Southern Asia-Pacific Division

Southern Asia-Pacific DivisionTERESA COSTELLOTeresa Costello born in the southwest United States has served as a missionary in the Pacific under the Far Eastern Division and southeast Asia under the Southern Asia-Pacific Division (SSD) for more than 15 years With bachelor of arts degrees in English and religion and a masterrsquos degree in curriculum and instruction she served in the SSD Communication department from 2012-2017 and is currently (2020) the Encyclopedia of Seventh-day Adventists editorial assistant for SSD With a background in education journalism communication and public speaking she is a storyteller who enjoys gathering life experiences from those she meets during her travels with her family

With a territory that ranges from the 1040 Window to ldquoone of the worldrsquos fastest growing economiesrdquo the Southern-Asia Pacific Division (SSD) is one of the 13 global divisions of the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists (GC) Home to 14 countries and five of the major non-Christian world religions it has a combined population of more than one billion

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Current Territory and StatisticsSSD includes the southeast and southern Asian countries of Bangladesh Brunei Darussalam Cambodia Indonesia Laos Malaysia Myanmar Pakistan the Philippines Singapore Sri Lanka Thailand Timor-Leste and Vietnam5

The Philippines and Timor-Leste both predominantly Catholic are the only two Christian nations in SSD Buddhism Islam and Hinduism are the dominant religions in the territory with Taoism or Chinese religions animism and localized folk religions represented as well In contrast to the majority of SSD countries with one or two dominant religions Singapore has the highest level of religious diversity out of 233 countries worldwide according to a 2014 Pew Research study

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Southern Asia-Pacific Division headquarters Photo courtesy of Southern-Asia Pacific Division archives

Twelve of SSDrsquos 14 countries lie within the 1040 Window Four of the 12 are among the 15 poorest countries in the world According to the World Bank Bangladesh is one of the five countries that collectively contain one-half of the 736 million people who globally live in extreme poverty

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The more than 15 million members within SSDrsquos borders make it the sixth largest division of the Seventh-day Adventist world church It has 7482 churches with a membership of 1523695 as of June 30 2018 The largest percentage of its members live in Indonesia and the Philippines In a region of 1038560000 people one in 695 are Seventh-day Adventists ranging from the almost 12 million members in the Philippines to a not-yet-established presence in Brunei

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SSD operates 11 regional administrative offices comprised of ldquothe Central Philippine East Indonesia North Philippine South Philippine Union Conferences the Pakistan Union Section the Bangladesh Myanmar Southeast Asia and West Indonesia Union Missions the Sri Lanka Mission of Seventh-day Adventists and the Timor-Leste Missionrdquo15

The North Philippine Union Conference headquartered in Pasay City Philippines organized in 1917 and reorganized in 1951 2009 2017 and 2018 consists of 378630 members in 1492 churches amid a population of 59427346 as of June 30 2018 The conference territory includes ldquoAbra Albay Apayao Aurora Bataan Batanes Batangas Benguet Bulacan Burias Cagayan Camarines Norte Camarines Sur Catanduanes Cavite Ifugao Ilocos Norte Ilocos Sur Isabela Kalinga La Union Laguna Marinduque Mountain Province Nueva Ecija Nueva Vizcaya Occidental Mindoro Oriental Mindoro Palawan Pampanga Pangasinan Quezon Quirino Rizal Sorsogon Tarlac and Zambales Provinces and the National Capital Region comprising the Central Luzon and South-Central Luzon Conferences and the Cavite Mountain Provinces Northeast Luzon Northern Luzon Palawan Adventist and Southern Luzon Missionsrdquo

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The Southeast Asia Union Mission (SAUM) headquartered in Singapore was organized in 1917 and reorganized in 1929 With 92890 members in 359 churches amid a population of 222583000 as of June 30 2018 it includes ldquoBrunei Darussalam Cambodia Lao Peoples Democratic Republic Malaysia Singapore Thailand and Vietnam comprising Singapore Conference the Cambodia Adventist Peninsular Malaysia Sabah Sarawak Thailand and Vietnam Missions and Laos Regionrdquo On November 5 2019 it transitioned into two new unions and an attached field

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The Bangladesh Union Mission headquartered in Dhaka Bangladesh organized in 1919 and later reorganized in 1938 and again in 1979 It has 31411 members in 123 churches amid a population of 166368000 as of June 30 2018 The union includes ldquothe East Bangladesh North Bangladesh South Bangladesh and West Bangladesh Missionsrdquo

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The Myanmar Union Mission headquartered in Yangon Myanmar formed in 1919 and reorganized in 1938 It consists of 32323 members in 235 churches amid a population of 53856000 as of June 30 2018 The mission includes ldquothe Ayeyarwady Central Myanmar South East Upper Myanmar and Yangon Adventist Missionsrdquo26

The West Indonesia Union Mission headquartered in South Jakarta Indonesia came into being in 1929 and reorganized in 1964 It consists of 106963 members in 855 churches amid a population of 237876715 The mission includes ldquoJava Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo) Lesser Sunda Islands Madura Sumatra and Timor comprising the East Java Jakarta and West Java Conferences the Central Java Central Sumatra East Kalimantan North Sumatra Nusa Tenggara and South Sumatra Missions and the West Kalimantan Regionrdquo

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The Sri Lanka Mission headquartered in Colombo Sri Lanka was organized in 1950 It has 3148 members in 37 churches amid a population of 21688000 and is the sole administrative unit in the country for the Adventist church

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3132

The South Philippine Union Conference headquartered in Cagayan de Oro City Philippines had its origin in 1951 and reorganized in 1964 It consists of 551941 members in 2069 churches amid a population of 26024764 as of June 30 2018 The union contains the ldquoMindanao and Sulu Archipelago comprising the North Central Mindanao and Western Mindanao Conferences and the Central Mindanao Adventist Davao Northeastern Mindanao Southern Mindanao and Zamboanga Peninsula Missionsrdquo

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The Central Philippine Union Conference headquartered in Cebu City Philippines was organized in 1964 and reorganized in 1996 It consists of 190868 members in 1280 churches amid a population of 21551890 as of June 30 2018 The union incorporates the ldquoVisayan Islands comprising the Central Visayan East Visayan Negros Occidental and West Visayan Conferences and the Negros Oriental-Siquijor Romblon Adventist and Samar Adventist Missionsrdquo

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The East Indonesia Union Conference headquartered in Manado North Sulawesi Indonesia was organized in 1964 and reorganized in 1998 Comprising 122029 members it has 913 churches amid a population of 27344285 It includes ldquoIrian Jaya Maluku Sangihe Talaud and Sulawesi comprising the Manado and North Maluku Minahasa and South Sulawesi Conferences the Bolaang Mongondow and Gorontalo Central Sulawesi Luwu Tana Toraja Maluku North Minahasa Bitung Northern Island Papua and West Papua Missionsrdquo

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The Timor-Leste Mission headquartered in Dili Timor-Leste began as a field in 2009 was renamed and reorganized as a mission in 2011 and renamed again in 2012 Consisting of 581 members with one church amid a population of 1236000 it represents the sole administrative unit in the country for the Adventist church42 43

The Pakistan Union Section headquartered in Lahore Pakistan was organized in 1949 and reorganized in 2012 A vote by the Annual Council at the General Conference headquarters on October 9 2011 transferred the field from the Trans-European Division to the Southern Asia-Pacific Division The Pakistan Union Section consists of 12911 members in 118 churches amid a population of 200604000 as of June 30 2018 It includes the Northern and Southern areas or Sections as they are designated by the Adventist church there of Pakistan

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As an overall administrative body SSD is located at Aguinaldo Highway San Miguel II Bypass Silang Cavite in the Philippines48

The SSDrsquos history involves four name changes numerous reorganizations the direct impact of several significant historical events andor eras and the inclusion of most Southeast Asian countries (accompanied by the removal of some other countries) as part of its territory

Early Beginnings (1888-1900)From its 1863 organization in North America the Seventh-day Adventist church officially spread beyond those borders to Europe in 1874 and later to Asia in 1902 In Asia the church owes much to those early missionaries who willingly faced the challenges of not only an unfamiliar region but one to which Christianity was largely unknown Equally notable are the local individuals whose courage in being the first believers and desiring to share the gospel they received provided credibility to Adventism and opened the way for foreign missionaries

Abram La Rue an Adventist layman from California considered Asiarsquos first Adventist missionary established a seamanrsquos mission in Hong Kong and a literature distribution ministry after his May 3 1888 arrival However the first official General Conference (GC) missionary to China Jacob Nelson Anderson and his family did not arrive until February 2 1902

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During the 14-year span between La Rue and Anderson other individuals shared the gospel as best they could William Grainger the first official Adventist missionary to east Asia in 1896 served a short three years in Japan until his death there The lengthy delay indicates the challenges that Adventist missionary work particularly in Asia where it had yet to take hold faced at the time

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In his book SDA Organizational Structure Barry Oliver notes that ldquoin the last five years of the nineteenth century there was the slackening of missionary activity by the denominationrdquo Allen Moon Foreign Mission Board president lamented at the 1899 GC Session that ldquohellipThere have been demands for opening the work in Chinahellip We have men who understand the language and are ready to go to China but we have not had the funds to begin the workrdquo

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The declining overseas mission activity did not result from a lessoning of the churchrsquos missionary zeal but rather because of organizational crises in the intimately connected areas of structure and finances The work had expanded beyond the available number of missionaries and resources while inadequate funding limited the number of deployed missionaries and the establishment of Adventist institutions

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New Mission Emphasis and Resulting Growth (1901-1908)The church reorganization at the 1901 GC Session had an immediate effect upon overseas missions After the April 2-23 GC Session the Foreign Mission Board met 11 times in slightly more than a monthrsquos time with the first four meetings taking place between April 24-28 The minutes record an intense period of decision-making as the church sent missionaries to both established and new fields such as China

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The mission program in Asia began to flourish A month after the Anderson familyrsquos arrival the first baptisms--the fruit of La Ruersquos labors--occurred in Hong Kong Ida Thompson Mrs Andersonrsquos sister established the first Adventist mission school there By 1903 the first missionaries to China were opening additional mission schools and the first Adventist church in the region as well as medical and publishing programs

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By 1907 the Adventist churchrsquos presence had expanded enough to divide the China Mission established in 1901 in Canton with Anderson as director into three missions with the headquarters in Shanghai China64 65

The Adventist church advanced beyond the China Mission through its education medical and publishing efforts In Japan Adventist churches the training school and medical work grew past its borders By 1904 its evangelists had organized four churches in Korea and were training the first of the future Korean Adventist workers by the next yearAs a result the Korean Mission launched in 1908

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Such progress brought a challenge that Adventists would soon need to address an increasing church presence in a region without a larger regional administrative network to guide that growth69

Asiatic Division (1909-1918)By the 1909 GC Session leaders heeded the missionariesrsquo continued calls for additional help and resources Thus the church established the Asiatic Division in 1909 as the third division of the world church after the General Conference in the United States and the European Division (originally named the European General Conference but currently known as the Inter-European Division ) Since the church first used the term ldquoDivisionrdquo in connection with

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the Asiatic Division at its birth some consider it to be the first division in Adventist history73

At its establishment the Asiatic Division comprised China India Japan Korea the Malay Peninsula the Philippine Islands and the Straits Settlements The Straits Settlements incorporated todayrsquos Singapore and parts of Malaysiaas well as the territory of Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Christmas Island near Australia Overall the new division had 21 churches and 601 members

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Previously the Philippines Island Mission and the Singapore Mission had been part of the Australasian Union Conference79

The GC named I H Evans then its treasurer as ldquoGeneral Superintendentrdquo a title now equivalent to president The 1910 Seventh-day Adventist Yearbook lists him as the vice-president for the Asiatic Division and the only officer at the time However it did have an advisory committee Shanghai China was the designated headquarters

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Adventism also spread into areas not previously considered when the Asiatic Division began The 1909 organization also added India Burma (todayrsquos Myanmar) and Ceylon (present-day Sri Lanka) as the India Union Mission But the inclusion was brief and concluded when the India Union Missionrsquos growth prompted its separation as an individual entity during its October 21-November 2 1910 biennial session in Lucknow India

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The Java Mission (part of todayrsquos Indonesia) Sumatra Mission (also part of todayrsquos Indonesia) and Singapore Mission were categorized as the ldquoEast Indies and Federated Malay Statesrdquo under the supervision of the Asiatic Division as of January 1 191285

On April 1 1912 the division produced its first official publication the Newsletter for the Asiatic Division to share news and encourage current missionaries in the field and others interested in Adventist activity there From its first issue it chronicled missionary challenges through reports of births illnesses accidents persecution and deaths interspersed among the increasing accounts of new believers and advances made into formerly unentered territory

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At the May 5-June 8 1913 GC Session China missionary F A Allum also referenced the regionrsquos daunting work faced on his 1906 arrival ldquoIn all this distance of over twelve hundred miles we had not met a single native Adventist believer hellip In all that field we did not have fifty baptized Sabbath-keepers I remember in Hunan we had but two Shortly after Dr Selmon baptized his first convert making threerdquo Seven years later though the same province held ldquo19 companies with a membership of 183rdquo

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In 1913 the church reorganized the Asiatic Division to comprise China Manchuria Thibet (modern-day Tibet) Mongolia Chinese Turkestan Japan Korea Malay Peninsula East Indies and Straits Settlements and the Philippine Islands89

I H Evans continued as president with CN Woodward added as secretary-treasurer The administrative team expanded with the inclusion of F H Devinney as vice president and one whose focus was the work in Japan

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By 1914 the Java Mission had grown and split into the East Java Mission and West Java Mission The British North Borneo Mission (present-day Sabah Malaysia) joined the division Singapore and the Malay Peninsula had become the Straits Settlement Other territories included the Celebes (todayrsquos Sulawesi Indonesia) New Guinea (present-day Papua Indonesia) and outlying Indonesian islands92

Within a year the division included the Manchurian Mission and West China Mission Meanwhile Singapore and the Malay Peninsula Sumatra Java Borneo Celebes and the lesser islands of the East Indies (Indonesia) were now known as the Federated Malay States Mission with the Straits Settlement Mission as a separate unit93

Interestingly the Australasian Union Conference (AUC) self-sustaining by 1913 became part of the Far Eastern Division in 1915 The India Union Mission added in the same year for its second time once again included its sub-fields of Burma and Ceylon (present-day Sri Lanka) The primary reasons according to leaders at the time were that the Australasian Unionrsquos workers and sustainability would be helpful to the Asiatic Division while the India Unionrsquos challenges were similar to the Asiatic Divisionrsquos and they could mutually benefit by working together

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In 1916 Eric B Hare arrived in Burma from the AUC to serve as the Karen Mission director and would later share his adventures through his popular mission stories

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Also arriving in 1916 was CC Crisler who had previously worked as Ellen Whitersquos personal secretary for 14 years from 1901 until her death Originally tasked to help with literature production he stayed on to record the divisionrsquos growth train literature evangelists and expand Adventism into new fields

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In 1917 the Japan Mission officially organized101

