep. 1001 3.5 10.5 41.3 40.1 4.6
Denmark 1005 1.2 6.1 31 60.5 1.3
Germany 1012 1.3 4.6 34.4 58.3 1.4
Estonia 1004 2 4.1 38.8 52.1 3.1
Greece 1000 0.9 1.5 23.9 73.5 0.2
Spain 1002 1.1 2.8 31.2 61.8 3
France 1000 2.8 2.8 34 57.4 3
Ireland 1000 2.5 3.6 21.5 71 1.3
Italy 1014 3.5 7.1 35.4 47.9 6.1
Cyprus 500 1.2 2.5 24.7 70 1.7
Latvia 1014 0.4 4.2 38.2 54.7 2.5
Lithuania 1000 1.1 5.9 41.5 40.7 10.9
Luxembourg 503 0.7 3.5 25.9 68.4 1.4
Hungary 1012 0.9 2.4 28.9 64.3 3.4
Malta 500 1.3 3.7 28.8 57 9.1
Netherlands 1001 0.9 5.4 32.9 59.2 1.6
Austria 1002 2.6 5.4 36.7 54.3 1.1
Poland 1003 0.9 2.4 30 64.5 2.2
Portugal 1004 1.5 4.4 26.1 61.2 6.8
Romania 1005 1.7 5.4 31.1 56.9 4.9
Slovenia 1002 1.7 1.9 29 65.6 1.8
Slovakia 1011 2.3 6.1 44.4 43.4 3.8
Finland 1003 0.7 4.4 43.7 50.3 0.9
Sweden 1014 1.9 2.7 30.8 59.6 5.1
United Kingdom 1000 2.7 5 27.4 62.8 2.1
Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union Annex
page 34
Table 6b. Development of Earth observation systems to monitor our environment including natural – by segment
QUESTION: Q4_B. How important is in your view to develop the following space applications for Europe? - Earth
observation systems to monitor our environment including natural
Total N
% Not
important
at all
% Not so
important
% Quite
important
% Very
important % DK/NA
EU27 25614 2 4.4 32.4 58.2 3.1
SEX
Male 12384 2.1 4.8 32.2 58.9 2
Female 13230 1.8 4.1 32.5 57.5 4.2
AGE
15 - 24 3881 1 4.3 32.7 59.9 2.2
25 - 39 5916 1.6 4.6 34 57.7 2
40 - 54 6895 2.2 4.7 32.2 58.9 2.1
55 + 8756 2.4 4 31.3 57.3 5
EDUCATION (end of)
Until 15 years of age 4248 3.9 5.1 33.8 50.1 7.1
16 - 20 10881 1.9 4.5 33 58.4 2.2
20 + 7348 1.2 3.9 31.1 62.1 1.7
Still in education 2664 1.1 4.1 31.2 61.9 1.7
URBANISATION
Metropolitan 4420 1.3 4.4 33.6 58.7 1.9
Urban 10868 1.9 4.2 31.6 59.4 3
Rural 10214 2.3 4.7 32.7 56.7 3.6
OCCUPATION
Self-employed 2130 2.8 5.7 32.6 56.8 2
Employee 8446 1.3 4.5 32.8 59.9 1.5
Manual worker 2097 2.1 4.6 32.5 58 2.8
Not working 12844 2.3 4.1 32 57.3 4.3
Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union Annex
page 35
Table 7a. Development of communication tools – including TV via satellite – by country
QUESTION: Q4_C. How important is in your view to develop the following space applications for Europe? -
Communication tools – including TV via satellite
Total N
% Not
important
at all
% Not so
important
% Quite
important
% Very
important % DK/NA
EU27 25614 4.4 16.8 41.6 33 4.3
COUNTRY
Belgium 1001 4 16.8 47.6 27.4 4.2
Bulgaria 1001 1.4 7.5 32 50.7 8.3
Czech Rep. 1001 1.9 16.8 36.6 39.8 5
Denmark 1005 3.2 18.8 37.9 37.1 3.1
Germany 1012 3.3 23.9 42.4 27.5 2.8
Estonia 1004 2.8 9.7 37.6 45.8 4
Greece 1000 5.2 14.6 43.5 33.7 3.1
Spain 1002 2.8 15.8 43 34.2 4.2
France 1000 9.1 23.5 41.5 22 3.9
Ireland 1000 3 8 36.4 51.3 1.3
Italy 1014 6.4 21 40.8 24.4 7.3
Cyprus 500 0.6 9 45.8 42.1 2.5
Latvia 1014 1.9 10.9 40.8 44.1 2.3
Lithuania 1000 1.9 9.2 47.2 31.7 9.9
Luxembourg 503 3.7 18.1 41 35.6 1.7
Hungary 1012 1.5 7.2 35.9 51.3 4
Malta 500 1.5 5.8 40 43.2 9.4
Netherlands 1001 1.9 17.9 44.4 33.8 2.1
Austria 1002 3.6 17.8 45.1 31.3 2.2
Poland 1003 2.5 6.9 43.2 43 4.4
Portugal 1004 1.6 11.1 42.6 35 9.8
Romania 1005 2 7.5 38.9 45.4 6.2
Slovenia 1002 3.2 11.2 47.7 34.7 3.3
Slovakia 1011 3.3 8 43.7 40.5 4.4
Finland 1003 5.4 26 46.9 19.4 2.3
Sweden 1014 5 15.6 44.7 27.6 7.1
United Kingdom 1000 5.2 11.9 39.5 41.3 2.1
Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union Annex
page 36
Table 7b. Development of communication tools – including TV via satellite – by segment
QUESTION: Q4_C. How important is in your view to develop the following space applications for Europe? -
Communication tools – including TV via satellite
Total N
% Not
important
at all
% Not so
important
% Quite
important
% Very
