1

2

Workshop onAdvanced Carbon Materials for Strategic Applications

th28 April 2017

TECHNICAL PROGRAMME

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8.30 -9.30 AM Spot Registration

9.30 -10.15AM Dr. D.K. Aswal, Director CSIR-NPL Welcome address Dr. O. P. Bahl, President ICS

About the Indian Carbon Society and Theme of the workshop

Dr. R.B. Mathur, Secretary ICS Vote of Thanks Session I – Chairman: Dr. D. K. Aswal

10.15-10.45AM Dr. G. Krishnakumar Carbon-Carbon Composites for Aerospace Applications

10.45-11.15 AM Tea Break

Session II – Chairman: Dr. G. Krishnakumar 11.15 -11.45AM Dr. I. Srikanth Emerging technology gaps in the carbon materials

technologies for missile and aircraft applications

11.45 -12.15PM Dr. K. Dasgupta Carbon Based Materials for Nuclear Applications

12.15-12.45PM Dr. A.K. Gupta Future trends in Chemical Warfare Agents and their Challenges in detection, protection and decontamination

12.45 -1.15PM Dr. A. Udayakumar Cf/SiC Composites for Strategic Applications

1.15-2.15 PM Lunch Break Session III – Chairman: Mr. A. M. Palanisamy

2.15–2.45PM Prof. Veena Choudhary Electromagnetic shielding and dynamic mechanical properties of thermally stable poly(ether-ketone)/multiwalled carbon nanotubes composites with improved mechanical properties

2.45-3.15 PM Dr. P.K. Jain Synthesis of carbon nanomaterials and their applications for energy storage

3.15-4.15PM Poster Session & Tea Break Session IV- Chairman: Dr. Veena Choudhary

4.15-4.45PM Dr. S.R. Dhakate Role of carbon nanomaterials in improving the properties of carbon fiber composites

4.45-5.00 PM Concluding Session 5.00-6.00 PM ICS Council Meeting / High Tea

Abstracts for INVITED TALKS

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Carbon-Carbon (C-C) composites is an all carbon composite wherein the carbon fibre is embedded incarbon matrix. In C-C composites the light weight, high strength and stiffness of carbon fibres areutilized along with the refractory property of the carbon matrix. C-C composites are the best amongall high temperature materials due to its high specific strength, high thermal conductivity, lowercoefficient thermal expansion and its behaviour of retaining the strength at elevated temperature.This enables the use of C-C composites as an ultimate material of choice for severe thermo-structuralapplications such as atmospheric re-entry nose tips and leading edges, solid rocket motor throats,nozzle divergent cones in highperformance rocketry and brake discs in aircrafts apart from otherbio-medical and industrial applications. This presentation describes on different processingtechniques, product development approach, major applications, present status and development inISRO and future directions of Carbon-Carbon Composites for space applications.

In ISRO, the development of C-C composites was initiated to realise C-C Vanes for Hot Gas Motorsof EGC system in liquid stages of PSLV & GSLV. To meet the present and future demands of ISRO,C-C development was focussed on realisation of products for thermo-structural applications likeNose Cap & Nose Shell for SRE-2, Nose Cap for RLV-TD, Nozzle Exit Cone for CE-20 engine, Nozzlethroat inserts for HPS3 and Leading edges for DMRJ engine of Air Breathing propulsion Project(ABPP). ISRO successfully demonstrated the flight testing of first indigenous thermo-structuralcomposite C-C Nose Cap for RLV-TD HEX-01 Mission on 23rd May 2016. In addition to this, C-CLeading Edges made of 2D and 4D C-C composites were also flight tested in ATV D02/DMRJ missionon 28th August 2016. 4D C-C composites for nozzle throat inserts for solid motors were developedand qualified in the sub-scale motors. Presently, the development of C-C nozzle divergent for

C-C composites development in ISRO is employed mostly through liquid route because of the easinessof the process and process intricacies present in the gas phase route especially for thicker components.But, considering the long term requirement of the material for various applications in space, there isa need to develop processes which can aid to realise thicker C-C components through gas routes suchas TG-CVI, FB-CVI etc. Also, focus is given to the joining of C-C composites with metallic structure

oOxidation of C-C in presence of air (>400 C) is the main limitation of this material. To impartsolution to this, numerous coating methods are used to protect C-C from oxidation. One of thecoating material, mostly employed as an oxidation protection coating for C-C is Silicon Carbide(SiC). The coating process of SiC over CC substrate is usually carried out through Polymer basedSlurry Diffusion Route and CVD method using MTCS (Methyl-Trichloro Silane) as precursor.However, because of the hazardous by-products produced during the CVD process using MTCS,there is a need to develop processes using better, efficient & non-hazardous precursors like Mono-Methyl Silane (MMS). Also, coating technologies needs to be developed for future applications

Carbon-Carbon Composites for Aerospace Applications

G. Krishnakumar

Scientist/Engineer – G,Head, Carbon-Carbon Development Division,

Composites Entity, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC),Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), Vattiyoorkavu, Trivandrum-695 013.