Eastern Asia Division (1918)As the unions and missions within the territory grew the work had once again outgrown its administrative structure GC leaders recognized the problem and the 1918 GC Session separated the India Union Mission and the Australasian Union Conference from the Asiatic Division Reorganized for a third time as the Eastern Asia Division

its territory consisted of ldquothe Japan-Chosen-Manchuria the Malaysian the North China the Philippine and the South China Union Conferences and the Peking Mission also Mongolia Tibet Chinese Turkestan Siam Annam with J E Fulton as president C C Crisler as secretary and HW Barrows as treasurerrdquo

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It had six schools in China and one each in Korea Japan the Philippine Islands and Singapore Additionally it had the Chosen Mission Press in Seoul Korea the Japanese Publishing House in Tokyo Malaysian Publishing House in Singapore Philippine Publishing House in Pasay and the Signs of the Times Publishing House in Shanghai China as well as one hospital the Shanghai Sanitarium in China

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Far Eastern Division (1919-1994)Less than a year after what later division leaders would term ldquosweeping general changesrdquo delegates at the March 1919 division meeting responded with a change of their own They adopted the name ldquoFar Eastern Divisionrdquo to better represent its diverse territory

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FED now had 161 churches with 6699 members 76 ordained ministers 172 licensed ministers 258 licensed missionaries 164 literature evangelists and 964 workers It comprised the ldquoCentral China Union Mission Chosen (Korea) Union Mission East China Union Mission Japan Union Mission Malaysian Union Mission [British Malaysia Dutch East Indies Siam] Manchurian Union Mission North China Union Mission Philippine Union Mission South China Union Mission and West China Union Missionrdquo Also it now had two additional schools in China for a division total of 12 schools five publishing houses and one hospital I H Evans became the new president with Crisler and Barrows continuing as secretary and treasurer respectively

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As the world church continued to focus on mission expansion Chinarsquos political unrest increased during the next decade Anti-imperialist groups who resented Western influences such as Western education and religion increasingly targeted foreign missionaries and missions in China They damaged or destroyed mission schools and churches while others had to temporarily close but later reopened Adventist missionaries and church members were among those killed

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Despite the challenges FED had a membership of 24641 almost quadrupling in 10 yearsrsquo time with China having the most established structure and membership Progress in China had outgrown the division

Chinarsquos Growth (1930)The GC Committee on plans thus noted on June 6 that ldquothe Far Eastern Division of the General Conference composed of all the nations of Eastern Asia speaking more than 325 dialects and languages with a population of 607000000 increasing from six to ten million annually and having a church membership of 24651 in fifty-two missions and ten union missions with a working force of 1969 can henceforth be better served by dividing the Far Eastern Division into two divisionsrdquo Leadership approved the recommendation to split the Far Eastern Division and create a China Division It would take effect January 1 1931

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With 156 churches 9451 members seven educational institutions three publishing houses and 11 medical institutions the newly formed China Division was indeed ready to proceed as a separate entity Dr Harry W Miller one of FEDrsquos two field secretaries became president FED secretary CC Crisler would now serve as secretary of the new division and C C Morris assumed the treasurerrsquos position

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FED would continue on with Frederick Griggs FEDrsquos other field secretary as president and FED auditor Eugene Woesner as secretary-treasurer They would oversee the work in Japan Chosen (Korea) Siam Philippines British Malaya and French Indo-China contained in the Japan Chosen Philippine and Malayan Union Missions120

As for institutions FED had three schools in the Philippine Islands and one each in Korea Japan and Singapore four publishing houses the Japanese Publishing House in Tokyo Malayan Signs Press in Singapore Philippine Publishing House in Pasay and Signs of the Times Publishing House in Seoul Korea and four medical institutions comprising the Manila Sanitarium and Hospital in the Philippines Penang Sanitarium in Penang Straits Settlements Soonan Hospital-Dispensary in Soonan Korea and Tokyo Sanitarium-Hospital in Japan121

A new era began and the Far Eastern Division looked to develop further areas of its territory None however could know at the time just how much the church would find itself tested by the rigors of political upheaval and the horrors of war with effects that still affect the Adventist Church in the region

World War II (the 1930s-1940s)With the China Division now operating out of FEDrsquos former headquarters at 25 Ningkuo Road Shanghai FED temporarily relocated to Manila Philippines while it sought a permanent location122

On April 24 1931 the FED Executive Committee chose Hong Kong for its headquarters because of its centrality economy and accessibility However the GC did not approve the recommendation The Committee then voted on May 10 1931 to request the temporary use of the Philippine Union Mission (PUM)rsquos five vacation cottages on Navy Road in Baguio as the location search continued

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The economic situation of 1929-39 known as the Great Depression had affected giving and by December 31 1931 the General Conference advised FED leaders to delay the permanent building project for a minimum of a year

128 The Committee then considered sites in Metro Manila but decided to remain in Baguio and continue using the vacation cottages for housing and office space In March 1932 FED leased a building near the cottages for

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official office space132

Eventually the economic situation changed and FED ultimately settled on Singapore for its new home After the GC Committee approved the recommendation FEDrsquos transfer from Baguio to Singapore began on October 19 1936

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On November 1 1936 FED staff moved into temporary headquarters at 106 Orchard Road Straits Settlements (Singapore) In January 1937 the FED Executive Committee along with GC representatives approved the location of 800 Thomson Road a nine-acre property ldquoin a very desirable location available at an attractive price and substantial savings to the missionrdquo Within the year FED began operating there

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On January 1 1938 the Netherlands East Indies (todayrsquos Indonesia) returned to the Far Eastern Division as a union mission with eight missions and more than 4000 members after nine years as part of the Central European Division

The reorganization facilitated at the October 1937 GC Autumn Council occurred since Germany could no longer financially support missionary activity due to its political situation Furthermore many in the FED had long desired such a decision

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The new headquarters was dedicated during the January 24-February 2 1938 FED Year-end Council The same meeting assigned the Japan Union Mission to nurture the first Adventists on the island of Guam while the committee recommended to the General Conference that Portuguese Timor (todayrsquos Timor-Leste) should come under the Netherlands East Indies Union

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In the two years after Japanrsquos 1937 invasion of China during the Second Sino-Japanese War Adventist missionaries in China began leaving the country By late 1938 a number of workers from the China Division and its institutions were on their way to Hong Kong either to stay there temporarily or journey on to farther destinations During mid-1941 FED assisted the China Division in temporarily relocating to Manila Philippines It would eventually move to Baguio for the duration of the war where FED had previously operated for a time

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In Japan conditions likewise deteriorated and by October 1941 Adventist missionaries had evacuated and church leadership shifted to national workers Thus the work continued with challengesndashsome extremendashwhile still making inroads in those areas of China not occupied by Japanese troops

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Meanwhile World War II affected other FED staff Germanyrsquos May 10 1940 invasion of Holland led to the Dutch governmentrsquos internment of nine Adventist mission leaders among others of German nationality in the Netherlands East Indies Only four missionary families remained in that field

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The Japanese Imperial Army simultaneously invaded FED countries on December 8 on the western side of the international dateline while attacking Pearl Harbor on the east154

The invaders targeted foreign missionaries of Allied nationalities Some missionaries still in the field such as those in Burma were able to flee Others such as the Philippine Union Mission missionaries 156 and Netherlands East Indies mission leaders became part of the more than 130000 civilians eventually interned by the Japanese military

in Burma China Hong Kong Indochina (Cambodia Laos and Vietnam) Japan Malaya Netherlands East Indies the Philippines Singapore and Thailand Most remained captive for the duration of the war or until their deaths

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Even Adventist missionaries not assigned to FED were interned in FED territory Such was the case of 16-year old Dan Mansell and his family who were on their way to serve in Mozambique Stranded during their Manila port of call on December 8 1941 they later wound up in an internment camp The AG Rogers family enroute to Palestine met a similar fate

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Interned Adventists witnessed andor experienced challenges to their beliefs physical andor psychological abuse torture from camp guards and starvation during the war Some died such as five German

missionaries in the Netherlands East Indies camps

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National church leaders were likewise killed or imprisoned and tortured such as 40 Korean church leaders One perished in prison from torture while three others died after their release from prison-related health issues

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A limited number of Adventist institutions did continue to operate or be used by Adventists because of governmental agreements with Japan such as the Bangkok Mission Clinic in Thailand The clinic administrators although closely watched by the Japanese military were able to inconspicuously support the mission share resources for internees and assist a local hospital serving Chinese forced to build the infamous Siam-Burma Railway also known as the Death Railway

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The Japanese commandeered other Adventist institutions such as Philippine Union College (now Adventist University of the Philippines) which became the Japanese military headquarters in July 1944 and the Penang Sanitarium in Malaya (todayrsquos Malaysia) which the Japanese expanded during their occupation While the invaders controlled the Sanitarium Penang Adventists focused on operating a city clinic set up nursesrsquo training to staff the clinic and later opened three other clinics one of them in Singapore

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Destruction was widespread and ranged from the partially destroyed Malayan Seminary and Malayan Signs Press as well as the bombed portion of the China Division housing in Baguio to damaged churches and individual homes Entities in the Philippines and Indonesia were particularly hard hit especially a number of schools and missions in the Philippines and almost all Manila-based institutions such as the Philippine Union Mission headquarters the Manila Sanitarium and Hospital the large Pasay English church and the Philippine Publishing House

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Yet even amid such sorrows countless stories emerged of Godrsquos miraculous working in FEDrsquos WWII history181

National workers and members not only maintained the existing work amid the dangers but even expanded it The kindness and courage of countless local leaders and unnamed church members are of particular note as they provided food to internees watched over church properties and nurtured new converts

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Post-War ActivityDuring 1943-1944 no official news came from FED fields although the Outlook in Exile an unofficial newsletter circulated among former FED workers hoping to hear news about friends colleagues and church members187

At the October 17-25 1944 Autumn Council leaders discussed resuming FEDrsquos work Because of wartime conditions the FED Committee had not met since February 17 1942 It resumed its meetings on November 8 1944 in Washington DC FED then began post-war operations based at the General Conference in early 1945until September 1945 when it moved to a temporary office nearby

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The Far Eastern Division Outlook the divisionrsquos official news outlet resumed publication with its April 1945 issueReports begin to trickle in regarding those who had remained in FED territory during the war Some of the liberated missionaries returned to the US to regain their health while others agreed to aid in the local recovery That would involve rebuilding structures re-staffing institutions replenishing church membership in some areas and nurturing those affected by the war

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During the November 13-20 1945 Autumn Council a proposal by the Australia Union Conference (AUC) organized as a division in 1922 to reorganize and rename its division received approval for voting at the June 5-16 1946 General Conference Session to be held in Washington DC The potential was high for some of FEDrsquos territory (Netherlands East Indies the Malay States British North Borneo Sarawak and the former Japanese Mandated Territories) to be transferred Singapore would thus no longer be a central location for FEDrsquos work so some suggested Hong Kong

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On December 26 1945 the first group of missionaries arrived in Manila to assist the workers there Originally it was to be only a temporary stop before sailing to Singapore to resume FEDrsquos in-country operations and rebuildingDue to the Autumn Council vote though FED staff remained in a Manila rental home that served as a temporary office and housing

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The 1946 GC Session approved the AUC proposal but its potential territory was to be determined after an assessment by its leaders and GC representatives and then voted at the following Autumn Council The Committee on Territorial Reorganization recommended that FEDrsquos headquarters remain in Singapore Ultimately no territorial changes came to FED

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By December 1946 the first worker family had returned to Singapore after a more than four-and-a-half-year closure of FEDrsquos headquarters It had substantial damage two homes needing repairs and one completely rebuilt209 210

Meanwhile the Far Eastern Island Mission (formerly the Japanese Mandated Islands ) began on Guam in 1948 and included the US Trust Territory of Guam and the islands of the then-designated Trust Territory of the Pacific (All of Micronesia except Guam the Caroline Islands northern Marianas Islands such as Saipan the Marshall Islands and the Palau Islands)

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Wars in Korea and Vietnam (the 1950s-1970s)Although the rest of the world began to recover in those post-war years it would be decades before conflicts ceased in FED

North Korean Communist forces invaded the Republic of Korea (South Korea) on June 25 1950 The seemingly minor border skirmish turned into a full-scale three-year war that would lead to the persecution of Adventist servicemen for non-combatancy with almost 100 receiving prison sentences After the evacuation of missionaries to Japan the remaining workers local leaders and church members organized relief work set up orphanages and continued to provide medical care through the Seoul Sanitarium and Hospital for the duration of the war

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Due to the political situation in China the China Division ceased in 1949 As a result church administration transferred its South China Island Union Mission containing Taiwan Hong Kong and Macau to FED in 1951215

Two years after the Korean War ended the Vietnam War a civil war between the Communist Viet Nimh of the north and the national forces of the south ignited and would last 20 years During that time Adventists in Vietnam steadfastly shared the gospel in practical ways They opened Saigon Adventist Hospital the churchrsquos first large-scale medical project in the country From the start it functioned at or beyond capacity Prison ministries flourished in the south and Adventist radio broadcasts eventually played on all national stations The literature evangelism program was the largest in the Indo-China Mission Although by 1975 South Vietnam had 16 schools and 22 churches all such progress halted as the war rapidly wound down in April 1975

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FED leaders had kept a close watch on the situation On April 18 the FED executive committee held an emergency meeting to organize the evacuation of Adventist missionaries medical personnel and national leaders in Saigon On

April 20 Southeast Asia Union president Ralph S Watts flew to Saigon to oversee the evacuation Together Watts other division and union leaders local leaders and hospital employees evacuated all missionaries medical personnel and 410 Adventist nationals deemed in danger if they remained

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After the fall of Saigon (now Ho Chi Minh City) on April 30 1975 the new government nationalized Adventist hospitals and schools and restricted religious practices Contact with the remaining local leaders and members ceased for approximately 13 years but in the interim they faithfully grew the church as Watts later depicted in photographs taken during his 1988 visit to Ho Chi Minh City

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Dictatorships and Civil Wars (the 1970s-1980s)Political situations in FED countries during the 1970s and 1980s included two authoritarian regimes and two civil wars

Ferdinand Marcos who had become the Philippinesrsquo president in late 1965 declared martial law on September 21 1972 Despite the political situation new initiatives such as college student-led evangelism temperance seminars

vacation bible schools and radio ministry resulted in significant membership growth during the ensuing 14 years225

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In April 1975 the Khmer Rouge took control of Phnom Penh the Cambodian capital and established a new government with military leader Pol Pot as prime minister The next four years resulted in an estimated 15 million deaths and decimated the technical and professional classes within the country Since the country had few local Adventist members and leaders it halted what inroads Adventists had made Instead the FED focused on Cambodian and other refugees in the camps in Thailand After the war Adventist members and new converts from the camps slowly began to return and rebuild The work officially resumed in 1992

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Meanwhile a civil war began in East Timor (the former Portuguese Timor and now known as Timor-Leste) on December 7 1975 when Indonesian forces invaded after an opposition Timorese group declared its independence Violence property damage famine disease and as many as 200000 deaths marked the next 20-plus years FED had barely begun church work in East Timor before the war By the warrsquos end approximately six members remained in the capital of Dili the majority having fled or perished As a result it was not until 1992 that Adventists could establish their first church there Even then it did not get inaugurated until 1993