important % DK/NA
EU27 25614 4.4 16.8 41.6 33 4.3
SEX
Male 12384 4.2 15.2 40.6 37.3 2.7
Female 13230 4.5 18.3 42.5 28.9 5.7
AGE
15 - 24 3881 2.8 20.5 45 29.9 1.8
25 - 39 5916 5.2 19 43.4 29.7 2.6
40 - 54 6895 4.5 16.8 40.8 35.6 2.4
55 + 8756 4.2 13.7 39.6 34.6 7.9
EDUCATION (end of)
Until 15 years of age 4248 6.1 17.1 38.6 27.9 10.3
16 - 20 10881 4.5 16.4 41.6 34.3 3.1
20 + 7348 3.9 16.1 41.7 36 2.3
Still in education 2664 2.4 19.9 47.2 29.2 1.3
URBANISATION
Metropolitan 4420 3.4 17.9 41.3 34.6 2.8
Urban 10868 4.2 15.7 42.6 33.4 4.1
Rural 10214 4.9 17.6 40.9 31.6 5
OCCUPATION
Self-employed 2130 6.1 16.9 36.6 37.5 2.8
Employee 8446 3.9 18 43.1 33.2 1.8
Manual worker 2097 3.5 16.2 42.2 34.9 3.2
Not working 12844 4.6 16.2 41.3 31.7 6.3
Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union Annex
page 37
Table 8a. Provide space-based monitoring tools to improve citizen security – by country
QUESTION: Q4_D. How important is in your view to develop the following space applications for Europe? - To
provide space-based monitoring tools to improve citizen security
Total N
% Not
important
at all
% Not so
important
% Quite
important
% Very
important % DK/NA
EU27 25614 9.4 17.9 34.9 31.9 5.9
COUNTRY
Belgium 1001 4.5 19.6 41.9 27.3 6.7
Bulgaria 1001 2.5 8.8 28.9 49.8 10.1
Czech Rep. 1001 7.3 17.1 30.3 37.1 8.2
Denmark 1005 7.4 30 29.9 27.1 5.6
Germany 1012 12.6 30.4 32.7 20 4.3
Estonia 1004 6 15 35.1 35.1 8.9
Greece 1000 18.7 13.3 31.5 34.7 1.8
Spain 1002 4.6 12.4 37.1 40.7 5.3
France 1000 17.7 18.7 34.2 22.8 6.6
Ireland 1000 6.4 12.4 36.9 42.6 1.7
Italy 1014 5.7 13.9 36.1 37.6 6.8
Cyprus 500 5.6 11.9 34.2 44.4 3.9
Latvia 1014 3.7 13.4 40.6 34.7 7.6
Lithuania 1000 2.3 5.3 42.8 35.8 13.9
Luxembourg 503 9.5 25.2 32.9 27.2 5.2
Hungary 1012 4.1 7.8 38.9 43.4 5.8
Malta 500 2.5 10.6 35.9 41 10.1
Netherlands 1001 5.6 23.9 36.6 30.7 3.3
Austria 1002 12.8 32.8 32.8 17.9 3.7
Poland 1003 4 10.3 35.4 44.5 5.8
Portugal 1004 2.3 9.3 36.5 42.5 9.3
Romania 1005 3.3 8.8 33.5 46.8 7.7
Slovenia 1002 7.6 15.8 42.4 27.9 6.3
Slovakia 1011 4.3 10.5 43.3 34.2 7.7
Finland 1003 5.7 21.1 48.5 18.9 5.7
Sweden 1014 12.1 26.8 32.8 16.4 11.9
United Kingdom 1000 14.1 17 34 30.3 4.7
Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union Annex
page 38
Table 8b. Provide space-based monitoring tools to improve citizen security – by segment
QUESTION: Q4_D. How important is in your view to develop the following space applications for Europe? - To
provide space-based monitoring tools to improve citizen security
Total N
% Not
important
at all
% Not so
important
% Quite
important
% Very
important % DK/NA
EU27 25614 9.4 17.9 34.9 31.9 5.9
SEX
Male 12384 10.4 19.1 33.5 32.7 4.3
Female 13230 8.4 16.9 36.2 31.2 7.3
AGE
15 - 24 3881 7.2 16.2 38.9 35.1 2.6
25 - 39 5916 9.4 19 36 31.8 3.8
40 - 54 6895 10.5 21 33.8 30.3 4.4
55 + 8756 9.3 15.5 33.5 32 9.7
EDUCATION (end of)
Until 15 years of age 4248 8.2 14.2 34.3 31.6 11.7
16 - 20 10881 9.3 17.1 35.3 33.3 4.9
20 + 7348 11.4 21.7 33.3 29.7 3.9
Still in education 2664 6.4 17.1 40.6 33.6 2.3
URBANISATION
Metropolitan 4420 9.2 21.7 32.6 32.5 4.1
Urban 10868 8.8 16.2 35.5 33.9 5.5
Rural 10214 9.8 18.3 35.4 29.6 6.9
OCCUPATION
Self-employed 2130 13 19.1 34.6 28.8 4.4
Employee 8446 10.1 21.9 35.1 29.5 3.4
Manual worker 2097 8.4 16.2 33 37.5 5
Not working 12844 8.4 15.5 35.2 33.1 7.8
Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union Annex
page 39
Table 9a. Space exploration is important as a means to expand human knowledge – by country
QUESTION: Q5_A. Please tell me how much do you agree or disagree with the following statements: - Space
exploration is important as a means to expand human knowledge
Total N
% Disagree
strongly % Disagree % Agree
% Strongly
agree % DK/NA
EU27 25614 4.8 12.5 47.6 30.5 4.6
COUNTRY