Ph: 0471-2569242, Mob: 9447861861, Email: g_krishnakumar@vssc.gov.in

Abstract

cryogenic engine is in progress.

and thermal mismatch problems between C-C and metals.

owhere the service temperature of C-C is beyond 2000 C.

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Emerging Technology Gaps in the Carbon Materials Technologiesfor

Missile and Aircraft Applications

Dr.I. Srikanth, Anil Kumar, K.H.Sinnur

High Temperature Composite Centre, ASL, Hyderabad.

Abstract

Carbon materials have become inevitable necessity for development of long range missiles and advancedaircrafts. Carbon in the form of fibers is used extensively for realizing composites having high specificstrength useful for missile and aircraft structures. To tap the full potential of carbon fibers as reinforcementsunderstanding the surface chemistry of the carbon fibers, developing the toughened resin systems, prepregsmodification of resin with suitable additives like CNTs are under exploration at ASL. Similarly, carbonfiber reinforced phenolic matrix composites are used for ablative structures. Emerging aerospace projectsare looking for more thinner and efficient ablative structures. Nanoclay, nanosilica, other ceramic oxidesborides, carbon nanomaterials were explored at ASL to increase the ablation performance. Achievement

On the other hand, carbon carbon composites, carbon silicon carbide composites are used for varioushigh temperature applications of missiles and aircrafts. Work carried out by ASL and the emerging

Carbon based Radar absorbing structures (RAS) is an emerging area of research with immense potentialfor developing light weight and broadband radar absorbing structures. Work carried out by ASL alongwith international scenario will be discussed. Similarly CFRPs for acoustic energy damping will also

Technology gaps and challenges associated with other forms of carbon like graphite, needle punchedpreforms, advanced carbon grid structures for stealth applications, carbon fiber reinforced ultra hightemperature ceramics will be briefly discussed with an aim to sensitize the participants about therequirements of various advanced versions of carbons and carbon based materials for defence applications.

made at ASL and the state of the art in these areas will be discussed.

technology gaps in this area will be discussed.

be presented.

Corresponding author: isrikanth@asl.drdo.in

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Abstract

Carbon Based Materials for Nuclear Applications

J. Prakash, K. Dasgupta and D. Srivastava

Mechanical Metallurgy Division Mechanical Metallurgy Division, Materials Group,

Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085

Carbon is a wonderful material having wide range of structures and properties depending on the bonding

and hybridization. Carbon based materials find various applications in the field of nuclear energy starting

from structural materials to functional materials. Graphite, the naturally occurring crystalline form of

carbon, is used as the moderator and reflector in high temperature nuclear reactors (HTR) due to its low

neutron adsorption cross-section, high neutron scattering cross-section, high strength to weight ratio, high

thermal conductivity, chemical inertness and good irradiation stability. For Generation IV nuclear reactors,

carbon-carbon (C/C) composites are being considered for better tailor-made properties. TRISO coated

particles, which are used as fuels in HTRs, have different layers of carbon and silicon carbide based

coatings with varied porosity and density in order to contain the fission products. More recently, pyrolytic

graphite, artificial fine grained graphite and C-C composites have been adopted as plasma facing

components in fusion reactors. Amorphous carbon has also been considered as neutron scattering material

for low temperature thermal nuclear reactor, where graphite has a problem of Wigner energy storage.

In Indian scenario, all the above materials are used or have been proposed for our different nuclear reactor

Carbon based nanomaterials, like carbon nanotubes and graphene are finding applications in front end and

back end fuel cycles. Functionalized carbon nanomaterials have been used for selective adsorption of

radionuclide, rare earths, actinides etc. They have also been used to improve the mechanical properties

of C/C composites. Due to very high surface area carbon nanomaterials are being proposed for gas

adsorption during accidental condition. Carbon nanotube-polymer composite has found application

The present talk will cover the synthesis, modification, characterization and applications of carbon based

programmes.

in nuclear desalination.

materials for Indian nuclear programme.

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Abstract

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Future trends in Chemical Warfare Agents and theirChallenges in detection, protection and decontamination

Dr. A. K. Gupta

Defence R & D Establishment Gwalior-474002e-mail: akgupta@drde.drdo.in

alternative e-mail: arvindkumargupta2@rediffmail.com

Weapons of mass destruction (WMD) are weapons which are capable of producing large scale destructionand/or of being used to kill or seriously injure a large number of people. They include chemical weapons,which are defined by the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) as “... anythingspeciÔcally designed or intended for use in direct connection with the release of a chemical agent (CA) tocause death or harm”. This definition can be further divided into three parts to include toxic chemicals and

Highly toxic organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) that are nerve agents such as sarin, soman, tabun,cyclosarin and VX are lethal chemical warfare agents were developed before World War-II. They wereselected for their extreme and acute mammalian toxicity via inhalation or skin penetration as well as fora variety of technological and military tactical reasons. Since the end of cold war and the subsequentreduction of civil defense measures in many countries, national and international crisis scenarios havechanged following the signing of the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC). Even if the major worldpowers agreed to ban production and stockpiling of these chemicals, nerve agents would remain a majortoxicological problem for many years since several thousands tons of these extremely hazardous chemicalswould have to be destroyed after the entry into force of a treaty. Moreover, the confirmed use of chemical

agents in the Gulf War, as well as the presumed proliferation of this type of weapon in Third WorldCountries, suggests that efforts to ban chemical warfare may not be completely successful, even if anagreement reached between the major powers. Further, acts of terrorism and criminal activities achieveda whole new quality after incidents like the sarin attack on the Tokyo subway in 1995 and repeated assaultson the World Trade Center in New York culminating in its destruction on September 11, 2001, Syria attack

Considering threat of CWAs, Defence R&D Establishment has established the credibility by developingthe expertise in field of detection, protection and their decontamination. These aspects will be covered

their precursors, munitions or devices, and equipment.

in August 2013 and recently in 2017.

during presentation.