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On July 23 1983 a 26-year civil war based on decades of ethnic tensions between Tamil militants and the Sinhalese or government groups began in Sri Lanka after anti-Tamil race riots The 1985 GC Session added the Sri Lanka Union of Churches along with the Bangladesh Union Mission and Burma Union Mission to FEDrsquos territory from the Southern Asia Division because of political and economic reasons effective January 1 1986 During the war FED focused on maintaining the established work in Sri Lanka By the end of the war an estimated 100000 people had perished tens of thousands of them civilians

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When the Burma Union Mission (todayrsquos Myanmar Union Mission) joined the FED family it brought with it governmental restrictions from the 1960s Between 1965 and 1966 Adventist medical and educational programs ceased The May 1966 nationalization of all schools and the forced departure of missionaries was the final blowLocal Adventists were among the citizens left in relative isolation for more 50 years until the political situation changed Unrest has continued in the country in some form to the present-day with the Rohingya refugee situation most recently attracting global attention

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242

243

In summary decades of political situations and conflicts created effects in FED that cannot be fully detailed due to regional sensitivities They include but are not limited to 1 Casualties and loss of life among members which in turn created new needs among memberships already challenged in terms of resources and security 2 Religious persecution of members and leaders church closures and in some cases destruction of churches in affected areas demanded both short and long-term options for maintaining existing congregations 3 Restrictions on public and one-to-one evangelism as well as corporate worship initially slowed andor halted overall growth in some affected areas

Such challenges could have extinguished the churchrsquos presence in parts of southeast Asia However local members and leaders found ways to carefully nurture churches Meanwhile FED focused on assisting workers administrative units and institutions in such situations so that they could in turn minister more effectively

Growth and New DirectionsThe church addressed the need to develop local leadership in the region when it established the Adventist Institute of Advanced Studies (AIIAS) currently located in Silang Cavite Philippines on May 5 1987 as an FED entity and the first Adventist graduate-level institution outside of North America 244

The need for additional assistance in established areas and to develop new work resulted in the 1000 Missionary Movement (1000MM) First proposed in 1991 by AIIAS and then becoming an SSD program four years later 1000 MM has sent more than 7000 missionaries to 42 countries where they planted more than 8000 churches and inspired more than 65000 baptisms245

FEDrsquos territory grew and encompassed a vast range of countries Simultaneously the work in the northern Pacific islands (Micronesia) expanded Additionally the term ldquoFar Eastrdquo was now antiquated and had colonialistic connotations Thus in 1994 the church renamed the Far Eastern Division as the Asia-Pacific Division (APD)246

Asia-Pacific Division (1995-1997)One of APDrsquos immediate needs was a new headquarters to replace the 60-year old FED building FED sold some of its land to a developer and began negotiations with him to construct a new headquarters The developer had office space available in his downtown high-rise so in July 1995 APD moved to 10-01 Suntec City Tower at 5 Temasek Boulevard so that building could begin

247

248

249

250

However there had been a recurring suggestion since the China Division ceased in 1949 for another division within Asia to resume the world churchrsquos involvement in China Now APD leaders wanted to know about the possibility of a territorial realignment before they finalized plans for a new headquarters

251

252

They considered the idea for two reasons the GCrsquos long-time interest in China and the need to plan accordingly if any territory was split off the current division A new headquarters would have to be outside of Singapore since the southern Asia countries could not financially meet Singaporersquos high office and housing costs without the northern Asia countriesrsquo contributions253

As a result of APDrsquos inquiry to GC leaders the GC Administrative Committee met on February 20 1996 and created a ldquoSurvey Committee on Territorial Realignmentrdquo 254

APD halted the 800 Thomson Road project and eventually the building that was to have been APD headquarters instead became the SAUM headquarters

255

256

The GC team surveyed APDrsquos union leaders from April 17 to May 6 and as a result of the feedback recommended the creation of two divisions in a May 9 report at the Asia-Pacific Division May 7-9 1996 mid-year meeting in Manado Indonesia It was approved257 258

By May 22 1996 the GC had also approved the recommendation set up an APD Transition Management Committee and approved the terms of reference for the property purchases and the assets distribution It also agreed to APDrsquos suggestion that AIIS and the Buddhist Study Center (todayrsquos Center of East Asian Religions and Traditions) become GC entities The two divisions would instead together operate the 1000MM259

The Northern Asia-Pacific Division (NSD) would administer the work in northern Asia Mainland China and Mongolia were General Conference territories at the time but would now become part of NSD 260

The Southern Asia-Pacific Division (SSD) would oversee the work in southeast Asia and the Pacific islands and would include the following Bangladesh Union Mission Central Philippine Union Conference East Indonesia Union Mission Guam-Micronesia Mission (attached) Myanmar Union Mission North Philippine Union Mission South Philippine Union Conference Southeast Asia Union Mission Seventh-day Adventist Church in Sri Lanka (attached) and West Indonesia Union Mission261

One unusual aspect of the divisionsrsquo naming involved the abbreviations For the Southern Asia-Pacific Division an abbreviation of SAPD wouldnrsquot meet the GCrsquos three-letter guidelines The Southern Asia Division in Hosur Tamil Nadu India had already taken the SAD abbreviation and the South Pacific Division in Wahroonga Australia the SPD one Thus SSD followed the precedent set by the Euro-Asia Division known as ESD262

Although they would operate separately effective January 1 1997 both divisions would continue to work out of APDrsquos temporary location until they could each move to their new headquarters

263

264

In June 1996 the APD Transition Management Committee team met with each divisionrsquos leaders and its union presidents to find new locations for their respective headquarters Roy Ryan an SSD associate treasurer who had recently overseen the AIIAS building project would do the same for SSD265

After considering available locations with established infrastructures within SSD the top choices were Jakarta Indonesia Manila Philippines and Bangkok Thailand The SSD finally chose the Philippines based on the following criteria ones very similar to the AIIAS project

266

267

Ability to function as a Christian organization unhindered by religious bias or persecution As a Christian nation Philippine laws were more favorable than those in countries dominated by a different faith community

Language English was more widely spoken in the Philippines which was crucial as it was the designated language for SSDrsquos operation

Centrality The bulk of members were in the Philippines and thus the division office would be central in that regard

StaffingResource People The Philippines had a larger pool of Adventist candidates for SSDrsquos English-speaking support staff

Greater travel efficiency Travel connections out of Manila were considered better than Jakarta or Bangkok at the time

Greater ease for movement of currencies in and out of the country

Greater ease in obtaining visas

By September 1996 leaders had considered more than 20 sites in the greater Manila area The APD Transition Management Committeersquos search narrowed to three locations nearby AIIAS as this would be helpful in finding support staff Also the nearby graduate students and faculty would be available as resource people for SSD268

The final selection came down to proximity price and a clear court-issued title as proof of ownership Although administrators did look at a few other sites along the San Aguinaldo Bypass the current location 45 miles south of Manila and approximately two kilometers from AIIAS was the one finally chosen The original purchase consisted of nine hectares with an adjoining 7000 square meter section added in 1997

269 270

271 272

Southern Asia-Pacific Division (1997-Present)Meanwhile SSD would remain in Singapore until the completion of the new headquarters in mid-1999 However the developer unexpectedly asked for an earlier move-out date SSD negotiated with him to construct four towers for SSD employees on the AIIAS campus and give its ownership to SSD as an incentive to vacate the rental space more than a year and a half earlier than previously agreed

273

274

275

Thus on November 17 1997 SSD employees and their families moved even though portions of the towers were in the final construction stage Three of the towers served for housing and the fourth as office space for various departments and administrative offices The treasury department occupied the first floor on the west side of the AIIS Library in what been the AIIAS chapel SSD employees constructed temporary desks and other items out of plywood

276

277

278

279

In early 1999 staff began moving into the SSD housing a few months before the completion of the SSD office building A shuttle transported them from SSD to the temporary offices at AIIAS280

Almost 18 months after SSDrsquos relocation the new headquarters were inaugurated on June 16 1999 GC President Jan Paulsen GC leaders former FED and APD presidents and NSD leaders along with Philippine government leaders local church members local community guests and choirs from Indonesia Korea and the Philippines attended

281

282

To honor the cultural diversity and history of SSD countries intentional symbolism appears throughout the headquartersrsquo campus

Call to actively share the gospel Two statues flank the SSD sign at the terrace in front of the building On the right a fisherman based on pioneer Filipino educator Emilio B Manalaysay pulls a net into a banka (Filipino homemade boat) To the left a farmer based on notable Filipino literature evangelist Leon Z Roda sows seeds beside a carabao (water buffalo) Together they represent Jesusrsquo parables in Matthew 419 and 131-23

283

284

Priority of prayer The entrance surrounding walls and items inside the prayer garden behind the office were carved in Indonesia and brought to SSD A copy of The Great Controversy was given to the non-Christian stone carver who read it and used it as the basis for his Balinese artwork of Jesusrsquos life and death as well as Ellen G Whitersquos first vision that covers one of the entrances

Respect for SSDrsquos history as the Far Eastern Division Clusters of large travelers palms stand to the left and right of the half-circle uphill drive in front of the headquarters They are similar to the ones that stood in the same proximity to the FED headquarters for decades Likewise the large staircase at the back of the SSD headquarters is identical to the grand staircase that led to the FED headquarters Finally the building has columns and arches that echo Singaporean architecture The architects intended such elements to give those transferring from Singapore a sense of home in their new headquarters

Witnessing opportunities Visitors may note eye-catching details such as the stained-glass panels depicting Jesusrsquo life the artwork portraying His second coming or the marble floors These function as witnessing opportunities during tours artwork explanations or when sharing the story of Godrsquos providence in providing the cost of the marble and installation at a price dramatically less than that of local tile

With so many firstsndasha new division a new location a new headquarters building and a new team of employees--one very notable first was the appointment of APDrsquos executive secretary Violeto F Bocala of the Philippines as the first SSD president and the first division president of southeast Asian ethnicity285 286 287

SSDrsquos initial challenges were the building project and creating a strong infrastructure locating support staff building an effective new team from both new and returning staff and conducting day-to-day operations while in a new but temporary location The reorganization with its addition of new countries added the challenge of meeting very 288

diverse needs especially in predominantly Buddhist or Muslim countries with the limited financial base of SSDrsquos mostly 1040 Window countries But SSD gained its footing as its staff implemented its new departmental programs and introduced Adventism to previously unentered areas

289

290

On March 17 2003 the SSD Executive Committee elected Alberto C Gulfan Jr former South Philippines Union president as the second SSD president effective upon Bocalarsquos June retirement 291

Known for his evangelism experience Gulfan emphasized personal in addition to corporate evangelism for all--from support staff to departmental leaders He encouraged SSD employees to get involved in a ministry outside of their work duties Gulfan himself was known to conduct five or six evangelistic series each year292 293

After the 2000 General Conference Session world church leaders encouraged all divisions to evaluate the accuracy of their church membership records As a result SSD did extensive membership audits between 2003 and 2005 While it initially lowered overall figures it provided a more accurate representation of its total membership and inspired more intentional evangelism and retention In 2009 and 2010 SSD led the world church in membership growth rates

294

295

On October 11 2011 the GC executive committee voted to reorganize SSD at the GC Annual Council with the transfer of the Guam-Micronesia Mission (former Far Eastern Island Mission) to the North America Division after its addition of the Pakistan Union Section to SSD from the Trans-European Division on October 9296

Other developments included the 2013 establishment of a Hope Channel station in the Philippines and one in Indonesia in 2014

297

298

While SSD implemented the world churchrsquos initiatives such as ldquoRevival and Reformationrdquo the 777 prayer program and ldquoMission to the Citiesrdquo it also adapted programs to meet local cultural needs and developed its own evangelism initiatives In addition to its established ministries SSD increased its focus on the marginalized among its more than 70 ethnic groups and also began more intentional urban evangelism in its large cities

299

300

Two initiatives spearheaded SSDrsquos urban evangelism One Year in Mission (OYIM) and Mission to the Cities OYIM a GC initiative empowered young adults to use the tools and skills of their generation to share the gospel Anthony Stanyer SSDrsquos first OYIM coordinator trained OYIM teams from each union mentored OYIM participants and developed innovative evangelism opportunities for them The first SSD OYIM team assisted in the months of pre-event preparation for Hope Manila 2014 the initial event for the GCrsquos Mission to the Cities program

301

302

In a region known for natural disasters such as 2013rsquos super typhoon Haiyan periodic earthquakes and seasonal flooding 2015-2016 brought a more personal impact with the loss of two division presidents within a span of four months Gulfan passed away on September 26 2015 after an almost year and a half battle with multiple myelomaPrior to this the July 2015 General Conference Session named former SSD Sabbath School and personal ministries director Leonardo Asoy as SSD president but he inexplicably passed away from myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) a rare bone marrow disease on January 12 2016

303

304

305

With a heavy emphasis on prayer and teamwork the rest of the administrative team departmental directors and staff shouldered additional responsibilities in the ensuing months but maintained the forward momentum put in place by the two deceased leaders306

On March 22 2016 the GC Executive Committee elected Saw Samuel SSDrsquos executive secretary as SSD president and the first Burmese division president During his term he focused on personal witnessing and unreached people with a special emphasis on Muslim ministry A significant high point during his term was when he baptized his own father who had been a steadfast Muslim

307

308

Recent SSD challenges have included natural disasters the Rohingya crisis terrorist acts in SSD countries and religious liberty issues andor increasing persecution in many of its regions

309 310

311

Yet growth continues as evidenced by the development of new missions and unions Continued membership growth in the Philippines and Indonesia resulted in three new missions established in 2018 Additionally the work in the Southeast Asia Union Mission had grown too large for one administrative unit On November 11 2019 the SSD Executive Committee approved the formation of the following unions and reassignment of a conference during the 2019 SSD Year-end meetings

312

313

The Southeastern Asia Union Mission with constituency from Cambodia Adventist Mission Laos Region Thailand Mission and Vietnam Mission with headquarters in Muak Lek Thailand

The Malaysia Union Mission with constituency from Peninsular Malaysia Mission Sabah Mission Sarawak Mission and Brunei with headquarters in Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

The Singapore Conference with headquarters in Singapore to be an attached field to the Southern Asia-Pacific Division

Mission and Strategic Plans of the Southern Asia-Pacific Division

The mission statement of the Southern Asia-Pacific Division is an affirmation of the General Conferencersquos mission statement SSD regards as its purpose to ldquoto call all people to become disciples of Jesus Christ to proclaim the everlasting gospel embraced by the three angelsrsquo messages (Revelation 146-12) and to prepare the world for Christrsquos soon returnrdquo in the following areas and ways

With its long history of mission SSD continues to rely on the service of mission-minded individuals In terms of its inter-division employees and Adventist Volunteer Service program SSD is among the top three divisions in sending and receiving missionaries314

Nurturing Discipleship and Retention (NDR)

