SOx-Scrubbing of Marine Exhaust Gases · 2019-02-10 · SCRUBBER SLUDGE 1. The amount of generated sludge is approximately of 0.1..0.4 kg/MWh, in other words less than 10% of “normal”

1 © Wärtsilä

SOx-Scrubbing of Marine Exhaust Gases

Torbjörn Henriksson

Wärtsilä Finland Oy

EGCSA WorkshopExhaust Gas Cleaning Systems Association

SMM, Hamburg, Germany8-9 September 2010

2 © Wärtsilä This document is the property of Wärtsilä Corporation and shall not be copied or reproduced without the consent of the owner. © Wärtsilä

Wärtsilä Scrubber Pilot Project

Wartsila Marine Scrubber

Pilot Project

Type

Fresh water NaOH scrubber.

Application

Auxiliary engine Wärtsilä 4L20.

Purpose of testing

Performance mapping.

Certification experience.

Operational feedback.

Status

Testing 2008-2010.

First marine scrubber certificate (DNV and GL) in the world.


Wärtsilä Scrubber – Prototype Suula


Wärtsilä Scrubber – Running on HFO June 2009


SCRUBBER GAS EMISSION REDUCTION – SOx

Test 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Engine test load % 8 40 70 100 8 40 70 100

Fuel sulphur content % m/m 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 3,4 3,4 3,4 3,4

SO2 after scrubber (*) ppm-v 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Test results:

(*) ’0’ value indicates it was below measureable limits (~2 ppm). Measurement equipment from 3rd partyaccredited company have an accuracy of 2 ppm. For reference, 0,1%S corresponds to 20…30ppm.

6 © Wärtsilä 2 December 2009 J.Kreula

SCRUBBER GAS EMISSION REDUCTION – NOx

SCRUBBER NOx REDUCTIONScrubber performance was tested with low sulphur fuel and high sulphur fuel

and on four different scrubber load levels (8, 40, 80 and 100%).

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

40 140 240 340 440 540 640

Engine test load (kW)

NO

xre

du

ctio

n(%

)

NOx reduction, S 1,5 %

NOx reduction, S 3,4 %

Test results:


PM reduction

PARTICULATE MEASUREMENTS ISO-8178Reduction (%)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Engine test load(%)

PM

red

ucti

on

(%)

Reduction, S 1,5%

Reduction, S 2,1%

Test results:


EFFLUENT - Turbidity

.Tests confirmed substantial decrease of turbidity after water treatment unit.

Discharge water turbidity is below 0,40 FNU regardless of fuel sulphur content.

Test results:

TURBIDITY IN THE DISCHARGE WATERIMO limit: The turbidity of the discharge water should not be over 25 FNU.

0

5

10

15

20

25

1,5 3,4

Fuel sulphur content (% m/m)

FN

U

Discharge water

IMO limit


Compliancewith Marpolcertified byDNV


Compliance with Marpol certified by GL

Water %-mass > 75

Sulphate (SO4) %-mass < 25

Sulphite (SO3) %-mass < 1

Nitrate (NO3) %-mass < 0,2

Nitrite (NO2) %-mass < 0,2

Metals as sum %-mass < 0,006

Hydrocarbons as sum C10-C40 %-mass < 0,0001

Main Components in the Effluent

The composition varies depending on running conditions, such as engineload, fuel composition, sea water and scrubbing water temperature etc.

SCRUBBER SLUDGE

1. The amount of generated sludge is approximately of 0.1..0.4 kg/MWh, inother words less than 10% of “normal” sludge.

2. Sludge generated in the scrubber process is similar to other engine roomsludge, and can therefore be conducted to the same tank.

3. The sludge samples have been taken from the scrubber pilot plant which isinstalled onboard MT “Suula”, owned by Neste Shipping

4. The samples were analyzed in accredited laboratories.

5. Based on these test results waste reception facilities in Finland and Swedenhave confirmed that sludge from the scrubber bleed-off treatment unit canbe handled and disposed of in ports in the same way as other sludge fromships’ engine room.