C/SiC composites exhibit higher toughness compared to monolithic silicon carbide (SiC) because of manyenergy dissipating mechanisms, such as matrix micro-cracking, fibre/matrix de-bonding, fibre sliding, fibrepullout and crack bridging achieved by embedding the carbon fibre in SiC matrix with tailored interfaces,such as pyrolytic carbon (PyC), boron nitride (BN) and multilayer interfaces [(C/SiC) ]. C /SiC compositen f

materials have emerged as highly competitive brake materials for high speed cars, trains and aircraft, sincethese possess several advantages such as low density, good high temperature resistance, high strength andfracture toughness besides having excellent frictional properties, low wear rate and long life. One majordisadvantage of theses composites is low oxidation resistance which is overcome by application of an

Chemical vapour infiltration (CVI) process is widely used for fabricating non-oxide continuous fibrereinforced CMC (C/SiC, C /C, etc.). In low pressure CVI process, the gaseous precursors are transportedf f

to the interior of a heated porous preform and allowed to react at low pressure (1-20 mBar) and hightemperature (800-1400ºC) to form the solid matrix and densify the fibrous preform. Key properties ofCVI generated C/SiC and C/C composites would be presented. Importance of the interface engineeringto achieve the final behavior of composites will also be highlighted. These composites find applicationsin all the strategic sectors including aerospace applications (e.g. Aircraft brake discs, nozzle components

Keywords: Silicon carbide, carbon fibre reinforced silicon carbide (C/SiC) composites, ceramic matrixcomposites, pyrolytic carbon, boron nitride, interphase, fracture toughness, mechanical properties, thermal

Abstract

C /SiC Composites for Strategic Applicationsf

A. Udayakumar

Materials Science Division,CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories,

Bangalore- 560017, Karnataka, Indiaauday@nal.res.in audayk@yahoo.com,

oxidation resistant material while seal coating the finished product.

in aero-engines etc,).

properties

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This study investigates the effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) content on EMI shielding,

thermo mechanical, mechanical and thermal properties of poly(ether-ketone) [PEK] prepared by melt

compounding using twin screw extruder. SEM and TEM studies were adopted to identify dispersion of

nanotubes in PEK matrix. The improved and efficient dispersion of nanotubes in the PEK matrix is reflected

in the formation of an electrically conductive network at a very low percolation threshold value of

1.28 wt%. Total shielding effectiveness (SE ) of -41 dB with very high shielding effectiveness due toT

absorption (SE ~-36 dB) was observed at 10 wt% loading of MWCNTs in PEK matrix in the frequencyA

range of 26.5-40 GHz (Ka band). DMTA studies shows that storage modulus increases with increase in

MWCNT loading and values of adhesion factor (A= -0.37), strength factor (B=6.4), coefficient of4 3reinforcement (C=0.6) and entanglement density (N=4.5×10 mol/m ) are clear indicator of enhanced

interfacial adhesion between MWCNTs and PEK matrix. This reinforcement effect of nanotubes due to

improved dispersion and interfacial adhesion is reflected in enhanced mechanical properties

(tensile strength-119 MPa and tensile modulus-6084 MPa).In addition to above mentioned propertiesohigh thermal stability [i.e. degradation temperature at 10% mass loss (T ) of 582 C] demonstrates it0.1

potential application as high performance EMI shields for demanding applications such as aerospace and

defense where in addition to EMI shielding, mechanical strength and thermal & thermo mechanical stability

Keywords: Poly (ether-ketone), Composites, Mechanical properties, MWCNTs, Shielding effectiveness,

Electromagnetic shielding and dynamic mechanical properties of thermally stable poly(ether-ketone)/multiwalled carbon nanotubes composites with improved

mechanical properties1 1*

Sampat Singh Chauhan and Veena Choudhary1Centre for Polymer Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauzkhas

New Delhi 110016, India

*corresponding author: , veenach@hotmail.comveenac@polymers.iitd.ac.in

Abstract

are also important parameters

Thermo mechanical

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Synthesis of carbon nanomaterials and their applicaionfor energy storage

Dr. P.K. JAIN

Team Leader, Center for Carbon Materials,International Advanced Research Center for Powder

Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI),Hyderabad – 500 005

E-mail - pkjain@arci.res.in, pkjain1966@gmail.com

Abstract

Carbon is an extraordinary element and of great importance to the scientist as well as for technologist.Its unique characteristics made it versatile for many applications areas ranging from house holds aswell as major industries on one hand in high tech aerospace, defence, nuclear energy and new energysource program on the other hand. Although the carbon exist in the nature in the uncombined formas diamond and graphite, the principal source of carbon are coal, petroleum and natural gas.The greater part of the world conventional fuel resources consist of carbon compounds. All forms of plant and animal life involves carbon compounds both as component part and in their nutrition process. Carbon nano-materials have unique mechanical and electronics properties which makes them a primecandidate for many engineering industries including for the energy storage as well as conversionapplications. Recently, these carbon nano-materials were used as nano-electrodes for energy storagedevelopment. Incorporation of hetroatom in carbon network is one of the most useful technique to tailorthe mechanical, thermal chemical, electrical and electronics properties. Based on these properties manyexotic applications have been predicted. Various techniques have been developed for synthesis of Carbonnanomaterials with unique attributes. Among all the techniques, arc-discharge techniques and CVDtechniques are considered the besttechniques for producing high quality carbon nanomaterials. Morphological studies of these materials apart from various characterization such as Raman, Thermalstability and electrical conductivity were carried out. Composite films was developed using MWNT andGraphene dispersing it into the polymer matrix (PANI). Different properties such as electrochemicalproperties were evaluated for these composite films. Results of these evaluation will be discussed alongwith some other applications of carbon materials.

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Role of carbon nanomaterials in improving the properties of carbonfiber composites

S.R. Dhakate

Advanced Carbon Products, Advanced Materials and Devices Division, CSIR-National

Physical Laboratory, New Delhi

Abstract

Since after the discovery of carbon nanotubes, research paid lot of attention in exploiting the properties

of carbon nanotubes. Due to the extraordinary mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes, there are

possibilities to use this material as structural materials for different applications. But so far mechanical

properties of carbon nanotubes in the polymer composites has not been realized due to its dispersion,

interactions and small loading of tiny particles and as result of high surface area. To realized the CNTs

properties now researcher turned toward synthesis of aligned carbon nanotubes and its composites but for

practical application still it is a dream. Therefore, lot of work is going on to develop the carbon fiber hybrid

nanocomposites. In the present talk effect of different carbon nanomaterials such as Carbon nanotubes,

carbon nanofiber and graphene oxide as filler on the mechanical properties of hybrid composite will bediscussed.

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Abstracts for POSTER PRESENTATION

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There is no doubt that carbon is a versatile and amazing substance. It has various fantastic forms like

diamond,fullerenes, graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes etc.. Carbon has specific properties as electrical

conductivity, mechanical properties, electronic structure and stability which make it the material of choice

in different scientific areas. Due to its unique properties such as low density, corrosion inhibitors capacity,

flexibility, high electric current, working even at very high temperature, and the ability to change the

properties accordingly lead it in the area of enormous applications. Carbon has amazing structure in

research and innovation like single walled carbon nanotubes, double walled carbon nanotubes, multi walled

carbon nanotubes, carbon nano-sheets, carbon nano fiber, carbon nano-crystalline thin film, carbon quantum

dots, carbon-carbon mixture, carbon black, carbon foam, activated carbon, magnetic activated carbon,

date-seed activated carbon, porous carbon, porous carbon meso aerojel, meso porous carbon, templated

porous carbon, meso carbon microbeads, carbon meso-phase pitch, graphene, graphene oxide, graphene

nano-ribbons, few layered graphene oxide nanotubes, reduced graphene oxide, single walled graphene,

graphene quantum dots, nano-diamond, poly-crystalline diamond thin film, coal tar pitch, natural graphite,

graphite flakes and ultra-high-temperature ceramic material - such as silicon carbide, titanium carbide and

hafnium carbide etc. In coming days silicon material shall be replaced by carbon nanotubes in

miro-electronics to design the various components of integrated circuits. This revolution will take place

because of graphene and carbon nanotubes are playing vital role in the world of topical nanotechnology.

In the present review article most of the carbon materials applications are compiled.

A review on futurestic applications of Carbon Materials

a b b cSanjeev Kumar *, S. R. Dhakate , B.P. Singh , Garima Jain ,

a Department of Physics, R K (PG) College Shamli, UP

b Advanced Carbon Products, Advanced Materials and Devices, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory,

New Delhi, India-110012c Department of Physics, D A V (PG) College Muzaffarnagar, UP

E-Mail : sanjeev.raonpl@gmail.com

Abstract

Keywords: Carbon, Graphene, Carbon nano tubes, Coal tar pitch.

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Abstract

Effect of resin modification on the properties of carbon paper as PEMFC electrode

Sadiya Waseem, Priyanka H. Maheshwari*, Amit, Saroj Kumari, S. R. Dhakate

CSIR- Natioanl Physical Laboratory, New Delhi

Porous conducting carbon paper acts as an electrode backing in the Fuel Cell. It not only acts aselectrolyte and catalyst support, but also allows the diffusion of hydrogen fuel and air (as oxidant)through its fine porosity and serves as a current-carrying conductor. In order to perform the abovefunctions effectively, the carbon paper should possess the characteristics of high porosity, permeabilityand strength along with low electrical resistivity carbon papers were prepared utilizing the wellknown papermaking technique which include making of carbon fiber porous preforms followed byimpregnation with calculated amount of resin. Phenolic resin was used in the present study which inturn was modified by replacing it partially with pitch because of the graphitic properties of the laterat high temperatures. Different concentrations of pitch and phenolic resin were used for the samplepreparation. The resultant samples were further heat treated to 2200°C. The effect of pitchincorporation was remarkably visible by the effect on the enhanced electrical, mechanical andstructural properties which were characterized using varied techniques. This will be discussed in detailin the workshop.