In 2015 SSD was one of the two divisions noted for its intentionality in the nurturing discipleship and retention of members through its addition of a vice president responsible for those areas315 316

Since its formation this department has encouraged SSD employees to participate in a personal ministry andor least one evangelistic series each year The Integrative Evangelism Lifestyle program adapted from a small group model in the Inter-America Division and expanded is part of SSDrsquos unique nurturing of its members

317

318

While mission to cities has traditionally been part of Adventist mission SSD instead operates the outreach under the NDR department The Mission to the Cities initiative launched in SSD during Hope Manila 2014 resulted in more than 10000 baptisms in a six-month period in the Manila area and continues in other key SSD cities

319

320

Adventist Mission

The Adventist Mission department initiates and supports ldquodisciple-making movements and planting churches in unreached people groupsrdquo through the efforts of local Adventists trained as Global Pioneers in their home areas and through Urban Centers of Influence that meet local needs

321

322

From mid-2015 to the present SSD Adventist Mission oversees ldquo297 Global Mission church planting projectsrdquoAdditionally 17 Urban Centers of Influence have started 11 are pending or in development and others are slated for 2020 Potential projects include a ldquoChinese childrens tutoring centre a container-based restaurant a music school an English language school and a co-working spacerdquo

323

324

325

Chinese Ministries

Chinese Ministries began at the division level on September 21 2017 with the addition of Dr Samuel Wang as SSDrsquos first division Chinese evangelist326

Childrenrsquos And Family Ministries

Dr Linda Meilin-Koh became SSDrsquos first director for Family Womenrsquos and Childrenrsquos Ministries in 1996 and introduced division-wide conventions for those ministries She also led the first Bi-Division Family Ministries Convention for SSD and NSD in 2000 in Beijing China Her successors developed introduced andor supported new activities such as family camp meetings family retreats senior citizen meetings known as Freedom Years and menrsquos ministries

327

328

329

Between 2009 and 2015 Dr Miriam Andres introduced a childrenrsquos prayer convention adapted the Kids in Discipleship program for SSD collaborated with the SSD ministerial department on a relationship seminar for pastors and developed many other programs For her work she was named SSDrsquos first recipient of the Arthur and Maud Spalding Medallion by the world churchrsquos Family Ministries Department at the 2015 General Conference

330

331

Education

Education and health are two time-tested entrances into new territory within SSD countries In those countries that may misunderstand and perceive overt evangelism as a threat to established norms Adventist education is usually welcomed and often requested by local community leaders

Currently 7460 teachers dedicatedly serve in SSDrsquos 754 primary schools and 61 secondary schools The division has 16 colleges and universities with 1088 faculty operating in 11 SSD countries to educate a new generation of Southeast Asian Adventist leaders

332

333

Health

SSDrsquos health ministries department has a rich history of employing health awareness and information as a front-line introduction to Adventism through its Medical Missionary Volunteer Services health seminars and community health expos334

The SSD Healthcare department operates a total of 19 hospitals with 10 located in the Philippines four in Indonesia two in Thailand and one each in Malaysia Pakistan and Sri Lanka335

Literature Evangelism

SSD has a thriving literature evangelism program with almost 5000 full-time part-time and student literature evangelists In 2018 they distributed 228467 copies of literature336

Primarily active in the Philippines and Indonesia due to its rich Adventist history there SSD LEs continue to make inroads in the other SSD countries Presently an SSD literature evangelism presence exists in all but two SSD

countries While law forbids it in Brunei Timor-Leste has a literature evangelism program under development337 338

The division has five publishing houses with one each located in Bangladesh Indonesia Myanmar the Philippines and Sri Lanka They supply literature in approximately 15 languages339 340

Religious Liberty

As can be expected in a 1040 Window region division-wide levels of religious liberty fluctuate Indonesia the country with the largest Muslim population worldwide and the second highest number of Adventists in SSD is considered one of the most tolerant The spectrum ranges from Brunei with its staunchly maintained sharia law to Singapore an island nation with no official dominant religion and whose government has proclaimed it a secular country that accommodates religion

341

342 343

344

345

Overall ongoing religious liberty challenges continue such as religious persecution affecting Adventists and other Christian groups in the territory346

Womenrsquos Ministries

The SSD Womenrsquos Ministries department has a strong evangelistic focus with approximately five evangelistic series led yearly by the department director and encouraged division-wide Baptisms in the hundreds at such events are not uncommon at those staffed by women Current director Helen Gulfan instituted this and encourages evangelistic training for women so they can nurture other women more effectively with the gospel

347

348

Youth

Pathfinders and youth programs form the bulk of the SSD Youth department The division has 3212 Pathfinder clubs with 83427 members as well as 3749 Adventurer clubs with 64105 members as of December 31 2018349

The first SSD camporee took place October 18-24 2009 on the campus of the Adventist University of the Philippines in Puting Kahoy Silang Cavite Philippines A second division-wide camporee followed on July 12-16 2016 at the Indonesia University campgrounds in Bandung Indonesia The department will host its third camporee in 2020

With more than 345000 members and 7500 Adventist Youth Societies (AYS) throughout SSDrsquos local churchesthe AYS program continues to be an integral part of the divisionrsquos church programming Such youth-led groups offer peer socialization leader discipleship and a strong tie to local churches

350

Other youth programs include One Year in Mission (OYIM) the world churchrsquos Global Youth Day and Mission Adventures a uniquely SSD mission trip and travel adventure for young professionals OYIM offers training and teambuilding in each union in SSD OYIM Vietnam pioneered in the country by the lone female union OYIM representative became so successful it garnered local television coverage and governmental awards

351

352

353

Today and for the FutureSSD has an overall goal to live out its mission in all 14 countries within cultural and governmental constraints Administrators and staff at its headquarters have embraced this goal in several ways

As a good neighbor SSD regularly invites local government officials to its programs and collaborates with them in community health projects and other initiatives through the work of SSDrsquos community liaison person a position created more than 15 years ago354

The Alberto C Gulfan Jr multipurpose building was constructed with a community evangelism intent A staff member leads a community exercise class three times a week and provides community health programs throughout the year355

A community-focused Adventurer club and Pathfinder club meet regularly on the SSD campus Two SSD employees organized the Feed My Lambs Pathfinder club on March 11 2017 and it has grown to 35 An Adventurer club now with 20 members and staffed by SSD employees soon followed

356

357

Slated for completion in May 2020 a four-story office building adjacent to the SSD headquarters will house an SSD-staffed center of influence in addition to auxiliary departments such as the GC Auditing Service GC SunPlus and Adventist World Radio Center of Digital Evangelism Leaders believe it will provide SSD with even greater opportunities to make community connections

358

359

List of Executive Officers 360

Presidents

Asiatic Division I H Evans (1912-1913) R C Porter (1914-1917) J E Fulton (1918)

Far Eastern Division I H Evans (1919-1930) Frederick Griggs (1931-1936) V T Armstrong (1937-19411945-1954) W P Bradley (1942 actinginterim) F A Mote (1955-1958) C P Sorensen (1959-1966) Paul Eldridge (1967-1975) Winston T Clark (1976-1985) Ottis C Edwards (1986-1992) P D Chun (1993-1994)

Asia-Pacific Division P D Chun (1995-1996)

Southern Asia-Pacific Division Violeto F Bocala (1997-2003) Alberto C Gulfan Jr (2003-2015) Leonardo R Asoy (2015-2016) Samuel Saw (2016-)

Secretaries

Asiatic Division C N Woodward (1913-1915) J E Fulton (1916-1917) C C Crisler (1918)

Far Eastern Division C C Crisler (1919-1930) Eugene Woesner (1931-1936) C L Torrey (1937-1938) W P Bradley (1939-19421945-1946) C P Sorensen (1947-1958) A E Gibb (1959-1966) H W Bedwell (1967-1970) Winston T Clark (1971-1975) B E Jacobs (1976-1980) A C Segovia (1981) Ottis Edwards (1982-1985) Tong C Kim (1986-1991) P D Chun (1992) Violeto F Bocala (1993-1994)

Asia-Pacific Division Violeto F Bocala (1995-1996)

Southern Asia-Pacific Division Alex Rantung (1997-2000) G T Ng (2001-2006) Hendrick Sumendap (2007-2008) Joshua W Mok (2009-2010) Samuel Saw (2011-2016) Rudy Baloyo (2016-)

Treasurers

Asiatic Division C N Woodward (1913-1915) HW Barrows (1916-1918)

Far Eastern Division

H W Barrows (1919-1930) Eugene Woesner (1931-1936) C L Torrey (1937-1941) P L Williams (19421946-1954) W L Pascoe (1955- 1962) H D Johnson (1963-1970) G O Bruce (1971-1977) D F Gilbert (1978-1981) Romulus I Gainer (1982-1985) Ian E Grice (1986-1994)

Asia-Pacific Division Ian E Grice (1995) Steven G Rose (1996)

Southern Asia-Pacific Division Steven G Rose (1997-1998) Duane C Rollins (1999-2002) George O Egwakhe (2003-2005) Keith Heinrich (2006-2011) Sergie B Ferrer (2011-2015) Max W Langi (2015-)

SSD Address 85 Emilio Aguinaldo Hwy Silang 4118 Cavite Phillippines

NOTES

1Ping Zhou The History of Singapores Economic Development ThoughtCo July 10 2019 accessed August 30 2019

httpswwwthoughtcocomsingapores-economic-development-1434565

2ldquoAboutrdquo Southern Asia-Pacific Division accessed August 29 2019 httpadventistasiainformationabout

3Amber Pariona Religious Demographics of Southeast Asia WorldAtlas August 15 2018 accessed August 30 2019

httpswwwworldatlascomarticlesreligious-demographics-of-southeast-asian-nations-dependent-territorieshtml


5bidI

6Paola Mora ldquoSeventh Day Adventist presence in the 1040 windowrdquo Map Hub 2018 accessed September 11 2019

httpsmaphubnetPaolamoraSDA-10-40-Window

7ldquoTable Religious Diversity Index Scores by Countryrdquo Pew Research Center April 4 2014 accessed September 3 2019

httpswwwpewforumorg20140404religious-diversity-index-scores-by-country

8ldquoWhat is the 1040 Windowrdquo Joshua Project accessed September 3 2019 httpsjoshuaprojectnetresourcesarticles10_40_window

9ldquoThe poorest countries in the worldrdquo FocusEconomics November 19 2018 accessed September 9 2019 httpswwwfocus-economicscomblogthe-poorest-countries-in-the-world

10ldquo5 countriesrdquo The World Bank October 2 2019 accessed October 8 2019 httpswwwworldbankorgentopicpovertyoverview

11ldquoChurch Membership by World Divisions Table 4rdquo 2019 Annual Statistical Report General Conference Office of Archives Statistics and Research 2019 4 accessed September 16 2019 httpdocumentsadventistarchivesorgStatisticsASRASR2019pdf

12Seventh-day Adventist Online Yearbook ldquoSouthern Asia-Pacific Divisionrdquo accessed September 24 2019

httpswwwadventistyearbookorgentityEntityID=13370

13ldquoSouthern Asia-Pacific Divisionrdquo Seventh-day Adventist World Church accessed September 17 2019 httpswwwadventistorgenworld-churchsouthern-asia-pacific

14

Necy Tablisma ldquoSecretaryrsquos Statistical Report ndash Second Quarter 2019rdquo SSD Secretariat department September 13 2019



16Seventh-day Adventist Online Yearbook ldquoNorth Philippine Union Conferencerdquo accessed September 24 2019


17Ibid

18Ibid

19Seventh-day Adventist Online Yearbook ldquoSoutheast Asia Union Missionrdquo accessed September 24 2019


20Ibid

21Ibid

22Necy Tablisma email message to the author February 6 2020

23Seventh-day Adventist Online Yearbook ldquoBangladeshrdquo accessed September 24 2019 httpswwwadventistyearbookorgentityEntityID=13385

24Ibid

25Ibid

26Seventh-day Adventist Online Yearbook ldquoMyanmar Union Missionrdquo accessed September 24 2019


27Seventh-day Adventist Online Yearbook ldquoWest Indonesia Union Missionrdquo accessed September 25 2019


28Ibid

29Ibid

30Seventh-day Adventist Online Yearbook ldquoSri Lanka Mission of Seventh-day Adventistsrdquo accessed September 25 2019


31Ibid

32Ibid

33Seventh-day Adventist Online Yearbook ldquoSouth Philippine Union Conferencerdquo accessed September 25 2019


34Ibid

35Ibid

36Seventh-day Adventist Online Yearbook ldquoCentral Philippine Union Conferencerdquo accessed September 25 2019


37Ibid

38Ibid

39Seventh-day Adventist Online Yearbook ldquoEast Indonesia Union Conferencerdquo accessed September 25 2019


40Ibid

41Ibid

42Seventh-day Adventist Online Yearbook ldquoTimor-Leste Mission of Seventh-day Adventistsrdquo accessed September 25 2019


43

Ibid

44Seventh-day Adventist Online Yearbook ldquoPakistan Union Sectionrdquo accessed September 24 2019


45Miroslav Pujic ldquoChange in Churchrsquos Operations in the Middle Eastrdquo Trans-European Division News Network October 9 2011 accessed October 20 2019 httpstedadventistorgnews306-change-in-churchs-operations-in-the-middle-east



47Ibid



49ldquoA Tradition of Missionrdquo Adventist Mission accessed September 15 2019

httpsamadventistmissionorgmission-tradition

50Pyung Duk Chun ldquoLight Dawns in Eastern Asiardquo Adventist World November 2013 accessed September 13 2019

httpsarchivesadventistworldorg2013novemberlight-dawns-in-eastern-asiahtml



52Masao Yamagata ldquoJapanrdquo in Light Dawns Over Asia Adventismrsquos Story in the Far Eastern Division 1888-1988 ed GG Fernandez (Silang Cavite Republic of the Philippines Adventist International Institute of Advanced Studies (AIIAS) Publications 1990) 36

53David Trim ldquoSlow but Surerdquo Adventist World August 31 2018 accessed September 16 2019 httpswwwadventistworldorgslow-but-sure

54Gil G Fernandez editor Light Dawns over Asia Adventismrsquos Story in the Far Eastern Division 1888-1988 (Silang Cavite Republic of the Philippines Adventist International institute of Advanced Studies (AIIAS) Publications 1990) 14

55BD Oliver SDA organizational structure Past present and future (Berrien Springs MI Andrews University Press 1989) 155

httpdocumentsadventistarchivesorgBooksSDAOS1991pdf

56ldquoWe have nothelliprdquo General Conference Daily Bulletin February 24 1899 7317 accessed September 16 2019

httpsmegwwritingsorgesbook166023092343



58ldquoRecords of the Foreign Mission Board Vol 4rdquo Foreign Mission Board minutes April 24-May 27 1901 1-14 accessed September 23 2019

httpdocumentsadventistarchivesorgMinutesFMBMFMBM19010424pdf

59ldquo Records of the Foreign Mission Board Vol 4rdquo Foreign Mission Board minutes April 24-28 1901 1-5 accessed September 23 2019