Belgium 1001 2.2 14 48.3 29.5 6
Bulgaria 1001 0.4 2.1 40.3 52.5 4.6
Czech Rep. 1001 2.6 12.4 45.7 36.1 3.2
Denmark 1005 3.9 13.4 46.6 33.2 2.9
Germany 1012 5.7 14 48.3 30.1 1.9
Estonia 1004 1 5.1 44.7 42.9 6.3
Greece 1000 2.4 7.8 45.7 43.2 1
Spain 1002 2.9 13.4 52.7 26.4 4.6
France 1000 8 14.9 42.9 29.4 4.7
Ireland 1000 5.7 9.2 36 48.5 0.5
Italy 1014 4.5 14.5 47.8 23.8 9.3
Cyprus 500 0.9 8.7 53.6 34.5 2.2
Latvia 1014 1.4 6.6 47.5 40 4.5
Lithuania 1000 3.1 9.8 57.2 16.5 13.4
Luxembourg 503 4 11.7 44.3 36.8 3.2
Hungary 1012 1.7 5 45.5 44.8 2.9
Malta 500 3.7 9.7 50.4 28.4 7.7
Netherlands 1001 4 21.1 58 14.4 2.6
Austria 1002 5.2 10.5 48 34 2.2
Poland 1003 2.5 7.5 52.4 28.9 8.7
Portugal 1004 1.2 7.7 47.7 33.4 9.9
Romania 1005 2.4 7.5 58.2 26 5.9
Slovenia 1002 3.9 11.1 54.9 28 2.1
Slovakia 1011 1.8 9.3 52.9 33.7 2.3
Finland 1003 3.3 12.8 49.5 32.9 1.5
Sweden 1014 5.7 13.2 51 23.7 6.4
United Kingdom 1000 8.5 13 38.4 38.5 1.5
Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union Annex
page 40
Table 9b. Space exploration is important as a means to expand human knowledge – by segment
QUESTION: Q5_A. Please tell me how much do you agree or disagree with the following statements: - Space
exploration is important as a means to expand human knowledge
Total N
%
Disagree
strongly
%
Disagree % Agree
%
Strongly
agree % DK/NA
EU27 25614 4.8 12.5 47.6 30.5 4.6
SEX
Male 12384 4.5 11.7 44.5 36.3 3
Female 13230 5.2 13.2 50.5 25.1 6.1
AGE
15 - 24 3881 2.4 9.9 48.2 37.1 2.4
25 - 39 5916 4.8 11.3 49.3 31.9 2.7
40 - 54 6895 5.2 13.5 48.2 29.4 3.7
55 + 8756 5.5 13.5 45.9 27.5 7.5
EDUCATION (end of)
Until 15 years of age 4248 7.2 15.4 45.9 20.7 10.7
16 - 20 10881 5.1 13.5 48.6 28.9 3.9
20 + 7348 3.7 10.2 47.6 36.1 2.4
Still in education 2664 2.5 9.6 47.4 38.8 1.8
URBANISATION
Metropolitan 4420 4.2 10.5 45.9 36.6 2.9
Urban 10868 4.2 12.2 48.2 31 4.3
Rural 10214 5.8 13.5 47.9 27.2 5.6
OCCUPATION
Self-employed 2130 5.8 12 47.9 31.7 2.7
Employee 8446 4 12.9 48.8 32.2 2.2
Manual worker 2097 4.9 12.9 50.6 27 4.6
Not working 12844 5.3 12.2 46.4 29.7 6.4
Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union Annex
page 41
Table 10a. Space exploration is important as a source of innovation and economic development – by country
QUESTION: Q5_B. Please tell me how much do you agree or disagree with the following statements: - Space
exploration is important as a source of innovation and economic development
Total N
% Disagree
strongly % Disagree % Agree
% Strongly
agree % DK/NA
EU27 25614 5.1 17.8 47.8 22.4 6.9
COUNTRY
Belgium 1001 2.7 17.7 48.7 24 6.9
Bulgaria 1001 0.9 5.8 43.2 40.5 9.7
Czech Rep. 1001 4.1 20.5 42.2 26.6 6.6
Denmark 1005 3.4 22.2 47.5 20.1 6.8
Germany 1012 4.9 15.8 54.1 21 4.2
Estonia 1004 2.4 14 41.2 34.1 8.4
Greece 1000 5.2 18.5 48 23.2 5.1
Spain 1002 3.7 20.3 49 18 9
France 1000 10.3 22.3 42.2 18.1 7.1
Ireland 1000 5.4 13.9 42.8 36.4 1.5
Italy 1014 5.9 18.8 46 18.8 10.4
Cyprus 500 2.3 18.4 55.5 18.1 5.7
Latvia 1014 3.9 16.3 48.6 21.2 10
Lithuania 1000 2.4 12 50.3 17.9 17.4
Luxembourg 503 3.3 17.2 49.1 24.4 6
Hungary 1012 2.7 7.4 42.5 39.8 7.5
Malta 500 6.4 17.7 47.6 17.4 10.9
Netherlands 1001 2.2 22.6 60.9 10.9 3.4
Austria 1002 4.7 16.9 48.7 25.4 4.3
Poland 1003 1 13.2 51.7 26.6 7.5
Portugal 1004 3.3 14.6 43.2 26.9 12
Romania 1005 2.8 15.1 49.6 23.6 9
Slovenia 1002 4.7 16.5 56.2 18.1 4.5
Slovakia 1011 2.5 19.3 47.8 21.8 8.7
Finland 1003 3.4 21.1 52.6 18.8 4.1
Sweden 1014 5.8 19.6 45.3 18.7 10.6
United Kingdom 1000 7.6 19.2 41.8 28.1 3.4
Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union Annex
page 42
Table 10b. Space exploration is important as a source of innovation and economic development – by segment
QUESTION: Q5_B. Please tell me how much do you agree or disagree with the following statements: - Space