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The mechanical properties of nanocomposite at microscopic and macroscopic level are important in variousfields. In the present work, high performance multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) bucky paperreinforced epoxy laminar composites have been prepared by vacuum impregnation followed by hydraulicpressing with different number of plies. Dynamic mechanical analysis has been carried out on these laminarcomposite in order to determine the mechanical properties. An incorporation of bucky papers in epoxypolymer matrix led to increase in the storage modulus significantly but reduces the through planeconductivity due to interfacial resistance offered by epoxy polymer. This major problem is resolved byproviding secondary MWCNT network by dispersing 0.05 wt. % MWCNTs in the epoxy, which improvesthe through plane conductivity by 792%. The dynamic mechanical properties, storage modulus for a20Ply.05 laminar composite was 4.84 GPa as compared to 2.24GPa for pure epoxy (an overall improvementof ~ 116%). In addition to storage modulus, the glass transition (T ) temperature of 20Ply.05 laminar g

composite reaches to 191.63°C with maximum peak value of 0.28. While the T of pure epoxy wasg

determined as 168.5°C, which showed an overall improvement of ~ 23°C. The enhancement of mechanicalproperties due to excellent interaction between CNTs and epoxy polymer has been confirmed by FESEManalysis, which very well represents the laminar behaviour in composites. Beside the improvement inmechanical properties, the wide range (X band and Ku band) electromagnetic interference shieldingproperties were also investigated. The shielding effectiveness of more than ~ -50 dB for 20Ply.05 laminarcomposite having a thickness of 3 mm in the both the bands were obtained. Therefore, these bucky paperreinforced laminar composite can be used in automobiles, aerospace and sophisticated electronic gadgets

Abstract

Improved Dynamic Mechanical and Electrical Properties of MWCNT Paper ReinforcedEpoxy Laminar Composites

1 1* 2 1 1Sushant Sharma , Bhanu Pratap Singh , Sampat Singh Chauhan , Abhishek Kr. Arya , S.R.Dhakate1Advanced Carbon Products, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory,

Dr. K.S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi-110012, India2 Centre for Polymer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi-110016

*Email: bps@nplindia.org (B.P. Singh)

industries etc.

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In house synthesized multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) was functionalized using the acid treatmentand refluxed it. These functionalized carbon nanotube (FCNTs) have been dispersed in acrylonitrilebutadiene styrene (ABS) using a micro twin screw extruder with back flow channel. The electricalproperties of different percentage FCNTs in ABS have been studied. Electrical conductivities of these

-14 -6 -1 composites was increased from 10 to 10 Scm showed an improvement of ~8 order of magnitude.Due to significant improvement in the electrical conductivity, EMI shielding effectiveness of thecomposites is achieved up to –27.4 dB (Ku-band) for 10 wt. % loading of FCNTs, indicating the usefulnessof this material for EMI shielding in the Ku-band. The mechanism of improvement in EMI shieldingeffectiveness is discussed by resolving their contribution in absorption and reflection loss. This materialcan be suggested as high strength EMI shielding material in Ku band. This result has also been correlatedwith spectroscopic (Raman spectroscopy) and microstructural characterizations (scanning electron

Keywords: Multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNTs), Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), Electromagnetic

Abstract

Electrical Properties of Functionalized Carbon Nanotube Reinforced AcrylonitrileButadiene Styrene High Performance Composites

*Jeevan Jyoti, Bhanu Pratap Singh , S.R Dhakate

Advanced Carbon Products, Advanced Materials and Devices DivisionCSIR-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi-12, India

Email: *bps@nplindia.org, bpsingh2k4@yahoo.com (B.P. Singh)

microscopy).

interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness, twin screw extruderCorresponding author: Tel.: +91-11-45608460; Fax: +91-11-45609310

