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Southern Company/MHI Ltd. 500 TPD CCS Demonstration
Nick Irvin, P.E. Program Manager, AES and CCUS
• Regional energy company - Wholly owned subsidiaries of Alabama, Georgia,
Gulf, Mississippi, and Southern Nuclear - Southern Power is the largest wholesale power
producer in the Southeast - Southern Company Services is an in-house service
provider with finance, accounting, fuel, EPC, and research capabilities
• Core service area - 120,000 square miles in four southeastern states; 4.4
million retail customers and 26,000 employees - More than 45 GW of electric generating capacity
(79 plants; 300 generating units) - One of the largest producers of electricity in the U.S.
and one of the largest users of coal
Southern Company (NYSE:SO)
Hydro - 2,201 MW Pumped Storage - 393 MW
Coal - 21,338 MW Combustion Turbine - 5,364 MW
Cogeneration - 602 MW
Oil/Gas - 661 MW
Total Capacity: 45,184 MW
Combined Cycle - 9,905 MW
2012 “Brick & Mortar” Resources
Nuclear - 4,715 MW
Renewable – 530 MW
Southern’s Fleet in Transition
Plant Barry 25MW CCS Demo – Project Overview
• Located just north of Mobile, Alabama at Alabama Power Plant Barry • Largest CO2 capture project on a coal-fired power plant in the world
• First CO2 pipeline permitted and constructed in the State of Alabama • First integration of a CO2 capture plant with pipeline transportation and injection for geologic storage
Barry CCS 25 MW Demo APC Plant Barry
Capture Project Sequestration Project
Plant Barry (APC)
Capture Plant (SCS)
Sequestration Plant
Pore Space
Alabama Power Company Denbury Resources Others
Flue Gas / Utilities Pipeline
•SO collaborating with MHI •Location: APC’s Plant Barry •Execution and contracting: SO
•Project: DOE’s SECARB Phase III •Prime contractors: SSEB and EPRI •CO2 : SO supplying
•Sequestration location: Denbury’s Citronelle Oil Field
CO2
CCS Demo: Project Structure
7
500-TPD Demonstration
CO2 absorption
Rege
nera
tion
Compression Solvent Managem
ent Gas C
ondi
tioni
ng
8
9
Design Basis and Experience
Parameter Design Value Average (2011 data)
CO2 Production [TPD] 500 449 (Max: 591)
Flue Gas Flow [Nm3/hr] 117,000 107,000 (Max: 127,000)
CO2 Concentration [vol.% (w)] 10.1 10.8
(Max:12.3)
Capture Rate [%] 90 82.3 (Max:95)
Steam Consumption [tonne-steam/tonne-CO2]
1.1 1.0 (Min:0.95)
10
Plant Performance - Flue gas CO2 concentration is dependent on boiler load - KM-CDR process can be adjusted to achieve the desired CO2 capture rate and production rate with varying boiler conditions
Base Case
High Energy
Efficiency Case
High Loading
Case
Flue Gas Condition
Flue Gas Flow Rate [Nm3/hr] 109,000 112,000 116,000
CO2 Concentration at the Quencher Inlet [vol.% (w)] 10.8 10.5 10.8
Operation Results
CO2 Capture Rate [TPD] 505 509 543 CO2 Removed Efficiency [%] 91 91 91 Steam Consumption [tonne-steam/tonne-CO2]
0.98 0.95 1.02
0100200300400500600
11
CO2 Pipeline Commissioning
0
500
1000
1500
2000
[RPM
]
0
500
1000
1500
2000
Pres
sure
[psi
(g)] Compressor outlet
Lower Compressor outlet
Com
pres
sor S
peed
[R
PM]
CO
2 Flo
w ra
te a
t C
O2 C
ompr
esso
r out
let
[MTP
D]
Time
Data represent 11-hour period
12
Time
CO
2 Con
cent
ratio
n
RichLean
Fig. Periodic Results of CO2 concentration trends in KS-1TM solvent Fig. Online Amine Analyzer
Online Amine Analyzer
• Proprietary on-line analyzer to monitor the process conditions and amine emissions • consists of an auto sampling unit and a high resolution analyzer with
computational control unit • Improvement of operability and controllability
• provides the operational status to allow immediate response to optimize operational parameters
Figure Simulation Results for Load-up Operation
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 50 100 150
CO2 F
low
Rat
e [%
]
70
80
90
100
CO2 Flow Rate
CO2 Removal Efficiency
CO2
Rem
oval
Effi
cien
cy[%
]
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 50 100 150
CO2 F
low
Rat
e [%
]
70
80
90
100
CO2 Flow Rate
CO2 Removal Efficiency
CO2
Rem
oval
Effi
cien
cy[%
]0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Flow
Rat
e [%
]
Rich Solution
Lean Solution
Flue Gas
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
St
eam
Flo
w [%
]0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Drum
Lev
el [%
]
Steam Flow
Condensate Drum Level
Condensate Flow
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Leve
l [%
]
Absorber
Regenerator
0 50 100 150 0 50 100 150 Time Time
Dynamic Simulation Model – simulated results • A dynamic simulation model is developed for efficient, robust and flexible operation following
boiler load changes • The parameter tuning was completed during actual operation
Actual load following data in 2 modes
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 5 10 15 20 25
CO
2R
emov
al E
ffici
ency
[%]
Gas
Loa
d [%
]
Time [min]
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35C
O2
Rem
oval
Effi
cien
cy [%
]
Gas
Loa
d [%
]
Time [min]
CO2 Production Scheme •Demand dictated by additional CO2 product requirement •Ramp of ~5%/minute •Very stable removal rate
CO2 compliance scheme •Demand dictated by additional boiler load (leads to more flue gas flow) •Ramp of ~5%/minute •Small dip in removal (5%), but recovery to 90% within 10 minutes
•Capture Rate •CO2 Flow •Flue Gas flow
© 2012 MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD. All Rights
Reserved. 15
Summary
• The 500 tpd demonstration plant successfully started up and achieved full load in June 2011 with ~140k tonnes captured
• CO2 storage began on August 20, 2012 with ~45k tonnes injected • Plant performance is very stable at full load condition with CO2
capture rate of 500 tpd at 90% CO2 removal and lower steam consumption than the conventional process
• Operation by Southern Company staff has been very successful • Collaboration between Southern Company and MHI has lead to
significant process improvements and enhanced operability
Southern Company Leading the Industry in CCS
National Carbon Capture Center
Wilsonville, Ala.
Underground reservoir injection
Mississippi Power Plant Daniel
Groundwater impacts test Mississippi Power Plant Daniel
CO2 EOR pilot injection Denbury Citronelle Field
Start –to-finish CCS - 25MW Alabama Power Plant Barry
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle
Mississippi Power Plant Ratcliffe
Coal seam injection Black Warrior Basin, Alabama
Geological suitability study Alabama Power Plant
Gorgas
Geologic sequestration scientific eval University of Alabama at
Birmingham
CO2 capture pilot Georgia Power Plant Yates