exploration is important as a source of innovation and economic development
Total N
%
Disagree
strongly
%
Disagree % Agree
%
Strongly
agree % DK/NA
EU27 25614 5.1 17.8 47.8 22.4 6.9
SEX
Male 12384 5.2 15.6 47 28.2 4.1
Female 13230 5.1 19.9 48.6 16.9 9.5
AGE
15 - 24 3881 4.1 17.5 52.2 23.5 2.8
25 - 39 5916 5.1 20.6 47.8 22.1 4.4
40 - 54 6895 5.4 17.5 49.5 22.3 5.4
55 + 8756 5.2 16.4 44.7 22.2 11.5
EDUCATION (end of)
Until 15 years of age 4248 7.5 17.5 42 17 16
16 - 20 10881 5.5 18.4 48.4 22.1 5.6
20 + 7348 3.4 17.1 49.2 26.1 4.1
Still in education 2664 4.2 18.6 52.2 22.7 2.4
URBANISATION
Metropolitan 4420 4.9 17 47 27.2 3.8
Urban 10868 4.5 18 48.1 22.4 7
Rural 10214 5.8 18.1 47.9 20.2 8
OCCUPATION
Self-employed 2130 6.2 17.8 48 23.7 4.3
Employee 8446 4.2 18.9 49.4 23.7 3.8
Manual worker 2097 5.5 18.4 48.6 21.5 6
Not working 12844 5.5 17.1 46.6 21.4 9.4
Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union Annex
page 43
Table 11a. Space exploration is important to help to find new raw materials and energy resources – by country
QUESTION: Q5_C. Please tell me how much do you agree or disagree with the following statements: - Space
exploration is important to help to find new raw materials and energy resources
Total N
% Disagree
strongly % Disagree % Agree
% Strongly
agree % DK/NA
EU27 25614 5.7 16.8 44.7 25.9 6.9
COUNTRY
Belgium 1001 2.9 18.3 47.9 22.4 8.5
Bulgaria 1001 0.3 5.3 38.1 47.2 9.1
Czech Rep. 1001 2.2 16.8 47.8 28.4 4.7
Denmark 1005 2.6 22.5 45 23.1 6.9
Germany 1012 7.1 22.5 44.8 19.4 6.1
Estonia 1004 3.8 13 42.1 29 12.1
Greece 1000 4.6 12.6 41.9 36.4 4.5
Spain 1002 4.3 15.5 49.5 24.6 6.2
France 1000 11 18.1 43.1 20.4 7.4
Ireland 1000 6.2 14 37.2 39.3 3.3
Italy 1014 4.8 15.4 48.4 21.9 9.5
Cyprus 500 1.4 12.1 47.6 34.5 4.4
Latvia 1014 1.1 14.7 43.3 31.9 9
Lithuania 1000 2.9 9.9 49.6 22.4 15.3
Luxembourg 503 6.5 18.1 44.8 24.4 6.3
Hungary 1012 2.5 8.9 38.6 43.3 6.8
Malta 500 1.8 7.2 53.4 26.2 11.4
Netherlands 1001 2.2 23.3 54.5 14.6 5.5
Austria 1002 9.8 29.4 37.8 18.3 4.8
Poland 1003 1.1 9.5 46.9 36 6.5
Portugal 1004 2.1 10.9 40.9 33 13.2
Romania 1005 1.9 5.6 50.6 33.3 8.6
Slovenia 1002 4.9 21.8 49.8 17 6.5
Slovakia 1011 1.6 13.7 47.5 31.6 5.6
Finland 1003 4.2 22.9 49.5 19.7 3.6
Sweden 1014 6.4 19 41.5 20.5 12.6
United Kingdom 1000 9.3 18.9 35.8 32.3 3.6
Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union Annex
page 44
Table 11b. Space exploration is important to help to find new raw materials and energy resources – by segment
QUESTION: Q5_C. Please tell me how much do you agree or disagree with the following statements: - Space
exploration is important to help to find new raw materials and energy resources
Total N
%
Disagree
strongly
%
Disagree % Agree
%
Strongly
agree % DK/NA
EU27 25614 5.7 16.8 44.7 25.9 6.9
SEX
Male 12384 5.9 16.8 42.4 30.3 4.6
Female 13230 5.6 16.7 46.9 21.8 9
AGE
15 - 24 3881 2.9 14.7 45.5 33.8 3.1
25 - 39 5916 4.6 15.9 48 26.8 4.8
40 - 54 6895 6.8 19.1 44.4 23.6 6
55 + 8756 6.7 16.3 42.8 23.7 10.5
EDUCATION (end of)
Until 15 years of age 4248 7.3 15.1 44.6 19.4 13.6
16 - 20 10881 5.5 16.5 45.7 26.7 5.6
20 + 7348 6.1 18.6 43.5 26.4 5.3
Still in education 2664 2.5 16 45.5 33.3 2.7
URBANISATION
Metropolitan 4420 6.6 17.5 43.2 28.1 4.6
Urban 10868 5.2 15.6 46.3 26.6 6.3
Rural 10214 5.9 17.8 43.8 24.2 8.4
OCCUPATION
Self-employed 2130 7.7 17.2 44.6 24.8 5.7
Employee 8446 5.7 19.6 45.1 25 4.6
Manual worker 2097 4.9 13.2 49.6 27.6 4.7
Not working 12844 5.6 15.4 43.7 26.4 8.9
Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union Annex
page 45
Table 12a. Space exploration is important to better protect our planet – by country
QUESTION: Q5_D. Please tell me how much do you agree or disagree with the following statements: - Space
exploration is important to better protect our planet