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Carbon nanotube is the extraordinary material in carbon material group which have very broad area ofapplications. Since its discovery lot of researchers are working on this material to take complete advantageof its potential, for example, spinning CNT fibres from liquid crystal phase, fiber and films from verticallyaligned array forest. However, floating catalyst method is most promising method by virtue of it beingdrawn out as fibers and sheets directly from the reactor in one step. In these assemblies CNTs are closelypacked and highly aligned axially which could have much greater properties. Floating catalyst method ismost acceptable method for commercial level production of CNT yarn. The process has steps as catalystformation at high temperature, chemical decomposition at same temperature and overall CNT growth andsock formation. Various optimizing parameters are involved on which properties and formation of CNTyarn depends like hydrocarbon, catalyst percentage, ferrocene concentration, promoter amount and carriergas. Other important parameters are gas flow rate, feedstock rate and synthesis temperature. Furthermore,the effect of carrier gas and feedstock injection rate for sock formation has great involvement. Some termslike van-der wall attraction, electrostatic attraction, thermophorisis are reported as in connection with CNTyarn synthesis. CNT fibers are anticipated to have a broad range of potential applications such as,reinforcing material for high strength composites, armour applications, biosensors, transmission-line andself healing composites. Here in, parametrical optimization is carried out to observe the continuous growthof CNT fiber by using the various weight percentage of ethanol as carbon source, ferrocene as a catalystsource and thiophene as promoter in the hydrogen and argon medium. Further, in this study, continuous andpure sock formation is investigated by controlling the feedstock type, injection rate and carrier gas flow rate. Synthesis were performed in horizontal furnace with 45mm(ID) diameter × 1m long reactor at temperatureranging from 1150°C to1300°C. Fibers were collected on rotating winder and further characterized byRaman Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscope, which reveals that highly pure CNT are

The fibre possesses mechanical and electrical properties that rival or exceed those of present-day materials.Mechanical properties can be enhanced by increasing the degree of orientation of the nanotubes with thelong axis of the fibre and by overall densification. These effects will be accomplished through drawing thefibre and solvent treatment. Further, treatment and mass production setup is under progress.

Abstract

Optimization of Parameters for the Synthesis of Long Carbon Nanotube Fibers byContinuous Chemical Vapor Deposition Process

Abhishek Kr. Arya, Bhanu Pratap Singh*, S.R. Dhakate

Advanced Carbon Products, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K.S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi-110012, India

*Email: bps@nplindia.org (B.P. Singh)

synthesized.

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Abstract

Growth of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes

Atif Suhail, Indu Sharma, Sanjay R Dhakate, Kiran M Subhedar*

*kms@nplindia.org Advanced Carbon Products, Advanced Materials and Devices Division

CSIR-NPL, New Delhi-110012, India.

Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotube (VCNTs) Arrays are a unique macrostructure consisting ofcarbon nanotubes oriented along their longitudinal axes normal to a substrate surface. VACNTs havebeen synthesized by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) method from iron chloride vapour phasecatalyst. The VACNTs were grown in quartz tube reactor in the temperature range from 700 to 800 °Con quartz substrate with acetylene as source of carbon. The as grown CNT can be drawn into yarn bypulling it through tweezer up to about 50cm. Sample were characterized by Raman spectroscopy,SEM and TGA.

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Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is widely used to study surface morphology of various samples of

carbon nano materials at higher magnification, higher resolution and higher depth of focus compared to

optical microscope.Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is widely used for characterization of various

types of carbon nano materials (CNM), carbon nano fibers (CNF), carbonnano beads (CNB) and carbon

nano tubes (CNT). Thecarbon nano-tubes (CNT) are concentric shells of graphite formed by one sheet of

conventional graphite rolled up into a cylindrical form. The carbon nano tubes (CNT) are of two types,

single walled carbon nano tubes (SWCNT) and multi walled carbon nano tubes (MWCNT). In single walled

carbon nano tubes there are only tubules and no graphitic layers around them. Diameter is up to 2

nanometer (nm) and length varies from 3 to 10 micrometer (µm). The multi walled carbon nano tubes are

stacks of graphene sheets rolled up into concentric cylindrical structures, their diameter is 10-50 nm and

Keywords : Carbon nano materials (CNM); Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques.

Abstract

Study of morphology of carbon nano materials by scanningelectron microscopy (SEM)

D.M. Sapkal

S.I.C.E.S. Degree college of Arts, Commerce & Science, Ambernath(west)

E-mail : - dmsapkal@yahoo.co.in

length can be up to or more than 10 micrometer (µm).

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Abstract

Corrosion resistance and mechanical properties reduced graphene oxidecomposite coating by electrophoretic deposition

1,2* 1,2 1,2S. Kumari , S.K. Singh ,S.K. Pradhan 1Advanced Materials Technology Department,

CSIR - Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar-751 013, Odisha, India.2Academy of Scientifc and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Council of Scientifc and Industrial Research,

Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi-110 001, India.

*Corresponding author: Mrs. Sandhaya Kumari,

E-mail: ku_sandhaya@yahoo.com, sandhaya@immt.res.in

Recently graphene has been globally explored for the development of new and advanced protective coating

due to their unique properties such as chemical inertness, impermeable to molecule even as small as helium,

large theoretical specific surface area, high value of Young's modulus, remarkable flexibility, exceptional

Herein, we report a facile electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique for the coating of RGO-PVPBM

composite on Cu substrate in aqueous media under ambient condition. A detailed characterization of the

coating was carried out using Raman spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM),

Raman analyses confirm the composite formation RGO and PVPVB and reduction of graphite oxide (GO)

to reduced graphene oxide (RGO). FESEM image shows very uniform coating of RGO throughout the

polymer matrix which completely cover the Cu substrate. The corrosion rate was determined by

potentiodynamic polarization measurement and corrosion stability was evaluated using electrochemical

impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in 3.5% NaCl which clearly indicates that the tailored RGO-PVPBM

composite is an excellent barrier coating to ion diffusion, oxidizing gas and corrosive electrolyte with

much-enhanced corrosion inhibition efficiency of 95.4%. In this addition, the micro-scratching has shown

an enhancement in the crack propagation resistance (CPR) of RGO-PVPBM composite coating up to

3.7 times and adhesive strength increased ~ 2 times compared to neat PVPBM coating thereby making it

thermal and chemical stability.

electrochemical corrosion test, and micro scratch adhesion test.

a potential damage tolerance surface coating on Cu substrate.