61Handel Luke ldquoHong Kong-Macaordquo in Light Dawns Over Asia Adventismrsquos Story in the Far Eastern Division 1888-1988 ed GG Fernandez (Silang Cavite Republic of the Philippines Adventist International institute of Advanced Studies (AIIAS) Publications 1990) 14

62Samuel C S Young ldquoAdventist Hospitals in Chinardquo Chinese SDA History accessed October 19 2019

httpswwwchinesesdahistoryorgnew-

page


64Arthur W Spalding Origins and History of Seventh-day Adventists (Washington DC Review and Herald Publishing 1962) vol 3 101

65ldquo6 China Union Mission Organizedrdquo Seventh-day Adventist Encyclopedia (Washington DC Review and Herald Publishing Association 1976) 270

66Arthur W Spalding Origins and History of Seventh-day Adventists 4 (Washington DC Review and Herald Publishing 1962) vol 4 124

67Man Kyu Oh ldquoKoreardquo in Light Dawns Over Asia Adventismrsquos Story in the Far Eastern Division 1888-1988 ed GG Fernandez (Silang Cavite Republic of the Philippines Adventist International institute of Advanced Studies (AIIAS) Publications 1990) 68

68RC Porter ldquoPresidentrsquos Addressrdquo Asiatic Division Mission News July 1 1915 4 accessed September 23 2019

httpdocumentsadventistarchivesorgPeriodicalsADOADO19150701-V04-0607pdf

69Arthur W Spalding Origins and History of Seventh-day Adventists (Washington DC Review and Herald Publishing 1962) vol 4 123-124


71ldquoHistoryrdquo Inter-European Division accessed September 2 2019 httpseudadventistorgeninformationhistory

72ldquoConstitution and By-laws of the General Conference with Amendments Recommendedrdquo Article 5 Section 3 General Conference Bulletin May 28 1909 190 accessed September 22 2019 httpdocumentsadventistarchivesorgPeriodicalsGCSessionBulletinsGCB1909-13pdf

73DJB Trim ldquoSources on the History of the Seventh-day Adventist Church in the Far East and Southeast Asiardquo Association of Seventh-day Adventist Librarians 2012 accessed September 30 2019

httpswwwasdalorgwordpresswp-

contentuploadspresentations2012asdal20201220handoutpdf

74ldquoAsiatic Divisionrdquo Seventh-day Adventist Yearbook (Washington DC Review and Herald Publishing Association 1910) 133

75The Editors of the Encyclopaedia Britannica ldquoStraits Settlementrdquo Encyclopaedia Britannica June 21 2018 accessed October 20 2019 httpswwwbritannicacomplaceStraits-Settlements

76The Editors of the Encyclopaedia Britannica ldquoCocos Islandsrdquo Encyclopaedia Britannica February 19 2018 accessed October 20 2019

httpswwwbritannicacomplaceCocos-Islands

77The Editors of the Encyclopaedia Britannica ldquoChristmas Islandrdquo Encyclopaedia Britannica August 16 2018 accessed October 20 2019

httpswwwbritannicacomplaceChristmas-Island


79ldquoAustralasia Union Conferencerdquo Seventh-day Adventist Yearbook (Washington DC Review and Herald Publishing Association 1908) 5 96

80ldquoGeneral Conference Officersrdquo General Conference Office of Archives Statistics and Research accessed October 20 2019

httpswwwadventistarchivesorggcofficers


82Ibid

83ldquoIndia Union Missionrdquo Seventh-day Adventist Yearbook (Washington DC Review and Herald Publishing Association 1911) 135


85ldquoEast Indies and Federated Malay Statesrdquo Seventh-day Adventist Yearbook (Washington DC Review and Herald Publishing Association 1912) 145

86ldquoForewordrdquo Newsletter for the Asiatic Division April 1 1912 1 accessed October 1 2019

httpsadventistdigitallibraryorgadl-332218asiatic-

division-mission-news-april-1-1912

87FA Allum ldquoBible Study Hour ndash Experiences of the Gospelrsquos Power in Chinardquo General Conference Bulletin May 22 1913 899-10 accessed September 30 2019 httpdocumentsadventistarchivesorgPeriodicalsGCSessionBulletinsGCB1913-06pdf

88Ibid


90Ibid

91R C Porter ldquoPresidentrsquos Addressrdquo Asiatic Division Mission News July 1 1915 2 3 accessed September 23 2019





95ldquoAsiatic Divisionrdquo Seventh-day Adventist Yearbook (Washington DC Review and Herald Publishing Association 1915) 132 140

96

RC Porter ldquoPresidentrsquos Addressrdquo Asiatic Division Mission News July 1 1915 4 accessed September 23 2019 httpdocumentsadventistarchivesorgPeriodicalsADOADO19150701-V04-0607pdf

97Pe Yee ldquoBurmardquo in Light Dawns Over Asia Adventismrsquos Story in the Far Eastern Division 1888-1988 ed GG Fernandez (Silang Cavite Republic of the Philippines Adventist International institute of Advanced Studies (AIIAS) Publications 1990) 281

98DJB Trim ldquoThis Week in Adventist Historyrdquo March 8 2013 000030-000036 accessed October 25 2019

httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=reXzl55amQcampfbclid=IwAR1hlQONUPV8fEBHTedaEcY4_1pi-XJYX8V2ox0LrxahCY3fuTu4gJb-9gg

99Michael W Campbell ldquoPower Print and Martyrdom C C Crisler and the Development of Seventh-day Adventist Missions in China 1916-1936rdquo Adventism in China Conference Adventist International Institute of Advanced Studies October 31 2014 2 accessed September 22 2019

httpwwwadventisthistoryorgwp-contentuploads201411Campbell-Power-Print-and-Martyrdom-2014-10-31pdf

100M E Kern ldquoInto the Regions Beyondrdquo ARH November 9 1933 6 accessed October 28 2019 httpsadventistdigitallibraryorgadl-352839advent-review-and-sabbath-herald-november-9-1933solr_nav5Bid5D=77871368e429c98b3df4ampsolr_nav5Bpage5D=1ampsolr_nav5Boffset5D=12

101BJ Hoffman ldquoJapan Conferencerdquo Seventh-day Adventist Yearbook (Washington DC Review and Herald Publishing Association 1918) 245-246

102ldquoReport of the Nominating Committeerdquo General Conference Bulletin April 4 1918 68 accessed October 23 2019

httpdocumentsadventistarchivesorgPeriodicalsGCSessionBulletinsGCB1918-05pdf

103Ibid

104Ibid

105ldquoEastern Asia Divisionrdquo Seventh-day Adventist Yearbook (Washington DC Review and Herald Publishing Association 1919) 157

106Ibid

107Don A Roth ldquoFar Eastern Division Celebrates 50th anniversaryrdquo Far Eastern Division Outlook November 1969 4

108C C Crisler ldquoAdoption of Name for Far Eastern Fieldrdquo Supplemental News Sheet Asiatic Division Outlook March 1 1919 accessed October 25 2019 httpdocumentsadventistarchivesorgPeriodicalsADOADO19190301-V08-05pdf

109ldquo1919 Annual Statistical Report 57th Report of the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists ending December 31 1919rdquo 12 accessed September 21 2019

httpdocumentsadventistarchivesorgStatisticsASRASR1919pdf

110ldquoFar Eastern Divisionrdquo Seventh-day Adventist Yearbook (Washington DC Review and Herald Publishing Association 1920) 152



113Frederick Lee ldquoGood News from the Far Eastern Divisionrdquo ARH General Conference Report ndash No 3 June 2 1930 52 accessed October 3 2019 httpdocumentsadventistarchivesorgPeriodicalsGCSessionBulletinsGCB1930-03pdf

114Frederick Lee ldquoGood News from the Far Eastern Divisionrdquo General Conference Report ndash No 3 ARH June 2 1930 60-61 accessed October 3 2019 httpdocumentsadventistarchivesorgPeriodicalsGCSessionBulletinsGCB1930-03pdf

115ldquoReorganization of the Far Eastern Divisionrdquo General Conference Report ndash No 10 ARH June 10 1930 169 accessed October 4 2019 httpdocumentsadventistarchivesorgPeriodicals

GCSessionBulletinsGCB1930-10pdf

116ldquoReorganization of the Far Eastern Divisionrdquo General Conference Report ndash No 10 ARH June 10 1930 169-170 accessed October 4 2019 httpdocumentsadventistarchivesorg

PeriodicalsGCSessionBulletinsGCB1930-10pdf

117ldquoInstitutions in China Divisionrdquo Seventh-day Adventist Yearbook (Washington DC Review and Herald Publishing Association 1931) 178-179



120Ibid

121ldquoInstitutions in Far Eastern Divisionrdquo Seventh-day Adventist Yearbook (Washington DC Review and Herald Publishing Association 1931) 193-

194

122ldquoExcess Rentrdquo Far Eastern Division Committee minutes March 30 1931 66 Southern Asia-Pacific Division Archives

123ldquoDivision Headquartersrdquo Far Eastern Division Committee Minutes March 16 1931 23 Southern Asia-Pacific Division Archives

124ldquoMemorial to the General Conference Regarding Location of Division Headquartersrdquo Far Eastern Division Committee minutes March 18 1931 46-4 Southern Asia-Pacific Division Archives

125ldquoHousing of Division Personnel and Temporary Headquartersrdquo Far Eastern Division Committee minutes May 10 1931 72 Southern Asia-Pacific Division Archives

126Ibid

127Eugene Woesner ldquoHigh Points of the Winter Councilrdquo Far Eastern Division Outlook March 1 1932 3 accessed October 29 2019

httpsadventistdigitallibraryorgadl-343688far-eastern-division-outlook-march-1-1932

128ldquoThe Far Eastern Division Organization Headquarters Etcrdquo Far Eastern Division Committee minutes December 31 1931 116 Southern Asia-Pacific Division Archives

129ldquoBy special actionhelliprdquo Far Eastern Division Outlook March 1 1932 8 accessed October 17 2019

httpsadventistdigitallibraryorgadl-343688far-

eastern-division-outlook-march-1-1932

130ldquoHeadquarters Problemrdquo Far Eastern Division Committee minutes December 9 1932 215 Southern Asia-Pacific Division Archives

131ldquoMethod of Carrying On Temporarilyrdquo Far Eastern Division Committee minutes December 13 1932 230 Southern Asia-Pacific Division Archives




133ldquoRequest Authorization to Locate Division Headquarters at Singaporerdquo Far Eastern Division Committee minutes June 8 1936 654 Southern Asia-Pacific Division Archives

134ldquoTransfer of Division Headquarters to Singaporerdquo Far Eastern Division Committee minutes October 19 1936 660 Southern Asia-Pacific Division Archives

135ldquoDivision Headquartersrdquo Far Eastern Division Committee minutes January 27-February 5 1937 678 Southern Asia-Pacific Division Archives

136VT Armstrong ldquoPresidentrsquos Annual Report ndash 1937rdquo Far Eastern Division Council minutes January 23 1938 2 Southern Asia-Pacific Division Archives

137C L Torrey ldquoFar Eastern Division Headquartersrdquo The China Division Reporter November 1937 3 accessed October 29 2019

httpsadventistdigitallibraryorgadl-341159china-division-reporter-november-1-1937

138Pyung Duk Chun ldquoPresidentrsquos Reportrdquo 1996 Asia-Pacific Division Annual Council minutes November 24 1996 2 Southern Asia-Pacific Division Archives

139VT Armstrong ldquoPresidentrsquos Annual Reportndash1937rdquo Far Eastern Division Council minutes January 23 1938 2 Southern Asia-Pacific Division Archives

140ldquoPlan of Temporary Organization of the Central European Divisionrdquo General Conference Committee October 21 1937 505 General Conference Archives Accessed February 27 2020 httpdocumentsadventistarchivesorgMinutesGCCGCC1937-10pdf

141Rajoaman Nainggolan Indonesia Union College a Historical Study of a Seventh-day Adventist Institution (PhD diss Andrews University 1984) 67 accessed January 18 2020 httpsdigitalcommonsandrewseducgiviewcontentcgiarticle=1594ampcontext=dissertations

142Rajoaman Nainggolan Indonesia Union College a Historical Study of a Seventh-day Adventist Institution (PhD diss Andrews University 1984) 62-64 accessed January 18 2020 httpsdigitalcommonsandrewseducgiviewcontentcgiarticle=1594ampcontext=dissertations


144ldquoGuam Assignment Ofrdquo Far Eastern Division Committee minutes January 26 1938 781 Southern Asia-Pacific Division Archives

145ldquoThe Island of Timorrdquo Far Eastern Division Committee minutes January 26 1938 781 Southern Asia-Pacific Division Archives

146Hazel Wilcox with Ruth Wheeler Angels over Manila (Mountain View California Pacific Press Publishing Association 1980) 5

147Mary Hui-Tze Wong with Maylan Schurch Under the Shadow (Hagerstown MD Review and Herald Publishing Association 2007) 50

148

ldquoChina Division Headquartersrdquo Far Eastern Division Outlook June 1941 11

149Hazel Wilcox with Ruth Wheeler Angels over Manila (Mountain View California Pacific Press Publishing Association 1980) 5-7

150MM Zamora ldquoWar Years in Luzonrdquo Far Eastern Division Outlook July 1945 2

151V T Armstrong ldquoPresidentrsquos Reportrdquo Far Eastern Division Biennial Council Committee minutes January 3 1941 1113 Southern Asia-Pacific Division Archives

152ldquoAbout the camprdquo East Indies Camp Archives accessed November 11 2019

httpswwwindischekamparchievennlengeneral-

informationabout-de-camps


154ldquoCivilian Internment in China 1941-1945rdquo California State University Northridge Oviatt Library 2017 Special Collections amp Archives accessed November 11 2019 httpslibrarycsuneduSCAPeek-in-the-Stackscivilian-internment

155Eric B Hare Fullness of Joy (Boise ID Pacific Press Publishing Association 1985) 234-251

156Hazel Wilcox with Ruth Wheeler Angels over Manila (Mountain View California Pacific Press Publishing Association 1980) 53 54

157ldquoCounsel to Liberated Missionariesrdquo Far Eastern Division Committee minutes March 6 1945 1199 Southern Asia-Pacific Division Archives

158ldquoDeath of Workers in Netherlands East Indiesrdquo Far Eastern Division Committee minutes November 11 1945 1225 Southern Asia-Pacific Division Archives

159Felicia Yap ldquoPrisoners of War and Civilian Internees of the Japanese in British Asia The Similarities and Contrasts of Experiencerdquo Journal of Contemporary History April 2012 322 accessed November 11 2019 httpwwwjstororgstable23249189

160Van Waterford Prisoners of the Japanese in World War II (Jefferson NC McFarland and Company 1994) 145

161Donald E Mansell Under the Shadow of the Rising Sun (Nampa ID Pacific Press Publishing Association 2003) 11 12

162WP Bradley ldquoPhilippine Missionaries Saferdquo Far Eastern Division Outlook April 1945 2



165Donald E Mansell Under the Shadow of the Rising Sun (Nampa ID Pacific Press Publishing Association 2003) 78-79