Total N
% Disagree
strongly % Disagree % Agree
% Strongly
agree % DK/NA
EU27 25614 5.8 15.4 44.7 27.3 6.9
COUNTRY
Belgium 1001 2.5 14.2 53.1 23 7.2
Bulgaria 1001 0.9 4.6 38 48.5 8
Czech Rep. 1001 5 16.9 43 28.3 6.8
Denmark 1005 3.2 16.1 46.9 27.8 6
Germany 1012 5.8 21.1 46.5 20.6 5.9
Estonia 1004 2.5 8.9 44 36 8.7
Greece 1000 4 9.2 42.1 40.8 4
Spain 1002 2.4 14.3 47 29.2 7.1
France 1000 11.1 11.7 43.9 26 7.3
Ireland 1000 5.6 13.7 34.9 43.6 2.2
Italy 1014 5.8 15.3 47.1 21.9 9.9
Cyprus 500 1.8 13.2 44 36.4 4.6
Latvia 1014 2.6 14 46.6 27.7 9.2
Lithuania 1000 2.8 5.5 52.7 25.8 13.2
Luxembourg 503 7.4 14 42.8 30.6 5.1
Hungary 1012 4.2 10.4 39 39.3 7.2
Malta 500 2.3 7.9 50.3 30.2 9.3
Netherlands 1001 4 27.7 50.9 12.8 4.6
Austria 1002 10.8 26.3 39 18.7 5.2
Poland 1003 1.3 8.5 46.8 36.6 6.7
Portugal 1004 1.8 9.3 42.4 33.6 12.9
Romania 1005 1.9 7.4 50.1 33.2 7.4
Slovenia 1002 5.8 16.3 49.3 23.7 5
Slovakia 1011 2.3 12.6 46.8 31.4 6.9
Finland 1003 3.6 17.2 49.5 25.6 4.1
Sweden 1014 6.3 18.4 43.5 21.2 10.5
United Kingdom 1000 10.6 19.6 35.3 30.5 4.1
Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union Annex
page 46
Table 12b. Space exploration is important to better protect our planet – by segment
QUESTION: Q5_D. Please tell me how much do you agree or disagree with the following statements: - Space
exploration is important to better protect our planet
Total N
%
Disagree
strongly
%
Disagree % Agree
%
Strongly
agree % DK/NA
EU27 25614 5.8 15.4 44.7 27.3 6.9
SEX
Male 12384 5.9 16.2 42.7 30.5 4.7
Female 13230 5.6 14.7 46.5 24.3 8.9
AGE
15 - 24 3881 4.2 16.9 49.9 26.8 2.2
25 - 39 5916 4.7 13.9 47.6 29.4 4.5
40 - 54 6895 6.1 16.7 44 27.4 5.8
55 + 8756 6.7 14.7 41.2 26.3 11.1
EDUCATION (end of)
Until 15 years of age 4248 6.1 14.8 42.6 22.1 14.4
16 - 20 10881 6.1 14.9 45.6 27.9 5.4
20 + 7348 5.7 15.8 43.4 29.5 5.6
Still in education 2664 4 17.2 49.6 27.5 1.8
URBANISATION
Metropolitan 4420 5.9 16.1 42.5 30.7 4.8
Urban 10868 5.5 13.9 46.1 28.1 6.3
Rural 10214 6 16.7 44.3 24.8 8.2
OCCUPATION
Self-employed 2130 7.3 16 42 30 4.8
Employee 8446 5.1 16.5 46 27.6 4.8
Manual worker 2097 6 14.9 47 27.4 4.7
Not working 12844 5.9 14.7 43.9 26.6 8.8
Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union Annex
page 47
Table 13a. Should the European Union do more on the field of Space Exploration? – by country
QUESTION: Q6. Should the European Union do more on the field of Space Exploration?
Total N % No
% Yes,
perhaps
% Yes,
definitely
% Does not
matter / not
interested % DK/NA
EU27 25614 28 37.6 26.4 2.3 5.7
COUNTRY
Belgium 1001 34.3 34.6 20.2 4.4 6.4
Bulgaria 1001 5.3 30.5 55.3 2.2 6.7
Czech Rep. 1001 25.6 45.2 20.5 2.6 6.1
Denmark 1005 32.9 37.1 24.6 0.5 4.9
Germany 1012 28.5 42.2 23.8 1.7 3.8
Estonia 1004 14.5 42.3 30 4.8 8.4
Greece 1000 13.5 29 55.3 0.5 1.7
Spain 1002 22.8 43.4 26.2 2.1 5.4
France 1000 36.7 37.1 18.6 1.9 5.6
Ireland 1000 24.8 30.2 41.9 0.1 3
Italy 1014 34.9 34 20.9 4.1 6.2
Cyprus 500 10.7 41.5 44.4 1 2.3
Latvia 1014 18.2 47.4 23.6 6.2 4.6
Lithuania 1000 18.2 44.5 19.8 8.6 8.9
Luxembourg 503 20 47.3 29 0.4 3.3
Hungary 1012 23.6 38.6 28.5 3.1 6.1
Malta 500 18.9 38.6 33.6 1.5 7.4
Netherlands 1001 39.7 32.4 19.7 3.3 4.9
Austria 1002 28.8 43.1 22.8 1.1 4.2
Poland 1003 18.3 40.7 29.7 2.2 9.1
Portugal 1004 20.4 38.4 30.9 2.9 7.4
Romania 1005 11.3 34.8 41.8 5 7
Slovenia 1002 26.9 38.7 27.8 0.4 6.2
Slovakia 1011 19.4 46.3 21.1 4.5 8.7
Finland 1003 25.3 52.1 18.8 0.9 2.9
Sweden 1014 30.6 37.2 16.4 1.3 14.6
United Kingdom 1000 33.5 29.5 31.8 0.2 5
Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union Annex
page 48
Table 13b. Should the European Union do more on the field of Space Exploration? – by segment
QUESTION: Q6. Should the European Union do more on the field of Space Exploration?