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Fuel cells are environmental friendly electrochemical devices that can convert chemical energy of the fuel directly

into electrical energy. Currently, Platinum is being used as a catalyst for fuel cells. On one hand, its inertness and

ability to enhance the fuel cell electrode reactions (i.e. hydrogen oxidation reaction at the anode and ORR at the

cathode) makes it an excellent catalyst but on the other hand, its high cost, poor stability, scarcity and high load

requirements at the cathode acts as a stumbling block in commercialization of these devices. To overcome these

challenges carbon black (Vulcan XC-72) is presently being utilized as support for Pt. But because of its amorphous

nature, it too undergoes electrochemical oxidation and agglomeration over prolonged operation.

Hence, CNTs are being researched as an effective catalyst support because of their crystallinty, high surface area,

excellent electrical conductivity electrochemical stability and an inherent hydrophobic nature.

Being a low temperature process with easy setup, CVD is considered to be one of the most convenient methods to

prepare CNTs. Another advantage of using CVD over other conventional techniques is that it allows a wide range

of precursors to be used over different temperatures for synthesis and also gives a good yield. Extensive amount of

research is being carried out to develop novel supports for catalysts to enhance their stability, durability and catalytic

activity. In this work, carbon nanotubes (CNT) and Nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes (N-CNTs) were synthesized

using chemical vapor deposition technique (CVD). The electrochemical activity and stability of the synthesized

materials was studied and compared with various other nano forms of carbon.

Abstract

Development and Studies of Carbon Nano-materials as Fuel Cell Catalyst Support

Shrawni Sas, Priyanka H. Maheshwari*, Amit, S. R. Dhakate

Advanced Carbon Products, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi-110012

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It is estimated that the world will need to double its energy supply by 2050. So there is heightened need forimproved electrical energy storage system, when the load on utility is low or moderate. The parameters ofelectrode material and electrolyte decides rating and performance of energy storing device.Ultracapacitorhas been investigated against variation in processing of the electrode material in this paper. To store bulkamount of electrical energy, it is very essential to develop energy storing devices of large capacity andlarge rating. The present energy storage devices and conventional techniques of manufacturing it, are not

Nanotechnology has opened new materials particularly carbon nanomaterial for efficient energy storage.The energy storage device's performance is enhanced by utilizing properties of carbon nanomaterial likeFullerenes, Carbon Nanotubes, nanofibre, nano diamond and graphene.Nano carbon materials such ascarbon nanotubes (CNT's) and graphene have many extraordinary properties. Butthe most of time,rawelectrode materials do not have a grain size suited to make electrode from it, so, it is required to

The capacitance of ultra capacitor depends on type of activated carbon, particle size, specific surface areaand quantity/weight of activated carbon to be deposited on electrode surface and type of ball milling methodadopted to crush electrode material. In present paper, three innovative ball milling units/machines aredeveloped to crush electrode material into fine powder. The ultra capacitor are manufactured from thiscrushed electrode material and charging discharging test are performed to study the performance of ultracapacitor. The comparison between ultra capacitors is carried out to decide upon the best ball milling

The performance of ultra capacitor depends on type of ball milling machine used to crush electrode material,speed of Ball Milling Machine, number of balls used, weight of balls, Ball milling time. The optimumvalues of these parameters are obtained to get the best overall performance of ultracapacitor.

Abstract

useful to store bulk amount of electrical energy.

crush raw electrode material into fine powder.

machine.

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Innovative Methods of Ball Milling to Process Electrode MaterialFor Enhancing Performance of Ultracapacitor

1 2 3L S Godse , vispi karkaria , P B Karandikar (Member of Indian Carbon Society)

1Research Scholar, PES's Modern College of Engineering, Pune-411 005( )lsgodse@gmail.com2CuserowWadia Institute of Technology, Pune

3Associate Professor, Army Institute of technology, Pune ( pbkarandikar@gmail.com)

Hybrids of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene were developed after filling and coating them withmetals and metal oxides. These materials were studied for thermal conductivity, gas sensing andinterconnectsfor their applications in sensors and electronic packaging. Bulk thermal conductivity ofcarbon nanotubes and graphene was increased 12 and 3 times after making hybrid withSnin comparisonto pristine carbon nanotubes and graphene. Graphene-SnO hybrid material senses small concentration of ammonia(>50 ppm) in just 15 seconds at room temperature with high repeatability, selectivity and sensitivity.Current-voltage (I-V) measurements shows the higher number of charge carriers in the hybrid nanotubesand graphene compared to pristine carbon nanotubes and graphene. Details of processes, properties andapplications of hybrid CNTs and graphene instrategic areas will be presented in the conference.