167Carolyn Younger ldquoTwo men discover a shared WWII memoryrdquo Napa Valley Register April 14 2011 accessed February 28 2020

httpsnapavalleyregistercomcommunitystarlifestylestwo-men-discover-a-shared-wwii-memoryarticle_c35a264c-6631-11e0-a1a0-001cc4c002e0html

168Donald E Mansell Under the Shadow of the Rising Sun (Nampa ID Pacific Press Publishing Association 2003)67 204 216 217

169V T Armstrong ldquoMiraculous Deliverancerdquo Far Eastern Division Outlook April 1945 1


171W P Bradley ldquoPhilippine Missionaries Saferdquo Far Eastern Division Outlook April 1945 2

172ldquoKoreardquo Encyclopedia of Seventh-day Adventists (Washington DC Review and Herald Publishing Association 1976) 749

173Nai Pleng ldquoThe War Role of the Bangkok Mission Clinicrdquo Far Eastern Division Outlook November 1945 3

174Ibid

175Herman L Reyes Dr Man The Man (Philippines Adventist University of the Philippines Printing Press) 43

176Esther Yang Ling ldquoWar Years at Penang Clinicrdquo Far Eastern Division Outlook November 1945 2

177Ibid



180Ibid


182V T Armstrong ldquoThey Also Servedrdquo Far Eastern Division Outlook May 1947 1

183V T Armstrong ldquoThe Call to the Churchrdquo Far Eastern Division Outlook July 1945 1



186K O Tan ldquoDivine Providences in the Malayan Unionrdquo Far Eastern Division Outlook November 1945 2 Southern Asia-Pacific Division Archives

187ldquoOutlook in Exilerdquo Far Eastern Division Committee minutes November 8 1944 1197 Southern Asia-Pacific Division Archives

188ldquoAs the Doors Openrdquo Far Eastern Division Outlook October 1945 4

189Far Eastern Division Committee minutes February 17 1942 1195 Southern Asia-Pacific Division Archives

190Far Eastern Division Committee minutes November 8 1944 1195 1196 Southern Asia-Pacific Division Archives


192ldquoTwo rooms nearhelliprdquo Far Eastern Division Outlook September 1945 4

193ldquoThe OUTLOOK comeshelliprdquo Far Eastern Division Outlook April 1945 4


195V T Armstrong ldquoIn the Midst of Ruinrdquo Far Eastern Division Outlook February 1946 2


197ldquoAustralasian Divisionrdquo Seventh-day Adventist Yearbook (Washington DC Review and Herald Publishing Association 1949) 73

198ldquoRecommendations from the General Conference Officersrdquo General Conference Committee November 16 1945 2130 General Conference Archives accessed February 28 2020 httpdocumentsadventistarchivesorgMinutesGCCGCC1945-11-ACpdf

199ldquoMemorial from Australasian Union Conferencerdquo General Conference Committee November 16 1945 2130 General Conference Archives accessed February 28 2020 httpdocumentsadventistarchivesorgMinutesGCCGCC1945-11-ACpdf

200ldquoThe Autumn Councilhelliprdquo Far Eastern Division Outlook December 1945 4



203ldquoDivision Officers to Philippines ldquoFar Eastern Division Committee minutes October 10 1945 1222 Southern Asia-Pacific Division Archives

204ldquoHouse for Division Workers and Officerdquo Far Eastern Division Committee minutes January 29 1946 1233 Southern Asia-Pacific Division Archives

205ldquoReport of Committee on Territorial Reorganizationrdquo ARH June 9 1946 18 accessed February 27 2020

httpsadventistdigitallibraryorgadl-353514advent-review-and-sabbath-herald-june-9-1946solr_nav5Bid5D=0da4bb305b27fc4e500bampsolr_nav5Bpage5D=0ampsolr_nav5Boffset5D=12

206Ibid

207ldquoReview of 1949 ndash Australiardquo Seventh-day Adventist Yearbook (Washington DC Review and Herald Publishing Association 1950) 4

208ldquoAustralasian Division Seventh-day Adventist Yearbook (Washington DC Review and Herald Publishing Association 1949) 73

209VT Armstrong ldquoAdvances in the Far Eastern Divisionrdquo Far Eastern Division Outlook December 1946 2

210Ibid

211WB Harris ldquoThe South Sea Islands Under Japanese Mandaterdquo Foreign Affairs July 1932 4 accessed October

httpswwwforeignaffairscomarticlesjapan1932-07-01south-sea-islands-under-japanese-mandate

212Seventh-day Adventist Online Yearbook ldquoFar Eastern Islands Missionrdquo 124 accessed November 13 2019

httpdocumentsadventistarchivesorgYearbooksYB1949pdf

213Pe Yee ldquoBurmardquo in Light Dawns Over Asia Adventismrsquos Story in the Far Eastern Division 1888-1988 ed GG Fernandez (Silang Cavite Republic of the Philippines Adventist International Institute of Advanced Studies (AIIAS) Publications 1990) 80 81

214Pe Yee ldquoBurmardquo in Light Dawns Over Asia Adventismrsquos Story in the Far Eastern Division 1888-1988 ed GG Fernandez (Silang Cavite Republic of the Philippines Adventist International Institute of Advanced Studies (AIIAS) Publications 1990) 79


216Huu Le ldquoIndo-Chinardquo in Light Dawns Over Asia Adventismrsquos Story in the Far Eastern Division 1888-1988 ed GG Fernandez (Silang Cavite Republic of the Philippines Adventist International Institute of Advanced Studies (AIIAS) Publications 1990) 265

217Ibid



220Ralph S Watts Escape from Saigon (Nampa ID Pacific Press Publishing Association 2005) 23 53

221Ibid 103 104 106


223Ralph S Watts Escape from Saigon (Nampa ID Pacific Press Publishing Association 2005) photograph section page 10

224Ralph S Watts Escape from Saigon (Nampa ID Pacific Press Publishing Association 2005) 110

225MG Townend ldquoJune 27 FEDrsquos Big Day Village Chapelsrdquo Far Eastern Division Outlook March 1981 2 Southern Asia-Pacific Division Archives

226JH Adil ldquoTemperance Emphasisrdquo Far Eastern Division Outlook February 1981 4

227Esther B Frias ldquoRecognition of Meritrdquo Far Eastern Division Outlook April 1981 11

228110th Annual Statistical Report of Seventh-day Adventists 1972 General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists December 31 1972 12 accessed September 21 2019 httpdocumentsadventistarchivesorgStatisticsASRASR1972pdf

229ldquo124th Annual Statistical Report 1986 General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists December 31 1986rdquo 10 accessed September 21 2019


230Ibid

231Nathan Brown ldquoSeventh-day Adventists in Cambodia ARH March 14 2002 accessed February 27 2020

httpswwwadventistrevieworgarchives2002-1511story2-1html

232Ibid

233The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica ldquoEast Timorrdquo Encyclopaeligdia Britannica September 20 2019 accessed November 14 2019 httpswwwbritannicacomplaceEast-Timor

234B Malingkas ldquoEast Timor Enteredrdquo Far Eastern Division Outlook December 1990 14 Southern Asia-Pacific Division Archives

235Inaciu da Kosta interview by author Dili Timor August 7 2019

236Gay Deles ldquoAlojado is the New Treasurer for Timor Leste Missionrdquo Adventist News Dispatch Southern Asia-Pacific Division accessed November 14 2019 httpadventistasianewsalojado-is-new-treasurer-for-timor-leste-mission

237Saeed Ahmed ldquoThe Tamil Tigersrsquo Long Fight Explainedrdquo Cable News Network May 18 2009 accessed November 15 2019 httpseditioncnncom2009WORLDasiapcf0518srilankaconflictexplainerindexhtml

238ldquo190-85 Gc Southern Asia DivisionFar Eastern DivisionmdashReorganizationrdquo General Conference Committee June 27 1985 1008 Accessed February 13 2020 httpdocumentsadventistarchivesorgMinutesGCCGCC1985-13pdf

239Kallie Szczepanski ldquoThe Sri Lankan Civil Warrdquo ThoughtCo August 22 2019 accessed November 15 2019 httpswwwthoughtcocomthe-sri-lankan-civil-war-195086

240ldquoBurma Union Missionrdquo Seventh-day Adventist Yearbook (Hagerstown MD Review and Herald Publishing 1987) 109

241DI Steingberg MH Aung and MA Aung-Thwin ldquoMyanmarrdquo Encyclopaeligdia Britannica November 1 2019 accessed January 8 2020 httpswwwbritannicacomplaceMyanmar


243ldquoInside Myanmarrsquos Transition from Isolation to Opennessrdquo PBS Newshour April 14 2014 accessed February 28 2020

httpswwwpbsorgnewshourshowinside-myanmars-transition-isolation-openness

244ldquoAbout AIIASrdquo Adventist International Institute of Advanced Studies accessed October 15 2019 httpswwwaiiaseduenabout-aiias

245Southern Asia-Pacific Division News amp Adventist Review ldquoYouth Mission Initiative in Asia Celebrates 25 Yearsrdquo Adventist Review September 18 2017 accessed January 10 2020

httpswwwadventistrevieworgchurch-newsstory5461-youth-mission-initiative-in-asia-celebrates-twenty-five-

years-01

246Stephen and Peggy Guptill interview by author Silang Philippines October 7 2019

247Ibid

248Ibid

249Ibid


251ldquoBackground of Transition from Asia-Pacific Division to Northern Asia-Pacific Division and Southern Asia-Pacific Divisionrdquo Asia-Pacific Division Mid-Year Meeting Committee Minutes May 7-9 1996 1 Southern Asia-Pacific Division Archives


253Roy Ryan phone interview by author October 28 2019


255ldquo96-019-800Thomson Road Property DevelopmentndashAsia-Pacific Divisionrdquo APD Committee minutes February 28 1996 29 Southern Asia-Pacific Division Archives


257ldquoBackground of Transition from Asia-Pacific Division to Northern Asia-Pacific Division and Southern Asia-Pacific Divisionrdquo Asia-Pacific Division Mid-Year Meeting Committee Minutes May 7-9 1996 1 2 Southern Asia-Pacific Division Archives

258ldquo96-070-Territorial Realignment Commission Reportrdquo Asia-Pacific Division Midyear Committee minutes May 9 1996 46 Southern Asia-Pacific Division Archives


260Pyung Duk Chun ldquoChallenges and Opportunitiesrdquo NSD Report GC Bulletin 3 July 2 2000 accessed September 3 2019

httpswwwadventistrevieworgarchives2000-bulletin38-report-nsdhtml

261ldquo96-136-Asia-Pacific Division Territory Names of Two New Divisionsrdquo Asia-Pacific Division Annual Council minutes November 26 1996 86 Southern Asia-Pacific Division Archives

262ldquoBackground of Transition from Asia-Pacific Division to Northern Asia-Pacific Division and Southern Asia-Pacific Divisionrdquo Asia-Pacific Division Mid-Year Meeting Committee minutes May 7-9 1996 4 Southern Asia-Pacific Division Archives

263

Ibid


265Ibid

266Ibid

267Ibid

268Ibid



271Violeto F Bocala ldquoI Rememberrdquo Southern Asia-Pacific Division Outlook Special Edition 1999 3

272ldquo97-013-Land Purchaserdquo SSD Executive Committee minutes January 10 1997 19 Southern Asia-Pacific Division Archives


274Ibid

275Ibid






281Anne Bissell ldquoOpening of the New SSD Headquartersrdquo Southern Asia-Pacific Division Outlook Special Edition 1999 5

282Ibid

283Ibid

284Ibid

285ldquo96-044-Nominating Committee Report ndash Recommendation to GCrdquo 1996 SSD Annual Council November 24 1996 52 Southern-Asia-Pacific Division Archives

286ldquoNominating Committee Report 3rdquo General Conference Bulletin ARH July 3 2000 accessed January 16 2020

httpswwwadventistrevieworgarchives2000-bulletin7actions-proceedingshtml

287Violeto F Bocala interview by author Silang Cavite Philippines November 12 2019

288Ibid

289Ibid

290Violeto F Bocala ldquoSouthern Asia-Pacific Division Report United in Proclamationrdquo General Conference Bulletin ARH July 4 2000 accessed November 18 2019 httpswwwadventistrevieworgarchives2000-bulletin55-report-ssdhtml

291ldquoAction 2003-017-Alberto C Gulfan Jr-SSD Presidentrdquo SSD Executive Committee minutes March 17 2003 33 Southern-Asia Pacific Division Archives

292Elizabeth Lechleitner ldquo32CN Focus on Revival-driven Outreach Opens Business of Annual Councilrdquo Adventist Review October 11 2010 accessed November 17 2019 httpswwwadventistrevieworgarchive-3818

293Andrew McChesney ldquoAlberto C Gulfan Jr Former Division President Remembered as a Passionate Evangelistrdquo Adventist Review Online

September 27 2015 accessed September 12 2017 wwwadventistrevieworgchurch-newsstory3278-alberto-c-gulfan-jr-passionate-evangelist-and-former-division-president-dead-at-64

294 Bert Haloviak ldquoThe Adventist Mission A 50-year Perspectiverdquo ARH June 27 2010 accessed January 15 2020 httpswwwadventistrevieworg2010-1521-22

295Ibid

296Ansel Oliver ldquoGuam-Micronesia Mission now part of North American Divisionrdquo ARH October 11 2011 accessed January 21 2020 from httpsnewsadventistorgenall-newsnewsgo2011-10-11guam-micronesia-mission-now-part-of-north-american-division

297ldquoTen years on Adventist Churchrsquos Hope Channel claims global victoriesrdquo ARH October 14 2013 accessed January 21 2020

httpswwwadventistrevieworgannual-council-20132013-10-14-ten-years-on-adventist-churchE28099s-hope-channel-claims-global-victories

298Alberto C Gulfan Jr ldquoShine on till Jesus Comesrdquo 2015 General Conference Bulletin 6 ARH accessed January 17 2019

httpswwwadventistrevieworg1519-32

299Southern Asia-Pacific Division ldquoAlberto C Gulfan Jr long-time Adventist leader in Southeast Asia passes awayrdquo Adventist News Network September 28 2015 accessed January 17 2020 httpsnewsadventistorgenall-newsnewsgo2015-09-28alberto-c-gulfan-jr-long-time-adventist-leader-in-southeast-asia-passes-away



301Gay Deles ldquoYouth in the Southern Asia-Pacific region dedicate One Year in Mission and compassion ministryrdquo Adventist News Dispatch September 15 2014 accessed January 20 2020

httpadventistasianewsyouth-in-the-southern-asia-pacific-region-dedicate-one-year-in-

mission-and-compassion-ministry

302Andrew McChesney ldquoAfter Manila Wilson reflects on sharing Jesus in citiesrdquo ARH June 4 2014 accessed October 15 2019

httpswwwadventistrevieworgchurch-newsafter-manila-wilson-reflects-on-effort-to-share-jesus-in-cities