Auxiliary engine nr 3stopped

Load of auxiliary enginenr 3 Wash water pH

CO2 in exhaustgas

SO2 content inexhaust gas

(sulphur in fuel)

Auxiliary enginenr 3 loaded

alone

Two auxiliary enginesloaded

Shaft generatorloaded alone

Auxiliary engine nr 3running without load

Wash water ph, exhaust gas CO2

and exhaust gas SO2 historicaltrend recorded in dynamic test.

SOx reduction and pH control perfectly stable during transient

During the dynamic test thescrubber was exposed to

artificially heavy and fast loadvariations


Main stream and integrated scrubber

1 Diesel engine

2 Oil-fired boiler

3 Exhaust gas boiler

4 Silencer

5 Integrated scrubber11

2

3 3

5

4 4

1

2

3

41 Diesel engine

2 (Selective Catalytic Reduction)

3 Exhaust gas boiler

4 Scrubber

Main stream scrubber Integrated scrubber

• Mainly for single-engine cargo ships

• Pressure drop max. 800 Pa (loweravailable on request)

• Mainly for multi-engine ships

• Oil-fired boilers can be connected

• Ideal for:

- Diesel-electric plants, including cruise ships

- Tankers with large boilers

• Dimensioned for maximum gas flow < sum of gas flow of allengines

• Added back pressure = zero (compensated by suction fans)


1600 TEU Container Ship Newbuilding


System Description, Performance, Portfolio

SYSTEM DESCRIPTIONFresh water and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) based closed loop exhaust gas scrubber.

LOCATIONEngine casing or funnel, after possible SCR, exhaust gas boiler and silencer. Preferably

considered already in the ship design phase for optimized space utilization.

PERFORMANCEStandard guaranteed SOx-reduction is 97.15 %, offering ships SOx-emissions equivalent with0.1 % sulfur in the fuel when using fuel with 3.5 % sulphur.

NOx-reduction is approximately 3…7 %, and PM-reduction 30…60 %.

PORTFOLIOPower range: 1 – 100 MWMain Stream scrubber: Single main enginesIntegrated scrubber: Main engines (single or multi), auxiliary engines, oil-fired boilers

Big Picture


0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

0

50,000,000

100,000,000

150,000,000

200,000,000

250,000,000

300,000,000

Case 1 Case 2 Case 3

Ye

a

r

s

E

u

r

o

Cost comparison for 25 yearsCase 1 HFO 428 US$/ton, MGO 649 US$/tonCase 2 HFO 244 US$/ton, MGO 646 US$/tonCase 3 HFO 580 US$/ton, MGO 1282 US$/ton

Scrubber OPEXHFO OPEXMGO OPEXOPEX SAVINGSSCRUBBER INVESTMENT COST*Payback time

Cost comparison for 25 yearsTotal engine power: 10 MWAnnual fuel consumption: 9800 ton/aAnnual average load: 69%Interest rate for NPV calculations: 5.0%Fuel price inflation rate: 4.8% (1980-2010 average)Currency rate: 1.27 US$/€NaOH 50%: 200€/ton

*System delivery cost (not including installation)Fuel prices are prices in RotterdamCase 1: 31.08.2010Case 2: August 2008Case 3: May 2008


Scrubber introduction

Return on investment?

• Revised Marpol Annex VI adopted October 2008.

• Fuel price scenarios make scrubbers gradually more attractive.

References?

• Wärtsilä has delivered several stationary power plants with scrubbers.

• Onboard pilot tests.

Wash water regulations?

• IMO amended Guidelines adopted July 2009.

• Wärtsilä Scrubber compliance demonstrated in pilot tests.

Certification procedures?

• IMO amended Guidelines adopted July 2009.

• Wärtsilä Scrubber first in the world to obtain certificate.

A ramp-up of scrubber introduction is gradually expected

Documents

SOx-Scrubbing of Marine Exhaust Gases · 2019-02-10 · SCRUBBER SLUDGE 1. The amount of generated sludge is approximately of 0.1..0.4 kg/MWh, in other words less than 10% of “normal”