Total N % No
% Yes,
perhaps
% Yes,
definitely
% Does
not
matter /
not
interested % DK/NA
EU27 25614 28 37.6 26.4 2.3 5.7
SEX
Male 12384 25.4 35.9 32.5 1.5 4.7
Female 13230 30.4 39.2 20.7 3 6.7
AGE
15 - 24 3881 19.5 41.8 34.9 1.5 2.4
25 - 39 5916 25.9 41.7 26.2 1.4 4.8
40 - 54 6895 30.3 36.8 25.1 2.3 5.5
55 + 8756 31.1 33.8 24.1 3.1 7.9
EDUCATION (end of)
Until 15 years of age 4248 33.5 34.1 19.8 4.5 8.1
16 - 20 10881 29.7 37 25.8 2.2 5.2
20 + 7348 25.5 38.8 28.8 1.2 5.6
Still in education 2664 19.1 43.9 33 1.4 2.7
URBANISATION
Metropolitan 4420 26.7 37.9 29.3 1.3 4.7
Urban 10868 27.2 37.7 27.1 2.4 5.6
Rural 10214 29.4 37.6 24.3 2.5 6.2
OCCUPATION
Self-employed 2130 28.3 34 30 2.4 5.3
Employee 8446 27.9 40.1 25.5 1.3 5.2
Manual worker 2097 27.7 37.4 27.3 2.9 4.6
Not working 12844 28 36.7 26.3 2.8 6.3
Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union Annex
page 49
Table 14a. The share of the European budget to cover all space activities including space exploration should be... – by country
QUESTION: Q7. There are various budget priorities for the European Union. According to you, the share of the
European budget to cover all space activities including space exploration should be:
Total N % Reduced
%
Unchanged
%
Increased
% Does not
matter / not
interested % DK/NA
EU27 25614 22.8 42.7 19.5 2.7 12.3
COUNTRY
Belgium 1001 19 46.5 16.4 7.1 11
Bulgaria 1001 7.5 23 39.6 6 24
Czech Rep. 1001 17.8 47.9 20.6 3.2 10.5
Denmark 1005 13.9 54.6 20.4 0.9 10.2
Germany 1012 19.3 55.2 12.3 2 11.1
Estonia 1004 16.6 42.8 19.3 4.6 16.7
Greece 1000 21.4 33.1 31.2 1.1 13.2
Spain 1002 29.7 40.8 19.8 1.5 8.2
France 1000 31.7 37.6 15 1.6 14.1
Ireland 1000 23.2 36.5 31.5 0.4 8.4
Italy 1014 26.5 40.6 16.6 4.4 11.9
Cyprus 500 15.7 29.4 37.5 1.9 15.6
Latvia 1014 24.3 49.5 11.8 4.3 10.1
Lithuania 1000 14.8 37.9 21.7 8.7 16.9
Luxembourg 503 15.2 53.6 17.1 0.5 13.6
Hungary 1012 14.1 41.5 26.1 7.5 10.9
Malta 500 23 29.7 29.7 1.8 15.9
Netherlands 1001 19.9 53.6 12.3 3.6 10.6
Austria 1002 21.4 53.2 14.5 0.8 10
Poland 1003 18.2 38.3 26.7 3.1 13.7
Portugal 1004 25.3 38.3 18.4 5.1 12.9
Romania 1005 13.7 28.4 37.1 6.1 14.7
Slovenia 1002 19.8 48.2 19.1 1.1 11.8
Slovakia 1011 11.5 49 19.2 4.8 15.5
Finland 1003 13.4 61.8 17.4 0.6 6.9
Sweden 1014 16.8 44.9 14.9 1.8 21.6
United Kingdom 1000 26.2 38.2 23.1 0.3 12.4
Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union Annex
page 50
Table 14b. The share of the European budget to cover all space activities including space exploration should be... – by segment
QUESTION: Q7. There are various budget priorities for the European Union. According to you, the share of the
European budget to cover all space activities including space exploration should be:
Total N
%
Reduced
%
Unchanged
%
Increased
% Does
not
matter /
not
interested % DK/NA
EU27 25614 22.8 42.7 19.5 2.7 12.3
SEX
Male 12384 20.1 41.3 25.3 2.3 10.9
Female 13230 25.4 43.9 14.1 3 13.6
AGE
15 - 24 3881 15.8 47.2 27.1 1.6 8.2
25 - 39 5916 21.8 42.1 20 2.3 13.9
40 - 54 6895 23.4 42.9 18.4 2.7 12.5
55 + 8756 26 41.1 16.8 3.4 12.6
EDUCATION (end of)
Until 15 years of age 4248 32.7 36.1 13.8 5.1 12.4
16 - 20 10881 24.3 44.4 18.4 2.2 10.7
20 + 7348 18.1 43.4 21.1 2.2 15.3
Still in education 2664 13.9 46.3 28.9 2.1 8.7
URBANISATION
Metropolitan 4420 21.6 40.8 23 2.1 12.5
Urban 10868 21.9 42.3 20.4 2.7 12.6
Rural 10214 24.3 44.1 17 2.9 11.7
OCCUPATION
Self-employed 2130 22.2 37 23.6 3.2 14
Employee 8446 20.9 44.2 18.8 1.7 14.3
Manual worker 2097 27.8 42.2 19.3 3 7.8
Not working 12844 23.5 42.7 19.4 3.2 11.3
Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union Annex
page 51
6. Survey details
This general population survey “Space activities of the EU” (No 272) was conducted for the European
Commission, Directorate-General for for Enterprise and Industry – Unit H/6 Administration, Finance
and Communication.
Although interviews were predominantly carried out by telephone via fixed-lines, interviews were also
conducted via mobile telephones and by face-to-face (F2F) interviews as appropriate. This
methodology ensures that results are representative of the EU27 Member State population. In most of
the countries where a large share of residents could not be contacted by fixed-line telephones (as many
do not subscribe to such service), a mixed-mode methodology was employed to ensure that these
individuals were questioned and this was done either through F2F interviews or by including mobile
telephones in the sampling frame. For this survey, mobile telephone interviews were conducted in
Austria, Belgium, Finland, Italy, Portugal and Spain, and some F2F interviews in the Czech Republic,
Lithuania, Hungary, Slovakia, Latvia, Romania, Estonia, Bulgaria and Poland.
Interviews were conducted in each country between the 03/07/2009 and the 07/07/2009 by the
following institutes:
Belgium BE Gallup Europe (Interviews: 03/07/2009 - 07/07/2009)
Czech Republic CZ Focus Agency (Interviews: 03/07/2009 - 07/07/2009)
Denmark DK Hermelin (Interviews: 03/07/2009 - 07/07/2009)
Germany DE IFAK (Interviews: 03/07/2009 - 07/07/2009)
Estonia EE Saar Poll (Interviews: 03/07/2009 - 07/07/2009)
Greece EL Metroanalysis (Interviews: 03/07/2009 - 07/07/2009)
Spain ES Gallup Spain (Interviews: 03/07/2009 - 07/07/2009)
France FR Efficience3 (Interviews: 03/07/2009 - 07/07/2009)
Ireland IE Gallup UK (Interviews: 03/07/2009 - 07/07/2009)
Italy IT Demoskopea (Interviews: 03/07/2009 - 07/07/2009)
Cyprus CY CYMAR (Interviews: 03/07/2009 - 07/07/2009)
Latvia LV Latvian Facts (Interviews: 03/07/2009 - 07/07/2009)
Lithuania LT Baltic Survey (Interviews: 03/07/2009 - 07/07/2009)
Luxembourg LU Gallup Europe (Interviews: 03/07/2009 - 07/07/2009)
Hungary HU Gallup Hungary (Interviews: 03/07/2009 - 07/07/2009)
Malta MT MISCO (Interviews: 03/07/2009 - 07/07/2009)
Netherlands NL MSR (Interviews: 03/07/2009 - 07/07/2009)
Austria AT Spectra (Interviews: 03/07/2009 - 07/07/2009)
Poland PL Gallup Poland (Interviews: 03/07/2009 - 07/07/2009)
Portugal PT Consulmark (Interviews: 03/07/2009 - 07/07/2009)
Slovenia SI Cati d.o.o (Interviews: 03/07/2009 - 07/07/2009)
Slovakia SK Focus Agency (Interviews: 03/07/2009 - 07/07/2009)
Finland FI Norstat Finland Oy (Interviews: 03/07/2009 - 07/07/2009)
Sweden SE Hermelin (Interviews: 03/07/2009 - 07/07/2009)
United Kingdom UK Gallup UK (Interviews: 03/07/2009 - 07/07/2009)
Bulgaria BG Vitosha (Interviews: 03/07/2009 - 07/07/2009)
Romania RO Gallup Romania (Interviews: 03/07/2009 - 07/07/2009)
Representativeness of the results
Each national sample is representative of the population aged 15 years and above.