303ldquoIn Philippines Outpouring of Prayer and Support in Wake of Devastating Typhoonrdquo ARH November 11 2013 accessed December 6 2019

httpswwwadventistrevieworgchurch-news2013-11-11-in-philippines-outpouring-of-prayer-and-support-in-wake-of-devastating-typhoon

304Andrew McChesney ldquoAlberto C Gulfan Jr Former Division President Remembered as a Passionate Evangelistrdquo ARH September 27 2015 accessed January 17 2020

httpswwwadventistrevieworgchurch-newsstory3278-alberto-c-gulfan-jr-passionate-evangelist-and-former-

division-president-dead-at-64

305Andrew McChesney ldquoSouthern Asia-Pacific Division president succumbs to rare diseaserdquo ARH January 12 2016 accessed January 17 2020

httpswwwadventistrevieworgchurch-newsstory3606-southern-asia-pacific-division-president-succumbs-to-rare-disease

306ldquoMessage from the Southern Asia-Pacific Division familyrdquo Adventist News Dispatch nd accessed January 21 2020

httpadventistasianewsmessage-from-the-southern-asia-pacific-division-family

307Andrew McChesney ldquoSaw Samuel elected president of Southern Asia-Pacific Divisionrdquo ARH March 22 2016 accessed January 22 2020

httpswwwadventistrevieworgchurch-newsstory3810-samuel-saw-elected-president-of-southern-asia-pacific-division

308Andrew McChesney ldquoDivision president baptizes own fatherrdquo Adventist Mission accessed December 10 2019

httpswwwadventistmissionorgdivision-president-baptizes-own-father

309ldquoStatement Regarding Suspected Terrorist Attack on Adventist Church in Pakistanrdquo ARH April 17 2018 accessed January 15 2020 httpswwwadventistrevieworgchurch-newsstory6039-statement-regarding-suspected-terrorist-attack-on-adventist-church-in-pakistan

310Teresa Costello ldquoAdventist Leader Misses Bomb Blast by Minutesrdquo ARH accessed January 15 2020

httpswwwadventistrevieworgchurch-

newsstory13603-adventist-leader-in-sri-lanka-misses-bomb-blast-by-minutes

311Bettina Krause ldquoGunmen Threaten Lawyers of Jailed Adventist in Pakistanrdquo ARH February 5 2016 accessed January 15 2020

httpswwwadventistrevieworgchurch-newsstory3678-gunmen-threaten-lawyers-of-jailed-adventist-in-pakistan

312ldquoSoutheast Asia Union Missionrdquo Seventh-day Adventist Yearbook Online accessed January 29 2020



314GT Ng ldquo2018 Secretaryrsquos Reportrdquo October 14 2018 slide 45-46 accessed January 15 2020

httpsexecutivecommitteeadventistorgwp-

contentuploads2018102018-Secretarys-Reportpdf

315ldquoAction 2016-062 ndash Nominating Committee Report ndash SSD Vice-Presidentrdquo SSD Executive Committee minutes May 4 2016 50 Southern Asia-Pacific Division Archives

316

Andrew McChesney ldquoEvery Adventist urged to help stem membership lossesrdquo ARH October 10 2016 accessed February 6 2020 httpsnewsadventistorgenall-newsnewsgo2016-10-10every-adventist-urged-to-help-stem-membership-losses

317Teresa Costello personal knowledge from working in the Southern Asia-Pacific Division from 2008-present



319Adventist News Network staff ldquoMission to urban areas continues with major outreach in Manilardquo ARH May 22 2014 accessed October 15 2019 httpsnewsadventistorgenall-newsnewsgo2014-05-22mission-to-urban-areas-continues-with-major-outreach-in-manila



321Wesley Szamko email message to author October 15 2019

322ldquoAboutrdquo Global Mission Urban Centers of Influence accessed February 25 2020 httpsurbancentersorgabout


324Ibid

325Ibid

326ldquoADCOM2017-560 ndash ISE Transfer Within the Division ndash Samuel Wangrdquo Southern Asia-Pacific Division Administrative Committee minutes September 21 2017 174 Southern Asia-Pacific Division Archives

327Miriam Andres email message to the author January 31 2020

328Ibid

329Ibid

330Ibid

331ldquoAndres receives prestigious Family Ministries awardrdquo Southern Asia-Pacific Division Outlook 2015 Special Issue no 2 8

332Jessica Vicente ldquoEducation Statistical Report by Structure Unit for the Year 2018rdquo SSD Education Department October 18 2019

333Ibid

334ldquoTotal Membership Involvement through Comprehensive Health Ministriesrdquo SSD Health Department accessed September 13 2019

httpadventistasiainformationdepartmentsministrieshealth

335Ruby Rodriguez SSD Hospital Directory SSD Healthcare Department September 13 2019

336Carmen Sarmiento ldquoPublishing Houses in SSD Territoryrdquo SSD Publishing Department October 7 2019

337Ibid

338ldquoBruneirdquo 2010 Country Report Freedom House accessed December 5 2019 httpsfreedomhouseorgreportfreedom-world2010brunei


340Ibid

341Ruby Rodriguez ldquoStatus of Religious Liberty in SSD Countries as of July 2019 (report by country)rdquo SSD Public Affairs and Religious Liberty department September 27 2019

342Paul Smith ldquoLessons from the Worldrsquos Largest Muslim Nationrdquo British Council February 2018 accessed December 6 2019

httpswwwbritishcouncilorgresearch-policy-insightinsight-articleslessons-from-the-world


344Oishimaya Sen Nag Religious Beliefs In Singapore WorldAtlas Apr 23 2018 accessed worldatlascomarticlesreligious-beliefs-in-singaporehtml

345Li-ann Thio Singapore Law Review 1995 36-37 accessed January 16 2020

The Secular Trumps the Sacred Constitutional Issues Arising from Colin Chan v Public Prosecutor

httpswwwacademiaedu601519The_Secular_Trumps_the_Sacred_Constitutional_Issues_arising_from_Colin_Chan_v_PP

346Hannah Beech Dharisha Bastians and Kai Schultz ldquoReligious Minorities Across Asia Suffer Amid Surge in Sectarian Politicsrdquo New York Times April 21 2019 accessed January 30 2020 httpswwwnytimescom20190421worldasiasri-lanka-religion-christianshtml

347Helen Gulfan interview by author Silang Cavite Philippines September 16 2019

348Ibid

349Ben Lobitantildea ldquoYouth Statistical Report 2018rdquo SSD Youth Department 2018

350Ibid

351ldquoSSD Mission Adventures 2 happens in Indonesiardquo Adventist News Dispatch December 6 2018 accessed January 15 2019

httpadventistasianewsssds-mission-adventures-2-happens-in-indonesia

352Anthony Stanyer interview by author November 12 2019 Silang Cavite Philippines

353Teresa Costello Adventist Young People Receive Government Praise in Vietnam ARH September 7 2015 accessed January 16 2020

httpswwwadventistrevieworgchurch-newsstory3228-adventist-young-people-receive-government-praise-in-vietnam


355Ibid

356Ben Lobitantildea email interview by author October 8 2019

357Ibid

358ldquoSSD breaks ground on Center of Influence buildingrdquo Adventist News Dispatch November 7 2018 accessed February 28 2020

httpadventistasianewsssd-breaks-ground-for-center-of-influence-building

359Ibid

360Connie Culpain ldquoThe Officers of Asiatic DivisionFEDAPD SSDrdquo October 8 2019 Southern Asia-Pacific Division Archives Note Due to World War II and ensuing restrictions in the then-occupied region the General Conference suspended official operations of the Far Eastern Division and supervised operations from the General Conference headquarters during 1943-1944 thus there is no listing for FED executive officers for that period In some countries local workers oversaw the day-to-day operations as they were permitted by the occupying military powers

encyclopediaadventistorg is an official website of the Seventh-day Adventist World Church

copy 2020 General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists 12501 Old Columbia Pike Silver Spring MD 20904 USA 301-680-6000

Twelve of SSDrsquos 14 countries lie within the 1040 Window Four of the 12 are among the 15 poorest countries in the world According to the World Bank Bangladesh is one of the five countries that collectively contain one-half of the 736 million people who globally live in extreme poverty

8

9

10

The more than 15 million members within SSDrsquos borders make it the sixth largest division of the Seventh-day Adventist world church It has 7482 churches with a membership of 1523695 as of June 30 2018 The largest percentage of its members live in Indonesia and the Philippines In a region of 1038560000 people one in 695 are Seventh-day Adventists ranging from the almost 12 million members in the Philippines to a not-yet-established presence in Brunei

11 12

13

14

SSD operates 11 regional administrative offices comprised of ldquothe Central Philippine East Indonesia North Philippine South Philippine Union Conferences the Pakistan Union Section the Bangladesh Myanmar Southeast Asia and West Indonesia Union Missions the Sri Lanka Mission of Seventh-day Adventists and the Timor-Leste Missionrdquo15

The North Philippine Union Conference headquartered in Pasay City Philippines organized in 1917 and reorganized in 1951 2009 2017 and 2018 consists of 378630 members in 1492 churches amid a population of 59427346 as of June 30 2018 The conference territory includes ldquoAbra Albay Apayao Aurora Bataan Batanes Batangas Benguet Bulacan Burias Cagayan Camarines Norte Camarines Sur Catanduanes Cavite Ifugao Ilocos Norte Ilocos Sur Isabela Kalinga La Union Laguna Marinduque Mountain Province Nueva Ecija Nueva Vizcaya Occidental Mindoro Oriental Mindoro Palawan Pampanga Pangasinan Quezon Quirino Rizal Sorsogon Tarlac and Zambales Provinces and the National Capital Region comprising the Central Luzon and South-Central Luzon Conferences and the Cavite Mountain Provinces Northeast Luzon Northern Luzon Palawan Adventist and Southern Luzon Missionsrdquo

16

17

18

The Southeast Asia Union Mission (SAUM) headquartered in Singapore was organized in 1917 and reorganized in 1929 With 92890 members in 359 churches amid a population of 222583000 as of June 30 2018 it includes ldquoBrunei Darussalam Cambodia Lao Peoples Democratic Republic Malaysia Singapore Thailand and Vietnam comprising Singapore Conference the Cambodia Adventist Peninsular Malaysia Sabah Sarawak Thailand and Vietnam Missions and Laos Regionrdquo On November 5 2019 it transitioned into two new unions and an attached field

19 20

21

22

The Bangladesh Union Mission headquartered in Dhaka Bangladesh organized in 1919 and later reorganized in 1938 and again in 1979 It has 31411 members in 123 churches amid a population of 166368000 as of June 30 2018 The union includes ldquothe East Bangladesh North Bangladesh South Bangladesh and West Bangladesh Missionsrdquo

23

24

25

The Myanmar Union Mission headquartered in Yangon Myanmar formed in 1919 and reorganized in 1938 It consists of 32323 members in 235 churches amid a population of 53856000 as of June 30 2018 The mission includes ldquothe Ayeyarwady Central Myanmar South East Upper Myanmar and Yangon Adventist Missionsrdquo26

The West Indonesia Union Mission headquartered in South Jakarta Indonesia came into being in 1929 and reorganized in 1964 It consists of 106963 members in 855 churches amid a population of 237876715 The mission includes ldquoJava Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo) Lesser Sunda Islands Madura Sumatra and Timor comprising the East Java Jakarta and West Java Conferences the Central Java Central Sumatra East Kalimantan North Sumatra Nusa Tenggara and South Sumatra Missions and the West Kalimantan Regionrdquo

27 28

29

The Sri Lanka Mission headquartered in Colombo Sri Lanka was organized in 1950 It has 3148 members in 37 churches amid a population of 21688000 and is the sole administrative unit in the country for the Adventist church

30

3132

The South Philippine Union Conference headquartered in Cagayan de Oro City Philippines had its origin in 1951 and reorganized in 1964 It consists of 551941 members in 2069 churches amid a population of 26024764 as of June 30 2018 The union contains the ldquoMindanao and Sulu Archipelago comprising the North Central Mindanao and Western Mindanao Conferences and the Central Mindanao Adventist Davao Northeastern Mindanao Southern Mindanao and Zamboanga Peninsula Missionsrdquo

33

34

35

The Central Philippine Union Conference headquartered in Cebu City Philippines was organized in 1964 and reorganized in 1996 It consists of 190868 members in 1280 churches amid a population of 21551890 as of June 30 2018 The union incorporates the ldquoVisayan Islands comprising the Central Visayan East Visayan Negros Occidental and West Visayan Conferences and the Negros Oriental-Siquijor Romblon Adventist and Samar Adventist Missionsrdquo

36

37

38

The East Indonesia Union Conference headquartered in Manado North Sulawesi Indonesia was organized in 1964 and reorganized in 1998 Comprising 122029 members it has 913 churches amid a population of 27344285 It includes ldquoIrian Jaya Maluku Sangihe Talaud and Sulawesi comprising the Manado and North Maluku Minahasa and South Sulawesi Conferences the Bolaang Mongondow and Gorontalo Central Sulawesi Luwu Tana Toraja Maluku North Minahasa Bitung Northern Island Papua and West Papua Missionsrdquo

39 40

41

The Timor-Leste Mission headquartered in Dili Timor-Leste began as a field in 2009 was renamed and reorganized as a mission in 2011 and renamed again in 2012 Consisting of 581 members with one church amid a population of 1236000 it represents the sole administrative unit in the country for the Adventist church42 43


