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Words to Watch• Gruesome- Causing horror or disgust• Decipher- To interpret the meaning of
something• Anthropologist- A scientist that studies human
origins• Ecology- Pattern of relationships between
living things
Indus Valley Civilization
• Lasted from 3300-1300 B.C.• Located in modern-day Pakistan
and India along the Indus River• At its peak, the civilization had a
population of around 5 million• Geographically, the largest
ancient civilization in the world (covered the most area)
Cities of the Indus Valley• Over 1,000 cities and
settlements have been discovered
• Mohenjo-Doro – The most developed and sophisticated city of the Indus River– Archaeologists found gruesome
remains when the city was excavated
• Harrapa – Had about 25,000 people (very large for its time)
Cities of the Indus Valley
• Both cities had an advanced system of trade and commerce– This was created by a surplus in
agriculture– Domesticated plants like peas, dates,
and cotton– Domesticated animals like the water
buffalo• Seals were used to mark property,
evidence of a written language
Make Your Own Seal• In your Interactive Notebook, create your own
seal which you would use to mark your possessions
• Include symbols that are important to you– This could be an animal, letters, logos and
anything else that is special to you
Cities of the Indus Valley
• Cities used advanced engineering systems to create a water supply and sanitation systems– Created the world’s first flush toilets– Created drainage systems to prevent
flooding houses and had their own private water well
• City streets were based on a grid system
Remains of the Indus Valley Civilization
The Indus River
• The largest river in South Asia
• People have dealt with flooding for thousands of years
• Today, about 200 million people live in the Indus River floodplain
Maurya Empire
• Lasted from 321 B.C. to 185 B.C. (about 150 years)
• Mostly in modern-day India. Parts in modern-day Afghanistan, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, and Iran
• Population is estimated between 50-60 million
320 B.C.
305 B.C.
300 B.C.
Maurya Empire
• Founded by Chandragupta Maurya when he was only 20 years old
• Developed a trading network across South Asia– Created a system of finance, administration, and security
• Ashoka the Great (the grandson of Chandragupta Maurya) spread the teachings of Buddha– After witnessing a devastating war that killed thousands,
he renounced war and violence
Gupta Empire• Many inventions and scientific discoveries
– Called the “Golden Age of India”• Developed Arabic numerals, the basis of our
number system– Created the concept of zero and the decimal
system
Mughal Empire
• Lasted 1526-1858 (332 years)• Estimated population of 150 million• Under the rule of Akbar the Great, the Empire
enjoyed cultural and economic success• Spread Islam throughout South Asia
Caste System• The caste system in India has
been around for over 2,000 years
• Jatis- Translated as “thus born”– People in India are born into
categories in which their professions have already been chosen
– People marry within their caste
There are 5 different levels within the Caste System