Sample sizes
In most EU countries the target sample size was 1000 respondents, but 500 interviews in Cyprus,
Luxembourg, Malta . The table below shows the achieved sample size by country.
Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union Annex
page 52
A weighting factor was applied to the national results in order to compute a marginal total where each
country contributes to the European Union result in proportion to its population.
The table below presents, for each of the countries:
(1) the number of interviews actually carried out
(2) the population-weighted total number of interviews
Total interviews
Total Interviews
Conducted % of Total
EU27
weighted
% of Total
(weighted)
Total 25614 100 25614 100
BE 1001 3.91 540 2.11
BG 1001 3.91 408 1.59
CZ 1001 3.91 541 2.11
DK 1005 3.92 272 1.06
DE 1012 3.95 4354 17.00
EE 1004 3.92 70 0.27
EL 1000 3.90 588 2.30
ES 1002 3.91 2336 9.12
FR 1000 3.90 3172 12.38
IE 1000 3.90 211 0.82
IT 1014 3.96 3122 12.19
CY 500 1.95 39 0.15
LV 1014 3.96 121 0.47
LT 1000 3.90 175 0.68
LU 503 1.96 24 0.09
HU 1012 3.95 524 2.05
MT 500 1.95 21 0.08
NL 1001 3.91 823 3.21
AT 1002 3.91 430 1.68
PL 1003 3.92 1972 7.70
PT 1004 3.92 551 2.15
RO 1005 3.92 1121 4.38
SI 1002 3.91 106 0.41
SK 1011 3.95 278 1.08
FI 1003 3.92 269 1.05
SE 1014 3.96 465 1.81
UK 1000 3.90 3081 12.03
Questionnaires
1. The questionnaire prepared for this survey is reproduced at the end of this results volume, in
English.
2. The institutes listed above translated the questionnaire in their respective national language(s).
3. One copy of each national questionnaire is annexed to the results (volume tables).
Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union Annex
page 53
Tables of results
VOLUME A: COUNTRY BY COUNTRY
The VOLUME A tables present the European Union results country by country.
VOLUME B: RESPONDENTS‟ DEMOGRAPHICS
The VOLUME B tables present the European Union results with the following socio-demographic
characteristics of respondents as breakdowns:
Volume B:
Sex (Male, Female)
Age (15-24, 25-39, 40-54, 55 +)
Subjective urbanisation (Metropolitan zone, Other town/urban centre, Rural zone)
Occupation (Self-employed, Employee, Manual worker, Not working)
Education (-15, 16-20, 21+, Still in full time education)
Sampling error
Surveys are designed and conducted to provide an estimate of a true value of characteristics of a
population at a given time. An estimate of a survey is unlikely to exactly equal the true population
quantity of interest for a variety of reasons. One of these reasons is that data in a survey are collected
from only some – a sample of – members of the population, this to make data collection cheaper and
faster. The “margin of error” is a common summary of sampling error, which quantifies uncertainty
about (or confidence in) a survey result.
Usually, one calculates a 95 percent confidence interval of the format: survey estimate +/- margin of
error. This interval of values will contain the true population value at least 95% of time.
For example, if it was estimated that 45% of EU citizens are in favour of a single European currency
and this estimate is based on a sample of 100 EU citizens, the associated margin of error is about 10
percentage points. The 95 percent confidence interval for support for a European single currency
would be (45%-10%) to (45%+10%), suggesting that in the EU the support for a European single
currency could range from 35% to 55%. Because of the small sample size of 100 EU citizens, there is
considerable uncertainty about whether or not the citizens of the EU support a single currency.
As a general rule, the more interviews conducted (sample size), the smaller the margin of error. Larger
samples are more likely to give results closer to the true population quantity and thus have smaller
margins of error. For example, a sample of 500 will produce a margin of error of no more than about
4.5 percentage points, and a sample of 1,000 will produce a margin of error of no more than about 3
percentage points.
Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union Annex
page 54
Margin of error (95% confidence interval)
Survey
estimate
Sample size (n)
10 50 100 150 200 400 800 1000 2000 4000
5% 13.5% 6.0% 4.3% 3.5% 3.0% 2.1% 1.5% 1.4% 1.0% 0.7%
10% 18.6% 8.3% 5.9% 4.8% 4.2% 2.9% 2.1% 1.9% 1.3% 0.9%
25% 26.8% 12.0% 8.5% 6.9% 6.0% 4.2% 3.0% 2.7% 1.9% 1.3%
50% 31.0% 13.9% 9.8% 8.0% 6.9% 4.9% 3.5% 3.1% 2.2% 1.5%
75% 26.8% 12.0% 8.5% 6.9% 6.0% 4.2% 3.0% 2.7% 1.9% 1.3%
90% 18.6% 8.3% 5.9% 4.8% 4.2% 2.9% 2.1% 1.9% 1.3% 0.9%
95% 13.5% 6.0% 4.3% 3.5% 3.0% 2.1% 1.5% 1.4% 1.0% 0.7%
(The values in the table are the margin of error – at 95% confidence level – for a given
survey estimate and sample size)
The examples show that the size of a sample is a crucial factor affecting the margin of error.