Abstract

Development of metal/metal oxide hybridscarbon nanotubesand grapheneand their applications in sensing andelectronic packaging

Jagjiwan Mittal and Robin Kumar

Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh,Noida Sector 125, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India

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Tin oxide-Carbon composite porous nanofibers exhibiting superior electrochemical performance as

lithiumion battery (LIB) anode have been prepared using electrospinning technique. Surface morphology

and structural characterizations of the composite material is carried out by techniques such as

XRD, FESEM, HR-TEM, XPS, TGA & Raman spectroscopy. FESEM and TEM studies reveal that

nanofibers have a uniform diameter of 150-180 nm and contain highly porous outer wall.

The carbon content is limited to ~10% in the nanofibers as shown by the TGA and EDAX.

These nano fibers delivered a higher discharge capacity of 720 mAh/g even after 100 cycles at high rate of

1C. The excellent electrochemical performance can be ascribed to the synergy effect of small amount of

carbon in the composite and the hierarchically porous structure which accommodate large volume changes

associated with Li-ion insertion-desertion. The porous nanoarchitecture would also provide a short diffusion+path for Li ions in addition to facilitating high flux of electrolyte percolation through micropores.

The electrochemical performance of composite material has also been tested at 60°C at a higher rate of

2C and 5C. Post cycling FESEM analysis shows no volumetric and morphology changes in porous

Abstract

Highly Porous Sno -Carbon Nanofibers as Anode Material in Lithium Ion Batteries2

1,2 1,2* 3 3Ashish Gupta , Sanjay R Dhakate P Gurunathan , K Ramesha

1Advanced Carbon Products, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg,New Delhi- 110012.

2Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NPL campus, New Delhi -110012.

3CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute- Chennai Unit, CSIR-Madras Complex,

Taramani, Chennai 600113.

nanofibers after completing rate capability at high rate of 10C.

Figure: SEM image of highly porous SnO carbon nanofibers at (a) 25KX (b) 100KX2

*Corresponding Author: Sanjay R Dhakate Email:dhakate@nplindia.org

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Carbon Fiber Alignment Effect on Mechanical and Thermal Properties ofCarbon Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites

1, 2 1,3 1, 2*Abhishek K. Pathak , Hema Garg , Sanjay R. Dhakate

1Advanced Carbon Products Section, Advanced Materials and Devices Division,

CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K.S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India2Academy of Scientific Innovation and Research (AcSIR), NPL, New Delhi, India

3Amity University, Noida, UP, India

Abstract

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites is an important class of material used in number of demanding applications nowadays.

The mechanical as well as thermal properties are significantly dependent on alignment of carbon fiber in the composites. In this

study, we have reported the influence of carbon fiber (CF) alignment on mechanical as well as thermal properties. We have

used three sets of CF alignment viz., Unidirectional (UD)- 0° CF, bi-directional (2D) -90° align CF fabric and UD+2D CF with

60 vol% of CF. The mechanical properties analysis was done by Universal Testing Machine and thermal properties were carried

It is observed that the UD-epoxy composite shown tremendous flexural strength and modulus as compared to other two

combinations. The flexural strength of 1009.1 MPa and modulusof 87400.3MPa has been observed in case of UD-CF

compositeswhile in case of 2D-CF this value of flexural and modulus lowered to 787.0 MPa and 50347.81MPa respectively.

From ILSS results, it is observed the 14.3% and 9.96% improvement in interlaminar shear strength in UD and UD + 2D

respectively as compared 2D composite. Also from the DMA results, the improvement in glass transition temperature (T ) hasg

been observed in the order from 2D-CF (128.0°C), UD+2D CF(126.6°C) and UD (125.2°C). TMA has shown the decrement

in Coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of UD-CF composites as compared to UD+2D CF and 2D CF composites was

calculated from TMA and proved the improvement of stiffness of CF composites moving from 2D-CF composites to UD-CF

composites. The improved mechanical and thermal properties of CF composites are because of CF functional groups alignment

out using Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer (DMA) and Thermomechanical Analyzer (TMA).

and void fraction of composites.

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Alumina-exfoliated graphite composite for fluoride removal

from drinking water

1,2 1 3 1Amit , Priyanka H. Maheshwari* , S.S. Tripathy , S. R. Dhakate

1Advanced carbon product, Advanced Materials and Devices Division,CSIR

National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India.2Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR),

CSIR-NPL Campus, New Delhi, India.3Environmental Sciences and Biomedical Metrology Division,

CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India

Abstract

Excessive fluoride concentration (>1.5 mg/L) is responsible for dental and skeletal fluorosis. Several fluorideremoval techniques are present for fluoride removal from drinking water. Our work focused on adsorptiontechnique for fluoride removal from drinking water. We are developing alumina–Exfoliated graphitecomposites by chemical wet methods for fluoride removal from drinking water. Composites characterizationswere carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and X- raydiffraction (XRD). The batch adsorption study of composites with respect to pH, initial fluoride concentrationand Adsorbent doses were conducted.

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