44

45

46

47





49

50

51


52

53

54


55

56


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61

62 63



66

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70

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102

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117 118

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131



133

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151


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153




155 157

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160


161

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163

164 165 166 167 168 169

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177


178 179

180



182

183

184 185 186



188

189

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192


193

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195 196


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198

199 200

201


202

203

204


205

206

207 208



211

212



213

214



216

217

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219



220

221


222

223 224




226 227

228 229


230

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232


233

234

235

236


237

238

239


240

241

242

243







247

248

249

250


251

252




255

256







263

264



266

267










269 270

271 272


273

274

275


276

277

278

279



281

282



283

284







289

290




294

295



297

298


299

300


301

302


303

304

305



307

308


309 310

311


312

313










317

318


319

320

Adventist Mission


321

322


323

324

325

Chinese Ministries




327

328

329


330

331

Education



332

333

Health








Religious Liberty


341

342 343

344

345




347

348

Youth




350


351

352

353





356

357


358

359


Presidents





Secretaries





Treasurers







NOTES







5bidI












14






17Ibid

18Ibid



20Ibid

21Ibid



24Ibid

25Ibid





28Ibid

29Ibid



31Ibid

32Ibid



34Ibid

35Ibid



37Ibid

38Ibid



40Ibid

41Ibid



43

Ibid






47Ibid



























page


























82Ibid








88Ibid


90Ibid







96











103Ibid

104Ibid


106Ibid

















120Ibid


194





126Ibid




























148






























174Ibid



177Ibid



180Ibid



























206Ibid




210Ibid









217Ibid




221Ibid 103 104 106










230Ibid



232Ibid
















years-01


247Ibid

248Ibid

249Ibid















263

Ibid


265Ibid

266Ibid

267Ibid

268Ibid






274Ibid

275Ibid







282Ibid

283Ibid

284Ibid





288Ibid

289Ibid







295Ibid








































316











324Ibid

325Ibid



328Ibid

329Ibid

330Ibid



333Ibid





337Ibid



340Ibid











348Ibid


350Ibid







355Ibid


357Ibid



359Ibid





44

45

46

47





49

50

51


52

53

54


55

56


57


58

59

60


61

62 63



66

67

68



70

71 72



74 75

76 77

78



80

81 82


83

84



86


87

88



90

91




94

95

96


97


98 99

100




102

103

104


105

106


107

108


109

110

111

112


113

114



115

116


117 118

119






123

124 125

126



127

129 130

131



133

134


135

136

137 138



139 140

141

142


143

144

145


146

147

148

149 150


151


152

153




155 157

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159

160


161

162



163

164 165 166 167 168 169

170


171

172


173

174


175

176

177


178 179

180



182

183

184 185 186



188

189

190 191

192


193

194

195 196


197

198

199 200

201


202

203

204


205

206

207 208



211

212



213

214



216

217

218

219



220

221


222

223 224




226 227

228 229


230

231

232


233

234

235

236


237

238

239


240

241

242

243







247

248

249

250


251

252




255

256







263

264



266

267










269 270

271 272


273

274

275


276

277

278

279



281

282



283

284







289

290




294

295



297

298


299

300


301

302


303

304

305



307

308


309 310

311


312

313










317

318


319

320

Adventist Mission


321

322


323

324

325

Chinese Ministries




327

328

329


330

331

Education



332

333

Health








Religious Liberty


341

342 343

344

345




347

348

Youth




350


351

352

353





356

357


358

359


Presidents





Secretaries





Treasurers







NOTES







5bidI












14






17Ibid

18Ibid



20Ibid

21Ibid



24Ibid

25Ibid





28Ibid

29Ibid



31Ibid

32Ibid



34Ibid

35Ibid



37Ibid

38Ibid



40Ibid

41Ibid



43

Ibid






47Ibid



























page


























82Ibid








88Ibid


90Ibid







96











103Ibid

104Ibid


106Ibid

















120Ibid


194





126Ibid




























148






























174Ibid



177Ibid



180Ibid



























206Ibid




210Ibid









217Ibid




221Ibid 103 104 106










230Ibid



232Ibid
















years-01


247Ibid

248Ibid

249Ibid















263

Ibid


265Ibid

266Ibid

267Ibid

268Ibid






274Ibid

275Ibid







282Ibid

283Ibid

284Ibid





288Ibid

289Ibid







295Ibid








































316











324Ibid

325Ibid



328Ibid

329Ibid

330Ibid



333Ibid





337Ibid



340Ibid











348Ibid


350Ibid







355Ibid


357Ibid



359Ibid






74 75

76 77

78



80

81 82


83

84



86


87

88



90

91




94

95

96


97


98 99

100




102

103

104


105

106


107

108


109

110

111

112


113

114



115

116


117 118

119






123

124 125

126



127

129 130

131



133

134


135

136

137 138



139 140

141

142


143

144

145


146

147

148

149 150


151


152

153




155 157

158

159

160


161

162



163

164 165 166 167 168 169

170


171

172


173

174


175

176

177


178 179

180



182

183

184 185 186



188

189

190 191

192


193

194

195 196


197

198

199 200

201


202

203

204


205

206

207 208



211

212



213

214



216

217

218

219



220

221


222

223 224




226 227

228 229


230

231

232


233

234

235

236


237

238

239


240

241

242

243







247

248

249

250


251

252




255

256







263

264



266

267










269 270

271 272


273

274

275


276

277

278

279



281

282



283

284







289

290




294

295



297

298


299

300


301

302


303

304

305



307

308


309 310

311


312

313










317

318


319

320

Adventist Mission


321

322


323

324

325

Chinese Ministries




327

328

329


330

331

Education



332

333

Health








Religious Liberty


341

342 343

344

345




347

348

Youth




350


351

352

353





356

357


358

359


Presidents





Secretaries





Treasurers







NOTES







5bidI












14






17Ibid

18Ibid



20Ibid

21Ibid



24Ibid

25Ibid





28Ibid

29Ibid



31Ibid

32Ibid



34Ibid

35Ibid



37Ibid

38Ibid



40Ibid

41Ibid



43

Ibid






47Ibid



























page


























82Ibid








88Ibid


90Ibid







96











103Ibid

104Ibid


106Ibid

















120Ibid


194





126Ibid




























148






























174Ibid



177Ibid



180Ibid



























206Ibid




210Ibid









217Ibid




221Ibid 103 104 106










230Ibid



232Ibid
















years-01


247Ibid

248Ibid

249Ibid















263

Ibid


265Ibid

266Ibid

267Ibid

268Ibid






274Ibid

275Ibid







282Ibid

283Ibid

284Ibid





288Ibid

289Ibid







295Ibid








































316











324Ibid

325Ibid



328Ibid

329Ibid

330Ibid



333Ibid





337Ibid



340Ibid











348Ibid


350Ibid







355Ibid


357Ibid



359Ibid





105

106


107

108


109

110

111

112


113

114



115

116


117 118

119






123

124 125

126



127

129 130

131



133

134


135

136

137 138



139 140

141

142


143

144

145


146

147

148

149 150


151


152

153




155 157

158

159

160


161

162



163

164 165 166 167 168 169

170


171

172


173

174


175

176

177


178 179

180



182

183

184 185 186



188

189

190 191

192


193

194

195 196


197

198

199 200

201


202

203

204


205

206

207 208



211

212



213

214



216

217

218

219



220

221


222

223 224




226 227

228 229


230

231

232


233

234

235

236


237

238

239


240

241

242

243







247

248

249

250


251

252




255

256







263

264



266

267










269 270

271 272


273

274

275


276

277

278

279



281

282



283

284







289

290




294

295



297

298


299

300


301

302


303

304

305



307

308


309 310

311


312

313










317

318


319

320

Adventist Mission


321

322


323

324

325

Chinese Ministries




327

328

329


330

331

Education



332

333

Health








Religious Liberty


341

342 343

344

345




347

348

Youth




350


351

352

353





356

357


358

359


Presidents





Secretaries





Treasurers







NOTES







5bidI












14






17Ibid

18Ibid



20Ibid

21Ibid



24Ibid

25Ibid





28Ibid

29Ibid



31Ibid

32Ibid



34Ibid

35Ibid



37Ibid

38Ibid



40Ibid

41Ibid



43

Ibid






47Ibid



























page


























82Ibid








88Ibid


90Ibid







96











103Ibid

104Ibid


106Ibid

















120Ibid


194





126Ibid




























148






























174Ibid



177Ibid



180Ibid



























206Ibid




210Ibid









217Ibid




221Ibid 103 104 106










230Ibid



232Ibid
















years-01


247Ibid

248Ibid

249Ibid















263

Ibid


265Ibid

266Ibid

267Ibid

268Ibid






274Ibid

275Ibid







282Ibid

283Ibid

284Ibid





288Ibid

289Ibid







295Ibid








































316











324Ibid

325Ibid



328Ibid

329Ibid

330Ibid



333Ibid





337Ibid



340Ibid











348Ibid


350Ibid







355Ibid


357Ibid



359Ibid






133

134


135

136

137 138



139 140

141

142


143

144

145


146

147

148

149 150


151


152

153




155 157

158

159

160


161

162



163

164 165 166 167 168 169

170


171

172


173

174


175

176

177


178 179

180



182

183

184 185 186



188

189

190 191

192


193

194

195 196


197

198

199 200

201


202

203

204


205

206

207 208



211

212



213

214



216

217

218

219



220

221


222

223 224




226 227

228 229


230

231

232


233

234

235

236


237

238

239


240

241

242

243







247

248

249

250


251

252




255

256







263

264



266

267










269 270

271 272


273

274

275


276

277

278

279



281

282



283

284







289

290




294

295



297

298


299

300


301

302


303

304

305



307

308


309 310

311


312

313










317

318


319

320

Adventist Mission


321

322


323

324

325

Chinese Ministries




327

328

329


330

331

Education



332

333

Health








Religious Liberty


341

342 343

344

345




347

348

Youth




350


351

352

353





356

357


358

359


Presidents





Secretaries





Treasurers







NOTES







5bidI












14






17Ibid

18Ibid



20Ibid

21Ibid



24Ibid

25Ibid





28Ibid

29Ibid



31Ibid

32Ibid



34Ibid

35Ibid



37Ibid

38Ibid



40Ibid

41Ibid



43

Ibid






47Ibid



























page


























82Ibid








88Ibid


90Ibid







96











103Ibid

104Ibid


106Ibid

















120Ibid


194





126Ibid




























148






























174Ibid



177Ibid



180Ibid



























206Ibid




210Ibid









217Ibid




221Ibid 103 104 106










230Ibid



232Ibid
















years-01


247Ibid

248Ibid

249Ibid















263

Ibid


265Ibid

266Ibid

267Ibid

268Ibid






274Ibid

275Ibid







282Ibid

283Ibid

284Ibid





288Ibid

289Ibid







295Ibid








































316











324Ibid

325Ibid



328Ibid

329Ibid

330Ibid



333Ibid





337Ibid



340Ibid











348Ibid


350Ibid







355Ibid


357Ibid



359Ibid






182

183

184 185 186



188

189

190 191

192


193

194

195 196


197

198

199 200

201


202

203

204


205

206

207 208



211

212



213

214



216

217

218

219



220

221


222

223 224




226 227

228 229


230

231

232


233

234

235

236


237

238

239


240

241

242

243







247

248

249

250


251

252




255

256







263

264



266

267










269 270

271 272


273

274

275


276

277

278

279



281

282



283

284







289

290




294

295



297

298


299

300


301

302


303

304

305



307

308


309 310

311


312

313










317

318


319

320

Adventist Mission


321

322


323

324

325

Chinese Ministries




327

328

329


330

331

Education



332

333

Health








Religious Liberty


341

342 343

344

345




347

348

Youth




350


351

352

353





356

357


358

359


Presidents





Secretaries





Treasurers







NOTES







5bidI












14






17Ibid

18Ibid



20Ibid

21Ibid



24Ibid

25Ibid





28Ibid

29Ibid



31Ibid

32Ibid



34Ibid

35Ibid



37Ibid

38Ibid



40Ibid

41Ibid



43

Ibid






47Ibid



























page


























82Ibid








88Ibid


90Ibid







96











103Ibid

104Ibid


106Ibid

















120Ibid


194





126Ibid




























148






























174Ibid



177Ibid



180Ibid



























206Ibid




210Ibid









217Ibid




221Ibid 103 104 106










230Ibid



232Ibid
















years-01


247Ibid

248Ibid

249Ibid















263

Ibid


265Ibid

266Ibid

267Ibid

268Ibid






274Ibid

275Ibid







282Ibid

283Ibid

284Ibid





288Ibid

289Ibid







295Ibid








































316











324Ibid

325Ibid



328Ibid

329Ibid

330Ibid



333Ibid





337Ibid



340Ibid











348Ibid


350Ibid







355Ibid


357Ibid



359Ibid





220

221


222

223 224




226 227

228 229


230

231

232


233

234

235

236


237

238

239


240

241

242

243







247

248

249

250


251

252




255

256







263

264



266

267










269 270

271 272


273

274

275


276

277

278

279



281

282



283

284







289

290




294

295



297

298


299

300


301

302


303

304

305



307

308


309 310

311


312

313










317

318


319

320

Adventist Mission


321

322


323

324

325

Chinese Ministries




327

328

329


330

331

Education



332

333

Health








Religious Liberty


341

342 343

344

345




347

348

Youth




350


351

352

353





356

357


358

359


Presidents





Secretaries





Treasurers







NOTES







5bidI












14






17Ibid

18Ibid



20Ibid

21Ibid



24Ibid

25Ibid





28Ibid

29Ibid



31Ibid

32Ibid



34Ibid

35Ibid



37Ibid

38Ibid



40Ibid

41Ibid



43

Ibid






47Ibid



























page


























82Ibid








88Ibid


90Ibid







96











103Ibid

104Ibid


106Ibid

















120Ibid


194





126Ibid




























148






























174Ibid



177Ibid



180Ibid



























206Ibid




210Ibid









217Ibid




221Ibid 103 104 106










230Ibid



232Ibid
















years-01


247Ibid

248Ibid

249Ibid















263

Ibid


265Ibid

266Ibid

267Ibid

268Ibid






274Ibid

275Ibid







282Ibid

283Ibid

284Ibid





288Ibid

289Ibid







295Ibid








































316











324Ibid

325Ibid



328Ibid

329Ibid

330Ibid



333Ibid





337Ibid



340Ibid











348Ibid


350Ibid







355Ibid


357Ibid



359Ibid






247

248

249

250


251

252




255

256







263

264



266

267










269 270

271 272


273

274

275


276

277

278

279



281

282



283

284







289

290




294

295



297

298


299

300


301

302


303

304

305



307

308


309 310

311


312

313










317

318


319

320

Adventist Mission


321

322


323

324

325

Chinese Ministries




327

328

329


330

331

Education



332

333

Health








Religious Liberty


341

342 343

344

345




347

348

Youth




350


351

352

353





356

357


358

359


Presidents





Secretaries





Treasurers







NOTES







5bidI












14






17Ibid

18Ibid



20Ibid

21Ibid



24Ibid

25Ibid





28Ibid

29Ibid



31Ibid

32Ibid



34Ibid

35Ibid



37Ibid

38Ibid



40Ibid

41Ibid



43

Ibid






47Ibid



























page


























82Ibid








88Ibid


90Ibid







96











103Ibid

104Ibid


106Ibid

















120Ibid


194





126Ibid




























148






























174Ibid



177Ibid



180Ibid



























206Ibid




210Ibid









217Ibid




221Ibid 103 104 106










230Ibid



232Ibid
















years-01


247Ibid

248Ibid

249Ibid















263

Ibid


265Ibid

266Ibid

267Ibid

268Ibid






274Ibid

275Ibid







282Ibid

283Ibid

284Ibid





288Ibid

289Ibid







295Ibid








































316











324Ibid

325Ibid



328Ibid

329Ibid

330Ibid



333Ibid





337Ibid



340Ibid











348Ibid


350Ibid







355Ibid


357Ibid



359Ibid









269 270

271 272


273

274

275


276

277

278

279



281

282



283

284







289

290




294

295



297

298


299

300


301

302


303

304

305



307

308


309 310

311


312

313










317

318


319

320

Adventist Mission


321

322


323

324

325

Chinese Ministries




327

328

329


330

331

Education



332

333

Health








Religious Liberty


341

342 343

344

345




347

348

Youth




350


351

352

353





356

357


358

359


Presidents





Secretaries





Treasurers







NOTES







5bidI












14






17Ibid

18Ibid



20Ibid

21Ibid



24Ibid

25Ibid





28Ibid

29Ibid



31Ibid

32Ibid



34Ibid

35Ibid



37Ibid

38Ibid



40Ibid

41Ibid



43

Ibid






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page


























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303

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311


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319

320

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321

322


323

324

325

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329


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332

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341

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Documents

Southern Asia-Pacific Division