Nevertheless, once past a certain point – a sample size of 800 or 1,000 – the improvement is small. For
example, to reduce the margin of error to 1.5% would require a sample size of 4,000.
Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union Annex
page 55
7. Questionnaire
Q1. Do you think space exploration and other space activities are important for the future
international position of the European Union?
Very important ................................................................................................. 3
Important .......................................................................................................... 2
Not important ................................................................................................... 1
[No idea] .......................................................................................................... 8
[DK/NA] .......................................................................................................... 9
Q2. Please tell me how much do you agree or disagree with the following statements:
Strongly agree .................................................................................................. 4
Agree ................................................................................................................ 3
Disagree ........................................................................................................... 2
Disagree strongly ............................................................................................ 1
[DK/NA] .......................................................................................................... 9
A. Space activities contribute to industrial competiveness, growth and creation
of jobs in the European Union ............................................................................ 4 3 2 1 9
B. Technologies derived from space activities contribute to developing
innovative terrestrial applications ....................................................................... 4 3 2 1 9
European Earth Observation
Q3. Have you heard about the European Earth Observation satellites?
Yes, and I know what they do .......................................................................... 1
Yes, but I don‟t know what they do ................................................................ 2
No ................................................................................................................... 3
[DK/NA] .......................................................................................................... 9
Q4. How important is in your view to develop the following space applications for Europe?
Very important ................................................................................................. 4
Quite important ................................................................................................ 3
Not so important ............................................................................................... 2
Not important at all .......................................................................................... 1
[DK/NA] .......................................................................................................... 9
(A) An independent European Positioning System (GPS). ................................ 4 3 2 1 9
(B) Earth observation systems to monitor our environment including natural
phenomena like forest fires or floods, effects of climate change. ................ 4 3 2 1 9
(C) Communication tools – including TV via satellite. ...................................... 4 3 2 1 9
(D) To provide space-based monitoring tools to improve citizen security. ........ 4 3 2 1 9
Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union Annex
page 56
Space exploration
Space exploration activities include sending probes to the Moon and planets, developing space
shuttle, developing the International Space Station, sending astronauts to the Moon, and
travel to Mars and beyond.
Q5. Please tell me how much do you agree or disagree with the following statements:
Strongly agree .................................................................................................. 4
Agree ................................................................................................................ 3
Disagree ........................................................................................................... 2
Disagree strongly ............................................................................................ 1
[DK/NA] .......................................................................................................... 9
A. Space exploration is important as a means to expand human knowledge ........... 4 3 2 1 9
B. Space exploration is important as a source of innovation and economic
development ........................................................................................................ 4 3 2 1 9
C. Space exploration is important to help to find new raw materials and energy
resources.............................................................................................................. 4 3 2 1 9
D. Space exploration is important to better protect our planet .................................. 4 3 2 1 9
Q6. Should the European Union do more on the field of Space Exploration?
Yes, definitely .................................................................................................. 3
Yes, perhaps ..................................................................................................... 2
No ................................................................................................................... 1
[Does not matter / not interested] ..................................................................... 8
[DK/NA] .......................................................................................................... 9
Q7. There are various budget priorities for the European Union. According to you, the share
of the European budget to cover all space activities including space exploration should
be:
Increased .......................................................................................................... 3
Unchanged ....................................................................................................... 2
Reduced ............................................................................................................ 1
[Does not matter / not interested] ..................................................................... 8
[DK/NA] .......................................................................................................... 9
Flash EB No 272 – Space activities of the European Union Annex
page 57
D1. Gender [DO NOT ASK- MARK APPROPRIATE]
Male ........................................................................ 1
Female ..................................................................... 2
D2. How old are you?
[_][_] years old
[ 9 9 ] [REFUSAL/NO ANSWER]
D3. How old were you when you stopped full-time education?
[WRITE IN THE AGE WHEN EDUCATION WAS TERMINATED]
[_][_] years old
[ 9 9 ] [REFUSAL/NO ANSWER]
[ 0 1 ] [NEVER BEEN IN FULL TIME EDUCATION]
[ 0 0 ] [STILL IN FULL TIME EDUCATION]
D4. As far as your current occupation is concerned, would you say you are self-employed, an
employee, a manual worker or would you say that you are without a professional
activity? Does it mean that you are a(n)...
[IF A RESPONSE TO THE MAIN CATEGORY IS GIVEN, READ OUT THE RESPECTIVE SUB-
CATEGORIES - ONE ANSWER ONLY]
- Self-employed
i.e. : - farmer, forester, fisherman .................................................................... 11
- owner of a shop, craftsman .................................................................... 12
- professional (lawyer, medical practitioner, accountant, architect,...) .... 13
- manager of a company .......................................................................... 14
- other....................................................................................................... 15
- Employee
i.e. : - professional (employed doctor, lawyer, accountant, architect) ............ 21
- general management, director or top management ................................ 22
- middle management .............................................................................. 23
- Civil servant .......................................................................................... 24
- office clerk............................................................................................. 25
- other employee (salesman, nurse, etc...) ................................................ 26
- other....................................................................................................... 27
- Manual worker
i.e. : - supervisor / foreman (team manager, etc...) .......................................... 31
- Manual worker ..................................................................................... 32
- unskilled manual worker ....................................................................... 33
- other....................................................................................................... 34
- Without a professional activity
i.e. : - looking after the home ........................................................................... 41
- student (full time) .................................................................................. 42
- retired ................................................................................................... 43
- seeking a job .......................................................................................... 44
- other....................................................................................................... 45
- (Refusal) ................................................................................................................. 99
D5. NUTS region
D6. Would you say you live in a ...?
metropolitan zone ............................................. 1
other town/urban centre .................................... 2
rural zone ...................................................... ... 3
(Refusal) .......................................................... 9